河南省2024-2025学年初升高英语知识衔接动词+助动词+系动词+情态动词课件

动词 动词 概念： 实义动词：表示有实际含义的动词，也叫行为动词。 实义动词 fly eat drink 二、基本形式 动词 动词原形 动词三单形式 动词过去式 动词现在分词(V-ing) 动词过去分词(V-ed) I will go to school. He likes apples I lived in Beijing. She is reading books. I have lived in Beijing. 非你非我+单数 实义动词 1. 及物动词 及物动词可以直接接宾语，表示完整的意思。常见的及物动词do,visit,spend,say,like,want,enjoy I often play soccer. 我经常踢足球。 I love you. I miss you. I do the homework. 实义动词的分类 2. 不及物动词 不及物动词不可以直接接宾语。常见的不及物动词有arrive、 look、 sit、 sleep、 come等。不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不需要接宾语。 如： The rain stopped. 雨停了。 What happened yesterday？昨天发生了什么？ 【注意】 不及物动词没有被动语态。 实义动词的分类 We arrived at the railway station at noon. 我们于午时到达火车站。（at不能省） Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest. 每个人都饶有兴趣地听了讲座。（to不能省） Do they agree with the plan？他们同意计划吗？（with不能省） （比较： We reached the railway station at noon.） 实义动词的分类 判断下列标黄部分是什么动词，并说明词义。 1. He left for Beijing last week. 2. I left the key at home. 3. She listens but she never joins in. 4.I will buy some apples. 5. We visited the school yesterday. 6. I bought a new coat. 实义动词的分类--练习 vi.离开 vi.遗留 vi.听 vt.买 vt.参观 vt.购买 He enjoys____ pop music while I prefer classical music.(2010-5) A. to listen to B. to listen C. listening D. listening to 实义动词的分类--练习 3.延续性动词：表示能够延续的一段动作，可以与表示一段时间的状语一起用。 常见延续性动词： study,work,read,sleep,learn,stay,keep,have,wait I have learned Chinese since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学汉语了。 Istudyed there for 2 weeks last year. I waited for you for an hour. 实义动词的分类 4.非延续性动词：动作一开始就结束了，不可以和时间段连用。 常见短暂性动词：go,come,begin,leave,arrive,die,open,finish. He died 5 years ago. The TV play has begun. I haven’t finished the work yet. 我还没有完成工作。 实义动词的分类 系动词 状态系动词：只有be动词，am is are was were。 I’m a freshman . The machine is under repair. My dream is to be an English teacher. My hobby is playing football. The news is exciting. I feel excited. The problem is that we don’t have enough money. The war was over. 名词 介词短语 to do 不定式 动名词doing 现在分词doing/过去分词done 表语从句 副词 系动词 13 2. 感官系动词：用于表示感官的感受，look,feel、 smell、 sound、 taste等。 The dress looks beautiful. The music sound good. The food tastes good. The pillow feels soft. 系动词 练习： -Do you like the material? -yes, it ____very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C.feels D.is felt. 系动词 　3. 变化系动词：用于表示主语的变化，主要有become、 grow、 turn、 get、 go、 come等。 1) It is becoming cold. 天气/社会趋势/身心/自然 2) Divorce is getting more common.天气/社会趋势/身心/自然 3) The meat has gone bad.由强到弱/由好到坏 4) Her wish came true.朝好的方向 5) It began to grow dark.逐渐变得/身高/岁数/经验 系动词 4. 持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep、 remain、 stay等。 1)He always keeps silent at meeting. 2)She tried to remain cool and calm. 3)The main thing is to stay calm. 系动词 5. 表象系动词：用来表示“看起来像”，主要有seem、 appear等。 1) It seems that everything will be OK. 2) Everyone seems busy except us. 3) The lady appears to be nice. 系动词 课堂练习 1.The old man______（似乎）deaf. 2.He________（显得）quite well. 3.The food_______（尝起来）terrible. 4.You must_______（保持）healthy. 5.It_____（听起来）a good idea. Let's have a try. 系动词 助动词 助动词 一、助动词的分类 助动词+实义动词=谓语动词 助动词:没有实际含义，帮助构成否定，疑问，时态，语态 1)I do not love you. 2)Do you love me? 3)I have finished my homework. 4)My homework was finished by me. 助动词 助动词的作用： 1.She does not work here. 2. I won't/will not stay here long. 3. We had not met before. 4. His brother did not come yesterday. 如果句子里有实义动词： 原形——do not 单三——does not 过去——did not 句子里有助动词，直接在助动词之后加not 助动词 助动词帮助构成疑问句 1)How do you like the weather here? 2)Does she speak English? 3)Did you see yesterday's film? 4)Will you be home tomorrow? 实义动词 do did does 放在句首 有助动词 直接把助动词放在句首。 助动词 助动词帮助构成各种时态 I am teaching. I will do my homework. I have finished my homework. My homework have been finished. 助动词 改错： I'm look forward to hearing good news from you. 助动词 一、情态动词的定义及特征 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义的词，用于给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法 I can play football.（我能踢足球。） He can play football.（他能踢足球。） 情态动词 1.情态动词+实义动词=谓语动词 2.没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原型 3.否定形式直接在后加not 情态动词的特征 常见的情态动词： 1) She can speak English. she can’t speak English. 2) You should leave at once. 3)We shouldn’t smoke in the classroom. 4）You can/may leave now. 例句： 注意：need的用法 1.①need: 实义动词 need to do sth.需要做某事 need doing 需要被....=need to be done 1) He needs to have a rest. 2) He doesn't need to have a rest. 3)The garden needs watering. 情态动词 ②need: 情态动词 表示“需要” 变否定:needn't 1) You needn't do your homework. 情态动词 注意：have to的用法 have to:不得不 have to / has to / had to 1)We have to find ourselves a new home. 2)She has to sell her house. 3)He had to attend an important meeting. 情态动词 2. have to 否定 ② don't/didn’t/doesn't have to 1)We don't have to find ourselves a new home. 2)She doesn’t have to sell her house. 3)He didn't have to attend an important meeting. 情态动词 补充 had better do sth.最好做某事 had better not do sth.最好不做某事 1)You had better go to hospital at once. 2)You had better not miss the last bus. 情态动词 练习： Don't stay at home. You had better to go out for a work. B 应改为 go out 情态动词 情态动词 have done can/could have done 原本能够做（却没做） should/ought to have done原本应该做（却没做） needn't have done原本不必做（却做了） 情态动词+have done may/might have done 可能已经做了 must have done一定已经做了 can't/couldn't have done不可能已经做了 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 I could have caught the bus. 我本能够赶上公交车。 can/could have done 本能做某事而实际没做 Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 should/ought to have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做 I shouldn't have yelled at my parents. They were just worried about me. 我不该对父母大喊大叫的。他们只是担心我。 注意：shouldn’t have done本不该做某事。有自责，懊悔的意思。 They have done things that they ought______(2004-29) A. not to do B. not to be done C. not to have done D. not having done C 练习： I'm not surprised you failed the exam. You _____have worked harder. A. should B. must C. would D. ought A 练习： I needn’t have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。 I needn't have bought so many apples. There are still a lot at home. 我本不必买这么多苹果的。家里还有很多呢。 needn’t+have+done本来不需要做某事，而做了（无用功） She might have achieved greater progress. 她可能已经取得更大的成绩。 might/may+have+done可能已经做了 　 must+have+done一定做过某事 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 注意： mustn‘t 表示禁止 You_____me because I didn't say that. A. must misunderstand B. must be understanding C.must have misunderstood D. had to misunderstand C 练习： can't/couldn’t+have+done不可能做过某事 Mr. Smith can‘t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 Steven_____my letter; otherwise he would have replied before now. A. has received B. should have received C. couldn't have received D. ought to have received C before now 在此以前， 现在 练习： You_____not have seen her yesterday, for she was abroad. A. must B. should C. could D. would C 练习： $$