51 美国总统选举、延迟退休政策、国家青年一代营养计划、地摊经济、国家海军招飞-备战2025年中考英语时文热点专练

51 美总统选举、国家青年营养计划、地摊经济、国家海军招飞 特朗普2.0来了 国家青少年营养餐计划 一、阅读理解 A Donald Trump won the 2024 US presidential election! According to the media, Trump received at least 270 electoral votes, which is more than half of the 538 votes needed to win. Trump’s victory was supported by a strong base of voters who admired his economic policies, such as tax cuts and job creation, and his tough attitude on immigration. Do you know electoral system (选举制度) in the United States? In the US, people don’t directly vote for the President. Instead, they vote for “electors” who represent their state, which called the “Electoral College” (选举人团制度). Each state has a certain number of electors, based on how many senators and representatives it has in Congress. There are 538 electors in total. To become President, a candidate (候选人)needs to win more than half of these electors’ votes, which is 270 votes. Most states have a “winner-takes-all” rule. This means the candidate who gets the most votes in that state wins all of its electors. Before the election, each party holds primaries to choose their candidate. People vote in these primaries to say who they want to represent their party. Then, the candidates from the two main parties, Democrats and Republicans, campaign (竞选) across the country. They tell people why they should be President. On Election Day, people go to polling places to vote. Some states also allow early voting or mail-in voting. After all the votes are counted, we know who the electors will vote for. Then, in January, the electors meet and cast their votes for President. The person who gets the most elector votes becomes the President. They take office on January 20th, the day after Inauguration Day (美国总统就职日), and promise to follow the Constitution. This system has been used in the US since the18th century to make sure every state’s voice is heard in choosing the President. 1．How many electoral votes are needed to win the US presidential election? A．250. B．260. C．270. D．280. 2．What is the “winner-takes-all” rule in most US states? A．The candidate with the most votes nationwide wins all the electors. B．Each candidate gets some electors based on their votes. C．The candidate who gets the most votes in a state wins all of its electors. D．All candidates share the electors equally. 3．Which of the following statements is NOT true? A．People directly vote for the President. B．The “Electoral College” system is used. C．There are 538 electors in total. D．People go to polling places to vote on Election Day. 4．Which is the correct order of the US presidential election process? ①The electors meet and cast their votes for President. ②People go to polling places to vote. ③Each party holds primaries to choose their candidate. ④The candidates campaign across the country. A．②①④③ B．③④②① C．①④②③ D．④③②① 5．What is the main purpose of the US electoral system? A．To make the election process faster. B．To reduce the cost of elections. C．To be sure that every state’s voice is heard. D．To increase the number of voters. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 【知识点】政治/政策、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了美国的总统选举制度。 1．细节理解题。根据“To become President, a candidate needs to win more than half of these electors’ votes, which is 270 votes.”可知，赢得美国总统大选需要270张选举人的投票。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Most states have a ‘winner-takes-all’ rule. This means the candidate who gets the most votes in that state wins all of its electors.”可知，这个规则意味着在一个州获得最多选票的候选人赢得该州所有选举人票。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“In the US, people don’t directly vote for the President.”可知，在美国，人民直接投票选举总统。故选A。 4．细节理解题。通读全文可知，每个政党都先举行初选来选出他们的候选人，然后候选人在全国各地竞选，人们去投票站投票，最后选举人开会投票选举总统，因此正确的顺序是③④②①。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“This system has been used in the US since the18th century to make sure every state’s voice is heard in choosing the President.”可知，美国的总统选举制度是为了确保每个州的声音都能被听到。故选C。 B For teenagers who want to join the army and also dream of being a pilot, here comes a great choice. The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy (中国人民解放军海军) started selecting (选拔) students from middle schools in 14 provincial-level for its teen pilot program. There are nearly 4, 500 qualified applicants (合格的申请者). According to the Navy, applicants for this year’s teen pilot program should be born between Aug31, 2006 and Aug 31, 2009; have a height between 162 and 181centimeters; and be neither too thin nor overweight. They must be free of certain diseases, and their blood pressure and vision (视力)must meet the Navy’s standards for its pilots. If applicants pass all rounds of selection, they will go to a cooperating (合作) high school in each of the 14 regions for the three-year program. They will take classes and receive training in naval (海军的) and flight knowledge. After three years, those who pass the necessary tests can go to naval aviation academies (航空院校) or some of China’s top universities including Peking University and Tsinghua University. These universities work with the Navy for pilot training. The program, which started in 2015, is set to attract students who are interested in aviation and are fit for military (军事的) flight. It’s to build a talent pool for the Navy. The Chinese Navy is doing its best to meet the needs of aircraft carrier (航空母舰) development. This way of selection can help find potential (潜在的) pilots for specific (特定的) training as early as possible and strengthen the cultivation (培养) of young talents. 6．What things are mainly considered in the selection process? A．Health, age, weight and height. B．Family background, age, and height. C．School, age, health and family background. D．Age, blood type and weight. 7．What do students do before they can go to naval aviation academies? A．Take classes in their middle school. B．Fly as a pilot for more than three years. C．Study in China’s top universities. D．Get specific training for three years. 8．What’s the purpose of the program? A．To find and train talented pilots from a young age. B．To help high school students learn about future choices. C．To make more people interested in aviation. D．To help the Chinese Navy build new aircraft carriers. 9．What’s the best title for this article? A．A special high school for Chinese teenagers B．PLA Navy is looking for young pilots C．PLA Navy is working with China’s top universities D．How to take part in the teen pilot program 【答案】6．A 7．D 8．A 9．B 【知识点】说明文、政治/政策、科普知识 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了我们国家海军正在招年轻的飞行员。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“According to the Navy...for its pilots.”可知，中国人民解放军海军的选拔会考查年龄、身高、体重、视力和健康状况。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段“If applicants pass all rounds...three-year program.”可知申请人通过了所有的选拔后，将会进入14个地区的合作高中进行为期3年的课程。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据第六段“The program, which started in 2015...talent pool for the Navy.”和整个第七段，可知该项目是为了吸引对航空感兴趣并适合军事飞行的学生，为海军建立人才库。这种选拔可以尽早发现有潜力的飞行员进行特定培训，加强对青年人才的培养。故选A。 9．最佳标题题。通读全文，结合第二段“The People’s Liberation Army...nearly 4, 500 qualified applicants (合格的申请者).”可知，本文主要介绍了海军正在寻找年轻飞行员，故选B。 C According to the Ministry of Education (教育部), thanks to a nutrition (营养) improvement plan providing daily nutritious lunches to rural (农村) primary and middle school students, rural students in China have grown taller and stronger on average (平均) over the past ten years. Based on surveys of students in some 700 counties (县) during the past 10 years, here are the survey results. 13-year-old boys have seen the most growth in height and weight, with an average height of 7.5 centimeters taller and an average added weight of 6.6 kilograms. 12-year-old girl students who experienced the most growth had added an average of 6.3 cm in height and 5.8 kg in weight. The survey found the growth retardation rate (生长发育迟缓率) of students aged 6 to 15 dropped to 2.3 percent. While the obesity rate of rural students reached 18.7 percent last year, it was 7.8 percentage points lower than the national average. But some students are still overweight. The surveys also found that rural students have more chances to get meat, vegetables and milk products, and more schools have built their own canteens (食堂). Li Ming is the principal of Daping Primary School in Ningxia. He said that in the past there was no canteen in the school and it was not very convenient for students to have lunch. Since 10 years ago, students have been able to enjoy nutritious meals at school and as a result they have grown taller and healthier. At the No.11 Primary School in Tongren City, Guizhou Province, the school canteen displays daily lunch menus, which include three dishes, a soup, a piece of fruit and milk. The province has started its nutrition improvement plan to make sure students can eat healthier and more nutritious meals at school. 10．In the past ten years, what has made rural students grow taller and stronger? A．Enough exercise. B．Studying really hard. C．Daily nutritious meals. 11．What does the 2nd paragraph mainly talk about? A．The results of the surveys.B．Ways of doing surveys. C．The importance of surveys. 12．What do the underlined words “the obesity rate” mean in Chinese? A．入学率 B．肥胖率 C．身高增长率 13．In the last two paragraphs, how does the writer show the nutrition improvement? A．By giving reasons. B．By listing numbers. C．By taking two schools as examples. 【答案】10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 【知识点】说明文、政治/政策 【导语】本文介绍了中国农村地区的学生因营养改善计划而变得更高、更强壮的一些数据，同时描述了相关学校的具体做法及成效。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第一句提到的“thanks to a nutrition (营养) improvement plan providing daily nutritious lunches to rural (农村) primary and middle school students, rural students in China have grown taller and stronger”可知，改善农村学生营养的每日营养餐使农村学生变得更高更强壮，故选C。 11．主旨大意题。第二段通过各种数据来说明调查结果，故选A。 12．词句猜测题。第三段提到“While the obesity rate of rural students reached 18.7 percent last year”和“But some students are still overweight.”可知， 有些学生超重，说明上文讲述肥胖率，故选B。 13．推理判断题。最后两段通过列举宁夏大坪小学和贵州省铜仁第11小学两个学校为例，具体展示了营养改善计划的落实情况，故选C。 D If the youth are wise, the country will be wise. 14 On Oct.16,2022, President Xi brought out an important report at the opening session of the 20th National Congress of the CPC（中国共产党第二十次代表大会开幕会）. He said that the work caring for young people is of great importance. In the past 10 years, the Party and the government have paid close attention to caring for young people in different areas, such as innovation（创新）, education and jobs. 15 Take education as an example. By 2020, the government had offered over 240 billion yuan to help nearly 150 million students get a better education. The double-reduction policy（双减政策） came out in July 2021. 16 As a result, more than 90% of students can finish their written homework in the set time. 17 Since the nutrition improvement plan（营养改善计划） came out 10 years ago, more rural primary and middle school students have been able to enjoy delicious meals at school. The Beijing Winter Olympic Games have also encouraged a great number of young people to take part in winter sports. 18 They created the best results in the history of the Winter Olympics. Although the Beijing Winter Olympic Games ended, the Olympic spirit is always young. A．It has helped lower students’ learning stress. B．The number of young players aged 18-30 has increased. C．After ten years of efforts, we have made some proud achievements in these areas. D．If the youth are strong, the country will be strong. E．You’d better make a plan before doing your homework. F．The government has also played a key role in improving the physical health of young people. G．Nothing can stop you from achieving your dream. 【答案】14．D 15．C 16．A 17．F 18．B 【知识点】社会发展、政治/政策、教育 【导语】本文主要介绍了国家在照顾青年一代方面做出的努力。 14．根据“If the youth are wise, the country will be wise.”可知此处是名言表示“少年智则国智”，接下来应是“少年强则国强”，选项D“少年强则国强”符合语境，故选D。 15．根据“In the past 10 years, the Party and the government have paid close attention to caring for young people in different areas”可知此处讲述国家在过去10年做的努力，那么空处应是介绍努力的结果，选项C“十年的努力之后，我们已经在这些领域取得了一些骄人的成绩。”符合语境，故选C。 16．根据“The double-reduction policy（双减政策） came out in July 2021.”可知此处讲到双减政策，帮助学生减轻了学习压力，选项A“它已经帮助减轻了学生们的学习压力。”符合语境，故选A。 17．根据“Since the nutrition improvement plan（营养改善计划） came out 10 years ago, more rural primary and middle school students have been able to enjoy delicious meals at school.”可知此处讲到国家颁布的营养改善计划，学校的食物变得更加美味，这些提高了学生的身体健康。选项F“政府已经在改善年轻人的身体健康方面扮演了重要的角色。”符合语境，故选F。 18．根据“The Beijing Winter Olympic Games have also encouraged a great number of young people to take part in winter sports.”可知北京冬奥会鼓励了大量的年轻人参加冬季运动，选项B“18-30岁的年轻运动员的数量已经增加。”符合语境，故选B。 E Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC (中共全国代表大会), Xi has highlighted (强调) the role of teenagers in the country. Take education as an example. In some families of our country, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older. Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes to make their kids better compete in life. However, doctors said too much pressure is not good for a child’s development. So the double-reduction policy (双减政策) came out in July 2021. It helped bring less pressure on primary and middle school students. As a result, more than 90 percent of students can finish their homework in time. Our’country has also played a key role in improving the physical health of students. Since the nutrition (营养) improvement plan came out 10 years ago, more primary and middle school students in the countryside have been able to enjoy nutritious meals (营养餐) at school. 19．When did Xi highlight the role of teenagers? A．In 2020. B．In July 2021. C．In the 18th National Congress of the CPC． 20．What won’t mothers do to make their kids better compete in life? A．Send their kids to learn to swim. B．Send their kids to learn English. C．Send their kids to relax. 21．What’s the purpose of the double-reduction policy? A．Bring less pressure on school students. B．Make teenagers better compete in life. C．Improve the life of teachers. 22．How does our country improve the physical health of students? A．Make a nutrition improvement plan.B．Set up more restaurants. C．Give out notices. 23．Where students can enjoy nutritious meals? A．Students in the city. B．Students in the countryside. C．Students in the south. 【答案】19．C 20．C 21．A 22．A 23．B 【知识点】新闻报道、政治/政策、教育 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了自十八大以来，总书记强调了青少年在国家发展中的重要作用，并以教育为例介绍了国家出台的相关政策，说明国家密切关注青少年的健康成长。 19．细节理解题。根据第一段“Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Xi has highlighted the role of teenagers in the country.”可知，总书记自十八大以来强调了青少年的作用。故选C。 20．推理判断题。根据第二段“Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes to make their kids better compete in life.”可知，母亲让孩子们参加各种培训班，以期提高成绩，是为了让孩子们在生活中更好地竞争，而不是让他们的孩子去放松一下。故选C。 21．细节理解题。根据第三段“So the double-reduction policy came out in July 2021. It helped bring less pressure on primary and middle school students.”可知，“双减”政策的目的是减轻学生的压力。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Since the nutrition improvement plan came out 10 years ago, more primary and middle school students in the countryside have been able to enjoy nutritious meals at school.”可知，我们国家制定营养改善计划提高学生的身体健康。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Since the nutrition improvement plan came out 10 years ago, more primary and middle school students in the countryside have been able to enjoy nutritious meals at school.”可知，在农村的学生可以享受营养餐。故选B。 二、任务型阅读 A 阅读下面材料，从所给的A—E五个选项中选出正确选项（其中一项是多余选项）， Street stalls (摊位) are making a comeback in China after the government announced (宣布) its support in street stalls to the public. 1.________ Chengdu has set up at least 36, 000 street stalls since the end of May. Changchun reported that it would encourage and support the opening of night markets. Yichang in Hubei Province has allowed stores to set up roadside stalls. In fact, street stalls are not new in China. 2.________ Later, to have a more beautiful environment, many cities made strict rules over street stalls. So there were fewer and fewer street stalls. Now, thanks to the government’s support, street stalls have returned. 3.________ There are new rules for the return of street stalls. For example, people in Chengdu can only set up street stalls in special areas so that they would not affect traffic. 4.________ There are also new types of street stalls. In a night market called “Anyi Night Market” in Shanghai, there are not only food sellers, but also designers and artists selling their own works. Street stalls are welcomed by the public. A．Many cities have set an example. B．Setting up street stalls is a good chance to make money. C． What’s more, sellers can’t leave rubbish on the ground. D．But they are not the same as they were many years ago. E. Years ago, they were everywhere from towns to cities across the country. 24． 25． 26． 27． 28．Why do you think street stalls are welcomed by the public? (answer with no more than 15 words) 【答案】24．A 25．E 26．D 27．C 28．It offers a wide variety of goods and is affordable for consumers. 【知识点】政治/政策、说明文、市场与经济 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国街头摊位在政府支持下重新流行，并介绍了新的摊位规定和类型，公众对此表示欢迎。 24．原文提到“Chengdu has set up at least 36,000 street stalls since the end of May. Changchun reported that it would encourage and support the opening of night markets. Yichang in Hubei Province has allowed stores to set up roadside stalls.”表明成都、长春、宜昌等城市在街头摊位方面有了积极举措。设空处应是对这些城市做法的总结，选项A“许多城市都树立了榜样。”符合语境，故选A。 25．文中指出“street stalls are not new in China”且后文提到后来因环境等因素摊位减少，设空处应是描述摊位以前的情况。选项E“多年前，它们遍布全国各地，从城镇到城市。”符合语境，故选E。 26．由“There are new rules for the return of street stalls.”可知，摊位回归有了新规则，设空处应是说明现在摊位与以前的不同。选项D“但它们和许多年前不一样了。”符合语境，故选D。 27．前文提及“people in Chengdu can only set up street stalls in special areas so that they would not affect traffic.”讲述了成都摆摊的区域限制等规定，设空处应是进一步说明其他相关规定。选项C“更重要的是，卖家不能把垃圾扔在地上。”符合语境，故选C。 28．本题为开放性问题，可从商品多样、消费亲民、氛围热闹等方面回答，如“提供了多样商品且消费亲民”等，答案不唯一，合理即可。故填It offers a wide variety of goods and is affordable for consumers. B 阅读下面文本，完成各小题。 When it’s lunchtime, students from Daping Primary School in Majian Town queue up to get meals from their school’s kitchen and return to the classroom to eat. They will enjoy a free meal made up of one serving of meat, two servings of vegetables and hot rice. However, 10 years ago, life was difficult for the children there. According to Tie Yanbiao, a father of four children in Xiji county(县), Ningxia, the improvements in students’ lunches are made thanks to a nutrition improvement plan. (营养改善计划) “____A____ the plan was introduced, students needed to prepare their own lunches,” said Tie. His three elder children usually just took food to school in the morning. Thanks to the nutritious lunch subsidized(资助) by the government, Jiaxin, his 7-year-old daughter, can now enjoy better food at school. The plan covered mostly poor areas. In these places, many schools do not have enough money to build dinning rooms. In rural areas in Guizhou, Qinghai and Gansu, students no longer have to take lunch to school, noted China Daily. More importantly, rural students in China have grown taller and healthier on average over the past ten years, as noted by an evaluation report of the nutrition improvement plan. Ma Youlan has been serving the Daping Primary School ____B____ a cook for 10 years. (C)“I’m doing this for the health and happiness of the students … They tell me that there are different kinds of food at school, better than what they have at home. ”Ma said. 29．根据文章内容，回答下列问题 (1) Can the students from Daping Primary School eat in their school’s kitchen? (2) What will the students in rural areas eat for a free meal? (3) Who is Jiaxin? 30．从文中找出下列句子的同义句: students don’t have to take lunch to school any longer. 31．列举营养改善计划给农村孩子带来的好处。 (1) (2) 32．请在文章空白处填上一个单词，使句意完整。 A．________ B．________ 33．请将文章C处划线句子翻译成汉语。 【答案】29． No. They will enjoy a free meal made up of one serving of meat, two servings of vegetables and hot rice. Tie Yanbiao’s daughter. 30．students no longer have to take lunch to school. 31． Students no longer have to take lunch to school. They have grown taller and healthier. 32．Before；as 33．我这样做是为了学生们的健康和幸福。 【知识点】说明文、政治/政策、计划 【导语】本文介绍了营养改善计划的好处。 29．根据“When it’s lunchtime, students from Daping Primary School in Majian Town queue up to get meals from their school’s kitchen and return to the classroom to eat”可知，大坪小学的学生们排队从学校的厨房取餐，然后回到教室吃饭；根据“They will enjoy a free meal made up of one serving of meat, two servings of vegetables and hot rice.”可知，他们将享受由一份肉、两份蔬菜和热饭组成的免费餐食；根据“According to Tie Yanbiao, a father of four children in Xiji county...Thanks to the nutritious lunch subsidized by the government, Jiaxin, his 7-year-old daughter”可知，嘉欣是铁言表的女儿。故填No；They will enjoy a free meal made up of one serving of meat, two servings of vegetables and hot rice；Tie Yanbiao’s daughter. 30．根据“In rural areas in Guizhou, Qinghai and Gansu, students no longer have to take lunch to school, noted China Daily.”可知，《中国日报》指出，在贵州、青海和甘肃的农村地区，学生们不再需要带午饭上学。“not...any longer”与“no longer”同义，所以“students don’t have to take lunch to school any longer.”的同义句是“students no longer have to take lunch to school.”。故填students no longer have to take lunch to school. 31．根据“students no longer have to take lunch to school”以及“More importantly, rural students in China have grown taller and healthier on average over the past ten years, as noted by an evaluation report of the nutrition improvement plan.”可知，学生们不再需要带午餐上学以及中国农村学生在过去十年中平均都长得更高、更健康，这是营养改善计划的好处。故填Students no longer have to take lunch to school；They have grown taller and healthier. 32．第一空根据“students no longer have to take lunch to school”可知，在营养改善计划出台之前，学生们需要自己准备午餐，before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句；第二空根据“Ma Youlan has been serving the Daping Primary School...a cook for 10 years.”可知，他在大坪小学担任厨师10年了，serve as意为“担任，充当”。故填Before；as。 33．I’m doing this“我做这个”；for“为了”；the health and happiness of the students“孩子们的健康和幸福”。故填：我这样做是为了学生们的健康和幸福。 三、短文填空 A 根据短文内容和首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使其意思完整。 China’s retirement (退休) age, set in the 1950s, should have been raised long time ago because of many reasons. Recently, the government has d 34 to gradually raise its official retirement age over the next 15 years, starting in 2025. The retirement age for men will increase from 60 to 63, w 35 for women, it will rise between 55 and 58. This change is a way to s 36 the problem of an aging society. The plan allows people to choose when to retire within certain limits. For example, people can retire up to three years e 37 or later than the new retirement age, which depends on their p 38 situations. The goal of the reform (改革) is not only to improve the availability (可用性) of workers but a 39 to support the development of skills and talents in China. Even with these changes, the reform faces challenges, i 40 worrying about its influence on youth employments (就业). And more m 41 are needed to help older workers who may have trouble f 42 new jobs. The plan also points out the i 43 of improving the pension (养老金) system and elder care services (服务) to meet the needs of an aging society. 【答案】 34．(d)ecided 35．(w)hile 36．(s)olve 37．(e)arlier 38．(p)ersonal 39．(a)lso 40．(i)ncluding 41．(m)ethods 42．(f)inding 43．(i)mportance 【知识点】社会发展、政治/政策 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国政府决定延迟退休年龄这一新闻事件。 34．句意：最近，政府决定从2025年开始，在未来15年内逐步提高官方退休年龄。根据“...the government has...to gradually raise its official retirement age...”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是政府决定提高官方退休年龄。decide“决定”，动词。再结合本句“has”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，用decide的过去分词形式decided。故填(d)ecided。 35．句意：男性的退休年龄将从60岁提高到63岁，而女性的退休年龄将从55岁提高到58岁。根据“The retirement age for men will increase from 60 to 63,...for women, it will rise between 55 and 58.”及首字母提示可知，空处前后分别为男性和女性退休年龄的两种不同变化，因此此处用while表示前后两种情况的对比，表示“然而”。故填(w)hile。 36．句意：这种变化是解决老龄化社会问题的一种方式。根据“This change is a way to...the problem of an aging society.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指解决老龄化问题的一种方法。solve“解决”，此处放在动词不定式to后面，用动词原形。故填(s)olve。 37．句意：例如，人们可以比新的退休年龄提前或推迟三年退休，这取决于他们的个人情况。根据“... three years...or later than the new retirement age”及首字母提示可知，此处是指比新的退休年龄早或晚三年。early“早的”；根据“later than”可知，此处也是比较级，early的比较级形式为earlier。故填(e)arlier。 38．句意：例如，人们可以比新的退休年龄提前或推迟三年退休，这取决于他们的个人情况。根据“...which depends on their...situations”及首字母提示可知，此处是指取决于个人情况。personal“个人的”，作定语。故填(p)ersonal。 39．句意：改革的目标不仅是提高工人的可用性，也是为了支持中国技能和人才的发展。根据“The goal of the reform (改革) is not only to...but...to”及首字母提示，可知此处是固定短语“not only...but also...”意为“不但……而且……”。故填(a)lso。 40．句意：即使有这些变化，改革也面临挑战，包括担心它对年轻人就业的影响。根据“... worrying about its influence on youth employments (就业).”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“包括”，including表示“包括”。故填(i)ncluding。 41．句意：还需要更多的方法来帮助那些可能难以找到新工作的老年工人。根据前文“This change is a way to...”可推知，此处是指还需要更多的方法来帮助解决就业问题；再结合首字母m，可知此处用method，表示“方法”；再根据本句中“are”，可知此处用method的复数形式。故填(m)ethods。 42．句意：还需要更多的方法来帮助那些可能难以找到新工作的老年工人。根据“...to help older workers who may have trouble...new jobs.”及首字母提示，可知，此处是指帮助那些找新工作有困难的年龄更大些的工人。find表示“找到”；再根据have trouble doing sth意为“做某事有困难”，因此find需用其动名词形式，即finding。故填(f)inding。 43．句意：该计划还指出了改善养老金制度和老年人护理服务以满足老龄化社会需求的重要性。根据“...points out the...of improving the pension (养老金) system and elder care services...”及首字母提示可知，此处是指改善养老金制度和老年人护理服务以满足老龄化社会需求的重要性。importance表示“重要性”。故填(i)mportance。 B Fill in blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给) China’s retirement (退休) age, set in the 1950s, should have been raised long time ago because of many reasons. R 44 , the government has decided to gradually raise its official retirement age over the next 15 years, starting in 2025. The retirement age for men will increase from 60 to 63, while for women, it will rise between 55 and 58. This change is a s 45 to the problem of an aging population. The plan focuses on a 46 people to choose when to retire within certain limits. For example, people can retire up to three years earlier or later than the new retirement age, which depends on the agreements with their employers and their p 47 situations like health condition or family needs. The a 48 of the reform (改革) is not only to improve the availability (可用性) of workers but also to support the development of skills and talents in China. Even with these changes, the reform faces challenges, i 49 being anxious about its influence on youth employment (就业). And the supporting measures are needed to help older workers who may have t 50 finding new jobs. The plan also points out the importance of improving the pension (养老金) system and elder care services to meet the needs of an aging society. 【答案】44．(R)ecently 45．(s)olution 46．(a)llowing 47．(p)ersonal 48．(a)im 49．(i)ncluding 50．(t)rouble 【知识点】社会发展、政治/政策 【导语】本文介绍了政府决定延迟退休年龄这一新闻事件。 44．句意：最近，政府决定从2025年开始，在未来15年内逐步提高官方退休年龄。根据首字母提示，此处用Recently表示“最近”。故填(R)ecently。 45．句意：这一变化是人口老龄化问题的解决方案。根据“to the problem of an aging population.”以及首字母提示，此处指的是人口老龄化问题的解决方案，solution表示“解决方案”，此处指的延迟退休年龄这一解决方案。故填(s)olution。 46．句意：该计划的重点是允许人们在一定范围内选择何时退休。根据“people to choose when to retire within certain limits.”以及首字母提示，此处填入“allowing”表示“允许”。 此处指的允许人们选择何时退休，介词on后接动名词。故填(a)llowing。 47．句意：例如，人们可以比新的退休年龄提前或推迟三年退休，这取决于与雇主的协议以及他们的个人情况，如健康状况或家庭需求。根据“situations like health condition or family needs.”以及首字母提示，此处指的是个人情况。“personal”表示“个人的”，作定语。故填(p)ersonal。 48．句意：改革的目的不仅是提高工人的可用性，而且是支持中国技能和人才的发展。根据“of the reform (改革)”以及首字母提示，此处指的是目标，“aim”表示“目标”，此处指的这次改革的目标。故填(a)im。 49．句意：即使有这些变化，改革也面临着挑战，包括担心其对青年就业的影响。根据“being anxious about its influence on youth employment (就业).”以及首字母提示，此处指的是“包括”，including表示“包括”。 故填(i)ncluding。 50．句意：需要采取支持措施来帮助可能难以找到新工作的老年工人。根据“who may have…finding new jobs”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示有“困难”，“trouble”表示“困难”，have trouble doing sth“做某事有困难”。故填(t)rouble。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 51 美总统选举、国家青年营养计划、地摊经济、国家海军招飞 特朗普2.0来了 国家青少年营养餐计划 一、阅读理解 A Donald Trump won the 2024 US presidential election! According to the media, Trump received at least 270 electoral votes, which is more than half of the 538 votes needed to win. Trump’s victory was supported by a strong base of voters who admired his economic policies, such as tax cuts and job creation, and his tough attitude on immigration. Do you know electoral system (选举制度) in the United States? In the US, people don’t directly vote for the President. Instead, they vote for “electors” who represent their state, which called the “Electoral College” (选举人团制度). Each state has a certain number of electors, based on how many senators and representatives it has in Congress. There are 538 electors in total. To become President, a candidate (候选人)needs to win more than half of these electors’ votes, which is 270 votes. Most states have a “winner-takes-all” rule. This means the candidate who gets the most votes in that state wins all of its electors. Before the election, each party holds primaries to choose their candidate. People vote in these primaries to say who they want to represent their party. Then, the candidates from the two main parties, Democrats and Republicans, campaign (竞选) across the country. They tell people why they should be President. On Election Day, people go to polling places to vote. Some states also allow early voting or mail-in voting. After all the votes are counted, we know who the electors will vote for. Then, in January, the electors meet and cast their votes for President. The person who gets the most elector votes becomes the President. They take office on January 20th, the day after Inauguration Day (美国总统就职日), and promise to follow the Constitution. This system has been used in the US since the18th century to make sure every state’s voice is heard in choosing the President. 1．How many electoral votes are needed to win the US presidential election? A．250. B．260. C．270. D．280. 2．What is the “winner-takes-all” rule in most US states? A．The candidate with the most votes nationwide wins all the electors. B．Each candidate gets some electors based on their votes. C．The candidate who gets the most votes in a state wins all of its electors. D．All candidates share the electors equally. 3．Which of the following statements is NOT true? A．People directly vote for the President. B．The “Electoral College” system is used. C．There are 538 electors in total. D．People go to polling places to vote on Election Day. 4．Which is the correct order of the US presidential election process? ①The electors meet and cast their votes for President. ②People go to polling places to vote. ③Each party holds primaries to choose their candidate. ④The candidates campaign across the country. A．②①④③ B．③④②① C．①④②③ D．④③②① 5．What is the main purpose of the US electoral system? A．To make the election process faster. B．To reduce the cost of elections. C．To be sure that every state’s voice is heard. D．To increase the number of voters. B For teenagers who want to join the army and also dream of being a pilot, here comes a great choice. The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy (中国人民解放军海军) started selecting (选拔) students from middle schools in 14 provincial-level for its teen pilot program. There are nearly 4, 500 qualified applicants (合格的申请者). According to the Navy, applicants for this year’s teen pilot program should be born between Aug31, 2006 and Aug 31, 2009; have a height between 162 and 181centimeters; and be neither too thin nor overweight. They must be free of certain diseases, and their blood pressure and vision (视力)must meet the Navy’s standards for its pilots. If applicants pass all rounds of selection, they will go to a cooperating (合作) high school in each of the 14 regions for the three-year program. They will take classes and receive training in naval (海军的) and flight knowledge. After three years, those who pass the necessary tests can go to naval aviation academies (航空院校) or some of China’s top universities including Peking University and Tsinghua University. These universities work with the Navy for pilot training. The program, which started in 2015, is set to attract students who are interested in aviation and are fit for military (军事的) flight. It’s to build a talent pool for the Navy. The Chinese Navy is doing its best to meet the needs of aircraft carrier (航空母舰) development. This way of selection can help find potential (潜在的) pilots for specific (特定的) training as early as possible and strengthen the cultivation (培养) of young talents. 6．What things are mainly considered in the selection process? A．Health, age, weight and height. B．Family background, age, and height. C．School, age, health and family background. D．Age, blood type and weight. 7．What do students do before they can go to naval aviation academies? A．Take classes in their middle school. B．Fly as a pilot for more than three years. C．Study in China’s top universities. D．Get specific training for three years. 8．What’s the purpose of the program? A．To find and train talented pilots from a young age. B．To help high school students learn about future choices. C．To make more people interested in aviation. D．To help the Chinese Navy build new aircraft carriers. 9．What’s the best title for this article? A．A special high school for Chinese teenagers B．PLA Navy is looking for young pilots C．PLA Navy is working with China’s top universities D．How to take part in the teen pilot program C According to the Ministry of Education (教育部), thanks to a nutrition (营养) improvement plan providing daily nutritious lunches to rural (农村) primary and middle school students, rural students in China have grown taller and stronger on average (平均) over the past ten years. Based on surveys of students in some 700 counties (县) during the past 10 years, here are the survey results. 13-year-old boys have seen the most growth in height and weight, with an average height of 7.5 centimeters taller and an average added weight of 6.6 kilograms. 12-year-old girl students who experienced the most growth had added an average of 6.3 cm in height and 5.8 kg in weight. The survey found the growth retardation rate (生长发育迟缓率) of students aged 6 to 15 dropped to 2.3 percent. While the obesity rate of rural students reached 18.7 percent last year, it was 7.8 percentage points lower than the national average. But some students are still overweight. The surveys also found that rural students have more chances to get meat, vegetables and milk products, and more schools have built their own canteens (食堂). Li Ming is the principal of Daping Primary School in Ningxia. He said that in the past there was no canteen in the school and it was not very convenient for students to have lunch. Since 10 years ago, students have been able to enjoy nutritious meals at school and as a result they have grown taller and healthier. At the No.11 Primary School in Tongren City, Guizhou Province, the school canteen displays daily lunch menus, which include three dishes, a soup, a piece of fruit and milk. The province has started its nutrition improvement plan to make sure students can eat healthier and more nutritious meals at school. 10．In the past ten years, what has made rural students grow taller and stronger? A．Enough exercise. B．Studying really hard. C．Daily nutritious meals. 11．What does the 2nd paragraph mainly talk about? A．The results of the surveys.B．Ways of doing surveys. C．The importance of surveys. 12．What do the underlined words “the obesity rate” mean in Chinese? A．入学率 B．肥胖率 C．身高增长率 13．In the last two paragraphs, how does the writer show the nutrition improvement? A．By giving reasons. B．By listing numbers. C．By taking two schools as examples. D If the youth are wise, the country will be wise. 14 On Oct.16,2022, President Xi brought out an important report at the opening session of the 20th National Congress of the CPC（中国共产党第二十次代表大会开幕会）. He said that the work caring for young people is of great importance. In the past 10 years, the Party and the government have paid close attention to caring for young people in different areas, such as innovation（创新）, education and jobs. 15 Take education as an example. By 2020, the government had offered over 240 billion yuan to help nearly 150 million students get a better education. The double-reduction policy（双减政策） came out in July 2021. 16 As a result, more than 90% of students can finish their written homework in the set time. 17 Since the nutrition improvement plan（营养改善计划） came out 10 years ago, more rural primary and middle school students have been able to enjoy delicious meals at school. The Beijing Winter Olympic Games have also encouraged a great number of young people to take part in winter sports. 18 They created the best results in the history of the Winter Olympics. Although the Beijing Winter Olympic Games ended, the Olympic spirit is always young. A．It has helped lower students’ learning stress. B．The number of young players aged 18-30 has increased. C．After ten years of efforts, we have made some proud achievements in these areas. D．If the youth are strong, the country will be strong. E．You’d better make a plan before doing your homework. F．The government has also played a key role in improving the physical health of young people. G．Nothing can stop you from achieving your dream. E Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC (中共全国代表大会), Xi has highlighted (强调) the role of teenagers in the country. Take education as an example. In some families of our country, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older. Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes to make their kids better compete in life. However, doctors said too much pressure is not good for a child’s development. So the double-reduction policy (双减政策) came out in July 2021. It helped bring less pressure on primary and middle school students. As a result, more than 90 percent of students can finish their homework in time. Our’country has also played a key role in improving the physical health of students. Since the nutrition (营养) improvement plan came out 10 years ago, more primary and middle school students in the countryside have been able to enjoy nutritious meals (营养餐) at school. 19．When did Xi highlight the role of teenagers? A．In 2020. B．In July 2021. C．In the 18th National Congress of the CPC． 20．What won’t mothers do to make their kids better compete in life? A．Send their kids to learn to swim. B．Send their kids to learn English. C．Send their kids to relax. 21．What’s the purpose of the double-reduction policy? A．Bring less pressure on school students. B．Make teenagers better compete in life. C．Improve the life of teachers. 22．How does our country improve the physical health of students? A．Make a nutrition improvement plan.B．Set up more restaurants. C．Give out notices. 23．Where students can enjoy nutritious meals? A．Students in the city. B．Students in the countryside. C．Students in the south. 二、任务型阅读 A 阅读下面材料，从所给的A—E五个选项中选出正确选项（其中一项是多余选项）， Street stalls (摊位) are making a comeback in China after the government announced (宣布) its support in street stalls to the public. 1.________ Chengdu has set up at least 36, 000 street stalls since the end of May. Changchun reported that it would encourage and support the opening of night markets. Yichang in Hubei Province has allowed stores to set up roadside stalls. In fact, street stalls are not new in China. 2.________ Later, to have a more beautiful environment, many cities made strict rules over street stalls. So there were fewer and fewer street stalls. Now, thanks to the government’s support, street stalls have returned. 3.________ There are new rules for the return of street stalls. For example, people in Chengdu can only set up street stalls in special areas so that they would not affect traffic. 4.________ There are also new types of street stalls. In a night market called “Anyi Night Market” in Shanghai, there are not only food sellers, but also designers and artists selling their own works. Street stalls are welcomed by the public. A．Many cities have set an example. B．Setting up street stalls is a good chance to make money. C． What’s more, sellers can’t leave rubbish on the ground. D．But they are not the same as they were many years ago. E. Years ago, they were everywhere from towns to cities across the country. 24． 25． 26． 27． 28．Why do you think street stalls are welcomed by the public? (answer with no more than 15 words) B 阅读下面文本，完成各小题。 When it’s lunchtime, students from Daping Primary School in Majian Town queue up to get meals from their school’s kitchen and return to the classroom to eat. They will enjoy a free meal made up of one serving of meat, two servings of vegetables and hot rice. However, 10 years ago, life was difficult for the children there. According to Tie Yanbiao, a father of four children in Xiji county(县), Ningxia, the improvements in students’ lunches are made thanks to a nutrition improvement plan. (营养改善计划) “____A____ the plan was introduced, students needed to prepare their own lunches,” said Tie. His three elder children usually just took food to school in the morning. Thanks to the nutritious lunch subsidized(资助) by the government, Jiaxin, his 7-year-old daughter, can now enjoy better food at school. The plan covered mostly poor areas. In these places, many schools do not have enough money to build dinning rooms. In rural areas in Guizhou, Qinghai and Gansu, students no longer have to take lunch to school, noted China Daily. More importantly, rural students in China have grown taller and healthier on average over the past ten years, as noted by an evaluation report of the nutrition improvement plan. Ma Youlan has been serving the Daping Primary School ____B____ a cook for 10 years. (C)“I’m doing this for the health and happiness of the students … They tell me that there are different kinds of food at school, better than what they have at home. ”Ma said. 29．根据文章内容，回答下列问题 (1) Can the students from Daping Primary School eat in their school’s kitchen? (2) What will the students in rural areas eat for a free meal? (3) Who is Jiaxin? 30．从文中找出下列句子的同义句: students don’t have to take lunch to school any longer. 31．列举营养改善计划给农村孩子带来的好处。 (1) (2) 32．请在文章空白处填上一个单词，使句意完整。 A．________ B．________ 33．请将文章C处划线句子翻译成汉语。 三、短文填空 A 根据短文内容和首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使其意思完整。 China’s retirement (退休) age, set in the 1950s, should have been raised long time ago because of many reasons. Recently, the government has d 34 to gradually raise its official retirement age over the next 15 years, starting in 2025. The retirement age for men will increase from 60 to 63, w 35 for women, it will rise between 55 and 58. This change is a way to s 36 the problem of an aging society. The plan allows people to choose when to retire within certain limits. For example, people can retire up to three years e 37 or later than the new retirement age, which depends on their p 38 situations. The goal of the reform (改革) is not only to improve the availability (可用性) of workers but a 39 to support the development of skills and talents in China. Even with these changes, the reform faces challenges, i 40 worrying about its influence on youth employments (就业). And more m 41 are needed to help older workers who may have trouble f 42 new jobs. The plan also points out the i 43 of improving the pension (养老金) system and elder care services (服务) to meet the needs of an aging society. B Fill in blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给) China’s retirement (退休) age, set in the 1950s, should have been raised long time ago because of many reasons. R 44 , the government has decided to gradually raise its official retirement age over the next 15 years, starting in 2025. The retirement age for men will increase from 60 to 63, while for women, it will rise between 55 and 58. This change is a s 45 to the problem of an aging population. The plan focuses on a 46 people to choose when to retire within certain limits. For example, people can retire up to three years earlier or later than the new retirement age, which depends on the agreements with their employers and their p 47 situations like health condition or family needs. The a 48 of the reform (改革) is not only to improve the availability (可用性) of workers but also to support the development of skills and talents in China. Even with these changes, the reform faces challenges, i 49 being anxious about its influence on youth employment (就业). And the supporting measures are needed to help older workers who may have t 50 finding new jobs. The plan also points out the importance of improving the pension (养老金) system and elder care services to meet the needs of an aging society. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$