Unit 6 Earth First Vocabulary 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第二册

Words and Expressions Unit 6 Book2 Li Cuiping □ shark n. 鲨(鱼) (C) scare v. 使(某人)惊恐, 吓唬 due to 由于, 因为 * fin v. 切去(鱼的)鳍 n. 鱼鳍 (C) □ dive v. & n. (通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水； 俯冲；暴跌 target v. 把……作为目标 n. 目标；靶子(C) fortunately adv. 幸运地 extinction n. 灭绝, 绝种 (U) attitude n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事 的 一般)看法, 态度 (C) □ devote v. 致力, 献身, 倾注 ocean n. 海洋, 大海 (C) □ highlight v. 使…突出, 使注意力集中于 n . 精彩部分；强光明亮部分 (C) 1. scare v. (使)害怕；受惊吓　 n. 恐惧；惊吓（C或单） scared adj. 感到惊恐的，感到害怕的 (教材P62)People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. 人们一直害怕鲨鱼，而《大白鲨》这部电影使事情更糟。 You can’t scare me into telling you anything! The high price is scaring away/off possible buyers. 价格昂贵，把想买东西的顾客吓跑了。 You scared me out of my mind, coming up behind me suddenly like that. 你这冷不防从背后过来，真把我吓死了。 You really gave us a scare! 练习: ①Those naughty children _________(scare) into telling the truth. 这些调皮的孩子被吓得说了实话。 ②The child was scared __ the fierce looking dog. 这孩子害怕那条外表凶恶的狗。 ③I remember one story that was quite ________ (scare)． 我记得有一个故事很恐怖的。 were scared of scary The boy was scared to cross the street. I want to ask her out but I am scared that she might refuse. I was scared to death at the thought of making a speech before the whole school. 总结scare的相关用法： scare sb. / sth. scare ... away / off 把……吓跑 She moved quietly to avoid scaring the birds away / off.  scared (that) scare v. n. scared adj. scared to do sth scared of (doing) sth. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。 1) It ______________________ (把我吓了一大跳) when the cat jumped on me. 2) They managed to ___________________________ (把熊吓跑). 3) People ______________________________ __________(害怕在深夜乘坐公共汽车). gave me quite a scare scare the bears away / off are scared to take the buses late at night 本课中出现的表示“害怕地”短语： People have been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. It made people frightened of sharks, especially of the great white shark. Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 2. due to 因为，由于；应归于；应给予，欠；预期 (教材P62) This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning. 这不光是由于害怕鲨鱼，还因为切鲨鱼鳍。 ①His successes were largely due to luck. 他的成功主要归因于运气。 ②Have they received the money due to them? 他们收到应给予他们的那些钱了吗？ ③The train is due to leave for Shanghai at 8. 这次列车预计8点出发去上海。 总结：due to sb/ sth/ to do sth 【联想】 “因为，由于” 有关的短语 owing to as a result of because of thanks to due to 翻译句子。 1) The team are due to fly to Italy next month. 2) 由于堵车，他迟到了。 该队预定于下月飞往意大利。 He arrived late due to the traffic jam. 3. target vt. 把……作为目标；瞄准　 n. (C)(想要达到的)目标, 对象；靶子 (教材P63) Sharks don't target humans. 人类不是鲨鱼的进攻目标。 翻译： (1) target sb./sth.　 把……作为目标，攻击某人/某物 (2) achieve one's target 达到目标 aim at a target 瞄准目标 miss the target 没有击中目标，脱靶 on target 可能实现目标 翻译： ①The company has targeted adults as its primary customers. 这家公司将成年人作为其主要顾客。 ②He missed the target only once yesterday. 昨天他只有一次脱靶。 ③We were still right on target for our deadline. 我们仍可能赶在最后期限前达成目标。 (1) target sb./sth.　 把……作为目标，攻击某人/某物 (2) achieve one's target 达到目标 aim at a target 瞄准目标 miss the target 没有击中目标，脱靶 on target 可能实现目标 (射击的)靶子 I had four shots but I didn’t even hit the target. target v. n. 〔攻击的〕目标，对象 〔想要达到的〕目标; 指标 根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。 1) 给自己制定有望达到的目标。 ________ ________ ________ that you can reasonably hope to achieve.  2) 这是一本以单身男士为读者群的新杂志。 This is a new magazine that ________ ________ ________. Set yourself targets targets single men target, goal, object target 指试图达到的目标、指标，通常为以某种方式正式记录的目标，如由雇主或政府委员会等制定；常为具体的数字，如销售量、考试及格率、日期等。 The university will reach its target of 5,000 students next September. goal 指希望达到的目标、目的，通常指长远目标，需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标。 You need to set yourself some long-term goals. object 指目的、目标、宗旨，强调个人或需求而决定的目标、目的 The object is to educate people about road safety. 观察与总结：： change one‘s attitude　　 改变态度 take/have/adopt a/an...attitude 持一种……态度 an attitude to/towards (doing) 对……的一种态度 4. attitude n． (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事 的 一般)看法, 态度 (C) (教材P64) Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage. 用文章中的词汇和短语完成下面对鲨鱼的态度是如何转变的表格。 ①I don't care what attitude you take. 我不管你采取什么态度。 ②He shows a very positive attitude to/towards his work. 他的工作态度非常积极。 ③She has (have) a good attitude towards work；she's always cheerful. 她有良好的工作态度；她总是高高兴兴的。 5. devote vt. 致力，奉献，倾注 devotion n. (教材P65) Now, she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation. 现在，她是一个模特，也是一个致力于海洋保护的表演艺术家。 devote sth/oneself to … 致力于……, 献身于……, 把……倾注于…… devoted adj. 投入的，尽职尽责的；专注于…… 的；忠实的(如粉丝) be devoted to … 致力于……, 献身于……, 专注于…… [名师点津]　 devote是及物动词，常接时间、精力、生命等抽象名词作宾语，而“专用; 奉献”的对象则由介词to引出，to后接名词或动名词。 ①She devoted her life to helping homeless children. 她的一生都在帮助无家可归的孩子们。 ②He devotes himself (he) to his sick wife. 他专心照顾着他生病的妻子。 ③She (devote) to the cause of peace all his life. 她一生致力于和平事业。 ④We' re moved by his (devote) to his students. 他对他学生的热爱使我们感动。 was devoted devotion □ cruelty n. 残忍, 残酷, 残暴 (U/C) □ hunting n. 打猎, 狩猎 (U) □ presentation n. 报告, (观点的)陈述, 说明；呈现，展现；上演 (C) □ reserve n. (野生生物)保护区 (C) ;储备物(C) v. 预定；保留，留出 staff n. 员工 establish v. 建立, 设立 ~ment n. □ damage v. 破损, 损害, 损伤 drought n. 旱灾, 干旱 (U/C) flood n. 洪水, 水灾, 洪水泛滥(U/C)；大量(C) v. □ affect v. 影响 effect n. supply n. 煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统) □ restore v. 使恢复；修复(旧建筑等) □ adopt v. 采取(某种方法)；收养 □ sustainable adj. 可持续的, 不破坏环境的 damage sb.'s property/reputation 损害某人的财产/名誉 do/cause damage to 给……造成损失 damage from 由……引起的损失 6. damage v. 破损；损害；损伤 n. (U) 破损；损害；损伤; (pl) 损害赔偿金 (教材P65) In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland that were damaged by human activity. 最近这些年，我们见到了大片的由人类活动破坏的湿地。 ①Drinking and smoking can damage your health. 饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。 ②The storm did a great deal of damage to the old houses. 暴风雨给旧房屋造成了许多损坏。 ③The factory was damaged greatly from a big fire. 这家工厂因火灾遭受了很大损坏。 7. supply n. 煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)(U)； 供应量(C)；(pl)物资 v. 供应 (教材原句)We’ve also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes, which affect the water supply downstream. Emergency ___________(物资) have been delivering by vehicles to Wuhan to help the locals. The city government will supply us with the paint for the project. Someone supplied the name list to the police. 8. adopt v. 采取；收养 (教材P65) This includes keeping the original environment from being touched, as well as adopting new, sustainable ways of feeding farm animals. 这包括阻止原始环境被触动，还有就是采取新的，可持续发展的饲养家养动物的方法。 (1) adopt an attitude/measures/methods 采取一种态度/措施/方法 (2) adoption n．采用；收养 (3) adoptive adj. 收养的；有收养关系的 (4) adopted adj. 被收养的 ①The schools must adopt new methods of teaching foreign languages. 学校应采用新的外语教学法。 ②She was left an orphan and a poor peasant woman adopted her. 她成了孤儿，一位贫农妇女收养了她。 ③The orphan _______ __into a rich family. 这个孤儿被一个富裕的家庭收养了。 ④The __________(adopt) of the new technology improved the production. 新技术的采用增加了产量。 ⑤Soon the adopted (adopt) child became very fond of her _______________(adopt) parents. 不久这个被收养的孩子非常喜欢她的养生父母。 was adopted adoption adoptive * bulb n. 灯泡 (C) * renewable adj. (能源)可更新的, 可再生的, 可恢复的 carbon n. 碳 (U) greenhouse n. 温室, 暖房 (C) * reusable adj. 可再度使用的, 可多次使用的 brochure n. 小册子 (C) reduce v. 减少, 降低 reduction n. (C/U) □ solar adj. 利用太阳光(能)的 □ release v. & n. 释放, 排放；发布，发行 smog n. 烟雾, 雾霾 (C/U) □ fog n. 雾 (C/U) foggy adj. □ severe adj. (问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的；严厉苛刻的；严峻的，艰难的 □ infection n. 某种感染, 传染病 (C)；感染,传染 (U) infect v. lecture n. (尤指大学里的)讲座讲课, 演讲 (C); 长篇说教， 训斥(C) 9. reduce v. 减少, 降低 reduction n. (C/U) (教材原句) Reduce waste by choosing reusable products. The helmet law should _______(减少) injuries in accidents. The price of the shirts ____________(减少) from 80 yuan to 40 yuan, so the price was reduced by 50%. Eventually he was reduced to begging on the streets. The earthquake reduced the city to rubble(废墟). reduce sb/sth to … 使某人/某物沦为…… infection n. 感染, 传染病 (C)；传染性 (U) (教材原句)Smog can be dangerous because it cause severe breathing problems and infections. infect v. 感染,传染(某人或物) infectious adj. 传染的，具有传染性的；有感染力的 观察与总结: 1)Some people with the novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒) may feel well, but they can still infect others, as this virus is highly infectious. However, we have full confidence that China has the capacity(能力) to win the fight against this epidemic(疫情). 2)Eggs that are infected with salmonella(沙门氏菌) are not allowed to go on sale. 3)Her enthusiasm soon infected the rest of the team. permission n. 允许, 许可(U) permit v. n. slide n. 幻灯片(C)；滑动，滑行(U)；下滑，下跌(多sl) majority n. 多数, 大多数(人或物)；多数票 □ false adj. 不正确的,错误的；假的, 不实的；伪造的 amount n. 数量, 数额 (C) □ device n. 设备,仪器,装置 (C) * stand-by adj. 备用的；待命的 □ mode n. (机器、设备的)运行方式, 状态, 模式 (C) electricity n. 电 (U) □ leak v. (使)漏, (使)渗漏；泄露，走漏(消息等) / n. 泄漏，泄露；裂缝 (C) * appliance n. 家用电器, 家用器具 (C) remove v. 移走, 搬走, 去掉；清除，除掉；脱掉；开除 □ plug n. (电)插头 (C) take… into account 把……考虑进去 * litre n. 升, 公升 (C) 10. permission n. 许可；允许；同意 (U) (教材P67)A polite interruption is usually framed as a request for permission to interrupt someone, often starting with If...May I...? 礼貌的打断方式通常表达为一种许可打断的请求，通常以“If...May I...？”开头。 (1) ask for permission　 请求允许 with/without one's permission 经/未经某人许可 (2) permit v. 允许，许可，准许 　 n. 许可证(C) permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 be permitted to do sth 被允许做某事 permit doing 允许做…… permit sb. into 允许进入 ①You must ask for permission if you want to leave early. 如果你想早走的话，必须得到允许。 ②They entered the area without permission. 他们未经许可擅入该地。 ③We carry this essay with his permission. 我们发表此文得到他的同意。 ④She permitted me ______________(borrow) the book. 她允许我借那本书。 ⑤Children ___________________into the cinema without their parents. 没有家长带领，孩子不准进入电影院。 to borrow are not permitted 11. majority n. 多数, 大多数(人或物)；多数票 The ___________（大多数）of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. The government gained only a narrow ___________(多数票). 12. amount n．数量，数额(C) (教材P68)However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一个纸袋消耗的能源是制造一个塑料袋消耗的能源的四倍，消耗的水也多达三倍。 (1) “a huge/large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数 “huge/large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数 (2) 常见的数量修饰词分类： (2) 常见的数量修饰词分类： ① many, a good/great many, a good/large number of等修饰可数名词复数； ② much, a good/great deal of, a large/huge amount of, large/huge amounts of等修饰不可数名词； ③ a lot of, lots of, a quantity of, quantities of, plenty of等既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词。 ①A good amount of sleep every night _________(be) important for your health. 每晚大量的睡眠对你的健康很重要。 ②Large amounts of water ___________(need) for cooling purpose. 要达到降温的目的需要大量的水。 ③For example, there ________(be) huge quantities of reference books which I am often confused to choose from. 例如，有大量的参考书可选择，我常常感到困惑。 are needed are is amount n. 数量，数额 “a large / considerate / ... amount of +不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式； “amounts of +不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。 eg A large amount of damage was done in a very short time. Small amounts of land were used for keeping animals. amount v. 总计，共达，常与介词to搭配。eg His debts amount to more than 200,000 dollars. 13. take...into account 把……考虑进去 (教材P69)In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport. 有时，本地产品可能比远路的产品消耗了更多的能源，制造了更多的温室气体——就算是考虑上它的运输成本。 拓展account 短语： (1) take sth. into account/consideration ＝take account of sth.　 把……考虑进去，对某事加以考虑 on account of (＝because of) 因为，由于 on no account (＝in no way) 决不 give an account of 报告；叙述，说明，描述 (2) account for 解释，说明；占……(比例) ①A good architect takes into account the building's surroundings. 一位好的建筑师会考虑到建筑物周围的环境。 ②Lynne gave us a detailed account _______her plan. 琳娜详细地给我们讲述了她的计划。 ③ _______no account can we ignore the value of knowledge, as well as practical experience. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值，以及实际的经验。 ④Why did you do it ? Was it on account __what I said yesterday? 你为什么那么做？难道是由于昨天我说的那些话？ ⑤A number of factors account _______the differences between the two scores. 若干因素导致这两个分数之间的不同。 of On of for [名师点津]　 on no account：“决不”，放在句首时常引起所在单句部分倒装，有类似用法的： by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, under no circumstances, at no time等。 On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge, as well as practical experience. □ campaign n. (宣传)活动 (C) □ urge v. 竭力主张, 强烈要求, 敦促 n. 冲动(C) □ canteen n. (工厂、学校等的)食堂餐厅 (C) concerned adj. 焦急的, 担忧的 contribute v. 促成,造成(某事发生) average adj. 平均(数)的 14. □ urge v. 竭力主张, 强烈要求, 敦促 n. 冲动；迫切要求（C） (教材原句)It (The Clear Your Plate Campaign) urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. 光盘运动通过不浪费餐桌上的任何东西敦促人们节约食物。 观察总结urge的用法： My mother urged me to make a phone call to my brother. He urged that a meeting should be held to discuss the matter. He could not resist the urge to go to see the new film. 15. concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的；关心的， 关 切的；有关的 (教材P71) We are concerned that... 我们担心…… 拓展concern用法： (1) be concerned about/for 为……而关心；挂念 be concerned in ... 牵扯进……; 参与…… be concerned with 与……有关；对…..关切，感兴趣 as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言 (2) concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到，关于 n. 忧虑，担心(U)；关心，关怀(U)； 关注，所关注的事(C/U) show/express one's concern about/for 对……表示关心，担心 (3) concerning prep. 关于…… ①Nowadays people are more concerned _____________the environment where we live. 现在人们更加担心我们居住的环境了。 ②In your last letter, we read stories __________(concern) visitors from your country. 在你上封信里，我们读到了一些关于你国的游客的故事。 ③As/So far as I'm ____________(concern), it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones. 在我看来，不花过多的时间玩手机是明智的。 ④The theory of relativity is concerned _______ two seemingly opposite ideas. 相对论涉及两个似乎相对的想法。 [名师点津]　 concerned作形容词时，意为“关心的；挂念的；担心的”，充当前置定语；表示“相关的；有关的”，作后置定语。 例如：a concerned look “关切的神色”； the authorities concerned “有关的当局”。 about/for concerning concerned with 16. contribute vt/vi. 促成，有助于；捐助；贡献；投稿 (教材P72) Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint. 看下面三个导致碳排放量的物体。 拓展contribute相关用法： (1) contribute to　 促成，导致，有助于……；向……投稿；向……捐赠; 为……做贡献 contribute ...to ... 向……奉献……; 向……捐赠……；向……投稿…… (2) contribution n. 贡献；捐献物；稿件 (C) ; 捐助(U) make contributions/a contribution to ... 为……做贡献 [名师点津]　 contribute to和make a contribution/ contributions to中的to都为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 ①We should contribute to the development of the country. 我们应该为国家的发展做贡献。 ②The scientist was rewarded by the government for having made such a great ______________(contribute) to the country. 这个科学家因为为国家做出了非常大的贡献而被 政府嘉奖。 ③More and more carbon dioxide is being released into the air, ____________(contribute) to the more severe global warming effects. 越来越多的二氧化碳释放到空气中，导致更严重的全球变暖效应。 ④ He is one of the authors ___________(投稿) to the magazine. ⑤ A large amount of money ____________________(捐赠) to the project. contribution contributing contributing was/has been contributed 17. average adj. 平均(数)的 n. 平局数；平均水平 The average cost of making a movie has risen by 15%. The age of the students ranges from 15 to 19 with an average of 17. On _______ men still earn more than women in many countries. 平均而言，在很多国家男人仍然比女人挣得多。 Good Bye! $$