专题03 阅读理解之推理判断题（练习）-【上好课】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练测（新高考通用）

专题03 阅读理解之推理判断题 目录 01 模拟基础练 【题型一】阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断题（最新模拟） 【题型二】阅读理解之推理判断---写作目的和意图题（最新模拟） 【题型三】阅读理解之推理判断---描述人物或事件的特征（最新模拟） 【题型四】阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法题（最新模拟） 【题型五】阅读理解之推理判断---作者的写作态度（最新模拟） 【题型六】阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章出处（最新模拟） 【题型七】阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章走势（最新模拟） 02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题） 03 真题实战练 【说明】因为是二轮复习，所以为了保持语篇的完整性，没有对语篇进行删减，对推理判断题进行了蓝色标注。 题型一 阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断题 1.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三期末）In recent years, the landscape of education has been significantly transformed by the rise of online learning. As technology continues to advance, an increasing number of students are choosing online courses, leading to a heated debate about whether online learning can replace traditional offline learning. Online learning offers several distinct advantages. Firstly, it provides remarkable flexibility. Students can access course materials and lectures at any time and from anywhere, as long as they have an internet connection. This is especially beneficial for those with busy schedules or those who live in remote areas. For example, a student who has a part - time job can study during their free time without having to worry about commuting to a physical classroom. Secondly, online learning platforms often offer a vast range of courses. Learners can choose from various subjects and levels, enabling them to customize their learning experience according to their interests and needs. However, online learning also has its drawbacks. One of the main challenges is the lack of face - to - face interaction. Without direct communication with teachers and classmates, students may find it difficult to ask questions immediately and engage in in - depth discussions. Additionally, online learning requires a high level of self - discipline. In the absence of a physical classroom environment, some students may struggle to stay focused and motivated. On the other hand, traditional offline learning has its own merits. In a classroom setting, students can have immediate feedback from teachers. Teachers can observe students’ reactions, understand their difficulties, and provide timely guidance. Moreover, the in - person interaction among classmates can foster a sense of community and teamwork. Group projects and class discussions in a physical classroom can enhance students’ communication skills and ability to work together. Nevertheless, offline learning is not without limitations. It is restricted by time and space. Students need to attend classes at specific times and locations, which can be inconvenient. For instance, bad weather or transportation problems may prevent students from reaching the classroom on time. In conclusion, both online learning and offline learning have their own advantages and disadvantages. Instead of seeing one as a complete replacement for the other, we should combine the two methods to create a more effective and comprehensive learning environment. 5．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The development of online learning. B．The comparison between online learning and offline learning. C．The advantages of offline learning. D．The challenges of online learning. 6．Which of the following is an advantage of online learning? A．It provides immediate feedback from teachers. B．It offers a sense of community and teamwork. C．It is highly flexible in terms of time and place. D．It is not affected by the internet connection. 7．What does the underlined word “drawbacks” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Benefits. B．Disadvantages. C．Features. D．Improvements. 8．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Online learning will completely replace offline learning in the future. B．Offline learning is always better than online learning. C．We should make use of the strengths of both learning methods. D．The limitations of offline learning can be easily overcome. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在线学习和线下学习的优势和劣势。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As technology continues to advance, an increasing number of students are choosing online courses, leading to a heated debate about whether online learning can replace traditional offline learning. (随着科技的不断进步，越来越多的学生选择在线课程，这引发了一场关于在线学习能否取代传统线下学习的激烈辩论。)”和最后一段“In conclusion, both online learning and offline learning have their own advantages and disadvantages. Instead of seeing one as a complete replacement for the other, we should combine the two methods to create a more effective and comprehensive learning environment. (综上所述，在线学习和离线学习都有各自的优点和缺点。我们不应该把一种方法完全取代另一种方法，而应该把这两种方法结合起来，创造一个更有效、更全面的学习环境。)”可知，文章主要话题是在线学习和线下学习的对比。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“it provides remarkable flexibility. Students can access course materials and lectures at any time and from anywhere, as long as they have an internet connection. (它提供了非凡的灵活性。学生可以在任何时间、任何地点访问课程材料和讲座，只要他们有互联网连接。)”可知，在线学习的优势是：在时间和地点上具有高度的灵活性。故C项。 7．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Online learning offers several distinct advantages. (在线学习有几个明显的优势。)”可知，第二段讲述了在线学习的优点，接着在第三段开头用However进行转折，表明要阐述在线学习不好的方面。drawbacks所在句子后面提到了在线学习缺乏面对面互动、需要高度自律等问题，所以推测drawbacks意思是“缺点，劣势”。A 选项Benefits是 “好处”；C 选项Features是“特点”；B选项Disadvantages是“缺点、劣势”；D选项Improvements是“改进”。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Instead of seeing one as a complete replacement for the other, we should combine the two methods to create a more effective and comprehensive learning environment. (我们不应该把一种方法完全取代另一种方法，而应该把这两种方法结合起来，创造一个更有效、更全面的学习环境。)”可知，我们应该利用这两种学习方法的优点。故选C项。 2.（2025·辽宁省东北育才、辽宁省实验中学、大连24中学、大连八中、鞍山一中2024-2025学年高三上学期五校联考期末）For the perfect cup of tea, does one add milk to boiling water, or the opposite? Neither, if new research in the journal Current Biology is to be believed. What must be prepared first, instead, are the microbes (微生物) . Scientists are increasingly aware that the fungi and bacteria living around a plant's roots can significantly affect its growth by enhancing the absorption of critical nutrients like iron and nitrogen. This possibility of enhanced nitrogen absorption was particularly fascinating to tea experts Xin Wei and Tang Wenxin at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University in China because tea plants rely upon nitrogen-rich soil around their roots to produce theanine, an amino acid that generates their unique pleasant flavors. Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang found that theanine production varied widely, even among similar teas. Some highly valued oolong teas such as Rougui, produced a lot of the chemical, whereas others, such as Maoxie, produced less. This difference was particularly obvious in the autumn, when the roots were accumulating theanine. This brought about a natural question. If the microbe community found around Rougui were transplanted to other tea plants, might this increase their theanine production and, in turn, improve their flavor? To explore this, the researchers created a community of microbes made up of 21 bacterial varieties that resembled the community found around Rougui roots and applied them to the roots of Maoxie plants. They report this week that this nearly tripled the theanine accumulation in Maoxie leaves. While the time-consuming process of transforming leaves into drinkable tea has yet to be completed, the researchers have little doubt that there will be big differences. Flavors aside, the Rougui microbe sample that Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang worked with has the potential to make a wider environmental impact. Most farmers, not just tea growers, add some form of nitrogen to their soil to enhance growth. While some of this is absorbed by plants, most runs off during heavy rains and ends up polluting natural water bodies. When the researchers applied their microbial cocktail to soil around the roots of cress (水芹) plants, which is the lab rat of the botanical world, they found that, just as with Maoxie, the newcomers enhanced nitrogen uptake. This suggests that these microbes have the potential to create new flavors while also reducing agricultural pollution. That should be everyone's cup of tea. 23．Which of the following directly determines the flavor of tea? A．Microbes. B．Theanine. C．Nitrogen. D．Fungi. 24．What was the primary goal of the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To determine the effect of microbes on tea leaf color. B．To increase the caffeine content in tea leaves. C．To enhance theanine production in Maoxie tea plants. D．To identify new varieties of tea-producing bacteria. 25．What can we infer about the future of tea production with the use of microbes? A．It is very likely to lead to a significant increase in tea production costs. B．It has the potential to reduce water pollution caused by farming. C．It will replace traditional methods of growing tea entirely. D．Its benefits are limited to certain types of tea plants. 26．What is the best title for the passage? A．Tea Science: Microbes Functioning B．Microbes’ Role: Enhancing Tea Production C．Discovering New Microbe Varieties in Tea Plants D．Rethinking the impact of Microbes on Environment 【答案】23．B 24．C 25．B 26．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了《当代生物学》的新研究指出，要泡出完美的茶，首要准备的并非水与牛奶的添加顺序，而是微生物。科学家发现植物根部周围的真菌和细菌能通过增强铁、氮等关键营养物质的吸收，显著影响植物生长。中国福建农林大学的茶专家辛伟和唐文鑫关注到，茶树依赖根部富氮土壤产生茶氨酸，以形成独特风味，但不同茶树茶氨酸产量差异大，秋季尤为明显，如肉桂乌龙产量高，毛蟹产量低。 23．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This possibility of enhanced nitrogen absorption was particularly fascinating to tea experts Xin Wei and Tang Wenxin at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University in China because tea plants rely upon nitrogen-rich soil around their roots to produce theanine, an amino acid that generates their unique pleasant flavors.  Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang found that theanine production varied widely, even among similar teas. (中国福建农林大学的茶叶专家辛伟和唐文鑫对这种增强氮吸收的可能性特别感兴趣，因为茶树依靠根部周围富含氮的土壤来产生茶氨酸，这种氨基酸能产生独特的宜人味道。辛博士和唐博士发现，即使在类似的茶中，茶氨酸的含量也存在很大差异。)”可知，茶氨酸直接决定了茶的味道。故选B项。 24．推理判断题。根据第三段中“If the microbe community found around Rougui were transplanted to other tea plants, might this increase their theanine production and, in turn, improve their flavor? To explore this, the researchers created a community of microbes made up of 21 bacterial varieties that resembled the community found around Rougui roots and applied them to the roots of Maoxie plants. They report this week that this nearly tripled the theanine accumulation in Maoxie leaves. (如果将肉桂周围发现的微生物群落移植到其他茶树中，是否会增加它们的茶氨酸产量，进而改善它们的风味？为了探索这一点，研究人员创建了一个由21个细菌品种组成的微生物群落，这些细菌品种与肉桂根周围的细菌群落相似，并将它们应用于毛蟹植物的根部。他们本周报告说，这几乎使毛蟹叶中的茶氨酸积累增加了两倍。)”可推知，第三段提到的实验的主要目的是提高毛蟹茶树茶氨酸的产量。故选C项。 25．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While some of this is absorbed by plants, most runs off during heavy rains and ends up polluting natural water bodies. When the researchers applied their microbial cocktail to soil around the roots of cress (水芹) plants, which is the lab rat of the botanical world, they found that, just as with Maoxie, the newcomers enhanced nitrogen uptake. This suggests that these microbes have the potential to create new flavors while also reducing agricultural pollution. (虽然其中一些被植物吸收，但大部分在大雨中流失，最终污染了自然水体。当研究人员将他们的微生物混合物应用于植物界的小白鼠——袍草根部周围的土壤时，他们发现，与毛蟹叶一样，新来者提高了氮的吸收。这表明这些微生物有潜力创造新的风味，同时还能减少农业污染。)”可知，通过使用微生物，我们可以推断出茶叶生产的未来有可能减少农业造成的水污染。故选B项。 26．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“For the perfect cup of tea, does one add milk to boiling water, or the opposite? Neither, if new research in the journal Current Biology is to be believed. What must be prepared first, instead, are the microbes (微生物). ( 一杯完美的茶，是往开水里加牛奶，还是相反？如果《当代生物学》杂志上的一项新研究可信的话，这两者都不是。相反，首先必须准备的是微生物。)”可知，文章主要讲的是《当代生物学》的新研究指出，要泡出完美的茶，首要准备的并非水与牛奶的添加顺序，而是微生物。科学家发现植物根部周围的真菌和细菌能通过增强铁、氮等关键营养物质的吸收，显著影响植物生长。中国福建农林大学的茶专家辛伟和唐文鑫关注到，茶树依赖根部富氮土壤产生茶氨酸，以形成独特风味，但不同茶树茶氨酸产量差异大，秋季尤为明显，如肉桂乌龙产量高，毛蟹产量低。故这篇文章最好的标题是“茶科学：微生物的功能”。故选A项。 3.（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）As students and scholars prepare a new academic year, the reliance on computers for note-taking and paper writing has never been greater. Younger students, encouraged or even required to bring laptops to class, have raised concerns among parents about distraction and reduced engagement. University professors complain a decline in classroom focus, with students often multitasking instead of actively listening. Among these debates, a line of research shows the lasting benefits of handwriting — an “innovation” before computers. First, handwriting enhances memory. Putting words on paper with a pen or pencil creates muscle and sensory memories, and the arrangement of words on a page feed into visual memory: people might remember a word they wrote down in French class at the bottom-left on certain page, which enhances learning. Another best-demonstrated advantages of handwriting seems to be in effective note-taking. In a study from 2014 by Pam Mueller and Danny Oppenheimer, students’ typing wrote down almost twice as many words exactly from lectures, suggesting they were not understanding so much as rapidly copying the material. Handwriting — which takes longer for nearly all university-level students — forces note-takers to synthesize (综合) and convey concepts in their own words, thus strengthening learning. Policymakers have also taken note of handwriting’s benefits. Half of the states in the USA, have responded to research advocating for continued handwriting instruction. Sweden advocates for more handwriting and fewer electronic devices, while England authorizes cursive instruction by age seven. Dr. Virginia Berninger, a psychology professor at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of handwriting while acknowledging its integration with digital literacy. She highlights research-backed benefits across different writing styles — from manuscript to cursive — and even typing, which aids in composing coherent passages quickly. Advocating occasional “tuning up” of handwriting skills throughout schooling and possibly into adulthood, Berninger maintains that a balanced approach to writing methods ensures students’ academic and cognitive development. 27．What’s the possible result of younger students using laptops in class? A．Increased engagement. B．Enhanced learning. C．Declined memory. D．Weakened attention. 28．What does the underlined words “feed into” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Enhance. B．Conclude. C．Switch. D．Influence. 29．Which of the following does Berninger agree to do? A．Replace handwriting with digital skills. B．Prioritize digital skills over handwriting. C．Balance handwriting with digital literacy. D．Teach handwriting only in early education. 30．What does the text mainly focus on? A．Handwriting vs. typing in education. B．The decline of handwriting in schools. C．The benefits of handwriting in learning. D．Technology’s impact on student engagement. 【答案】27．D 28．A 29．C 30．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了随着学生和学者对新学年的准备，对电脑在记笔记和写论文方面的依赖越来越大，但一系列研究表明手写具有持久的好处，如增强记忆、有效记笔记等。 27．推理判断题。根据第一段“Younger students, encouraged or even required to bring laptops to class, have raised concerns among parents about distraction and reduced engagement. University professors complain a decline in classroom focus, with students often multitasking instead of actively listening.(鼓励甚至要求年轻学生带笔记本电脑上课，这引起了家长们的担忧，他们担心这会分散注意力，降低参与度。大学教授们抱怨说，课堂上的注意力下降了，学生们经常同时处理多项任务，而不是积极听讲。)”可知，年轻学生在课堂上使用笔记本电脑可能带来的结果是注意力减弱。故选D。 28．词句猜测题。根据下文“people might remember a word they wrote down in French class at the bottom-left on certain page, which enhances learning.(人们可能会记住他们在法语课上写在某一页左下角的单词，这会增强学习效果。)”可知，用笔或铅笔把单词写在纸上会创造肌肉和感觉记忆，页面上单词的排列有助于增强视觉记忆，由此可知，“feed into”的意思是“增强”。故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. Virginia Berninger, a psychology professor at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of handwriting while acknowledging its integration with digital literacy…Berninger maintains that a balanced approach to writing methods ensures students’ academic and cognitive development.(华盛顿大学心理学教授弗吉尼亚•伯宁格博士长期以来一直倡导手写，同时承认手写与数字素养的结合……伯宁格认为，采用平衡的写作方法可以确保学生的学业和认知发展。)”可知，伯宁格同意平衡手写和数字素养。故选C。 30．主旨大意题。文章第一段提到学生和学者对电脑在记笔记和写论文方面的依赖越来越大，年轻学生在课堂上使用笔记本电脑可能带来注意力减弱的结果，第二段提到一系列研究表明手写具有持久的好处，如增强记忆，第三段提到手写另一个最明显的优势在于有效记笔记，第四段提到政策制定者也注意到了手写的好处，最后一段讲华盛顿大学的心理学教授弗吉尼亚•伯宁格博士长期倡导手写，同时承认手写与数字素养的结合，由此可知，本文主要关注的是手写对学习的好处。故选C。 4.（2025·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三测试）An ambitious plan to genetically engineer a version of the woolly mammoth (长毛猛犸象), a giant that disappeared 4,000 years ago, is making some progress. A new biosciences and genetics company, Colosal, has raised $15 million to create a mammoth hybeid that looks exactly like its extinct counterpart. The goal isn’t to clone a mammoth, but to create, through genetic engineering, a living, walking elephant-mammoth hybeid. The scientists revealed they had reprogrammed cells from an Asian elephant, the woolly mammoth’s closest living relative. These changed cells can grow into any kind of elephant cell. The research team has analyzed the than 50 changes to the genetic code of the Asian elephant to give it the characteristics it needs to survive and thrive in the Arctic. These characteristics include a 10-centimeter layer of insulating (绝缘的) fat, five different kinds of hair including some that is up to a meter long, and smaller ears that will help the hybrid tolerate the cold. Colossal believes that bringing the woolly mammoth back to life could possibly help restore the fragile Arctic tundra (冻原) ecosystem, which is at risk as the world warms. The company has claimed that mammoths, if they should return to their natural habitat in the Arctic in sufficient numbers, would help slow down frozen soil melting. Some scientists believe that, before their extinction, animals such as mammoths and horses kept the earth frozen underneath by walking on the grass, knocking down trees and pressing snow tight. One small study in Siberia published in 2021 suggested that the presence of large mammals such as horses and reindeer resulted in lower soil temperatures in the protected area where they were kept compared with land outside that area. Colossal also announced plans to being some other animals back to life such as the Tasmanian tiger in 2023 and the dodo in 2024, but its work on the mammoth has been going on longest. 39．What does the underlined word “counterpart” in the first paragraph refer to? A．Endangered animal. B．Fellow species. C．Cloned elephant. D．Extracted cell. 40．What can we learn about the hybrid? A．It is visually similar to the Asian elephant. B．It can grow into any types of elephant cell. C．Thick fat and smaller ears help it endure the severe weather. D．Long hair like a woolly coat keeps it from the cold and attacks. 41．Why does the author mention the study in Siberia in Paragraph 3? A．To illustrate the possibility of reintroducing mammoths to their natural habitats. B．To compare different kinds of nature reserves where large mammals were kept. C．To indicate the link between the extinction of large mammals and climate change. D．To show the potential impact of returning mammoths to the Arctic on the ecosystem. 42．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The project on bringing back the mammoth costs the most. B．The Tasmania tiger and the dodo are also long-dead animals. C．Colossal needs increased investment to advance the projects. D．Colossal is completely confident in its technology and scientists. 【答案】39．B 40．C 41．D 42．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一家生物科技公司成功创造了猛犸象近亲亚洲象的干细胞，为复活猛犸象迈出重要一步，引发环保和科学界的讨论。 39．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“A new biosciences and genetics company, Colosal, has raised $15 million to create a mammoth hybeid that looks exactly like its extinct counterpart. The goal isn’t to clone a mammoth, but to create, through genetic engineering, a living, walking elephant-mammoth hybeid. (一家名为Colosal的新型生物科学和遗传学公司已筹集到1500万美元，用于创造一种看起来与其灭绝的counterpart一模一样的猛犸象杂交品种。目标不是克隆猛犸象，而是通过基因工程创造一种活生生的、行走的大象-猛犸象杂交品种)”可知，此处指灭绝的猛犸象，counterpart意为“相对应的人或物”，所以此处指与现在的杂交品种相对应的物种，即“灭绝的猛犸象”，相当于“同类物种”。A. Endangered animal濒危动物；B. Fellow species同类生物；C. Cloned elephant克隆大象；D Extracted cell提取的细胞。故选B。 40．细节理解题。根据第二段中“These changed cells can grow into any kind of elephant cell. The research team has analyzed the than 50 changes to the genetic code of the Asian elephant to give it the characteristics it needs to survive and thrive in the Arctic. These characteristics include a 10-centimeter layer of insulating (绝缘的) fat, five different kinds of hair including some that is up to a meter long, and smaller ears that will help the hybrid tolerate the cold. (这些改变的细胞可以生长成任何种类的大象细胞。研究小组分析了亚洲象基因组的50多处变化，使其具有在北极生存和繁衍所需的特征。这些特征包括一层10厘米厚的绝缘脂肪、五种不同的毛发 (其中一些长达一米) 以及较小的耳朵，这将帮助杂交品种抵御寒冷)”可知，杂交品种有10厘米厚的绝缘脂肪和较小的耳朵，这些可以帮助杂交品种忍受恶劣的天气。故选C。 41．推理判断题。根据第三段中“One small study in Siberia published in 2021 suggested that the presence of large mammals such as horses and reindeer resulted in lower soil temperatures in the protected area where they were kept compared with land outside that area. (2021年在西伯利亚进行的一项小型研究表明，在保护区内饲养的马和驯鹿等大型哺乳动物的存在，使得该区域的土壤温度比保护区外的土地更低)”可知，提到这项研究是为了说明猛犸象回归北极可能对生态系统产生的潜在影响，例如降低土壤温度、保护冻土层等。故选D。 42．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Colossal also announced plans to bring some other animals back to life such as the Tasmanian tiger in 2023 and the dodo in 2024, but its work on the mammoth has been going on longest. (Colossal公司还宣布计划于2023年复活塔斯马尼亚虎，于2024年复活渡渡鸟，不过其关于猛犸象的研究开展得最早)”可推知，塔斯马尼亚虎和渡渡鸟也是早已灭绝的动物。故选B。 题型二 阅读理解之推理判断---写作目的和意图题 1.（2025·广东省深圳市龙岗区高三期末质量监测）Frightening as monsters are, they have always fascinated us. From strange combinations of animals to magical beings, creatures have emerged from our imaginations throughout history. Today, they still frequent our cinema screens. Considering how scared we can be of monsters, it seems paradoxical that we keep making them. In fact, there is science behind our love of monsters. Monsters are imaginary creatures that come from our long history of living alongside predators (捕食者). Snakes, for example, were among our ancestors’ first deadly threats, causing them to evolve snake-responsive neurons (神经元) in their brains. This adaptation allowed them to detect snakes with just a quick look. This hardware produced the snake-like monsters, including dragons, that appear in almost all cultures. That is why we get a thrill seeing snake monsters on the screen. Similarly, our ancestors’ minds were shaped by the need to detect bears, lions and other larger predators in tough environments. We evolved to spot predators in the dark between tree trunks or in shadowy corners. With their long teeth and giant claws, these animals have seized our imaginations, appearing in cave paintings over thousands of years. There are psychological benefits to being frightened by monsters. Scary stories with terrifying creatures activate the amygdala, the brain’s fear center, kicking off the fight-or-flight response and releasing adrenaline (肾上腺素). With the story ending in safety, adrenaline levels drop, bringing chemicals that fuel the feeling of relaxation. Such controlled fear experience might help us to manage long-term stress or increase our pain tolerance. As a result, some people with anxiety enjoy watching horror films before bed. The monsters we create today for films and books reflect our deepest fears — whether it’s Godzilla threatening civilisation, or aliens growing within us. Monster media allows us to externalise anxieties into supernatural beings. By understanding our monsters and why we make them, we can learn a great deal about what is going on under the surface of our minds. 1．What does the underlined word “paradoxical” mean in paragraph 1? A．Reasonable. B．Predictable. C．Contradictory. D．Problematic. 2．What is the purpose of paragraphs 2 and 3? A．To honour the wisdom of our ancestors. B．To demonstrate the origin of monsters. C．To compare different deadly creatures. D．To introduce common animals in artworks. 3．How does watching horror films benefit people with anxiety? A．It reduces the brain’s sensitivity to fear. B．It helps people forget anxious experiences. C．It teaches safety lessons in extreme danger. D．It stimulates the body’s relaxation system. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards our love of monsters? A．Favourable. B．Uncertain. C．Ambiguous. D．Skeptical. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要解释了人类为何对怪物既感到害怕又被其吸引的现象，从人类历史、心理机制等方面进行了阐述，说明了怪物在人类文化和心理中的重要作用。 1．词句猜测题。根据前文“Considering how scared we can be of monsters(考虑到我们对怪物有多害怕)”以及后文“we keep making them(我们一直制造怪物)”可知，我们害怕怪物，但是又一直在制造怪物，看起来是矛盾的，推知paradoxical为“矛盾的”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Monsters are imaginary creatures that come from our long history of living alongside predators (捕食者). Snakes, for example, were among our ancestors’ first deadly threats, causing them to evolve snake-responsive neurons (神经元) in their brains. This adaptation allowed them to detect snakes with just a quick look. This hardware produced the snake-like monsters, including dragons, that appear in almost all cultures. That is why we get a thrill seeing snake monsters on the screen.(怪物是我们与食肉动物长期共存的历史中想象出来的生物。例如，蛇是我们祖先最早的致命威胁之一，导致他们在大脑中进化出对蛇敏感的神经元。这种适应使它们只需快速看一眼就能发现蛇。这种硬件产生了像蛇一样的怪物，包括龙，几乎在所有文化中都出现过。这就是为什么我们在屏幕上看到蛇怪会感到兴奋)”以及第三段“Similarly, our ancestors’ minds were shaped by the need to detect bears, lions and other larger predators in tough environments. We evolved to spot predators in the dark between tree trunks or in shadowy corners. With their long teeth and giant claws, these animals have seized our imaginations, appearing in cave paintings over thousands of years.(同样，我们祖先的思维也被在恶劣环境中发现熊、狮子和其他大型捕食者的需要所塑造。我们进化到能够在黑暗的树干间或阴暗的角落里发现捕食者。这些动物有着长长的牙齿和巨大的爪子，它们在几千年前的洞穴壁画中出现，抓住了我们的想象力)”可知，这两段从蛇和大型捕食者的角度解释了怪物的起源，指出它们是基于我们祖先与捕食者共存的历史经验演化得来，目的是说明怪物的起源。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“There are psychological benefits to being frightened by monsters. Scary stories with terrifying creatures activate the amygdala, the brain’s fear center, kicking off the fight-or-flight response and releasing adrenaline (肾上腺素). With the story ending in safety, adrenaline levels drop, bringing chemicals that fuel the feeling of relaxation. Such controlled fear experience might help us to manage long-term stress or increase our pain tolerance. As a result, some people with anxiety enjoy watching horror films before bed.(被怪物吓到有心理上的好处。关于恐怖生物的恐怖故事会激活杏仁核，即大脑的恐惧中心，引发“战或逃”反应，并释放肾上腺素。随着故事在安全的情况下结束，肾上腺素水平下降，产生了促进放松感的化学物质。这种可控的恐惧体验可能有助于我们管理长期压力或提高我们的疼痛耐受力。因此，一些焦虑的人喜欢在睡觉前看恐怖电影)”可知，观看恐怖电影可以刺激肾上腺素分泌，最终通过化学机制让人感到放松，因此恐怖电影帮助激活身体的放松系统。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Such controlled fear experience might help us to manage long-term stress or increase our pain tolerance.(这种可控的恐惧体验可能有助于我们管理长期压力或提高我们的疼痛耐受力)”以及最后一段“The monsters we create today for films and books reflect our deepest fears — whether it’s Godzilla threatening civilisation, or aliens growing within us. Monster media allows us to externalise anxieties into supernatural beings. By understanding our monsters and why we make them, we can learn a great deal about what is going on under the surface of our minds.(我们今天为电影和书籍创造的怪物反映了我们最深的恐惧——无论是威胁文明的哥斯拉，还是在我们体内生长的外星人。怪物媒体让我们把焦虑外化到超自然生物身上。通过了解我们的怪物以及我们为什么制造它们，我们可以学到很多关于我们思想表面下发生的事情)”可知，作者认为对怪物的喜爱能有助于我们管理长期压力或提高我们的疼痛耐受力，以及学到很多关于我们思想表面下发生的事情，所以应是支持的态度。故选A项。 2.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三上学期期末）In modern times, artificial intelligence (AI) has entered various industries, including healthcare. AI is revolutionizing healthcare, bringing both opportunities and challenges. AI-powered diagnostic tools are becoming more common. Machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images like X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans quickly and accurately. They can spot details doctors might miss. For example, an AI system once identified lung cancer in X-rays more successfully than some experienced radiologists. This early detection enables timely treatment and better patient outcomes. AI is also used to create personalized treatment plans. By analyzing a patient’s genetic data, medical history, lifestyle, and symptoms, AI can suggest customized strategies. In cancer treatment, for instance, it can determine the best chemotherapy drugs or radiotherapy approach based on a patient’s genetic makeup. Moreover, AI-driven chatbots offer basic medical advice and answer patients’ questions. They can triage patients, telling them if they need immediate medical attention or can wait. This eases the burden on healthcare providers and gives patients quick access to reliable information. However, using AI in healthcare has challenges. Data privacy is a major concern as medical data is sensitive. There are also worries about the reliability of AI-based diagnoses, as incorrect results could be serious. Integrating AI into existing healthcare systems requires significant investment in technology and staff training. Despite these challenges, the future of AI in healthcare is promising. With technological progress and research, AI will play an even bigger role in improving global healthcare. 9．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the basic concepts of AI. B．To discuss the application and challenges of AI in the medical field. C．To compare AI with human doctors in medical diagnosis. D．To emphasize the importance of data privacy in AI-based medicine. 10．How can AI - powered diagnostic tools benefit patients? A．They can completely replace human doctors in diagnosis. B．They can provide free medical treatment. C．They can detect diseases early and enable timely treatment. D．They can reduce the cost of medical equipment. 11．What does the underlined word “triage” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．To classify patients according to the urgency of their conditions. B．To provide free medical check-ups for patients. C．To persuade patients to see a doctor as soon as possible. D．To provide detailed medical reports for patients. 12．What can be inferred from the passage? A．AI will soon replace human doctors in all aspects of healthcare. B．The challenges of AI in the medical field are insurmountable. C．The development of AI in the medical field will continue to progress. D．Data privacy is not a big concern in the application of AI in medicine. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．A 12．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是人工智能在医疗保健领域的应用以及面临的挑战。 9．推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段的句子“AI is revolutionizing healthcare, bringing both opportunities and challenges.(人工智能正在彻底改变医疗保健，既带来机遇，也带来挑战)”可知，本文的目的是探讨人工智能在医疗领域的应用与挑战。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images like X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans quickly and accurately. They can spot details doctors might miss. For example, an AI system once identified lung cancer in X-rays more successfully than some experienced radiologists. This early detection enables timely treatment and better patient outcomes.(机器学习算法可以快速准确地分析医学图像，如X射线、核磁共振成像和CT扫描。他们可以发现医生可能遗漏的细节，例如，人工智能系统曾经比一些经验丰富的放射科医生更成功地在X射线中识别肺癌。这种早期发现有助于及时治疗和改善患者诊疗结果)”可知，人工智能驱动的诊断工具可以及早发现疾病并及时治疗。故选C项。 11．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的部分“telling them if they need immediate medical attention or can wait(告诉他们是否需要立即就医或可以等待)”可知，人工智能驱动的聊天机器人可以将立即需要就医的病人和可以等待的病人分开。所以，划线单词triage指的是根据病情的紧急程度对病人进行分类。故选A项。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite these challenges, the future of AI in healthcare is promising. With technological progress and research, AI will play an even bigger role in improving global healthcare.(尽管存在这些挑战，但人工智能在医疗保健领域的未来是有希望的。随着技术的进步和研究，人工智能将在改善全球医疗保健方面发挥更大的作用)”可知，人工智能在医疗领域的发展将不断进步。故选C项。 3.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三上学期期末）Adventures Abroad: Your Dream Travel Awaits Are you a high school senior looking for an unforgettable adventure before you head off to college? Look no further than Adventures Abroad, the premier travel agency specializing in teen travel experiences. We offer a wide range of exciting trips designed to expand your horizons and create memories that will last a lifetime. Whether you’re interested in exploring the ancient ruins of Rome, diving into the crystal-clear waters of the Great Barrier Reef, or trekking through the lush jungles of Costa Rica, we have the perfect trip for you. Our trips are led by experienced and knowledgeable guides who are passionate about travel and dedicated to providing you with a safe and educational experience. They will not only show you the sights but also teach you about the local culture, history, and traditions. In addition to our amazing destinations, we also offer a variety of activities to make your trip even more memorable. From zip-lining through the rainforest to cooking classes with local chefs, there’s something for everyone. We understand that as a student, cost is an important factor. That’s why we offer affordable prices and flexible payment options to make your dream trip a reality. Plus, we have early bird discounts and group rates available, so the more friends you bring, the more you save! Don’t miss out on this opportunity to see the world and have the time of your life. Contact us today at [phone number] or visit our website at [website address] to learn more and book your adventure. 13．What is the main purpose of this advertisement? A．To introduce different travel destinations. B．To recruit travel guides for Adventures Abroad. C．To promote Adventures Abroad’s teen travel packages. D．To share travel experiences of high school seniors. 14．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an activity offered on the trips? A．Exploring ancient ruins. B．Taking cooking classes. C．Going on a safari. D．Zip-lining through the rainforest. 15．What can we learn about the prices of the trips? A．They are very expensive. B．They are affordable and have discounts available. C．They are only for students with good grades. D．They are not mentioned in the advertisement. 【答案】13．C 14．C 15．B 【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Adventures Abroad 提供的旅行项目、导游情况、活动内容以及价格优惠等。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Are you a high school senior looking for an unforgettable adventure before you head off to college? Look no further than Adventures Abroad, the premier travel agency specializing in teen travel experiences.(你是一名高中生，想在上大学前经历一次难忘的冒险吗?看看国外冒险吧，这是一家专门从事青少年旅行体验的顶级旅行社)”以及文章介绍了Adventures Abroad 提供的旅行项目、导游情况、活动内容以及价格优惠等，可知，文章目的是推广该旅行社专门为青少年设计的旅行套餐，吸引学生选择他们的旅行服务。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Whether you’re interested in exploring the ancient ruins of Rome, diving into the crystal-clear waters of the Great Barrier Reef, or trekking through the lush jungles of Costa Rica, we have the perfect trip for you.(无论你是有兴趣探索罗马的古代遗迹，潜入大堡礁清澈的海水，还是在哥斯达黎加茂密的丛林中徒步旅行，我们都为你准备了完美的旅行)”以及第四段“From zip-lining through the rainforest to cooking classes with local chefs, there’s something for everyone.(从滑索穿越雨林到与当地厨师一起上烹饪课，这里有适合每个人的东西)”可知，可对应选项 A 中的探索古代遗迹、选项 B 中的烹饪课程和选项 D 中的雨林滑索，而文中未提及去狩猎旅行，故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We understand that as a student, cost is an important factor. That’s why we offer affordable prices and flexible payment options to make your dream trip a reality. Plus, we have early bird discounts and group rates available, so the more friends you bring, the more you save!(我们明白，作为一名学生，成本是一个重要因素。这就是为什么我们提供实惠的价格和灵活的付款方式，让您的梦想之旅成为现实。另外，我们有早鸟折扣和团体价格，所以你带的朋友越多，你省的钱就越多！)”可知，表明旅行的价格是学生可以承受的，并且还有早鸟折扣和团体优惠，故选B。 题型三 阅读理解之推理判断---描述人物或事件的特征 1.（海南省三亚市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末）66-year-old Han Hua told tales of his table tennis coaching career, showing photos that highlighting his victories in China, Tunisia and France. Born in 1958, Han’s passion for table tennis started at a young age. A mix of raw talent and continuous dedication drove him to junior tournament victories and eventually, to a desirable spot in the national team. Since the 1950s, China has sent coaches in sports like table tennis, badminton, gymnastics and diving to improve the competitive capacity of nations afar. As one of them, Han started a 12-year coaching journey in Tunisia in 1984. He rapidly got accustomed to this way of life. Known for his language competence and deep understanding of the sport, Han has earned applause from peers and athletes. In the 1990s, France enjoyed a golden era of table tennis led by the great table tennis player Jean-Philippe Gatien. The French team, composed of Gatien, Patrick Chila, and Damien Eloi, achieved remarkable feats in the World Cup and World Championships. However, as they retired in the early years of this century, the once powerful team was enveloped in calmness, motivating the French Table Tennis Federation to seek a savior in 2013 to restore the nation to its former glory. Han, with plentiful experience, coaching wisdom and fluency in French, stood out as the ideal candidate. After three years of dedication, Han finally achieved his goal as the French men’s team delivered its most outstanding performance in four decades — Emmanuel Lebesson won the men’s singles title while Simon Gauzy secured the silver medal at the 2016 European Championships. After successfully leading the team to the Rio Olympics, he transitioned into an assistant coaching role, paving the way for young French coaches. As the year 2024 marks the 60th anniversary of China-France diplomatic relations, Han emphasizes the significance of the enduring bond between the two nations in table tennis. 19．What was Han Hua’s key qualification for coaching the French team? A．His success in junior tournaments. B．His role in China’s table tennis history. C．His previous work with French players. D．His language skills and coaching experience. 20．Which of the following words can best describe Han? A．Talented and fortunate. B．Professional and devoted. C．Unbeatable and proud. D．Ambitious and aggressive. 21．What does Han emphasize between China and France referring to table tennis? A．Cultural exchange. B．Shared goals. C．Everlasting friendship. D．Economic cooperation. 22．What could be a suitable title of the passage? A．The Chinese Coach who Wins Applause from Audience. B．The Talented and Dedicated Chinese Table Tennis Athlete. C．The Chinese Coach who Teaches Table Tennis to the World. D．The 60th Anniversary of China-France Diplomatic Relations. 【答案】19．D 20．B 21．C 22．C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了中国乒乓球教练韩华在海外执教的经历与成就。 19．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Han, with plentiful experience, coaching wisdom and fluency in French, stood out as the ideal candidate.(韩华凭借丰富的经验、教练智慧和流利的法语，成为理想人选)”可知，韩华执教法国队的关键资格是他的语言能力和教练经验。故选D。 20．推理判断题。根据第二段“A mix of raw talent and continuous dedication drove him to junior tournament victories and eventually, to a desirable spot in the national team.(天生的才华和持续的奉献精神使他在青少年比赛中屡获佳绩，最终在国家队中获得了令人羡慕的位置)”和倒数第二段“After three years of dedication, Han finally achieved his goal as the French men’s team delivered its most outstanding performance in four decades.(经过三年的努力，韩华终于实现了自己的目标，法国男队取得了四十年来最出色的成绩)”可知，韩华是一个专业且敬业的人。故选B。 21．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As the year 2024 marks the 60th anniversary of China-France diplomatic relations, Han emphasizes the significance of the enduring bond between the two nations in table tennis.(2024年是中法建交60周年，韩华强调了乒乓球领域中两国持久关系的重要性)”可知，韩华在中法乒乓球交流中强调了永恒的友谊。故选C。 22．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国乒乓球教练韩华在海外执教的经历与成就，他先在突尼斯执教12年，后来成为法国国家乒乓球队的教练，带领法国队取得了优异的成绩，所以选项C“向世界传授乒乓球的中国教练”这个标题最能概括文章主旨。故选C。 2.（2025·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三测试）Wrapped in a shiny metal suit, Katia Krafft’s small frame appeared insignificant next to the red curtain of boiling rock that burst from the ground before her. The dramatic moment was captured in a photo taken atop Iceland’s Krafla volcano in 1984. “Once you see an eruption, you can’t live without it because it’s so magnificent, so strong,” says Krafft, a fearless pioneer in volcanology, studying the explosive peaks at a time when there were few women in the field. The moment a volcano exploded, she and her husband, Maurice Krafft, also a volcancoogist, dropped everything to analyze and capture the beauty and mystery of each event. These stunning pictures allowed researchers to dissect (剖析) the complex details of each eruption like never before. The Kraffts initially focused their work on so-called effusive (溢流式的) eruptions, which, though still dangerous, are usually less deadly than their explosive relatives. But two disasters led the Kraffts to turn their eyes on the destructive impacts of the latter. In 1980 the eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington killed 57 people, and in 1985, the eruption of Colombia’s Nevado del Ruiz killed more than 20,000 people. The couple used their recordings of explosive eruptions to explain the complex risks and uncertainties of these disasters. Their videos are credited as one of the main reasons that officials in the Philippines took the warning signs of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption in 1991 seriously. Yet the Kraffts didn’t live to see it. They died less than two weeks earlier in Japan during a terrible eruption. Katia’s impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has inspired many young women to study our restless planet. At age 16, Marie-Claude Williamson, now a research scientist at the Geological Survey of Canada, met Katia during an evening lecture where the Kraffts were narrating one of their films. “It was largely the vision of the extraordinary woman I briefly encountered when I was 16 that kept me going.” she says. 43．What did the Kraffts do when a volcano erupted? A．They sent once warnings. B．They shot the process. C．They wrote down the details. D．They analyzed the causes. 44．What can be learned about the two eruptions in the 1980s? A．They were effusive eruptions. B．They took place in the US. C．They were recorded by the Kraffts. D．They changed the Kraffts’ career focus. 45．What’s the purpose of filming explosive eruptions? A．To show the beauty of volcanoes. B．To predict future volcanic activities. C．To share knowledge of volcanic risks. D．To guide government policy-making. 46．Which of the following words can best describe Katia? A．Enthusiastic and modest. B．Humorous and professional. C．Ambitious and generous. D．Courageous and influential. 【答案】43．B 44．D 45．C 46．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了火山学家克拉夫特夫妇的工作以及他们对火山学的贡献。 43．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The moment a volcano exploded, she and her husband, Maurice Krafft, also a volcanologist, dropped everything to analyze and capture the beauty and mystery of each event. These stunning pictures allowed researchers to dissect the complex details of each eruption like never before.(火山爆发的那一刻，她和同为火山学家的丈夫莫里斯·克拉夫特放下一切，分析并捕捉每一个事件的美丽和神秘。这些令人惊叹的照片使研究人员能够以前所未有的方式剖析每次火山喷发的复杂细节。)”可知，火山爆发时，克拉夫特夫妇要拍摄了这个过程。故选B项。 44．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Kraffts initially focused their work on so-called effusive (溢流式的) eruptions, which, though still dangerous, are usually less deadly than their explosive relatives. But two disasters led the Kraffts to turn their eyes on the destructive impacts of the latter. In 1980 the eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington killed 57 people, and in 1985, the eruption of Colombia’s Nevada del Ruiz killed more than 20,000 people.(克拉夫特夫妇最初把他们的研究重点放在所谓的溢流式喷发上，这种喷发虽然仍然很危险，但通常比爆炸性喷发的致命性要小。但两场灾难让卡夫夫妇把目光转向了后者的破坏性影响。1980年，华盛顿圣海伦斯火山喷发造成57人死亡，1985年，哥伦比亚内华达德尔鲁伊斯火山喷发造成2万多人死亡。)”可知，20世纪80年代的两次火山爆发改变了克拉夫特夫妇的职业重心。故选D项。 45．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The couple used their recordings of explosive eruptions to explain the complex risks and uncertainties of these disasters.(这对夫妇用他们对火山爆发的记录来解释这些灾难的复杂风险和不确定性。)”可知，拍摄火山爆发的目的是分享火山风险的知识。故选C项。 46．推理判断题。根据第一段中的““Once you see an eruption, you can’t live without it because it’s so magnificent, so strong,” says Krafft, a fearless pioneer in volcanology, studying the explosive peaks at a time when there were few women in the field.(“一旦你看到火山喷发，你就不能没有它，因为它是如此壮观，如此强大，”克拉夫特说，她是一位无畏的火山学先驱，在研究火山喷发高峰的时候，这个领域几乎没有女性。)”和最后一段的句子“Katia’s impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has inspired many young women to study our restless planet.(远远在她去世后很久，卡蒂亚对火山学的影响还在，并激励了许多年轻女性研究我们这个不安分的星球。)”可知，卡蒂亚是一位勇敢且有很大影响力的女性。故选D项。 3.（2025·广东省建文教育集团两学部第二次模拟）A modest assemblage of intrepid and inquisitive youthful Irish musicians have assumed the mantle of safeguarding a legacy of melodies. Their initiative endeavors to position the senior members of a generation teetering on the brink of obsolescence before a microphone, thereby preserving their songs and narratives for the edification and study of future musicians in perpetuity. Numerous experts frequently sound the alarm regarding the extent to which the oral traditions of humanity are relinquished to the encroachment of modernity on an annual basis. In Ireland, a nation renowned for its vocalists, the Song Collectors Collective (SCC) commemorates this heritage by paying homage to the individuals who have sustained its foundational essence. The majority of these custodians hail from the reclusive traveler communities. Instead of merely amassing lyrics, each song is accessible solely through an exploration of the life and narrative of the individual who rendered it for the SCC, or the so-called “Tradition Bearer.” Consider, for instance, Freda Black, a great-grandmother in her mid-eighties. She harbored such a plethora of songs that she confessed to being incapable of enumerating them all. She subsequently gained prominence in a recently launched album by a contemporary folk artist and SCC member, Sam Lee. “I relish the moments spent at the knees of these elders,” Lee remarked. “I am exceedingly fortunate. I am capturing the remnants of an era.” “It is a prevalent plea for the songs and tales to be documented and disseminated, as the old customs are no longer being conveyed, and this vast repository of knowledge pertaining to an archaic mode of existence is on the verge of being consigned to oblivion. In this contemporary epoch of readily accessible recording technology, there is no justification for failing to chronicle and share this opulent yet fragile tradition,” the SCC asserted. Having amassed hundreds of recordings from a multitude of singers, the SCC is commencing to organize educational events, sharing the stories and vocal renditions with those who are keen to listen, as well as imparting knowledge on how individuals can become collectors in their own right. 93．How do those young Irish musicians save the tradition of songs? ______ ​ A．By spreading their new music styles . B．By recording old folk songs and related stories. C．By teaching young people to learn traditional songs. D．By improving the living conditions of elderly musicians. 94．What can we infer from Sam Lee’s words? ______ ​ A．He is glad to keep a valuable tradition of music. B．His latest album carries the memory of his grandma. C．He is lucky to have got some help in learning music. D．His music is inspired by conversations with Freda Black. 95．What further promotes the SCC’s protection of the oral tradition? ______ ​ A．Market demand. B．The support of famous musicians. C．High praise from the elderly. D．Technological progress. 96．Which of the following can best describe the SCC's work? ______ ​ A．Effective and interesting. B．Successful but confusing. C．Necessary and meaningful. D．Professional but dangerous. 【答案】93．B 94．A 95．D 96．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了爱尔兰的一群年轻音乐家如何通过记录老一辈歌手的歌曲和故事，保护和传承爱尔兰的传统音乐。这些音乐家通过组织教育活动，分享这些歌曲和故事，鼓励更多人成为传统音乐的传承者。 93．细节理解题。根据第一段“A modest assemblage of intrepid and inquisitive youthful Irish musicians have assumed the mantle of safeguarding a legacy of melodies. Their initiative endeavors to position the senior members of a generation teetering on the brink of obsolescence before a microphone, thereby preserving their songs and narratives for the edification and study of future musicians in perpetuity.( 一群勇敢而好奇的年轻爱尔兰音乐家承担起了保护旋律遗产的责任。他们的倡议努力将这一代即将被遗忘的年长成员置于麦克风前，从而永久地保存他们的歌曲和故事，供未来的音乐家教育和研究。)”可以看出，这些年轻音乐家通过记录老一辈歌手的歌曲和故事来保护传统歌曲。故选B项。 94．推理判断题。根据第三段中““I relish the moments spent at the knees of these elders,” Lee remarked. “I am exceedingly fortunate. I am capturing the remnants of an era. ”(“我珍惜在这些长者膝下度过的时光，”Lee说。“我非常幸运。我正在捕捉一个时代的遗产。”)”可知，从Sam Lee的话中我们可以推断出他很高兴能保持有价值的音乐传统。故选A项。 95．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In this contemporary epoch of readily accessible recording technology, there is no justification for failing to chronicle and share this opulent yet fragile tradition," the SCC asserted.(在当今这个录音技术随处可见的时代，没有理由不记录和分享这一丰富而脆弱的传统，SCC断言。)”可以看出，技术进步促进了SCC对口头传统的保护。故选D项。 96．推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，整篇文章都在介绍SCC如何通过记录和分享老一辈歌手的歌曲和故事来保护爱尔兰的传统音乐。这些活动不仅保存了传统，还教育了新一代，具有必要性和意义。因此，C选项Necessary and meaningful“必要且有意义。”是对其最合适的描述。故选C项。 题型四 阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法题 1.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三高考适应性考试）Decades of increasing corn and soya bean production have turned Brazil into an agricultural powerhouse, which also led to the destruction of the Amazon rainforest. That has long put farmers and environmentalists in disagreement. But a study released in October by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN) shows the extent to which deforestation is hurting farmers too. The report shows that the practice of clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazon led to reduced crop production, resulting in total economic losses of about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019. The net revenues (收入) for soya beans dropped by 10% over that time, while corn revenues dropped by 20%. Anders Krogh, a specialist forest adviser at RFN, says these findings demonstrate the danger deforestation poses to global food security. When ancient forests become rolling plains, a delicate balance of water cycle is disturbed. As trees breathe, they turn water into vapour (水蒸气), which goes on to form large, thick rain clouds, and has a cooling effect on the region. This recycling process also influences atmospheric circulation (循环), which plays a key role in temperature regulation in the Amazon basin. The effects are the severest in the most deforested regions. Less rain and hotter days mean smaller harvests and smaller revenues. Preventing further deforestation in Brazil’s southern Amazon could slow the trend. Plus, reforesting could even change rainfall trends: the report concludes that if the Brazilian state of Pará were to reforest 55,000 km² of farming land, the rain could come on average five days earlier, and up to 19 in some areas. For now, though, that seems like a tall order. Agricultural firms in Brazil tend to treat such reports and the researchers who produce them with doubt. The term “agri-phobic (农业恐惧)” is often used to describe scientists who criticize the country’s farming practices. At the grassroots level, despite the increasing costs of adapting to drier conditions, Brazilian farmers doubt the claims that lower production results from climate change or deforestation. Britaldo Soares-Filho, a researcher at UFMG and the report’s lead author, hopes that concentrating on the financial effect of deforestation, rather than abstract modelling, can change farmers’ minds. Sustainable farming practices, he urges, are in the economic interests of agribusiness. 51．How does the author develop paragraph 2? A．By listing statistics. B．By citing a saying. C．By making an assumption. D．By introducing a concept. 52．Which is close to the underlined idiom “a tall order” in meaning in paragraph 4? A．A hard nut. B．A big fish. C．A helping hand. D．A red-letter day. 53．What does Britaldo Soares-Filho mean? A．Logging contributes to financial increase. B．Abstract modelling makes a big difference. C．Clear-cutting puts global food security in great danger. D．Farmers should focus on the financial impact of deforestation. 54．What is the best title for the text? A．Deforestation: it boosts revenues? B．Water cycle: it disturbs agriculture? C．Climate change: it worsens rainforest? D．Reforesting: it relieves global warming? 【答案】51．A 52．A 53．D 54．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了巴西亚马孙雨林的砍伐对农业生产及经济的影响。 51．推理判断题。根据第二段“The report shows that the practice of clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazon led to reduced crop production, resulting in total economic losses of about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019. The net revenues (收入) for soya beans dropped by 10% over that time, while corn revenues dropped by 20%. Anders Krogh, a specialist forest adviser at RFN, says these findings demonstrate the danger deforestation poses to global food security.(报告显示，巴西亚马孙地区的皆伐导致农作物产量减少，2006年至2019年期间经济损失总额约为10亿美元。在此期间，大豆的净收入下降了10%，而玉米的收入下降了20%。雨林基金会(RFN)的林业专家顾问安德斯·克罗格(Anders Krogh)表示，这些发现表明，森林砍伐对全球粮食安全构成了威胁。)”可知，作者在该段中通过列出具体的统计数据，如经济损失总额、大豆和玉米的收入下降百分比等，来支持其观点。故选A。 52．词句猜测题。根据上文“Plus, reforesting could even change rainfall trends: the report concludes that if the Brazilian state of Pará were to reforest 55,000 km² of farming land, the rain could come on average five days earlier, and up to 19 in some areas.(此外，重新造林甚至可以改变降雨趋势：报告得出结论，如果巴西帕拉州能够对5.5万平方公里的耕地进行重新造林，那么雨水可能会平均提前5天到来，在某些地区甚至可能提前19天到来。)”和“though(不过)”可知，就目前而言，这似乎是一个难题。由此可知，“a tall order”指的是一个难以实现或要求过高的任务，即一个难题。选项A“一个难题”符合题意。故选A。 53．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Britaldo Soares-Filho, a researcher at UFMG and the report’s lead author, hopes that concentrating on the financial effect of deforestation, rather than abstract modelling, can change farmers’ minds.(UFMG的研究员、该报告的主要作者布里塔尔多·索阿雷斯·菲略希望，把注意力集中在森林砍伐的经济影响上，而不是抽象的建模上，可以改变农民的想法。)”可知，Britaldo Soares-Filho认为农民应该关注森林砍伐对经济的影响。故选D。 54．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But a study released in October by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN) shows the extent to which deforestation is hurting farmers too.(但米纳斯吉拉斯联邦大学(UFMG)和挪威雨林基金会(RFN)10月发布的一项研究显示，森林砍伐对农民的伤害程度也很大。)”和第二段“The report shows that the practice of clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazon led to reduced crop production, resulting in total economic losses of about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019.(报告显示，巴西亚马孙地区的皆伐导致农作物产量减少，2006年至2019年期间经济损失总额约为10亿美元。)”可知，文章主要讨论了森林砍伐对农业生产及经济的影响，选项A“砍伐森林：它能增加收入？”这个标题能够引发读者对森林砍伐与农民收入之间关系的思考，与短文的主题紧密相关。故选A。 2.（2025·河北省沧州市盐山县河北省盐山中学高三月考）Wild African elephants address each other with name-like calls, a rare ability among nonhuman animals, according to a new study published in Nature Ecology and Evolution. The researchers from Save the Elephants, a research and conservation organization based in Kenya, used machine learning to confirm that elephant calls contained a name-like component identifying the intended recipient. When the researchers played back recorded calls, elephants responded to calls that were addressed to them by calling back or approaching the speaker. Calls meant for other elephants received less of a reaction. “Elephants are expressive animals,” said George Wittemyer, an author of the study, “and their reactions are easy to read to those familiar with them. When the researchers played back samples, the elephants responded energetically and positively to recordings of their friends and family members calling to them but did not react enthusiastically or move toward calls directed to others, demonstrating that they recognized their names.” The study lasted four years and included 14 months of fieldwork in Kenya, with the researchers following elephants in a vehicle and recording their vocalizations. About 470 distinct calls were collected from 101 unique callers corresponding with 117 unique receivers in Samburu National Reserve and Amboseli National Park. The researchers said much more data would be needed to distinguish the names within the calls and determine whether elephants name other things they interact with, like food, water and places. “Unfortunately, we can’t have them speak into microphones,” Wittemyer said, noting the barriers to collecting enough data. New insights into elephant communication revealed by the study strengthen the case for their conservation, the researchers said. Elephants are classified as endangered, due to hunting and habitat loss. Because of their size, they need a lot of space and can be destructive to property and dangerous to people. While conversing with them remains a distant dream, Wittemyer said that being able to talk with them could be a game changer for their protection. 74．How did the researchers draw their conclusion? A．By identifying the intended recipients’ family. B．By analyzing the researchers’ calls with machines. C．By referring to an expert’s personal experience. D．By observing elephants’ reaction to played calls. 75．What do the researchers need to do next? A．Classify the species of elephants. B．Collect sufficient elephants’ calls. C．Keep elephants away from people. D．Change elephants’ calls randomly. 76．What is Wittemyer’s opinion on people’s communicating with elephants? A．It will be a reality soon. B．It is of great significance. C．It remains impossible forever. D．It is useless to their protection. 77．Where does the text most probably appear? A．In a science magazine. B．In a biology textbook. C．In an animal care guide. D．In an interview. 【答案】74．D 75．B 76．B 77．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究，即野生非洲大象会用类似名字的叫声来互相称呼，这是非人类动物中罕见的能力。 74．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers from Save the Elephants, a research and conservation organization based in Kenya, used machine learning to confirm that elephant calls contained a name-like component identifying the intended recipient. When the researchers played back recorded calls, elephants responded to calls that were addressed to them by calling back or approaching the speaker. Calls meant for other elephants received less of a reaction.(来自肯尼亚研究和保护组织‘拯救大象’的研究人员使用机器学习来确认大象的叫声中包含了一个类似名字的成分，用以识别预期的接收者。当研究人员播放录制的叫声时，大象会对针对它们的叫声做出回应，通过回叫或靠近扬声器。而针对其他大象的叫声则反应较少。)”可知，研究人员是通过观察大象对播放的叫声的反应得出结论的。故选D。 75．推理判断题。根据第五段“The researchers said much more data would be needed to distinguish the names within the calls and determine whether elephants name other things they interact with, like food, water and places. ‘Unfortunately, we can’t have them speak into microphones,’ Wittemyer said, noting the barriers to collecting enough data.(研究人员表示，需要更多的数据来区分叫声中的名字，并确定大象是否会为它们互动的其他事物命名，比如食物、水和地方。Wittemyer说:‘不幸的是，我们不能让它们对着麦克风说话。’他指出了收集足够数据的障碍。)”可推知，研究人员接下来需要收集足够的大象叫声。故选B。 76．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While conversing with them remains a distant dream, Wittemyer said that being able to talk with them could be a game changer for their protection.(虽然与它们交谈仍然是一个遥远的梦想，但Wittemyer表示，能够与它们交谈可能会改变它们保护的局面。)”可知，Wittemyer认为人与大象交流具有重要意义。故选B。 77．推理判断题。根据第一段“Wild African elephants address each other with name-like calls, a rare ability among nonhuman animals, according to a new study published in Nature Ecology and Evolution.(根据发表在《自然·生态与进化》杂志上的一项新研究，野生非洲大象会用类似名字的叫声来互相称呼，这是非人类动物中罕见的能力。)”可推知，文章介绍了一项新的科学研究，最可能出现在一本科学杂志上。故选A。 3.（2025·辽宁省沈阳市高三上学期一模）In a study, 152 college students exposed to misinformation read one of two articles intended to give correct and scientifically backed information. Those who read an article that had “just the facts” preserved more misconceptions than those who read an article with a refutation — meaning it specifically pointed out the false claims before presenting the facts. For this study, researchers first tested what the student participants knew about putting fluoride (氟化物) in water. The students then read two articles: one with false information saying that fluoridation is harmful and the other presenting the scientific ideas that fluoridation is safe and prevents dental disease. The participants all read the same misinformation, but different groups read an article with the correct information either in a traditional “just the facts” style or one that first refuted the misinformation. The study also tested the effects of having the participants read the correct article before, or after, the misinformation. A post-test revealed that the students still learned under all four conditions — but the group that performed the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a “just the facts” type text. Those who had read the refutation article either before, or after, the misinformation had fewer misconceptions. They also had more positive emotions toward the subject. With large amounts of information easily available online, it can be hard for many people to sort fact from falsehood. This can cause a problem called “conceptual pollution” — when learning incorrect information gives rise to intervention and confusion in learning the correct information. “Your mind doesn’t discriminate for content. Whether it’s a correct conception or a misconception, it just absorbs it,” Danielson, a psychology researcher, says. Researchers like him are looking for ways to teach science that break through the noise of misinformation. This study and others prove that a refutation approach is prospective. Researchers also perceive the refutational approach works well for topics from physics and chemistry to highly political ones. 1．What do we know about the student participants in the study? A．They were divided into two groups. B．They got misinformation first. C．They were shown right information. D．They read the same two articles. 2．In what order did the poorest-performing group read the articles? A．Misinformation first, then refutation. B．“Just the facts” first, then misinformation. C．Refutation first, then misinformation. D．Misinformation first, then “just the facts”. 3．What does the underlined word “noise” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Correction. B．Disturbance. C．Occurrence. D．Comprehension. 4．How does the text develop? A．Fact — Contrast — Explanation — Expectation B．Introduction — Process — Result — Conclusion C．Background — Problem — Analysis — Solution D．Topic — Classification — Discussion — Outcome 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项关于信息纠正方式对大学生学习正确科学知识影响的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In a study, 152 college students exposed to misinformation read one of two articles intended to give correct and scientifically backed information.(在一项研究中，152名接触到错误信息的大学生阅读了两篇旨在提供正确和科学支持信息的文章中的一篇)”可知，参与研究的学生首先得到的是错误信息。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“A post-test revealed that the students still learned under all four conditions — but the group that performed the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a “just the facts” type text.(测试后结果显示，学生在所有四种情况下都有所学习——但表现最差的一组是先看到了错误信息，然后是“仅事实”类型的文本)”可知，表现最差的一组阅读文章的顺序是首先是错误信息，然后才是“事实”。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“With large amounts of information easily available online, it can be hard for many people to sort fact from falsehood. This can cause a problem called “conceptual pollution”—when learning incorrect information gives rise to intervention and confusion in learning the correct information.(由于大量信息可以在网上轻松获取，许多人很难区分事实和虚假。这可能会导致一个被称为“概念污染”的问题——当学习不正确的信息时，会导致在学习正确信息时的干预和混乱)”和划线词后的“of misinformation(错误信息的)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“像他这样的研究人员正在寻找能够突破错误信息干扰的科学教学方法”，noise意为“干扰”，和disturbance意思相近。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“In a study, 152 college students exposed to misinformation read one of two articles intended to give correct and scientifically backed information.(在一项研究中，152名接触到错误信息的大学生阅读了两篇旨在提供正确和科学支持信息的文章中的一篇。)”可知，第一段引出了话题，根据第二段“For this study, researchers first tested what the student participants knew about putting fluoride (氟化物) in water. The students then read two articles: one with false information saying that fluoridation is harmful and the other presenting the scientific ideas that fluoridation is safe and prevents dental disease.(在这项研究中，研究人员首先测试了学生参与者对于在水中添加氟化物（fluoride）的了解程度。然后，学生们阅读了两篇文章：一篇包含错误信息，声称氟化是有害的；另一篇则提出了科学的观点，认为氟化是安全的，可以预防牙科疾病)”可知，第二段说明了研究的过程，根据第三段“A post-test revealed that the students still learned under all four conditions——but the group that performed the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a “just the facts” type text.(测试后结果显示，学生在所有四种情况下都有所学习——但表现最差的一组是先看到了错误信息，然后是“仅事实”类型的文本)”可知，第三段说明的是研究结果，根据最后一段“Researchers like him are looking for ways to teach science that break through the noise of misinformation. This study and others prove that a refutation approach is prospective. Researchers also perceive the refutational approach works well for topics from physics and chemistry to highly political ones.(像他这样的研究人员正在寻找能够突破错误信息干扰的科学教学方法。这项研究以及其他研究都证明，反驳的方法是有前景的。研究人员还认为，反驳的方法在物理、化学乃至高度政治性的话题上都行之有效)”可知，文章是按“引言—过程—结果—结论”的顺序展开的。故选B。 题型五 阅读理解之推理判断---作者的写作态度 1.（2025·安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三第一次质量检测）Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the “world’s most advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand. The Groningen-based company today announced a fresh cash injection of €1. 5 million to promote the development of the product, which uses an inbuilt camera system, motion sensors, and artificial intelligence to capture text written on paper. “Just write, and Nuwa Pen digitizes, ” Marc Tuinier, Nuwa's CEO, told us. All the notes are then stored on the startup’s app. They can then be organized, shared, and integrated with other apps. A particularly fascinating feature is intelligent notes, which scans and identifies rich text items such as dates, to-dos, and phone numbers from the notes. Users can then link the data with, for instance, their calendar, to-do app, or phone book. The feature is integrated with over 50 apps. Nuwa compares it to a personal assistant that puts you on top of your schedule. Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen and notebook. While many smart pens only work on screens or digital writing systems, Nuwa promises adaptability with every type of paper. The product also uses regular ink refills. “Other smart pen brands rely on special dotted paper to recognize what the user is writing, so you’ll also be stuck buying their paper, ” Tuinier said. “Nuwa Pen can be used on any paper. ” The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — about as much as a single AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous writing. Three tiny cameras are used to digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors. All the data is then processed directly on the device. “Capturing handwriting from these sensors in the pen itself, while a pen is constantly moving, is an extremely difficult task to get right — and we’ve done it, ” Tuinier said. By combining the trusty old ballpoint pen with the digital world, Nuwa hopes that it can solve one of those needs. The device is now available for pre-order. 82．What is the primary function of the Nuwa Pen? A．Intergrating pens with other apps. B．Organizing handwritten notes digitally. C．Combining all apps into a single platform. D．Providing a solution for personal schedules. 83．Who is the Nuwa Pen’s main target buyer? A．People who prefer typing over handwriting. B．People who show interest in smart ink refills. C．People who have an extra budget for paper purchase. D．People who appreciate traditional pen and paper writing. 84．Why does the author list a series of numbers in the last paragraph? A．To show how portable the device is. B．To explain the structure of the cameras. C．To demonstrate the device’s operating time. D．To describe the materials used in the device. 85．What is the author’s attitude towards the Nuwa Pen? A．Doubtful. B．Uncertain. C．Neutral. D．Enthusiastic. 【答案】82．B 83．D 84．A 85．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。荷兰初创公司Nuwa发明了“世界上最先进的笔”，它可以将手写的笔记数字化。文章介绍了这种笔的工作原理和优点等。 82．细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the “world’s most advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand.(荷兰初创公司Nuwa声称已经发明了“世界上最先进的笔”，可以将手写的笔记数字化。)”可知，Nuwa笔的主要功能是数字化整理手写笔记。故选B项。 83．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen and notebook.(Nuwa的目标客户是那些仍然喜欢用笔和笔记本写字的人。)”可知，Nuwa Pen的主要目标客户是喜欢用传统的纸和笔书写的人。故选D项。 84．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — about as much as a single AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous writing. Three tiny cameras are used to digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors.( Nuwa系统是围绕微小设计而构建的。这款设备的重量只有28克，大约相当于一节AA电池的重量，但它提供的电量足以连续书写两小时。三个微型相机用2个mm×2毫米的传感器将文本数字化。)”可知，作者在最后一段列出一系列数字是为了展示这种笔的小巧，说明这个设备的便携性。故选A项。 85．推理判断题。本文介绍的是荷兰初创公司Nuwa发明的“世界上最先进的笔”，它可以将手写的笔记数字化。作者介绍了这种笔的工作原理和优点等，未表达自己的观点，所以作者的态度是中立的。故选C项。 2.（2025·湖南省娄底市娄底市名校联盟高三月考）In Mirabella, a 20-storey “university retirement community” at Arizona State University (ASU), a group of men and women sit attentively in class, writing notes or taking photos of the slides. But the hearing aids hint at how unusual this class is. Mirabella is home to over 300 retirees. When it opened in 2020, the senior-living facility was nearly fully subscribed. Most residents get a university pass, which allows them to attend the same classes and cultural events as students, without having to take exams. Golf trucks can drive them around the campus, though many are still fit enough to mountain bike. In their dorms, restaurants serve good food and the facilities include an art studio, a pool and gym, and a games room. Only the second floor feels institutional, with a memory-care centre and rooms for residents who need round-the-clock attention. This is part of a wider trend. An estimated 85 colleges in America provide some forms of senior living. The idea sprang from two college presidents who wanted to retire on campus in the 1980s. Today, universities offer senior-living arrangements, with as many as 20,000 older Americans living like this. With more than 10,000 baby-boomers in America turning 65 every day, the opportunity for alternative forms of retirement is large. Compared with previous generations, boomers are wealthy, educated and picky. They want to remain active, stimulated and not locked away. These wishes can all be met on a university campus. For universities, welcoming retirees can make sense, too. Nationally, undergraduate enrolment has dropped. The smartest universities provide continued care-including for the very last stage of life. Bill, an 80-year-old former newspaper editor, moved to Mirabella with his wife two years ago. They have made friends with residents and with younger students. “Being among young people is really invigorating,” said Bill. At a discussion group about AI, one of the topics was whether a lifespan of 200 or 250 years would be desirable. “The 20-year-olds were enthusiastic,” he reflected, but those in their 70s and 80s had some reservations. 7．What implies the difference of the group of people attending class in Mirabella? A．They don’t take notes in class. B．They take photos of the lectures. C．Some of them wear hearing aids. D．They have their own institutions. 8．What’s the trend described in the text? A．Colleges provide senior living services. B．Senior professors remain active in class. C．Baby-boomers have changed social norms. D．Seniors come back to class for education. 9．What does the underlined word “invigorating” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Astonishing. B．Demanding. C．Depressing. D．Inspiring. 10．How does the author view the universities’ welcome of retirees? A．Negatively. B．Positively. C．Indifferently. D．Objectively. 【答案】7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国一些大学为老年人提供退休生活服务的现象，并分析了这一趋势的原因及其对老年人和大学双方的益处。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But the hearing aids hint at how unusual this class is.(但是助听器暗示了这个班级有多么不寻常)”可知，有些人戴着助听器，这暗示了参加弥拉贝拉课堂的人群的不同之处。故选C项。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Today, universities offer senior-living arrangements, with as many as 20,000 older Americans living like this(如今，大学提供老年生活安排，多达2万名美国老年人过着这样的生活)”可知，文本描述的趋势是大学提供老年生活服务。故选A项。 9．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“They have made friends with residents and with younger students. (他们和居民以及年轻学生交朋友)”以及“Being among young people is really…,” said Bill.(和年轻人在一起真的很……，比尔说)”可知，他们和居民以及年轻学生交朋友，由此可推知他们和年轻人在一起感到生机勃勃，invigorating的意思是“感到生机勃勃的”，与D项“Inspiring(鼓舞人心的)”含义接近。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For universities, welcoming retirees can make sense, too. (对大学来说，欢迎退休人员也是有道理的)”可知作者认为对大学来说，欢迎退休人员也是有道理的，可推知，作者对大学欢迎退休人员的态度是积极的。故选B项。 3.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三教学质量统测）Meta has announced third-party AR filters (滤镜) will no longer be available on its apps, including Instagram, as of January 2025. Filters have become a key feature on Instagram. The most popular of these — which often involve beautifying the user’s appearance — are created by users themselves via the Meta Spark Studio. However, the use of beautifying AR filters has long been connected to worsened mental health and body image problems in young women. So, why wait until now to remove a popular but controversial (有争议的) technology? In April 2024, Meta added a US $35-40 billion investment in the technology and is pulling AR technology in-house. Filters will not be going away altogether on Instagram. First-party filters created by Meta will continue to be available. At present, the 140 filters available on Instagram’s official account are insignificant compared to the library of millions of filters created by third-parties and these official filters do not feature any beautifying ones. The removal of third-party filters will see complex and realistic beautifying filters gone from Meta platforms. However, this is hardly cause for celebration. Now, after having access to AR filters on Instagram for seven years, users are even more habituated to their presence. They also have many more alternatives to access a version of the technology inside another app. When people post with a filter on Instagram, a watermark that links to the filter and its creator appears on the image. This watermark is important to assist users in determining whether someone’s appearance is changed or not. Some users get around the watermark by downloading their filtered photo, and re-uploading it so their filtered appearance is more difficult to detect. By removing popular beauty filters from Instagram, this practice will become the default (默认的) way for users to post with these filters on the platform. The removal of beauty filters on Instagram will not stop their use. Instead, it will drive users to other platforms to access filters. These filters will be more sophisticated and harder to detect when they are re-posted cross platform, without the benefit of having the watermark indicator. 5．What change has Meta made to its AR strategy? A．It will release beautifying filters in the near future. B．It has reduced the variety of third-party filters available. C．It has decided to develop AR technology independently. D．It will continue investing in third-party filter development. 6．What might Meta’s decision about AR filters lead to? A．Higher quality of third-party filters. B．Enhanced regulation on AR technology. C．Users’ greater reliance on alternative apps. D．Users’ increasing use of Meta’s official filters. 7．What can be inferred about Instagram’s watermark? A．It seems to be ineffective. B．It brings users lots of trouble. C．It’s hard to notice by one’s eyes. D．It’s a good way to prevent identity theft. 8．What is the author’s attitude to Meta’s decision on AR filters? A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Favorable. D．Doubtful. 【答案】5．C 6．C 7．A 8．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Meta公司关于其AR滤镜策略的改变，即决定在2025年1月起，包括Instagram在内的应用将不再提供第三方AR滤镜。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, the use of beautifying AR filters has long been connected to worsened mental health and body image problems in young women.(然而，使用美化AR滤镜长期以来都与年轻女性的心理健康和身体形象问题恶化有关)”和第三段“In April 2024, Meta added a US $35-40 billion investment in the technology and is pulling AR technology in-house. Filters will not be going away altogether on Instagram. First-party filters created by Meta will continue to be available.(2024年4月，Meta在这项技术上追加了350亿至400亿美元的投资，并将AR技术引入公司内部。Instagram上的滤镜不会完全消失。由Meta创建的第一方滤镜将继续可用)”可知，Meta决定独立开发AR技术，而不是继续依赖第三方滤镜。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据第五段“Now, after having access to AR filters on Instagram for seven years, users are even more habituated to their presence. They also have many more alternatives to access a version of the technology inside another app.(现在，在Instagram上使用AR滤镜七年后，用户更加习惯了它们的存在。他们还有更多的选择来访问另一个应用程序中的该技术版本)”可知，Meta关于AR滤镜的决定可能会导致用户更加依赖替代应用程序来访问类似的滤镜功能。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第六段“Some users get around the watermark by downloading their filtered photo, and re-uploading it so their filtered appearance is more difficult to detect.(一些用户通过下载他们的过滤照片，然后重新上传来绕过水印，这样他们的过滤外观就更难被检测到)”可推知，Instagram的水印似乎并不那么有效，因为用户可以找到方法绕过它。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The removal of beauty filters on Instagram will not stop their use. Instead, it will drive users to other platforms to access filters. These filters will be more sophisticated and harder to detect when they are re-posted cross platform, without the benefit of having the watermark indicator.(Instagram上移除美颜滤镜并不会阻止人们使用它们。相反，这将促使用户转向其他平台来获取滤镜。当这些滤镜跨平台重新发布时，它们将更加复杂，更难被检测到，因为没有水印指示器的优势)”可知，作者认为Meta的决定并不能有效阻止美颜滤镜的使用，反而可能导致用户转向其他平台，使用更复杂、更难检测的滤镜，这表明作者对Meta的决定持怀疑态度。故选D。 题型六 阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章出处 1.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三新高考适应性考试）Nowadays some documentaries kind of blow viewers away with their unique shooting skills and fascinating insights. Here are three picks among them for 2024. ● Fantasy Westward Journey Chief Director: Liu Yile   Length: Six Episodes Producers: Chen Xiaoyu  Broadcasting Platforms: Bilibili This film series is the first game documentary created by NetEase and a CCTV production team. It shows the integration of video game production with traditional shadow play art, ancient building restoration techniques, and movable-type printing, which embodies the connection between Chinese intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) and video game production. ● Beautiful Guangdong and Wild Lingnan Producers: Rong Mingchang, Liu Jiangtao    Length: Five Episodes Producers: Nanfang Metropolis Daily, N video   Broadcasting Platforms: Tencent Video, Bilibili Rich with mountains, coasts and valleys, Lingnan area in the south of China is blessed with thousands of recorded animals and plants. This documentary series focuses on geographical features, presenting the beautiful scenery and vitality of wild creatures native to Guangdong Province. ● A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ) Directors: Jia Li, Liang Shuai   Length: Ten Episodes Producers: I-TALK   Broadcasting Platforms: Bilibili This documentary is the first on-the-spot interview series about personalities in the field of architecture in China. Each episode features an interview with star architects like Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning at the construction site, filming the moment of inspiration and the spirit of the modern era. It aims to show a deep understanding of the essence of architecture—it is not only the presentation of the architect’s design, but also a shared space that everyone can interact with through body and mind. 7．Who document various wild creatures in the southern China? A．Liu Yile and Chen XiaoyuJia B．Li and Liang Shuai C．Rong Mingchang and Liu Jiangtao D．Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning 8．What is special about A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ)? A．It broadcasts on Bilibili. B．It features face-to-face talks. C．It presents restoration skills. D．It showcases the modern art. 9．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A magazine. B．A brochure. C．A report. D．A textbook. 【答案】7．C 8．B 9．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了 2024 年三部值得一看的纪录片，包括《梦幻西游》《大美广东 野性岭南》以及《与建筑师的对话（第二季）》，分别介绍了它们的主创人员、时长、播放平台以及各自的特色内容。 7．细节理解题。根据“Beautiful Guangdong and Wild Lingnan”部分中“Producers: Rong Mingchang, Liu Jiangtao Length: Five Episodes; This documentary series focuses on geographical features, presenting the beautiful scenery and vitality of wild creatures native to Guangdong Province(制片人：荣明昌、刘江涛；集数：五集；本纪录片系列聚焦地理风貌，展现广东省本土野生动植物的美丽景色和生命力)”可知，制片人荣明昌和刘江涛制作的《大美广东 野性岭南》这部纪录片聚焦于地理特征，展示了广东省本土野生动物的美丽景色和活力，也就是他们记录了中国南方的各种野生动物。所以记录中国南方各种野生动物的是荣明昌和刘江涛，故选C项。 8．细节理解题。根据“A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ)”部分中“This documentary is the first on-the-spot interview series about personalities in the field of architecture in China. Each episode features an interview with star architects like Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning at the construction site, filming the moment of inspiration and the spirit of the modern era(本纪录片是中国首部关于建筑领域人物的实地访谈系列片。每集都有对明星建筑师如马岩松、李晓明等在施工现场的采访，拍摄灵感时刻和现代精神)”可知，《与建筑师的对话（第二季）》这部纪录片是中国第一部关于建筑领域人物的现场采访系列片，每一集都有在建筑工地对马岩松和李翔宁等明星建筑师的采访，拍摄灵感瞬间和现代精神。所以它的特别之处在于以面对面的访谈为特色，故选B项。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nowadays some documentaries kind of blow viewers away with their unique shooting skills and fascinating insights. Here are three picks among them for 2024(如今，一些纪录片以独特的拍摄技巧和引人入胜的视角震撼着观众。以下是2024年其中三部精选之作)”、“Beautiful Guangdong and Wild Lingnan”部分中“Producers: Rong Mingchang, Liu Jiangtao Length: Five Episodes; This documentary series focuses on geographical features, presenting the beautiful scenery and vitality of wild creatures native to Guangdong Province(制片人：荣明章、刘江涛；集数：五集；本纪录片系列聚焦地理风貌，展现广东省本土野生动植物的美丽景色和生命力)”以及“A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ)”部分中“This documentary is the first on-the-spot interview series about personalities in the field of architecture in China. Each episode features an interview with star architects like Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning at the construction site, filming the moment of inspiration and the spirit of the modern era(本纪录片是中国首部关于建筑领域人物的实地访谈系列片。每集都有对明星建筑师如马岩松、李晓明等在施工现场的采访，拍摄灵感时刻和现代精神)”可知，文章主要介绍了 2024 年三部值得一看的纪录片，包括它们的主创人员、时长、播放平台以及各自的特色内容，这种对不同纪录片的介绍和推荐比较符合杂志的内容范畴，可推理出这篇文章可能取自一本杂志，故选A项。 2.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）There are always some places that seem to go well beyond our earthly expectations. These incredible locations are similar to those in science fictions, catching our imagination and transporting us to otherworldly grounds. Cappadocia, Turkey Located in central Anatolia, the area is known for its unusual rock formations known as “fairy chimneys.” These columns, created by volcanoes and erosion (腐蚀) over millions of years, give the region its otherworldly appearance. Tsingy de Bemaraha The remarkable sight attracts visitors with its unique limestone (石灰石) formations. Stretching over 1,500-square kilometers, Tsingy, which means “where one cannot walk barefoot,” contains sharp surfaces and underground caves, forming a dramatic landscape. Adventurers can explore the park via bridges and ladders to witness the breathtaking beauty of this natural wonder. Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park Located in China’s Gansu province, Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park contains landforms that are one of nature’s masterpieces. Its vivid, rainbow-colored rock formations have been shaped by wind and water erosion over millions of years. The layers of red, orange and yellow create a landscape that looks as if it were on a different planet altogether. Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula Located within the remarkable landscapes of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, the cenotes (洞井) present a place of otherworldly beauty. These natural sinkholes, created by the collapse of their limestone base, open up into charming underground caves and shining pools. Rays of sunlight dance through the openings in the walls, lighting up the waters below, telling a tale of nature’s artistry. Visiting these places not only provides a visual feast, but also reminds us of the incredible wonder here on Earth. 1．What is unique about Tsingy de Bemaraha? A．It features sharp grounds. B．It lies partly underground. C．It witnesses volcanic activities. D．It contains limestone bridges. 2．Where can visitors appreciate colorful rocks? A．Cappadocia, Turkey. B．Tsingy de Bemaraha. C．Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park. D．Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula. 3．Where is this text probably from? A．A geography textbook. B．An architecture report. C．A travel magazine. D．An art album. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个极具视觉冲击力、仿佛超越地球的神奇自然景观，包括位于土耳其的卡帕多西亚、马达加斯加的贝马拉哈石林、中国的张掖丹霞地貌以及墨西哥尤卡坦半岛，这些地方展示了自然奇观和地质魅力。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Tsingy, which means “where one cannot walk barefoot,”contains sharp surfaces and underground caves, forming a dramatic landscape(“Tsingy”意为“不能光脚走的地方”，包含尖锐的地表和地下洞穴，形成了戏剧性的景观)”可知，Tsingy de Bemaraha以其尖锐的地表为特征。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Its vivid, rainbow-colored rock formations have been shaped by wind and water erosion over millions of years(它生动的彩虹色岩层是经过数百万年的风化和水蚀形成的)”以及描述张掖丹霞地貌颜色的“layers of red, orange and yellow(红色、橙色和黄色的多层岩石)”可知，在中国的张掖丹霞地貌可以观赏到色彩斑斓的岩层。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“There are always some places that seem to go well beyond our earthly expectations. These incredible locations are similar to those in science fictions, catching our imagination and transporting us to otherworldly grounds.(总有一些地方似乎远远超出了我们世俗的期望。这些令人难以置信的地点与科幻小说中的相似，激发了我们的想象力，把我们带到另一个世界)”并结合下文可知，文章介绍了几个极具视觉冲击力、仿佛超越地球的神奇自然景观，包括位于土耳其的卡帕多西亚、马达加斯加的贝马拉哈石林、中国的张掖丹霞地貌以及墨西哥尤卡坦半岛，这些地方展示了自然奇观和地质魅力。所以推测短文来自旅游杂志。故选C项。 3.（2025·甘肃临夏州高中高三期末质量检测）Perhaps you’ve seen a giant sculpture of a fork, and wondered, how on Earth is this art? I’ll bet you didn’t dare ask it out loud, for fear of looking awkward. Luckily for us, Bianca Bosker is willing to dive into the art world in Get the Picture, where she explores the spiritual richness art itself provides. She sets out to develop what art lovers call an “Eye” a keen perception (感知) to separate the “good” art from the“bad”. She finds out that the art world can be tough for people who can’t afford art school and there’s a lot of mean behavior from those at the top. Even though Bosker’s experiences might make you feel less sure about art, she keeps looking deeper and finds out that art can make people happy, whether they’re creating it or just looking at it. While expanding on the meaning of art, Bosker demonstrates that our brains have a “filter (过滤器)” that helps us quickly understand the world around us. This filter lets us ignore some things and focus on others. This filter allows us to take mental shortcuts and dismiss certain visual details to rapidly process our chaotic environment. One function of art, Bosker writes, is to remove this filter to reexamine the world with renewed wonder. Art has a curing quality, a fact that’s seized upon by doctors who will ask the patients to visit art museums. Over two dozen medical schools require students to study paintings to avoid jumping to conclusions. Instead of lecturing from an authoritative angle, Bosker lets readers witness at eye level her growing clarity of art’s function. In the end, readers don’t get a complete answer for humankind’s fascination with art. Bosker instead offers her own interpretation: Art is a way to find beauty and heighten our appreciation for life. In laying bare the truth of an “Eye”. Bosker argues that art is everywhere and can be anything, as long as we’re open to letting what we see move us. By the last page, you’ll be forced to revisit that fork sculpture and behold the artwork with fresh eyes. 4．What is the main purpose of Get the Picture? A．To criticize the sculpture art world. B．To prove that art has no spiritual value. C．To explain how to appreciate art. D．To argue that art has no curing quality. 5．What does the term “Eye” refer to in the second paragraph? A．The ability to perceive art critically. B．A physical condition that affects vision. C．A type of art school training program. D．The way artists sign their own work. 6．What does Bosker suggest in the last paragraph? A．We should appreciate art with a professional background. B．We should be open to letting art affect us emotionally. C．We should focus on the spiritual value of art works. D．We should visit art museums as often as we can. 7．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry. 【答案】4．C 5．A 6．B 7．B 【解析】本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了Bianca Bosker的《Get the Picture》一书，介绍了该书的主题，以及作者在书中的经历和发现。并总结了书的观点，讲述了这本书对读者的启发。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Perhaps you’ve seen a giant sculpture of a fork, and wondered, how on Earth is this art? I’ll bet you didn’t dare ask it out loud, for fear of looking awkward. Luckily for us, Bianca Bosker is willing to dive into the art world in Get the Picture, where she explores the spiritual richness art itself provides.(或许你曾见过一座巨大的餐叉雕塑，心里琢磨着，这究竟怎么就成了艺术？我敢打赌，你不敢大声问出来，生怕显得自己很外行。对我们来说幸运的是， Bianca Bosker在《Get the Picture》一书中勇闯艺术世界，探究艺术本身所蕴含的精神内涵。)”可知，这本书主要是探索艺术的精神内涵，并且培养一种欣赏艺术的“慧眼”，即解释如何欣赏艺术。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据这个单词所在句“She sets out to develop what art lovers call an “Eye” a keen perception (感知) to separate the “good” art from the “bad”.(她着手培养艺术爱好者口中“Eye”，即一种敏锐的感知力，用以区分“好”艺术与“坏”艺术。)”可推测，“Eye”是一种能够敏锐地分辨“好”艺术和“坏”艺术的感知能力，也就是批判性地感知艺术的能力。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Bosker argues that art is everywhere and can be anything, as long as we’re open to letting what we see move us. By the last page, you’ll be forced to revisit that fork sculpture and behold the artwork with fresh eyes.(在揭示“Eye”的真谛时，Bosker主张艺术无处不在，任何事物皆可成为艺术，只要我们敞开心扉，让所见之物触动自己。读到最后一页，你会忍不住重新审视那座餐叉雕塑，以全新的眼光去看待这件艺术品。)”可知，Bosker认为只要我们敞开心扉，让我们看到的艺术作品打动自己，艺术无处不在，任何事物都可以是艺术，即我们应该开放心态让艺术在情感上影响我们。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇引出 Bianca Bosker 的《Get the Picture》这本书，接着介绍书中作者对艺术的探索，如培养“慧眼”、艺术世界的情况、艺术的功能等内容，最后总结书的观点及对读者的启发，符合书评对书籍内容进行介绍、分析和评价的特点，所以是一篇书评。故选B。 题型七 阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章走势 1.（2025·山东省德州市优高联盟九校联考高三月考）You may regard a wave as a common gesture, but what happens when you wave to your European friend across the street and she turns to walk the other way? It isn't because your friend is tired of your company. While most Americans interpret a wave as a friendly greeting or goodbye, the same movement is just as likely to express no in parts of Europe and Latin America. The same dissonance is true of other signals: showing the number two by holding up two fingers with the palm facing inward is inoffensive in most of the world, but it's a rude gesture in the United Kingdom and Australia. The most common understanding of the subject relates body language to spoken language. Gestures with specific meanings, while informally called “body language, belong to the field of kinesics(人体动作学), an area of study that distinguishes these movements from instinctive actions, such as smiling when happy. Developed by Ray Birdwhistell in the 1950s, kinesics uses the building blocks of linguistics to understand how gestures produce meaning. As the units of sound that form spoken words are called phonemes(音素), the units of movement that form kinesic gestures are called kinemes—and, as the same phoneme can communicate a different meaning across languages, the same kineme can also communicate different meanings in different cultures or contexts. For example, the thumbs-up kineme indicates praise in North America, but it means something extremely rude in Australia. There's one more mess in understanding nonverbal communication, though. Although body language isn't universal, the emotions behind it may be. In a study performed by American researcher Paul Ekman, participants from the West, insular African communities, and New Guinea were shown a collection of more than 10,000 images illustrating different facial expressions. When 90 percent of participants regardless of cultural background, identified the same emotions in the photos, Ekman concluded that there were at least seven universal facial expressions: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and contempt. 6．What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean? A．Comparison. B．Disharmony. C．Theory. D．Discomfort. 7．What is the similarity between body and spoken language? A．They can be divided into the field of kinesics together. B．They are based on movements from instinctive actions. C．They convey different meanings with the same element. D．They can unite people in different countries and regions. 8．How did Paul Ekman reach his conclusion? A．By interviewing participants from diverse backgrounds. B．By asking participants to show many facial expressions. C．By observing how participants reacted to those images. D．By judging if participants recognized the same emotions. 9．What might be discussed in the following text? A．Other types of facial expressions. B．Applications of facial expressions. C．Drawbacks of Paul Ekman's study. D．Forms of nonverbal communication. 【答案】6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述语言不是通用，但其背后的情感可能是通用的。 6．词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词上文“While most Americans interpret a wave as a friendly greeting or goodbye, the same movement is just as likely to express no in parts of Europe and Latin America.(虽然大多数美国人认为挥手是友好的问候或再见，但在欧洲和拉丁美洲的部分地区，同样的动作也可能表示“不”)”及下文“showing the number two by holding up two fingers with the palm facing inward is inoffensive in most of the world, but it’s a rude gesture in the United Kingdom and Australia.(在世界上大多数地方，举起两根手指，掌心朝内表示数字2是无害的，但在英国和澳大利亚，这是一种粗鲁的手势。)”可知下文在解释这一名词，即同一肢体语言，在不通过地方含义不通过，因此推断划线单词含义是“不一致，差异”。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“As the units of sound that form spoken words are called phonemes(音素), the units of movement that form kinesic gestures are called kinemes — and, as the same phoneme can communicate a different meaning across languages, the same kineme can also communicate different meanings in different cultures or contexts.(构成口语的声音单位被称为音素，构成肢体动作的运动单位被称为势位——同样的音素可以在不同的语言中传达不同的意思，同样的势位也可以在不同的文化或语境中传达不同的意思。)”可知，肢体语言与口语的相似之处是，它们用同样的元素传达了不同的含义。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When 90 percent of participants regardless of cultural background, identified the same emotions in the photos, Ekman concluded that there were at least seven universal facial expressions: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and contempt.(当90%的参与者不分文化背景，在照片中识别出相同的情绪时，Ekman得出结论，至少有七种通用的面部表情：愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、惊讶、快乐、悲伤和蔑视。)”可知，Paul Ekman通过判断参与者是否认识到相同的情绪得出结论。故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When 90 percent of participants regardless of cultural background, identified the same emotions in the photos, Ekman concluded that there were at least seven universal facial expressions: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and contempt.(当90%的参与者不分文化背景，在照片中识别出相同的情绪时，Ekman得出结论，至少有七种通用的面部表情：愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、惊讶、快乐、悲伤和蔑视。)”可知，Paul Ekman发现，在不通过文化背景下，有些面部表情是通用的，因此可以推断接下来要讲述这些通用的面部表情可以有哪些应用。故选B。 2.（2025·山东省济宁市高三上学期1月期末）People’s tendency to follow trends, especially on social media — even when they look silly or take risks doing so — is definitely a common phenomenon. What does psychology say about trend following — and is there a way to break free from the desire to follow the newest craze? According to Psychologist Pamela B．Rutledge, following trends isn’t a sign of character weakness or mental instability. Rather, it is an entirely natural behavior embedded in humanity’s fundamental need to belong to a social group and establish connections with others. Historically, following trends was crucial for our survival. Archaeologists have uncovered evidence that early humans worked together to transport stone tools over long distances about two million years ago in what is now Kenya — cooperation that allowed them to survive in a severe environment. And though following a trend on social media isn’t exactly as important as outrunning a saber-toothed tiger, human evolution has programmed our brains to be receptive to social signals. Another contributing factor the social cognition (认知) — the processes that determine what we notice and how we respond to others — largely takes place in the parts of the brain that oversee sight, pattern recognition, decision-making, empathy, and similar functions. “Thanks to our humans’ complex cognitive systems, our brains are really good at identifying patterns and stimulating behavior that communicates our social status. As a result, you can use almost anything to signal your membership or affiliation with a social group. Giving off the right social signals lets others know which group you belong to or want to engage with — and those signals are monitored and interpreted by others. Referred to as identity signaling, these behaviors can range from putting a bumper sticker on a car to selecting a brand of clothing,” said Rutledge. Almost everyone follows trends in social groups, without exception. However, tweens, teenagers, and young adults are especially likely to follow trends, including risky ones, due to their heightened desire for acceptance and belonging among peers. Therefore, it’s of great significance to guide them during their journey towards maturity. 1．What does Rutledge think of following trends? A．Changeable. B．Reasonable. C．Odd. D．Risky. 2．Why did early humans prefer to follow trends? A．To remove mental weakness. B．To show their social status. C．To live through difficulties. D．To expand their population. 3．What is the hidden meaning of identity signaling? A．Good taste in fashion. B．Blind pursuit of novelty. C．A true reflection of personality. D．A keen thirst for belonging. 4．What will the follow-up paragraph most probably talk about? A．Tips on embracing trends sensibly. B．Insights into forthcoming trends. C．Parental guidance in kids’ future jobs. D．Psychology behind trend adoption. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们跟随潮流的心理现象及原因。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“According to Psychologist Pamela B. Rutledge, following trends isn’t a sign of character weakness or mental instability. Rather, it is an entirely natural behavior embedded in humanity’s fundamental need to belong to a social group and establish connections with others.(根据心理学家Pamela B. Rutledge的说法，跟风并不是性格软弱或精神不稳定的表现。相反，这是一种完全自然的行为，根植于人类属于一个社会群体并与他人建立联系的基本需求)”可知，Rutledge认为跟随潮流是合理的。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Historically, following trends was crucial for our survival.(从历史上看，追随趋势对我们的生存至关重要)”可推知，早期人类跟随潮流主要是为了在困难中生存。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thanks to our humans’ complex cognitive systems, our brains are really good at identifying patterns and stimulating behavior that communicates our social status. As a result, you can use almost anything to signal your membership or affiliation with a social group. Giving off the right social signals lets others know which group you belong to or want to engage with— and those signals are monitored and interpreted by others. Referred to as identity signaling, these behaviors can range from putting a bumper sticker on a car to selecting a brand of clothing,” said(由于人类复杂的认知系统，我们的大脑非常擅长识别模式和刺激能够传达我们社会地位的行为。因此，你几乎可以用任何东西来表明你与一个社会团体的成员身份或隶属关系。发出正确的社交信号会让别人知道你属于哪个群体，或者想要参与其中——而这些信号会被其他人监控和解读。拉特利奇说：“这些行为被称为身份信号，从在汽车保险杠上贴贴纸到选择服装品牌”）可知，身份信号的隐含意思是属于群体的强烈渴望。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Almost everyone follows trends in social groups, without exception. However, tweens, teenagers, and young adults are especially likely to follow trends, including risky ones, due to their heightened desire for acceptance and belonging among peers. Therefore, it’s of great significance to guide them during their journey towards maturity.(几乎每个人都追随社会群体的潮流，无一例外。然而，青少年和年轻人特别容易追随潮流，包括冒险的，因为他们渴望被同龄人接受和归属感。因此，引导他们走向成熟具有重要意义)”可推知，接下来的段落可能会讨论理性接纳潮流的建议。故选A。 Passage 1 1.（2025·广东省深圳市罗湖区高三期末）I have been studying the French language for three years. This field of study has been the hardest but most precious of my life. I would put it above the study of writing simply because I started writing as a 6-year-old boy under my mother’s guidance. I always “felt” I could write. I did not always “feel” I could study a foreign language effectively. But here I am, right now, in a French hotel. I spoke French at the border, when I checked in and when I went to get lunch. I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. I feel, as I always do, like I am lost in the dark, but with each misstep, I find my way more clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French novels; I didn’t feel it at school. I just felt it when I first arrived Paris. I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as important as any reality. The fear of making mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey. Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand, and in that moment. I may feel a bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. They are not the norm (常态), though. The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. 1．How does the author feel about making mistakes in French? A．Awkward. B．Hopeless. C．Competent. D．Rewarding. 2．Why does the author emphasize feelings? A．To highlight his struggles in learning French. B．To show that positive thinking can drive growth. C．To illustrate that people should follow their hearts. D．To clarify his experience in mindset transformation. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The lows are always followed by highs. B．Feeling confident should be made a norm. C．Struggles are an essential part of learning. D．The ups are the real times when learning occurs. 4．Which statement might the author probably agree with? A．Fail again, fail better. B．Stay grounded, work for greatness. C．Accept the lows, wait for the chance. D．Be courageous, explore the unknown. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了学习过程中的挣扎、错误与成长之间的关系，以及这些经历对个人成长的重要性。 1． 推理判断题。根据第二段中“I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. (我说得不流利。我听错单词。我真的不会使用复杂的语法。但我的话完全可以理解，并且达到了目的。)”以及最后一段中“These moments of confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. (这些自信和动力的时刻是宝贵的，因为它们提醒我我已经走了多远。)”可知，作者认为自己在法语中犯错是宝贵的经历，并且能让他意识到自己的进步，故作者认为在法语中犯错是值得的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The fear of making mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The transf$$ 专题03 阅读理解之推理判断题 目录 01 模拟基础练 【题型一】阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断题（最新模拟） 【题型二】阅读理解之推理判断---写作目的和意图题（最新模拟） 【题型三】阅读理解之推理判断---描述人物或事件的特征（最新模拟） 【题型四】阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法题（最新模拟） 【题型五】阅读理解之推理判断---作者的写作态度（最新模拟） 【题型六】阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章出处（最新模拟） 【题型七】阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章走势（最新模拟） 02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题） 03 真题实战练 【说明】因为是二轮复习，所以为了保持语篇的完整性，没有对语篇进行删减，对推理判断题进行了蓝色标注。 题型一 阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断题 1.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三期末）In recent years, the landscape of education has been significantly transformed by the rise of online learning. As technology continues to advance, an increasing number of students are choosing online courses, leading to a heated debate about whether online learning can replace traditional offline learning. Online learning offers several distinct advantages. Firstly, it provides remarkable flexibility. Students can access course materials and lectures at any time and from anywhere, as long as they have an internet connection. This is especially beneficial for those with busy schedules or those who live in remote areas. For example, a student who has a part - time job can study during their free time without having to worry about commuting to a physical classroom. Secondly, online learning platforms often offer a vast range of courses. Learners can choose from various subjects and levels, enabling them to customize their learning experience according to their interests and needs. However, online learning also has its drawbacks. One of the main challenges is the lack of face - to - face interaction. Without direct communication with teachers and classmates, students may find it difficult to ask questions immediately and engage in in - depth discussions. Additionally, online learning requires a high level of self - discipline. In the absence of a physical classroom environment, some students may struggle to stay focused and motivated. On the other hand, traditional offline learning has its own merits. In a classroom setting, students can have immediate feedback from teachers. Teachers can observe students’ reactions, understand their difficulties, and provide timely guidance. Moreover, the in - person interaction among classmates can foster a sense of community and teamwork. Group projects and class discussions in a physical classroom can enhance students’ communication skills and ability to work together. Nevertheless, offline learning is not without limitations. It is restricted by time and space. Students need to attend classes at specific times and locations, which can be inconvenient. For instance, bad weather or transportation problems may prevent students from reaching the classroom on time. In conclusion, both online learning and offline learning have their own advantages and disadvantages. Instead of seeing one as a complete replacement for the other, we should combine the two methods to create a more effective and comprehensive learning environment. 5．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The development of online learning. B．The comparison between online learning and offline learning. C．The advantages of offline learning. D．The challenges of online learning. 6．Which of the following is an advantage of online learning? A．It provides immediate feedback from teachers. B．It offers a sense of community and teamwork. C．It is highly flexible in terms of time and place. D．It is not affected by the internet connection. 7．What does the underlined word “drawbacks” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Benefits. B．Disadvantages. C．Features. D．Improvements. 8．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Online learning will completely replace offline learning in the future. B．Offline learning is always better than online learning. C．We should make use of the strengths of both learning methods. D．The limitations of offline learning can be easily overcome. 2.（2025·辽宁省东北育才、辽宁省实验中学、大连24中学、大连八中、鞍山一中2024-2025学年高三上学期五校联考期末）For the perfect cup of tea, does one add milk to boiling water, or the opposite? Neither, if new research in the journal Current Biology is to be believed. What must be prepared first, instead, are the microbes (微生物) . Scientists are increasingly aware that the fungi and bacteria living around a plant's roots can significantly affect its growth by enhancing the absorption of critical nutrients like iron and nitrogen. This possibility of enhanced nitrogen absorption was particularly fascinating to tea experts Xin Wei and Tang Wenxin at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University in China because tea plants rely upon nitrogen-rich soil around their roots to produce theanine, an amino acid that generates their unique pleasant flavors. Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang found that theanine production varied widely, even among similar teas. Some highly valued oolong teas such as Rougui, produced a lot of the chemical, whereas others, such as Maoxie, produced less. This difference was particularly obvious in the autumn, when the roots were accumulating theanine. This brought about a natural question. If the microbe community found around Rougui were transplanted to other tea plants, might this increase their theanine production and, in turn, improve their flavor? To explore this, the researchers created a community of microbes made up of 21 bacterial varieties that resembled the community found around Rougui roots and applied them to the roots of Maoxie plants. They report this week that this nearly tripled the theanine accumulation in Maoxie leaves. While the time-consuming process of transforming leaves into drinkable tea has yet to be completed, the researchers have little doubt that there will be big differences. Flavors aside, the Rougui microbe sample that Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang worked with has the potential to make a wider environmental impact. Most farmers, not just tea growers, add some form of nitrogen to their soil to enhance growth. While some of this is absorbed by plants, most runs off during heavy rains and ends up polluting natural water bodies. When the researchers applied their microbial cocktail to soil around the roots of cress (水芹) plants, which is the lab rat of the botanical world, they found that, just as with Maoxie, the newcomers enhanced nitrogen uptake. This suggests that these microbes have the potential to create new flavors while also reducing agricultural pollution. That should be everyone's cup of tea. 23．Which of the following directly determines the flavor of tea? A．Microbes. B．Theanine. C．Nitrogen. D．Fungi. 24．What was the primary goal of the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To determine the effect of microbes on tea leaf color. B．To increase the caffeine content in tea leaves. C．To enhance theanine production in Maoxie tea plants. D．To identify new varieties of tea-producing bacteria. 25．What can we infer about the future of tea production with the use of microbes? A．It is very likely to lead to a significant increase in tea production costs. B．It has the potential to reduce water pollution caused by farming. C．It will replace traditional methods of growing tea entirely. D．Its benefits are limited to certain types of tea plants. 26．What is the best title for the passage? A．Tea Science: Microbes Functioning B．Microbes’ Role: Enhancing Tea Production C．Discovering New Microbe Varieties in Tea Plants D．Rethinking the impact of Microbes on Environment 3.（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）As students and scholars prepare a new academic year, the reliance on computers for note-taking and paper writing has never been greater. Younger students, encouraged or even required to bring laptops to class, have raised concerns among parents about distraction and reduced engagement. University professors complain a decline in classroom focus, with students often multitasking instead of actively listening. Among these debates, a line of research shows the lasting benefits of handwriting — an “innovation” before computers. First, handwriting enhances memory. Putting words on paper with a pen or pencil creates muscle and sensory memories, and the arrangement of words on a page feed into visual memory: people might remember a word they wrote down in French class at the bottom-left on certain page, which enhances learning. Another best-demonstrated advantages of handwriting seems to be in effective note-taking. In a study from 2014 by Pam Mueller and Danny Oppenheimer, students’ typing wrote down almost twice as many words exactly from lectures, suggesting they were not understanding so much as rapidly copying the material. Handwriting — which takes longer for nearly all university-level students — forces note-takers to synthesize (综合) and convey concepts in their own words, thus strengthening learning. Policymakers have also taken note of handwriting’s benefits. Half of the states in the USA, have responded to research advocating for continued handwriting instruction. Sweden advocates for more handwriting and fewer electronic devices, while England authorizes cursive instruction by age seven. Dr. Virginia Berninger, a psychology professor at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of handwriting while acknowledging its integration with digital literacy. She highlights research-backed benefits across different writing styles — from manuscript to cursive — and even typing, which aids in composing coherent passages quickly. Advocating occasional “tuning up” of handwriting skills throughout schooling and possibly into adulthood, Berninger maintains that a balanced approach to writing methods ensures students’ academic and cognitive development. 27．What’s the possible result of younger students using laptops in class? A．Increased engagement. B．Enhanced learning. C．Declined memory. D．Weakened attention. 28．What does the underlined words “feed into” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Enhance. B．Conclude. C．Switch. D．Influence. 29．Which of the following does Berninger agree to do? A．Replace handwriting with digital skills. B．Prioritize digital skills over handwriting. C．Balance handwriting with digital literacy. D．Teach handwriting only in early education. 30．What does the text mainly focus on? A．Handwriting vs. typing in education. B．The decline of handwriting in schools. C．The benefits of handwriting in learning. D．Technology’s impact on student engagement. 4.（2025·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三测试）An ambitious plan to genetically engineer a version of the woolly mammoth (长毛猛犸象), a giant that disappeared 4,000 years ago, is making some progress. A new biosciences and genetics company, Colosal, has raised $15 million to create a mammoth hybeid that looks exactly like its extinct counterpart. The goal isn’t to clone a mammoth, but to create, through genetic engineering, a living, walking elephant-mammoth hybeid. The scientists revealed they had reprogrammed cells from an Asian elephant, the woolly mammoth’s closest living relative. These changed cells can grow into any kind of elephant cell. The research team has analyzed the than 50 changes to the genetic code of the Asian elephant to give it the characteristics it needs to survive and thrive in the Arctic. These characteristics include a 10-centimeter layer of insulating (绝缘的) fat, five different kinds of hair including some that is up to a meter long, and smaller ears that will help the hybrid tolerate the cold. Colossal believes that bringing the woolly mammoth back to life could possibly help restore the fragile Arctic tundra (冻原) ecosystem, which is at risk as the world warms. The company has claimed that mammoths, if they should return to their natural habitat in the Arctic in sufficient numbers, would help slow down frozen soil melting. Some scientists believe that, before their extinction, animals such as mammoths and horses kept the earth frozen underneath by walking on the grass, knocking down trees and pressing snow tight. One small study in Siberia published in 2021 suggested that the presence of large mammals such as horses and reindeer resulted in lower soil temperatures in the protected area where they were kept compared with land outside that area. Colossal also announced plans to being some other animals back to life such as the Tasmanian tiger in 2023 and the dodo in 2024, but its work on the mammoth has been going on longest. 39．What does the underlined word “counterpart” in the first paragraph refer to? A．Endangered animal. B．Fellow species. C．Cloned elephant. D．Extracted cell. 40．What can we learn about the hybrid? A．It is visually similar to the Asian elephant. B．It can grow into any types of elephant cell. C．Thick fat and smaller ears help it endure the severe weather. D．Long hair like a woolly coat keeps it from the cold and attacks. 41．Why does the author mention the study in Siberia in Paragraph 3? A．To illustrate the possibility of reintroducing mammoths to their natural habitats. B．To compare different kinds of nature reserves where large mammals were kept. C．To indicate the link between the extinction of large mammals and climate change. D．To show the potential impact of returning mammoths to the Arctic on the ecosystem. 42．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The project on bringing back the mammoth costs the most. B．The Tasmania tiger and the dodo are also long-dead animals. C．Colossal needs increased investment to advance the projects. D．Colossal is completely confident in its technology and scientists. 题型二 阅读理解之推理判断---写作目的和意图题 1.（2025·广东省深圳市龙岗区高三期末质量监测）Frightening as monsters are, they have always fascinated us. From strange combinations of animals to magical beings, creatures have emerged from our imaginations throughout history. Today, they still frequent our cinema screens. Considering how scared we can be of monsters, it seems paradoxical that we keep making them. In fact, there is science behind our love of monsters. Monsters are imaginary creatures that come from our long history of living alongside predators (捕食者). Snakes, for example, were among our ancestors’ first deadly threats, causing them to evolve snake-responsive neurons (神经元) in their brains. This adaptation allowed them to detect snakes with just a quick look. This hardware produced the snake-like monsters, including dragons, that appear in almost all cultures. That is why we get a thrill seeing snake monsters on the screen. Similarly, our ancestors’ minds were shaped by the need to detect bears, lions and other larger predators in tough environments. We evolved to spot predators in the dark between tree trunks or in shadowy corners. With their long teeth and giant claws, these animals have seized our imaginations, appearing in cave paintings over thousands of years. There are psychological benefits to being frightened by monsters. Scary stories with terrifying creatures activate the amygdala, the brain’s fear center, kicking off the fight-or-flight response and releasing adrenaline (肾上腺素). With the story ending in safety, adrenaline levels drop, bringing chemicals that fuel the feeling of relaxation. Such controlled fear experience might help us to manage long-term stress or increase our pain tolerance. As a result, some people with anxiety enjoy watching horror films before bed. The monsters we create today for films and books reflect our deepest fears — whether it’s Godzilla threatening civilisation, or aliens growing within us. Monster media allows us to externalise anxieties into supernatural beings. By understanding our monsters and why we make them, we can learn a great deal about what is going on under the surface of our minds. 1．What does the underlined word “paradoxical” mean in paragraph 1? A．Reasonable. B．Predictable. C．Contradictory. D．Problematic. 2．What is the purpose of paragraphs 2 and 3? A．To honour the wisdom of our ancestors. B．To demonstrate the origin of monsters. C．To compare different deadly creatures. D．To introduce common animals in artworks. 3．How does watching horror films benefit people with anxiety? A．It reduces the brain’s sensitivity to fear. B．It helps people forget anxious experiences. C．It teaches safety lessons in extreme danger. D．It stimulates the body’s relaxation system. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards our love of monsters? A．Favourable. B．Uncertain. C．Ambiguous. D．Skeptical. 2.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三上学期期末）In modern times, artificial intelligence (AI) has entered various industries, including healthcare. AI is revolutionizing healthcare, bringing both opportunities and challenges. AI-powered diagnostic tools are becoming more common. Machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images like X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans quickly and accurately. They can spot details doctors might miss. For example, an AI system once identified lung cancer in X-rays more successfully than some experienced radiologists. This early detection enables timely treatment and better patient outcomes. AI is also used to create personalized treatment plans. By analyzing a patient’s genetic data, medical history, lifestyle, and symptoms, AI can suggest customized strategies. In cancer treatment, for instance, it can determine the best chemotherapy drugs or radiotherapy approach based on a patient’s genetic makeup. Moreover, AI-driven chatbots offer basic medical advice and answer patients’ questions. They can triage patients, telling them if they need immediate medical attention or can wait. This eases the burden on healthcare providers and gives patients quick access to reliable information. However, using AI in healthcare has challenges. Data privacy is a major concern as medical data is sensitive. There are also worries about the reliability of AI-based diagnoses, as incorrect results could be serious. Integrating AI into existing healthcare systems requires significant investment in technology and staff training. Despite these challenges, the future of AI in healthcare is promising. With technological progress and research, AI will play an even bigger role in improving global healthcare. 9．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the basic concepts of AI. B．To discuss the application and challenges of AI in the medical field. C．To compare AI with human doctors in medical diagnosis. D．To emphasize the importance of data privacy in AI-based medicine. 10．How can AI - powered diagnostic tools benefit patients? A．They can completely replace human doctors in diagnosis. B．They can provide free medical treatment. C．They can detect diseases early and enable timely treatment. D．They can reduce the cost of medical equipment. 11．What does the underlined word “triage” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．To classify patients according to the urgency of their conditions. B．To provide free medical check-ups for patients. C．To persuade patients to see a doctor as soon as possible. D．To provide detailed medical reports for patients. 12．What can be inferred from the passage? A．AI will soon replace human doctors in all aspects of healthcare. B．The challenges of AI in the medical field are insurmountable. C．The development of AI in the medical field will continue to progress. D．Data privacy is not a big concern in the application of AI in medicine. 3.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三上学期期末）Adventures Abroad: Your Dream Travel Awaits Are you a high school senior looking for an unforgettable adventure before you head off to college? Look no further than Adventures Abroad, the premier travel agency specializing in teen travel experiences. We offer a wide range of exciting trips designed to expand your horizons and create memories that will last a lifetime. Whether you’re interested in exploring the ancient ruins of Rome, diving into the crystal-clear waters of the Great Barrier Reef, or trekking through the lush jungles of Costa Rica, we have the perfect trip for you. Our trips are led by experienced and knowledgeable guides who are passionate about travel and dedicated to providing you with a safe and educational experience. They will not only show you the sights but also teach you about the local culture, history, and traditions. In addition to our amazing destinations, we also offer a variety of activities to make your trip even more memorable. From zip-lining through the rainforest to cooking classes with local chefs, there’s something for everyone. We understand that as a student, cost is an important factor. That’s why we offer affordable prices and flexible payment options to make your dream trip a reality. Plus, we have early bird discounts and group rates available, so the more friends you bring, the more you save! Don’t miss out on this opportunity to see the world and have the time of your life. Contact us today at [phone number] or visit our website at [website address] to learn more and book your adventure. 13．What is the main purpose of this advertisement? A．To introduce different travel destinations. B．To recruit travel guides for Adventures Abroad. C．To promote Adventures Abroad’s teen travel packages. D．To share travel experiences of high school seniors. 14．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an activity offered on the trips? A．Exploring ancient ruins. B．Taking cooking classes. C．Going on a safari. D．Zip-lining through the rainforest. 15．What can we learn about the prices of the trips? A．They are very expensive. B．They are affordable and have discounts available. C．They are only for students with good grades. D．They are not mentioned in the advertisement. 题型三 阅读理解之推理判断---描述人物或事件的特征 1.（海南省三亚市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末）66-year-old Han Hua told tales of his table tennis coaching career, showing photos that highlighting his victories in China, Tunisia and France. Born in 1958, Han’s passion for table tennis started at a young age. A mix of raw talent and continuous dedication drove him to junior tournament victories and eventually, to a desirable spot in the national team. Since the 1950s, China has sent coaches in sports like table tennis, badminton, gymnastics and diving to improve the competitive capacity of nations afar. As one of them, Han started a 12-year coaching journey in Tunisia in 1984. He rapidly got accustomed to this way of life. Known for his language competence and deep understanding of the sport, Han has earned applause from peers and athletes. In the 1990s, France enjoyed a golden era of table tennis led by the great table tennis player Jean-Philippe Gatien. The French team, composed of Gatien, Patrick Chila, and Damien Eloi, achieved remarkable feats in the World Cup and World Championships. However, as they retired in the early years of this century, the once powerful team was enveloped in calmness, motivating the French Table Tennis Federation to seek a savior in 2013 to restore the nation to its former glory. Han, with plentiful experience, coaching wisdom and fluency in French, stood out as the ideal candidate. After three years of dedication, Han finally achieved his goal as the French men’s team delivered its most outstanding performance in four decades — Emmanuel Lebesson won the men’s singles title while Simon Gauzy secured the silver medal at the 2016 European Championships. After successfully leading the team to the Rio Olympics, he transitioned into an assistant coaching role, paving the way for young French coaches. As the year 2024 marks the 60th anniversary of China-France diplomatic relations, Han emphasizes the significance of the enduring bond between the two nations in table tennis. 19．What was Han Hua’s key qualification for coaching the French team? A．His success in junior tournaments. B．His role in China’s table tennis history. C．His previous work with French players. D．His language skills and coaching experience. 20．Which of the following words can best describe Han? A．Talented and fortunate. B．Professional and devoted. C．Unbeatable and proud. D．Ambitious and aggressive. 21．What does Han emphasize between China and France referring to table tennis? A．Cultural exchange. B．Shared goals. C．Everlasting friendship. D．Economic cooperation. 22．What could be a suitable title of the passage? A．The Chinese Coach who Wins Applause from Audience. B．The Talented and Dedicated Chinese Table Tennis Athlete. C．The Chinese Coach who Teaches Table Tennis to the World. D．The 60th Anniversary of China-France Diplomatic Relations. 2.（2025·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三测试）Wrapped in a shiny metal suit, Katia Krafft’s small frame appeared insignificant next to the red curtain of boiling rock that burst from the ground before her. The dramatic moment was captured in a photo taken atop Iceland’s Krafla volcano in 1984. “Once you see an eruption, you can’t live without it because it’s so magnificent, so strong,” says Krafft, a fearless pioneer in volcanology, studying the explosive peaks at a time when there were few women in the field. The moment a volcano exploded, she and her husband, Maurice Krafft, also a volcancoogist, dropped everything to analyze and capture the beauty and mystery of each event. These stunning pictures allowed researchers to dissect (剖析) the complex details of each eruption like never before. The Kraffts initially focused their work on so-called effusive (溢流式的) eruptions, which, though still dangerous, are usually less deadly than their explosive relatives. But two disasters led the Kraffts to turn their eyes on the destructive impacts of the latter. In 1980 the eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington killed 57 people, and in 1985, the eruption of Colombia’s Nevado del Ruiz killed more than 20,000 people. The couple used their recordings of explosive eruptions to explain the complex risks and uncertainties of these disasters. Their videos are credited as one of the main reasons that officials in the Philippines took the warning signs of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption in 1991 seriously. Yet the Kraffts didn’t live to see it. They died less than two weeks earlier in Japan during a terrible eruption. Katia’s impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has inspired many young women to study our restless planet. At age 16, Marie-Claude Williamson, now a research scientist at the Geological Survey of Canada, met Katia during an evening lecture where the Kraffts were narrating one of their films. “It was largely the vision of the extraordinary woman I briefly encountered when I was 16 that kept me going.” she says. 43．What did the Kraffts do when a volcano erupted? A．They sent once warnings. B．They shot the process. C．They wrote down the details. D．They analyzed the causes. 44．What can be learned about the two eruptions in the 1980s? A．They were effusive eruptions. B．They took place in the US. C．They were recorded by the Kraffts. D．They changed the Kraffts’ career focus. 45．What’s the purpose of filming explosive eruptions? A．To show the beauty of volcanoes. B．To predict future volcanic activities. C．To share knowledge of volcanic risks. D．To guide government policy-making. 46．Which of the following words can best describe Katia? A．Enthusiastic and modest. B．Humorous and professional. C．Ambitious and generous. D．Courageous and influential. 3.（2025·广东省建文教育集团两学部第二次模拟）A modest assemblage of intrepid and inquisitive youthful Irish musicians have assumed the mantle of safeguarding a legacy of melodies. Their initiative endeavors to position the senior members of a generation teetering on the brink of obsolescence before a microphone, thereby preserving their songs and narratives for the edification and study of future musicians in perpetuity. Numerous experts frequently sound the alarm regarding the extent to which the oral traditions of humanity are relinquished to the encroachment of modernity on an annual basis. In Ireland, a nation renowned for its vocalists, the Song Collectors Collective (SCC) commemorates this heritage by paying homage to the individuals who have sustained its foundational essence. The majority of these custodians hail from the reclusive traveler communities. Instead of merely amassing lyrics, each song is accessible solely through an exploration of the life and narrative of the individual who rendered it for the SCC, or the so-called “Tradition Bearer.” Consider, for instance, Freda Black, a great-grandmother in her mid-eighties. She harbored such a plethora of songs that she confessed to being incapable of enumerating them all. She subsequently gained prominence in a recently launched album by a contemporary folk artist and SCC member, Sam Lee. “I relish the moments spent at the knees of these elders,” Lee remarked. “I am exceedingly fortunate. I am capturing the remnants of an era.” “It is a prevalent plea for the songs and tales to be documented and disseminated, as the old customs are no longer being conveyed, and this vast repository of knowledge pertaining to an archaic mode of existence is on the verge of being consigned to oblivion. In this contemporary epoch of readily accessible recording technology, there is no justification for failing to chronicle and share this opulent yet fragile tradition,” the SCC asserted. Having amassed hundreds of recordings from a multitude of singers, the SCC is commencing to organize educational events, sharing the stories and vocal renditions with those who are keen to listen, as well as imparting knowledge on how individuals can become collectors in their own right. 93．How do those young Irish musicians save the tradition of songs? ______ ​ A．By spreading their new music styles . B．By recording old folk songs and related stories. C．By teaching young people to learn traditional songs. D．By improving the living conditions of elderly musicians. 94．What can we infer from Sam Lee’s words? ______ ​ A．He is glad to keep a valuable tradition of music. B．His latest album carries the memory of his grandma. C．He is lucky to have got some help in learning music. D．His music is inspired by conversations with Freda Black. 95．What further promotes the SCC’s protection of the oral tradition? ______ ​ A．Market demand. B．The support of famous musicians. C．High praise from the elderly. D．Technological progress. 96．Which of the following can best describe the SCC's work? ______ ​ A．Effective and interesting. B．Successful but confusing. C．Necessary and meaningful. D．Professional but dangerous. 题型四 阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法题 1.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三高考适应性考试）Decades of increasing corn and soya bean production have turned Brazil into an agricultural powerhouse, which also led to the destruction of the Amazon rainforest. That has long put farmers and environmentalists in disagreement. But a study released in October by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN) shows the extent to which deforestation is hurting farmers too. The report shows that the practice of clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazon led to reduced crop production, resulting in total economic losses of about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019. The net revenues (收入) for soya beans dropped by 10% over that time, while corn revenues dropped by 20%. Anders Krogh, a specialist forest adviser at RFN, says these findings demonstrate the danger deforestation poses to global food security. When ancient forests become rolling plains, a delicate balance of water cycle is disturbed. As trees breathe, they turn water into vapour (水蒸气), which goes on to form large, thick rain clouds, and has a cooling effect on the region. This recycling process also influences atmospheric circulation (循环), which plays a key role in temperature regulation in the Amazon basin. The effects are the severest in the most deforested regions. Less rain and hotter days mean smaller harvests and smaller revenues. Preventing further deforestation in Brazil’s southern Amazon could slow the trend. Plus, reforesting could even change rainfall trends: the report concludes that if the Brazilian state of Pará were to reforest 55,000 km² of farming land, the rain could come on average five days earlier, and up to 19 in some areas. For now, though, that seems like a tall order. Agricultural firms in Brazil tend to treat such reports and the researchers who produce them with doubt. The term “agri-phobic (农业恐惧)” is often used to describe scientists who criticize the country’s farming practices. At the grassroots level, despite the increasing costs of adapting to drier conditions, Brazilian farmers doubt the claims that lower production results from climate change or deforestation. Britaldo Soares-Filho, a researcher at UFMG and the report’s lead author, hopes that concentrating on the financial effect of deforestation, rather than abstract modelling, can change farmers’ minds. Sustainable farming practices, he urges, are in the economic interests of agribusiness. 51．How does the author develop paragraph 2? A．By listing statistics. B．By citing a saying. C．By making an assumption. D．By introducing a concept. 52．Which is close to the underlined idiom “a tall order” in meaning in paragraph 4? A．A hard nut. B．A big fish. C．A helping hand. D．A red-letter day. 53．What does Britaldo Soares-Filho mean? A．Logging contributes to financial increase. B．Abstract modelling makes a big difference. C．Clear-cutting puts global food security in great danger. D．Farmers should focus on the financial impact of deforestation. 54．What is the best title for the text? A．Deforestation: it boosts revenues? B．Water cycle: it disturbs agriculture? C．Climate change: it worsens rainforest? D．Reforesting: it relieves global warming? 2.（2025·河北省沧州市盐山县河北省盐山中学高三月考）Wild African elephants address each other with name-like calls, a rare ability among nonhuman animals, according to a new study published in Nature Ecology and Evolution. The researchers from Save the Elephants, a research and conservation organization based in Kenya, used machine learning to confirm that elephant calls contained a name-like component identifying the intended recipient. When the researchers played back recorded calls, elephants responded to calls that were addressed to them by calling back or approaching the speaker. Calls meant for other elephants received less of a reaction. “Elephants are expressive animals,” said George Wittemyer, an author of the study, “and their reactions are easy to read to those familiar with them. When the researchers played back samples, the elephants responded energetically and positively to recordings of their friends and family members calling to them but did not react enthusiastically or move toward calls directed to others, demonstrating that they recognized their names.” The study lasted four years and included 14 months of fieldwork in Kenya, with the researchers following elephants in a vehicle and recording their vocalizations. About 470 distinct calls were collected from 101 unique callers corresponding with 117 unique receivers in Samburu National Reserve and Amboseli National Park. The researchers said much more data would be needed to distinguish the names within the calls and determine whether elephants name other things they interact with, like food, water and places. “Unfortunately, we can’t have them speak into microphones,” Wittemyer said, noting the barriers to collecting enough data. New insights into elephant communication revealed by the study strengthen the case for their conservation, the researchers said. Elephants are classified as endangered, due to hunting and habitat loss. Because of their size, they need a lot of space and can be destructive to property and dangerous to people. While conversing with them remains a distant dream, Wittemyer said that being able to talk with them could be a game changer for their protection. 74．How did the researchers draw their conclusion? A．By identifying the intended recipients’ family. B．By analyzing the researchers’ calls with machines. C．By referring to an expert’s personal experience. D．By observing elephants’ reaction to played calls. 75．What do the researchers need to do next? A．Classify the species of elephants. B．Collect sufficient elephants’ calls. C．Keep elephants away from people. D．Change elephants’ calls randomly. 76．What is Wittemyer’s opinion on people’s communicating with elephants? A．It will be a reality soon. B．It is of great significance. C．It remains impossible forever. D．It is useless to their protection. 77．Where does the text most probably appear? A．In a science magazine. B．In a biology textbook. C．In an animal care guide. D．In an interview. 3.（2025·辽宁省沈阳市高三上学期一模）In a study, 152 college students exposed to misinformation read one of two articles intended to give correct and scientifically backed information. Those who read an article that had “just the facts” preserved more misconceptions than those who read an article with a refutation — meaning it specifically pointed out the false claims before presenting the facts. For this study, researchers first tested what the student participants knew about putting fluoride (氟化物) in water. The students then read two articles: one with false information saying that fluoridation is harmful and the other presenting the scientific ideas that fluoridation is safe and prevents dental disease. The participants all read the same misinformation, but different groups read an article with the correct information either in a traditional “just the facts” style or one that first refuted the misinformation. The study also tested the effects of having the participants read the correct article before, or after, the misinformation. A post-test revealed that the students still learned under all four conditions — but the group that performed the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a “just the facts” type text. Those who had read the refutation article either before, or after, the misinformation had fewer misconceptions. They also had more positive emotions toward the subject. With large amounts of information easily available online, it can be hard for many people to sort fact from falsehood. This can cause a problem called “conceptual pollution” — when learning incorrect information gives rise to intervention and confusion in learning the correct information. “Your mind doesn’t discriminate for content. Whether it’s a correct conception or a misconception, it just absorbs it,” Danielson, a psychology researcher, says. Researchers like him are looking for ways to teach science that break through the noise of misinformation. This study and others prove that a refutation approach is prospective. Researchers also perceive the refutational approach works well for topics from physics and chemistry to highly political ones. 1．What do we know about the student participants in the study? A．They were divided into two groups. B．They got misinformation first. C．They were shown right information. D．They read the same two articles. 2．In what order did the poorest-performing group read the articles? A．Misinformation first, then refutation. B．“Just the facts” first, then misinformation. C．Refutation first, then misinformation. D．Misinformation first, then “just the facts”. 3．What does the underlined word “noise” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Correction. B．Disturbance. C．Occurrence. D．Comprehension. 4．How does the text develop? A．Fact — Contrast — Explanation — Expectation B．Introduction — Process — Result — Conclusion C．Background — Problem — Analysis — Solution D．Topic — Classification — Discussion — Outcome 题型五 阅读理解之推理判断---作者的写作态度 1.（2025·安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三第一次质量检测）Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the “world’s most advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand. The Groningen-based company today announced a fresh cash injection of €1. 5 million to promote the development of the product, which uses an inbuilt camera system, motion sensors, and artificial intelligence to capture text written on paper. “Just write, and Nuwa Pen digitizes, ” Marc Tuinier, Nuwa's CEO, told us. All the notes are then stored on the startup’s app. They can then be organized, shared, and integrated with other apps. A particularly fascinating feature is intelligent notes, which scans and identifies rich text items such as dates, to-dos, and phone numbers from the notes. Users can then link the data with, for instance, their calendar, to-do app, or phone book. The feature is integrated with over 50 apps. Nuwa compares it to a personal assistant that puts you on top of your schedule. Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen and notebook. While many smart pens only work on screens or digital writing systems, Nuwa promises adaptability with every type of paper. The product also uses regular ink refills. “Other smart pen brands rely on special dotted paper to recognize what the user is writing, so you’ll also be stuck buying their paper, ” Tuinier said. “Nuwa Pen can be used on any paper. ” The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — about as much as a single AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous writing. Three tiny cameras are used to digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors. All the data is then processed directly on the device. “Capturing handwriting from these sensors in the pen itself, while a pen is constantly moving, is an extremely difficult task to get right — and we’ve done it, ” Tuinier said. By combining the trusty old ballpoint pen with the digital world, Nuwa hopes that it can solve one of those needs. The device is now available for pre-order. 82．What is the primary function of the Nuwa Pen? A．Intergrating pens with other apps. B．Organizing handwritten notes digitally. C．Combining all apps into a single platform. D．Providing a solution for personal schedules. 83．Who is the Nuwa Pen’s main target buyer? A．People who prefer typing over handwriting. B．People who show interest in smart ink refills. C．People who have an extra budget for paper purchase. D．People who appreciate traditional pen and paper writing. 84．Why does the author list a series of numbers in the last paragraph? A．To show how portable the device is. B．To explain the structure of the cameras. C．To demonstrate the device’s operating time. D．To describe the materials used in the device. 85．What is the author’s attitude towards the Nuwa Pen? A．Doubtful. B．Uncertain. C．Neutral. D．Enthusiastic. 2.（2025·湖南省娄底市娄底市名校联盟高三月考）In Mirabella, a 20-storey “university retirement community” at Arizona State University (ASU), a group of men and women sit attentively in class, writing notes or taking photos of the slides. But the hearing aids hint at how unusual this class is. Mirabella is home to over 300 retirees. When it opened in 2020, the senior-living facility was nearly fully subscribed. Most residents get a university pass, which allows them to attend the same classes and cultural events as students, without having to take exams. Golf trucks can drive them around the campus, though many are still fit enough to mountain bike. In their dorms, restaurants serve good food and the facilities include an art studio, a pool and gym, and a games room. Only the second floor feels institutional, with a memory-care centre and rooms for residents who need round-the-clock attention. This is part of a wider trend. An estimated 85 colleges in America provide some forms of senior living. The idea sprang from two college presidents who wanted to retire on campus in the 1980s. Today, universities offer senior-living arrangements, with as many as 20,000 older Americans living like this. With more than 10,000 baby-boomers in America turning 65 every day, the opportunity for alternative forms of retirement is large. Compared with previous generations, boomers are wealthy, educated and picky. They want to remain active, stimulated and not locked away. These wishes can all be met on a university campus. For universities, welcoming retirees can make sense, too. Nationally, undergraduate enrolment has dropped. The smartest universities provide continued care-including for the very last stage of life. Bill, an 80-year-old former newspaper editor, moved to Mirabella with his wife two years ago. They have made friends with residents and with younger students. “Being among young people is really invigorating,” said Bill. At a discussion group about AI, one of the topics was whether a lifespan of 200 or 250 years would be desirable. “The 20-year-olds were enthusiastic,” he reflected, but those in their 70s and 80s had some reservations. 7．What implies the difference of the group of people attending class in Mirabella? A．They don’t take notes in class. B．They take photos of the lectures. C．Some of them wear hearing aids. D．They have their own institutions. 8．What’s the trend described in the text? A．Colleges provide senior living services. B．Senior professors remain active in class. C．Baby-boomers have changed social norms. D．Seniors come back to class for education. 9．What does the underlined word “invigorating” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Astonishing. B．Demanding. C．Depressing. D．Inspiring. 10．How does the author view the universities’ welcome of retirees? A．Negatively. B．Positively. C．Indifferently. D．Objectively. 3.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三教学质量统测）Meta has announced third-party AR filters (滤镜) will no longer be available on its apps, including Instagram, as of January 2025. Filters have become a key feature on Instagram. The most popular of these — which often involve beautifying the user’s appearance — are created by users themselves via the Meta Spark Studio. However, the use of beautifying AR filters has long been connected to worsened mental health and body image problems in young women. So, why wait until now to remove a popular but controversial (有争议的) technology? In April 2024, Meta added a US $35-40 billion investment in the technology and is pulling AR technology in-house. Filters will not be going away altogether on Instagram. First-party filters created by Meta will continue to be available. At present, the 140 filters available on Instagram’s official account are insignificant compared to the library of millions of filters created by third-parties and these official filters do not feature any beautifying ones. The removal of third-party filters will see complex and realistic beautifying filters gone from Meta platforms. However, this is hardly cause for celebration. Now, after having access to AR filters on Instagram for seven years, users are even more habituated to their presence. They also have many more alternatives to access a version of the technology inside another app. When people post with a filter on Instagram, a watermark that links to the filter and its creator appears on the image. This watermark is important to assist users in determining whether someone’s appearance is changed or not. Some users get around the watermark by downloading their filtered photo, and re-uploading it so their filtered appearance is more difficult to detect. By removing popular beauty filters from Instagram, this practice will become the default (默认的) way for users to post with these filters on the platform. The removal of beauty filters on Instagram will not stop their use. Instead, it will drive users to other platforms to access filters. These filters will be more sophisticated and harder to detect when they are re-posted cross platform, without the benefit of having the watermark indicator. 5．What change has Meta made to its AR strategy? A．It will release beautifying filters in the near future. B．It has reduced the variety of third-party filters available. C．It has decided to develop AR technology independently. D．It will continue investing in third-party filter development. 6．What might Meta’s decision about AR filters lead to? A．Higher quality of third-party filters. B．Enhanced regulation on AR technology. C．Users’ greater reliance on alternative apps. D．Users’ increasing use of Meta’s official filters. 7．What can be inferred about Instagram’s watermark? A．It seems to be ineffective. B．It brings users lots of trouble. C．It’s hard to notice by one’s eyes. D．It’s a good way to prevent identity theft. 8．What is the author’s attitude to Meta’s decision on AR filters? A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Favorable. D．Doubtful. 题型六 阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章出处 1.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三新高考适应性考试）Nowadays some documentaries kind of blow viewers away with their unique shooting skills and fascinating insights. Here are three picks among them for 2024. ● Fantasy Westward Journey Chief Director: Liu Yile   Length: Six Episodes Producers: Chen Xiaoyu  Broadcasting Platforms: Bilibili This film series is the first game documentary created by NetEase and a CCTV production team. It shows the integration of video game production with traditional shadow play art, ancient building restoration techniques, and movable-type printing, which embodies the connection between Chinese intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) and video game production. ● Beautiful Guangdong and Wild Lingnan Producers: Rong Mingchang, Liu Jiangtao    Length: Five Episodes Producers: Nanfang Metropolis Daily, N video   Broadcasting Platforms: Tencent Video, Bilibili Rich with mountains, coasts and valleys, Lingnan area in the south of China is blessed with thousands of recorded animals and plants. This documentary series focuses on geographical features, presenting the beautiful scenery and vitality of wild creatures native to Guangdong Province. ● A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ) Directors: Jia Li, Liang Shuai   Length: Ten Episodes Producers: I-TALK   Broadcasting Platforms: Bilibili This documentary is the first on-the-spot interview series about personalities in the field of architecture in China. Each episode features an interview with star architects like Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning at the construction site, filming the moment of inspiration and the spirit of the modern era. It aims to show a deep understanding of the essence of architecture—it is not only the presentation of the architect’s design, but also a shared space that everyone can interact with through body and mind. 7．Who document various wild creatures in the southern China? A．Liu Yile and Chen XiaoyuJia B．Li and Liang Shuai C．Rong Mingchang and Liu Jiangtao D．Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning 8．What is special about A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ)? A．It broadcasts on Bilibili. B．It features face-to-face talks. C．It presents restoration skills. D．It showcases the modern art. 9．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A magazine. B．A brochure. C．A report. D．A textbook. 2.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）There are always some places that seem to go well beyond our earthly expectations. These incredible locations are similar to those in science fictions, catching our imagination and transporting us to otherworldly grounds. Cappadocia, Turkey Located in central Anatolia, the area is known for its unusual rock formations known as “fairy chimneys.” These columns, created by volcanoes and erosion (腐蚀) over millions of years, give the region its otherworldly appearance. Tsingy de Bemaraha The remarkable sight attracts visitors with its unique limestone (石灰石) formations. Stretching over 1,500-square kilometers, Tsingy, which means “where one cannot walk barefoot,” contains sharp surfaces and underground caves, forming a dramatic landscape. Adventurers can explore the park via bridges and ladders to witness the breathtaking beauty of this natural wonder. Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park Located in China’s Gansu province, Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park contains landforms that are one of nature’s masterpieces. Its vivid, rainbow-colored rock formations have been shaped by wind and water erosion over millions of years. The layers of red, orange and yellow create a landscape that looks as if it were on a different planet altogether. Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula Located within the remarkable landscapes of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, the cenotes (洞井) present a place of otherworldly beauty. These natural sinkholes, created by the collapse of their limestone base, open up into charming underground caves and shining pools. Rays of sunlight dance through the openings in the walls, lighting up the waters below, telling a tale of nature’s artistry. Visiting these places not only provides a visual feast, but also reminds us of the incredible wonder here on Earth. 1．What is unique about Tsingy de Bemaraha? A．It features sharp grounds. B．It lies partly underground. C．It witnesses volcanic activities. D．It contains limestone bridges. 2．Where can visitors appreciate colorful rocks? A．Cappadocia, Turkey. B．Tsingy de Bemaraha. C．Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park. D．Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula. 3．Where is this text probably from? A．A geography textbook. B．An architecture report. C．A travel magazine. D．An art album. 3.（2025·甘肃临夏州高中高三期末质量检测）Perhaps you’ve seen a giant sculpture of a fork, and wondered, how on Earth is this art? I’ll bet you didn’t dare ask it out loud, for fear of looking awkward. Luckily for us, Bianca Bosker is willing to dive into the art world in Get the Picture, where she explores the spiritual richness art itself provides. She sets out to develop what art lovers call an “Eye” a keen perception (感知) to separate the “good” art from the“bad”. She finds out that the art world can be tough for people who can’t afford art school and there’s a lot of mean behavior from those at the top. Even though Bosker’s experiences might make you feel less sure about art, she keeps looking deeper and finds out that art can make people happy, whether they’re creating it or just looking at it. While expanding on the meaning of art, Bosker demonstrates that our brains have a “filter (过滤器)” that helps us quickly understand the world around us. This filter lets us ignore some things and focus on others. This filter allows us to take mental shortcuts and dismiss certain visual details to rapidly process our chaotic environment. One function of art, Bosker writes, is to remove this filter to reexamine the world with renewed wonder. Art has a curing quality, a fact that’s seized upon by doctors who will ask the patients to visit art museums. Over two dozen medical schools require students to study paintings to avoid jumping to conclusions. Instead of lecturing from an authoritative angle, Bosker lets readers witness at eye level her growing clarity of art’s function. In the end, readers don’t get a complete answer for humankind’s fascination with art. Bosker instead offers her own interpretation: Art is a way to find beauty and heighten our appreciation for life. In laying bare the truth of an “Eye”. Bosker argues that art is everywhere and can be anything, as long as we’re open to letting what we see move us. By the last page, you’ll be forced to revisit that fork sculpture and behold the artwork with fresh eyes. 4．What is the main purpose of Get the Picture? A．To criticize the sculpture art world. B．To prove that art has no spiritual value. C．To explain how to appreciate art. D．To argue that art has no curing quality. 5．What does the term “Eye” refer to in the second paragraph? A．The ability to perceive art critically. B．A physical condition that affects vision. C．A type of art school training program. D．The way artists sign their own work. 6．What does Bosker suggest in the last paragraph? A．We should appreciate art with a professional background. B．We should be open to letting art affect us emotionally. C．We should focus on the spiritual value of art works. D．We should visit art museums as often as we can. 7．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry. 题型七 阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章走势 1.（2025·山东省德州市优高联盟九校联考高三月考）You may regard a wave as a common gesture, but what happens when you wave to your European friend across the street and she turns to walk the other way? It isn't because your friend is tired of your company. While most Americans interpret a wave as a friendly greeting or goodbye, the same movement is just as likely to express no in parts of Europe and Latin America. The same dissonance is true of other signals: showing the number two by holding up two fingers with the palm facing inward is inoffensive in most of the world, but it's a rude gesture in the United Kingdom and Australia. The most common understanding of the subject relates body language to spoken language. Gestures with specific meanings, while informally called “body language, belong to the field of kinesics(人体动作学), an area of study that distinguishes these movements from instinctive actions, such as smiling when happy. Developed by Ray Birdwhistell in the 1950s, kinesics uses the building blocks of linguistics to understand how gestures produce meaning. As the units of sound that form spoken words are called phonemes(音素), the units of movement that form kinesic gestures are called kinemes—and, as the same phoneme can communicate a different meaning across languages, the same kineme can also communicate different meanings in different cultures or contexts. For example, the thumbs-up kineme indicates praise in North America, but it means something extremely rude in Australia. There's one more mess in understanding nonverbal communication, though. Although body language isn't universal, the emotions behind it may be. In a study performed by American researcher Paul Ekman, participants from the West, insular African communities, and New Guinea were shown a collection of more than 10,000 images illustrating different facial expressions. When 90 percent of participants regardless of cultural background, identified the same emotions in the photos, Ekman concluded that there were at least seven universal facial expressions: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and contempt. 6．What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean? A．Comparison. B．Disharmony. C．Theory. D．Discomfort. 7．What is the similarity between body and spoken language? A．They can be divided into the field of kinesics together. B．They are based on movements from instinctive actions. C．They convey different meanings with the same element. D．They can unite people in different countries and regions. 8．How did Paul Ekman reach his conclusion? A．By interviewing participants from diverse backgrounds. B．By asking participants to show many facial expressions. C．By observing how participants reacted to those images. D．By judging if participants recognized the same emotions. 9．What might be discussed in the following text? A．Other types of facial expressions. B．Applications of facial expressions. C．Drawbacks of Paul Ekman's study. D．Forms of nonverbal communication. 2.（2025·山东省济宁市高三上学期1月期末）People’s tendency to follow trends, especially on social media — even when they look silly or take risks doing so — is definitely a common phenomenon. What does psychology say about trend following — and is there a way to break free from the desire to follow the newest craze? According to Psychologist Pamela B．Rutledge, following trends isn’t a sign of character weakness or mental instability. Rather, it is an entirely natural behavior embedded in humanity’s fundamental need to belong to a social group and establish connections with others. Historically, following trends was crucial for our survival. Archaeologists have uncovered evidence that early humans worked together to transport stone tools over long distances about two million years ago in what is now Kenya — cooperation that allowed them to survive in a severe environment. And though following a trend on social media isn’t exactly as important as outrunning a saber-toothed tiger, human evolution has programmed our brains to be receptive to social signals. Another contributing factor the social cognition (认知) — the processes that determine what we notice and how we respond to others — largely takes place in the parts of the brain that oversee sight, pattern recognition, decision-making, empathy, and similar functions. “Thanks to our humans’ complex cognitive systems, our brains are really good at identifying patterns and stimulating behavior that communicates our social status. As a result, you can use almost anything to signal your membership or affiliation with a social group. Giving off the right social signals lets others know which group you belong to or want to engage with — and those signals are monitored and interpreted by others. Referred to as identity signaling, these behaviors can range from putting a bumper sticker on a car to selecting a brand of clothing,” said Rutledge. Almost everyone follows trends in social groups, without exception. However, tweens, teenagers, and young adults are especially likely to follow trends, including risky ones, due to their heightened desire for acceptance and belonging among peers. Therefore, it’s of great significance to guide them during their journey towards maturity. 1．What does Rutledge think of following trends? A．Changeable. B．Reasonable. C．Odd. D．Risky. 2．Why did early humans prefer to follow trends? A．To remove mental weakness. B．To show their social status. C．To live through difficulties. D．To expand their population. 3．What is the hidden meaning of identity signaling? A．Good taste in fashion. B．Blind pursuit of novelty. C．A true reflection of personality. D．A keen thirst for belonging. 4．What will the follow-up paragraph most probably talk about? A．Tips on embracing trends sensibly. B．Insights into forthcoming trends. C．Parental guidance in kids’ future jobs. D．Psychology behind trend adoption. Passage 1 1.（2025·广东省深圳市罗湖区高三期末）I have been studying the French language for three years. This field of study has been the hardest but most precious of my life. I would put it above the study of writing simply because I started writing as a 6-year-old boy under my mother’s guidance. I always “felt” I could write. I did not always “feel” I could study a foreign language effectively. But here I am, right now, in a French hotel. I spoke French at the border, when I checked in and when I went to get lunch. I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. I feel, as I always do, like I am lost in the dark, but with each misstep, I find my way more clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French novels; I didn’t feel it at school. I just felt it when I first arrived Paris. I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as important as any reality. The fear of making mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey. Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand, and in that moment. I may feel a bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. They are not the norm (常态), though. The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. 1．How does the author feel about making mistakes in French? A．Awkward. B．Hopeless. C．Competent. D．Rewarding. 2．Why does the author emphasize feelings? A．To highlight his struggles in learning French. B．To show that positive thinking can drive growth. C．To illustrate that people should follow their hearts. D．To clarify his experience in mindset transformation. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The lows are always followed by highs. B．Feeling confident should be made a norm. C．Struggles are an essential part of learning. D．The ups are the real times when learning occurs. 4．Which statement might the author probably agree with? A．Fail again, fail better. B．Stay grounded, work for greatness. C．Accept the lows, wait for the chance. D．Be courageous, explore the unknown. 2.（2025·山东省济宁市高三期末）“What’s special about our species?” is a question scientists have wrestled with for centuries. Now an evolutionary anthropologist Thomas Morgan has a new theory that could change the way we perceive ourselves, and the world. “It was basically accepted that it was the ability of human culture — the shared body of knowledge passed down across generations — to accumulate (累积) and evolve that made us special, but our new discoveries are challenging that and forcing us to rethink what makes us as a species unique,” said Morgan. Just as humans pass on knowledge to our children, when a new queen leafcutter ant hatches, she collects a little mouthful of her mother’s genetic material to start a new family. Even locusts use complex evolving systems to adapt to local conditions, relying on epigenetic changes — how factors like age and environment can change gene activity without changing DNA sequence (序列) — to quickly evolve between green or yellow-and-black forms based on overpopulation. So, if animals do have evolving cultures, then what’s special about human culture? Morgan pointed out that we humans are so special because of our “open-endedness” — our ability to communicate and understand an infinite number of possibilities in life, whereas animals’ inability to easily imagine complicated sequences or subgoals limits their way of thinking. “For example, when I’m making my boys’ breakfast in the morning, it’s a nested, multi-step process. First, I need to get the bowls and pots and other equipment. Then I put the ingredients in the pot, all in the right amounts and order, cook it, monitoring temperature until it reaches the right consistency, and then serve it up. Each of these steps is a subgoal. This complex procedure is hard for animals to interpret,” said Morgan. When it comes to the limit of this system, human brains just keep going, which allows us to perform a near-infinite set of behaviors — this is open-endedness. 1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The human culture. B．The common belief. C．The latest discovery. D．The new species. 2．What can be learned in paragraph 3? A．The fittest are likely to survive best. B．DNA’ s sequence is basically unstable. C．Culture accumulation isn’t exclusive to humans. D．Parents attach importance to children’ s education. 3．Why does Morgan cite the breakfast-making example? A．To display his superb cooking skills. B．To explain the complexity of cooking. C．To stress the importance of goal-setting. D．To show animals’ struggle with subgoals. 4．Which can best describe the core of human open-endedness? A．Orderly. B．Boundless. C．Consistent. D．Inclusive. 3.（2025·山东省德州市第二中学高三月考）Many years ago, I got drunk. The next morning, I told my dad what happened. “We had some wine at the restaurant”, I said, “and then some beer. It doesn’t seem enough for me to feel this bad.” My dad said something I carry with me to this day, “Beer before wine and you’ll feel fine; wine before beer and you’ll feel queer (奇怪的).” Out of all the many pieces of advice my father handed down over the years, only a few stick in my memory. And those are the ones that rhyme. This is known as the “rhyme-as-reason effect”, a cognitive (认知的) phenomenon with lots of real-life, practical application. There’s a strange fact: You might be able to remember all the lines of the song from your childhood, yet you can’t remember something that happened last week. When we use rhymes, we break down details into something that can more easily be stored and recovered. We often judge rhymes more favorably. Friedrich Nietzsche was a big fan of aphorisms (格言). He wrote a series of books entirely in aphorisms because he knew that a well-organized turn of phrase cut into your understanding far quicker than essays. He expressed in one of his books, “We sometimes consider an idea truer simply because it rhymes and presents itself with a brilliant skip and jump.” Two psychologists, Matthew McGlone and Jessica Tofighbakhsh, investigated this phenomenon. They presented their participants with a series of aphorisms — some are rhymed; others not. They discovered that not only did participants aesthetically (审美上) prefer the rhymed sentences, but they more often considered them more accurate. Despite participants agreeing that aesthetic qualities don’t represent truth, they couldn’t avoid their own prejudice. This led the team to remember the poet John Keats’ line: “Beauty is truth; truth beauty.” There are two important lessons to learn from this. The first is that rhyming makes for long-term memory. If you want to remember it, rhyme it. The second is that rhyming doesn’t equal accuracy. My dad’s wisdom might sound neat but it is based on insufficient evidence. Keep in mind that a nice turn of phrase isn’t necessarily better than an awkward one. 1．What can we know about the “rhyme-as-reason effect”? A．It conveys a deeper meaning. B．It is less frequently used nowadays. C．It makes information more memorable. D．It is inconsistent with childhood memories. 2．Why does the author mention Friedrich Nietzsche in paragraph 3? A．To prove the influence of his writings. B．To illustrate people’s preference for rhymes. C．To show the complexity of his writing style. D．To encourage the wide use of rhymes and aphorisms. 3．What can be concluded from Matthew and Jessica’s findings? A．Aesthetic qualities help clarify the fact. B．People tend to ignore precision in rhymes. C．Rhymed sentences are usually less trustworthy. D．Aesthetic qualities likely conflict with people’s judgments. 4．What message does the author want to convey at the end of the text? A．Treat rhymes with a wise mind. B．Make good use of factual information. C．Respect the wisdom of our old generations. D．Focus on the improvement of long-term memory. 4.（2025·河北省保定市高三期末）AI is deeply changing the way we produce and work, including improving production efficiency, optimizing workflow and enhancing work efficiency. It also involves in medical care, education, transportation and other fields. Be that as it may, what about the downsides? Two experts weigh in. A recent study showed that one of the most popular AI chatbots has been sharing inaccurate coding and computer programming advice. This is because generative AI applications such as large language models work, functionally, as a prediction program. When you ask a question, the AI sifts through (细查) its knowledge base for relevant information. Then, using that information, it predicts a set of words that it perceives as the desired response to your question. That prediction is followed by another prediction — another set of words — that it has been trained to expect should come next, and so on. But Rayid Ghani, a professor of Machine Learning Department, says that process puts greater emphasis on probability than truth: Most generative AI models have been trained on large scale of data from across the Internet, but nobody has checked the accuracy of those data, nor does the AI understand what is or isn’t a trustworthy source. When humans make mistakes, Ghani says, it’s easy for us to empathize (共鸣), since we recognize that people aren’t perfect beings. But we expect our machines to be correct. That makes it very hard for us to forgive AI when it gets things wrong. But empathy can be a powerful debugging tool: These are human-made systems, after all. AI has a water problem — really, an energy problem. A significant amount of heat is generated by the energy required to power the AI tools that people are increasingly using in their daily personal and professional lives. As Shaolei Ren, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, is quick to note, cooling down the data centers requires an enormous amount of water, similar to the amount used by tens of thousands of city dwellers (居民). Ren believes it will be important for us as individuals and as a society to better understand the real cost of asking an application like ChatGPT a question. 1．Which of the following would Ghani probably agree with? A．AI applications serve as large language models. B．The prediction process of AI is simplified. C．Humans have tolerance for mistakes of AI. D．AI models attach greater importance to relevance than precision. 2．What is Ghani’s attitude towards AI? A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Content. D．Biased. 3．What can we learn about AI from the last paragraph? A．AI tools are increasingly generating massive water in daily life. B．The amount of water consumed by AI is equal to that used by citizens. C．We are supposed to be aware of the environmental impact of AI. D．Individuals and society should reduce the cost of using AI. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To give a brief account of AI. B．To illustrate big issues regarding AI. C．To honor two outstanding AI experts. D．To clarify the current situation of AI. 5.（2025·湖北省部分市州高三期末联考）Five Grade 11 students, calling themselves “Team Voltage 5” from the Philippine Science High School, engineered an innovative device named the “S-Light” and secured a Silver Award at the Young Inventors Challenge 2019 in Malaysia. This annual event, initiated in 2003, is meant to fuel a passion for science among young minds. Uniquely, the S-Light differs from conventional speakers by turning noise into electricity rather than using electricity to produce sound. In order to develop this device, Team Voltage 5 invested countless lunchtimes in school laboratories, working closely with their science teachers. A team member explained, “When sound waves strike the diaphragm of the speaker, the interaction between the magnet and coil generates electrical energy. This is stored in a power bank to power a light. This process is essentially the opposite of how traditional speakers work. The S-Light proves highly effective in environments abundant with noise, such as airports, busy roads, or construction sites. With larger speakers and a lot of devices, it holds the incredible potential to generate sufficient electricity for an entire community and provide sustainable energy solutions. While transforming noise into electricity is not a novel concept, no practical device existed before. The creators of the “S-Light” were driven by the prospect of assisting students in rural areas lacking electric lighting for home study. They were keenly aware of their privilege in attending school and expressed pride in contributing their invention to their nation as gratitude for their educational opportunities. The remarkable achievements of Team Voltage 5 serve as an inspiration, encouraging other young individuals to realize their full potential to impact others' lives and make great contributions to society through scientific innovation and creativity. 1．What do we know about the “S-Light”? A．It was initially operated in 2003. B．It uses electricity to make sound. C．It transforms sound into electricity. D．It works the same way as a speaker. 2．What's paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why the “S-Light” matters. B．How the “S-Light” functions. C．Where the “S-Light” stores energy. D．What issue the “S-Light” addresses. 3．Which words can best describe Team Voltage 5? A．Humorous and diligent. B．Creative and appreciative. C．Curious and dependable. D．Productive and responsible. 4．What message does the author mainly convey in the text? A．Small actions bring about new insights. B．Joint efforts are key to achieving success. C．Important changes always arise from trial and error. D．Innovative youth contribute to community well-being. 1.（2024·北京卷） When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns. In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless. But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints. Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going. Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments. 24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged. 25. In her 30s, the author _________. A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings 26. Which word would best describe the author’s dream? A. Confusing. B. Empowering. C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success. C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident. 2.（2024·北京卷） The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 28. What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A. Make an assumption. B. Illustrate an argument. C. Give a suggestion. D. Justify a comparison. 29. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Accepted by. B. Determined by. C. Awakened by. D. Discovered by. 30. As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A. appreciative B. doubtful C. unconcerned D. disapproving 31. It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A. compare the current models with the previous ones B. continue exploring the classical models in history C. stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D. turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] B When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what􀆳s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” (　)24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A.He was fond of travelling. B.He enjoyed being alone. C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor. 4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] D As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”. Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (　)34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5? A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C.The same nature experience takes different forms. D.The nature language enhances work performance. 5.[2023·全国乙卷] B Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (　)26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake? A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D.They had problems with their equipment. 6.【2023年1月·浙江卷】C A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A．To explain the use of a software program. B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 7.【2023年1月·浙江卷】D According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development. C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy. 8.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] C The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. (　)28.What is the book aimed at? A.Teaching critical thinking skills. B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C.Solving philosophical problems. D.Promoting the use of a digital device. 9.[2023·全国甲卷] C I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humour. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. (　)29.Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4? A.To compare Weiner with them. B.To give examples of great works. C.To praise their writing skills. D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book. 10.[2023·全国乙卷] D If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts,but the objects. (　)33.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2? A.His report was scientific. B.He represented the local people. C.He ruled over Botany Bay. D.His record was one-sided. 11.B【2022·新高考I卷】 Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. 4. What does the author$$