阅读理解：说明文（4选）专项练-2025年初中英语一轮中考备考

阅读理解 Chinese culture has great attraction for people both at home and abroad. We have seen many people from around the world express their love for Chinese culture in different forms. A growing number of foreigners have even chosen to live in China for its culture. Interested in Chinese classical literature, Canadian artist Brandon Collins-Green or Lin Buran in Chinese expresses his understanding of A Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin and Chinese poems through thousands of paintings. Often painting throughout the night, he has created more than 4,200 works. Living alone in the center of Nanchang, he has come a long way since he first came here in 2015 to study ancient Chinese literature. Brandon loves learning about the lifestyle of ancient Chinese people. “So far, I have read the novel three times, translated most of its poems, songs, lantern riddles (谜语), and dialogues into English, and completed over 1 million words of articles and 2,000 related paintings during my PhD studies,” said Brandon with pride and satisfaction. Timur Kuvatov, director-general and editor-in-chief of the Kazakhstan Today News Agency, is a Chinese kung fu fan. He has won kung fu championships a lot of times and also served as a coach for the Kazakhstan kung fu team. “Chinese kung fu is a treasure of Chinese culture. It is not just a sport but also reflects the Chinese way of dealing with people, their understanding of life, nature, and the world,” he said. Vincent Cazeneuve, known as Wensen Qi in Chinese, is a French artist devoted to lacquer (漆器) creation. He came to live in Chongqing in 2009. His works have been shown in art institutions both in and outside of China, and his fans have even collected some of them. What is the charm of Chinese culture that attracts these people? It lies in its richness and openness. Also its cultural background differences make foreigners curious about the lifestyles, way of thinking, and values of the country. 1．What has Brandon done to express his love for Chinese culture? A．He has created many famous Chinese poems. B．He has decided to move to China with his friends. C．He has written thousands of Chinese lantern riddles. D．He has translated part of Cao Xueqin’s novel into English. 2．As to Chinese culture, what is Timur Kuvatov interested in? A．Kung fu. B．Paintings. C．Literature. D．Lacquer creation. 3．What does the writer express through the stories of Brandon, Timur and Vincent? A．Chinese names are more attractive to foreigners. B．The influence of Chinese art proves greater abroad. C．Chinese culture is getting popular around the world. D．China is an ideal country for people from abroad to live. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．New look of traditional Chinese culture B．Charm of Chinese culture in foreigners’ eyes C．Development of Chinese culture in the West D．Culture differences between the East and West A recent TV series To the Wonder has become China’s breakout TV hit of the year. It has also won praise at a film festival abroad. To the Wonder is based on the award-winning novel of Li Juan, My Altay, and is directed by Teng Congcong. It is very poetic and filled with beautiful wisdom. The TV drama follows the journey of Li Wenxiu. She once wished to leave Altay, an area in Northern Xinjiang. After failing to realize her dream in the capital of Xinjiang, Li has to move back to her hometown and tries to find a new direction for herself. At first, Li finds it hard to understand her neighbours’ traditional way of thinking. Under the influence of her mother Zhang Fengxia, Li starts to see the place and its people in a new light. Later, she comes to understand their lifestyle and respect for nature. Fans describe watching the drama as an experience in the wonderland. “It’s like breathing in fresh air or lying under the sun,” said one fan. “It is a unique drama, very different from the usual Chinese series. A must-watch if you want to discover the beauty of the grassland and life there,” another fan said. “People enjoy the wonderful view of Altay. But the key to the success of the series lies in its ability to connect with the viewers on a human level,” said Teng Congcong. “In the drama, everyone communicates sincerely. Even if I disagree with you, I sincerely respect you. In fact, this is a very important part of human nature—the love for truth, goodness and beauty.” 5．To the Wonder is the name of ______. A．a foreign drama B．a famous film C．a TV series D．a beautiful poem 6．Why does Li Wenxiu come back to Altay? A．To look after her mother. B．To find herself a new direction. C．To help the local people. D．To enjoy its beautiful view. 7．The underlined word “unique” has the closest meaning to ______. A．serious B．common C．special D．strange 8．What is the key to the success of To the Wonder according to Director Teng? A．Its sincere respect for nature. B．The beautiful wisdom of the writer. C．The lifestyle of the local people. D．Its sincere connection with viewers. If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. In our communication with others, the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common. If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath (呼吸) and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don’t say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual (相互的) understanding. Anger is just one of the many emotions (情绪) that make us human, and to well manage it adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 9．What is the final purpose of communication with other people? A．To show different ideas. B．To look for something in common. C．To accept useful suggestions. D．To decide whether one is right or not. 10．What does the writer advise us to do when we can’t cool down? A．Say angry words. B．Try taking a deep breath. C．Control our voices. D．Stop talking with others. 11．What does the underlined word “party” in paragraph 4 mean? A．An activity. B．A visitor. C．A person. D．A meeting. 12．What is the text mainly about? A．How to manage anger. B．How to show feelings. C．How to deal with regrets. D．How to understand the world. China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands (品牌). China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电站). On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 13．How many Chinese-made EVs were sold in China in 2023? A．8.38 million. B．9.49 million. C．9.58 million. D．8.29 million. 14．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China’s EV industry. D．To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 15．EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by ______. A．improving innovation ability B．winning the government’s support C．adding more charging points D．dealing with environmental problems 16．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Worried. On average (平均), firefighters get a fire call every 24 second s in the US. Every 87 seconds, a home fire happens. Just between January 1st, 2019 and January 1st, 2024, there were 11,180 home fire deaths in the country. But the best escape time for a fire is just three minutes or less. So everyone should pay attention to fire safety at home. To avoid starting a fire, we must know common causes. Cooking tools are the number-one cause of home fires. Be especially careful when using them. Never leave the kitchen while cooking and make sure the tools are completely off after cooking. Electrical appliances (电器) can lead to a fire, so check them often to make sure they are working properly. Smoking is another common cause of house fires. It’s never a good idea to smoke indoors, so take a few steps to go out. Last, don’t forget little kids. They usually find fire exciting and think of fire as a toy. So keep them away from fire and teach them about dangers of fire. How can we prevent home fires? The following tips may help. Get smoke alarms The first step is to install (安装) enough smoke alarms through your home. Get one in every room. Prepare fire extinguishers Keep fire extinguishers (灭火器) available at home. They can put out small fires. Check them often to make sure they work properly. Create a plan for escape A good plan should start with two escape ways from every room. Then know how fast your family can run, tell kids when and how to get out, and make a house map with all doors and windows. At last, choose a meeting place outside. And don't forget to practice it often with every family member. You might think that these fire safety tips are common sense. However, it's difficult to think of them especially when you're in a life-and-death moment. Take action with the tips and never take fire safety lightly at home. 17．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking a question. B．By introducing the causes. C．By telling a story. D．By listing some numbers. 18．What cause(s) the most home fires? A．Cooking tools. B．Electrical appliances. C．Smoking indoors. D．Not having smoke alarms. 19．For a good escape plan, what should people do in step 4? CREATE AND PRACTICEAHOME FIRE ESCAPE PLAN A．Talk with every family member B．Teach family members how to call 119 C．Make a house map with all doors and windows D．Think about special needs for older family members 20．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Plans for Escape from Fire. B．Fire Safety at Home. C．Common Sense about Fire. D．Risks in Living Places. What subject do you worry about the most at school? Many students worry about math. Some students can’t sleep well the day before a math exam. Others may feel very nervous during the exam itself. But there might be a way to make the subject less stressful. “For students who are worried about math, posture (姿势) makes a big difference,” Erik Peper, a researcher from a university told Daily Mail. That’s right—sitting up straight can help you do better in math exams. Researchers tested 125 college students. They asked them to do a math exam while sitting in a slumped-over (趴倒的) position, or sitting up straight. After the test, 56% of the students said the exam was easier to do if they were sitting up straight. Slumping over is a defensive (防备的) posture. It can bring out negative (消极的) memories in the body and brain. This can stop you from thinking clearly, Peper said. Students who were not nervous about taking the math exam didn’t necessarily benefit (受益) from better posture. But they did find that doing math in a slumped-over position was more difficult, Science Daily reported. Good posture isn’t just helpful for taking math exams. Musicians, sports players and public speakers can all benefit from it. When you feel stressed out, you can also try to sit up straight or stand tall. It can help you feel more positive (积极的) and focus better. 21．According to the passage, how do many students feel when they face math? A．Calm. B．Sleepy. C．Stressed. D．Relaxed. 22．How many students found it easier to do the math exam when sitting up straight? A．125. B．70. C．60. D．56. 23．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．Good posture. B．Taking math exams. C．Defensive posture. D．Science Daily. 24．What is the passage mainly about? A．The benefits of positive posture. B．A good way to relax in an exam. C．The benefits of a slumped-over position. D．A good way to have math tests. A theory of emotionTwo scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion. A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation. The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind. The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”. The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger. 25．What is the main finding of the new study? A．A new method of venting anger. B．A new method of reducing anger. C．Good activities to vent anger. D．Good activities to reduce anger. 26．What can we learn about calming activities? A．They can reduce feelings of anger. B．They can increase the heart rate. C．They are good for mind health. D．They are good for heart health. 27．According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid? A．You get the feeling of fear. B．You get the feeling of calm. C．Your heart beats fast. D．Your heart beats slowly. 28．The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________. They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 参考答案 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 1．细节理解题。根据“I have read the novel three times, translated most of its poems, songs, lantern riddles (谜语), and dialogues into English”可知他把曹雪芹的《红楼梦》中的大部分诗歌、歌曲、灯谜和对话翻译成了英语。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Timur Kuvatov, director-general and editor-in-chief of the Kazakhstan Today News Agency, is a Chinese kung fu fan”可知他对中国功夫感兴趣。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“We have seen many people from around the world express their love for Chinese culture in different forms”以及“What is the charm of Chinese culture that attracts these people?”并结合文章内容可知作者描述了这三个人对中国文化的喜爱，说明中国文化现在变得越来越受欢迎。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了现在越来越多的外国人对中国文化感兴趣，以选项B“外国人眼中的中国文化魅力”为标题最合适。故选B。 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．D 5．细节理解题。根据“A recent TV series To the Wonder has become China’s breakout TV hit of the year.”可知，它是一部电视连续剧。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据“Li has to move back to her hometown and tries to find a new direction for herself.”可知，她回到阿勒泰是为了试图给自己找个新方向。故选B。 7．词义猜测题。根据“very different from the usual Chinese series”可知，这部剧与通常的电视剧非常不同，因此它是独特的，故划线单词表示“独特的”，用special近义。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据“But the key to the success of the series lies in its ability to connect with the viewers on a human level,”可知，这部电视剧成功的关键在于它能够在人类的层面上与观众建立联系。故选D。 9．B 10．B 11．C 12．A 9．细节理解题。根据“the final purpose is not to decide who is right and who is wrong, but to look for something in common”可知，最终目的不是决定谁对谁错，而是寻找共同之处。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据“If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath (呼吸) and let anger out of your body along with the breath. ”可知，应该要深呼吸，故选B。 11．词义猜测题。根据“but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual (相互的) understanding.”可知，局外人的想法可以帮助双方获得相互理解，所以这里指的是第三方人，故选C。 12．主旨大意题。根据“If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何处理生气这种情绪。故选A。 13．D 14．C 15．A 16．B 13．细节理解题。根据“According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口).”可知，2023年中国制造的电动汽车销量为949万辆，其中包括出口120万辆，故在国内销售了829万辆。故选D。 14．段落大意题。根据“At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show”可知，2004年的汽车展上只有一家展示电动汽车的品牌，但是到了2024年有了多家品牌，文章第二段的内容表明了中国电车行业的发展。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据“EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks”可知，没有创新能力的电动汽车制造商将面临越来越大的风险，故可知电动汽车制造商可以通过提高创新能力来降低风险。故选A。 16．观点态度题。根据最后一段“EVs are the way of the future…It is very likely that China will hold the lead.”可知，作者认为电动汽车行业大有可为，且中国在未来会居于领先地位，故可知作者对中国电动汽车行业的未来是充满希望的。故选B。 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B 17．细节理解题。根据“On average (平均), firefighters get a fire call every 24 second s in the US. Every 87 seconds, a home fire happens. Just between January 1st, 2019 and January 1st, 2024, there were 11,180...”可知，作者通过列数字开始文章的，故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据“Cooking tools are the number-one cause of home fires.”可知，烹饪工具是家庭火灾的头号原因。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据“A good plan should start with two escape ways from every room. Then know how fast your family can run, tell kids when and how to get out, and make a house map with all doors and windows. At last, choose a meeting place outside. And don't forget to practice it often with every family member.”可知，一个好的计划应该从每个房间的两条逃生通道开始。然后知道你的家人能跑多快，告诉孩子们何时以及如何出去，并制作一张标有所有门窗的房屋地图。最后，在室外选择一个会面地点。别忘了经常和每个家庭成员练习。所以第四步是制作一张包含所有门窗的房屋地图。故选C。 20．最佳标题题。根据“So everyone should pay attention to fire safety at home.”可知，文章讲述了造成家庭火灾的各种因素及如何预防家庭火灾。所以B选项“家庭消防安全”最适合做标题，故选B。 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．A 21．细节理解题。根据“Many students worry about math. Some students can’t sleep well the day before a math exam. Others may feel very nervous during the exam itself.”可知，许多学生担心数学，一些学生在数学考试的前一天睡不好，其他学生在考试期间可能会感到非常紧张。可推知很多学生在面对数学时感到焦虑，有压力。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据“Researchers tested 125 college students.”及“After the test, 56% of the students said the exam was easier to do if they were sitting up straight.”可知，共有125名学生参加了测试，其中56%，即70名学生发现坐直参加数学考试会更容易。故选B。 23．推理判断题。根据“Good posture isn’t just helpful for taking math exams. Musicians, sports players and public speakers can all benefit from it.”可知，良好的姿势不仅有助于参加数学考试，音乐家、体育运动员和公共演说家都可以从中受益。故划线部分指的是上文中提到的Good posture。故选A。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从如何更好应对数学考试引出姿势对人们状态的影响，经过研究发现姿势不仅对学习有影响，对人们生活中别的方面也有正向的作用。故本文主要介绍了积极的身体姿势的好处。故选A。 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．D 25．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.”可知，新的研究发现，减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动，故这项新的研究主要发现了一些可以减少愤怒的好的活动。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga.”可知，那些能够减少身体反应的活动，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平静的活动有助于减少愤怒感觉。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据“For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out.”可知，文章指出，当我们看到一只熊时，我们的身体可能会做出反应，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可知当我们看到一条蛇并感到害怕时，我们心跳也会加快。故选C。 28．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.”可知，团队发现一些增加心率的活动，如球类运动和团队运动，可能会减少愤怒。这表明有趣的活动有助于减少负面情绪。故这句话可以放在第四自然段的结尾。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$