2025年中考英语二轮语法复习课件：构词法

构词法 英语的主要构词法有派生法、转化法、合成法等。 考点1 派生词 1. 前缀 意义 前缀 例词 表示否定 dis­ disappear 消失 disagree 不同意 il­ illegal 不合法的 illogical 不合逻辑的 im­ impossible 不可能的 impolite 无礼的 意义 前缀 例词 表示否定 in­ incorrect 不正确的 independent 独立的 ir­ irregular 不规则的 irresponsible 不负责任的 mis­ mistake 弄错 misunderstanding 误解 un­ unnecessary 不必要的 unfair 不公平的 表示重复 re­ rewrite 重写 rebuild 重建 表示“使” en­ enable 使能够 enrich 使丰富 表示“相互” inter­ Internet 互联网 international 国际的 表示“远程通信” tele­ television 电视 telephone 电话 2. 构成名词的后缀 后缀 例词 后缀 例词 ­er farmer/stranger ­hood childhood/neighborhood ­or director/inventor ­ment achievement/development ­ess actress/waitress ­al arrival/refusal ­ist artist/scientist ­ion/­sion/­ation/­ition education/decision/invitation/competition 后缀 例词 后缀 例词 ­ian physician/musician ­ing building/meeting ­ese Chinese/Japanese ­ity electricity/activity ­an American/European ­ance/­ence appearance/difference ­th truth/youth ­dom freedom/kingdom ­y difficulty/discovery ­ness kindness/illness ­ship friendship/leadership 3. 构成动词的后缀 后缀 例词 ­en 　　　　 　widen　　 　weaken ­fy 　　　　 　beautify　　 simplify ­ize/­ise 　　　　 　realize　　　modernize 4. 构成形容词的后缀 后缀 例词 ­able/­ible comfortable　responsible ­al cultural　musical ­ic/­ical scientific　historical ­ish foolish　childish ­ful careful　thankful ­less homeless　endless ­ly friendly　lively 后缀 例词 ­en wooden　golden ­ern northern　western ­y snowy　lucky ­ous/ious famous　serious ­ant/­ent pleasant　excellent ­ive active　expensive ­ed excited　pleased ­ing interesting　surprising 5. 构成副词的后缀 后缀 例词 ­ly quickly　suddenly ­ward eastward　forward 考点2 合成词 合成法 例词 合成动词 sleep­walk 合成名词 weekend　bookshop　earthquake 合成形容词 hard­working　well­known 合成代词 himself　everything 合成副词 hotfoot　however 合成介词 outside　without　within 考点3 转化词 英语中，有的动词可以转化成名词，有的形容词可以转化成副词，这种词形不变而词性发生变化词叫做转化词。 He is papering the bedroom walls. Let’s go out for a walk. 一、单项选择 1. Tom is ____ boy from the UK. A. a thirteen year old B. a thirteen­year­old C. an thirteen­years­old D. an thirteen years old 2. If you want to know the exact ____ of the word, you’d better look it up in a dictionary. A. mean B. meaningful C. meaning D. meaningless 3. —What a nice day! —Shall we have ____ bicycle trip to Xishan Hill. A. a two­hours B. two hour’s C. a two­hour D. two hours 4. Canada is mainly an ____ country. A. English­speaking B. speak­English C. spoken­English D. English­spoken 5. An adult panda ____ 100—150 kilograms. That is to say, its ____ is 100—150 kilograms. A. weight; weight B. weighs; weighs C. weight; weigh D. weighs; weight 6. This wall is ____. That is to say, it is a ____ wall. A. five metre long; five metres long B. five­metres long; five­metre long C. five metres long; five­metre­long D. five­metre long; five­metres­long 7. During the Mid­Autumn Festival, we all ____ to get together with our family members. A. have three days’ off B. have three day’s holiday C. have three days off D. have three­day holiday 8. Mr. Black is an ____ in the army, not an ____ in the government. You can not easily find him in his ____. A. official; officer; office B. officer; office; official C. official; official; official D. officer; official; office 9. We have to learn ____ technology from other countries. A. advance B. advancing C. advantage D. advanced 10. The child looked at me ____. A. stranger B. strangely C. strange D. strangeness 二、词汇运用 1. [2024·无锡二模]In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or ______ (simple) breathe the fresh air. 2. [2024·无锡一模]Don’t eat too much at a time, or you’ll feel _____________ (comfortable) . 3. [2024·武威二模]Reading aloud is _______ (help) to the students who want to improve their English. simply uncomfortable helpful 4. [2024·泰州一模]Before Giant Panda Fu Bao returned to China, thousands of _______ (tour) came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao. 5. [2024·泰州一模]The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “__________” (possible) . 6. [2024·上海二模]Experience is a wealth of knowledge and a symbol of _______ (wise) . tourists impossible wisdom 7. [2024·上海二模]People in that city prepared to _______ (build) their houses after the terrible flood. 8. I am sure she failed in the competition because of the ________ (happy) look on her face. 9. No one was willing to help the old man and he felt _______ (help) . 10. The boy _________ (careless) put the cup on the table and it fell down. rebuild unhappy helpless carelessly 11. The __________ (compete) never dreamed of having a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100­meter race. 12. In our class, some of the classmates ______ (like) Peter only because he gets angry easily and they even don’t know why. 13. With the money, we have ___________ (success) sent many poor children to school. competitor dislike successfully 14. It’s very kind of you to help me with my English with great ________ (patient) . 15. Poor little girl! It is ______ (fair) for her to suffer so much. Let’s give her a hand. 16. If we don’t take action to protect the forests, they will soon _________ (appear) . 17. Li Jun was _______ (lucky) because his car broke down yesterday. patience unfair disappear unlucky 18. You should take an active part in the _________ (discuss) . 19. Three quarters of __________ (America) say they save money for travel more than any other reason. 20. Because of the wolf, everyone in the town is feeling ______ (easy) . 21. He wrote lots of ________ (science) books for young people. 22. It’s hard for kangaroos to walk backwards because of the _______ (usual) shape of their legs. discussion Americans uneasy scientific unusual 23. To our __________ (excited) , our school team won the basketball match again this time! 24. It is not surprising that dogs can express themselves ______ (clear) and honestly. 25. The teacher announced an __________ (expected) result that everyone couldn’t believe. excitement clearly unexpected $$