重难点14 完形填空之说明文-2025年高考英语【热点•重点•难点】专练（新高考通用）

重难点14 完形填空之说明文 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 考点1 议论文型 完形填空 （5年1考） 2022浙江6月卷—信任的重要性； 2018浙江卷—越忙越能办好事。 1.说明型完形填空在全国甲卷、乙卷相对较多，在新高考课表卷尚未出现过。 2.说明型完形填空需要掌握文章结构特点和语言特点。 3.课外需要广泛阅读，深入积累，尤其是熟词新义和背景知识。 考点2 说明文型 完形填空 （5年2考） 2022全国乙卷—孩子捉迷藏的背后; 2021天津卷—为小区免费修车; 2015广东卷—长寿与老龄化; 2015安徽卷—减少垃圾，理性消费; 2013广东卷—鸟类感受数字能力; 2010安徽卷--钢笔特点; 2009江苏卷--中学生是否应参加社区服务。 【高考考向】 近年高考卷完形填空文章长度250词左右，选材来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵循“文章内容生活化”原则，体现正确的人生观、价值观，传递正能量。 主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然，体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和夹叙夹议文为辅。文章要求考生在正确理解语篇主旨大意的同时，注重揣摩不同词语、句子及篇章结构之间的联系。 【解题策略】 1. 明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。 2. 弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。 【思维导图】 【逻辑关系】 1.因果关系 文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如：because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。 (2019年全国卷1)  Every year about 40000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They __41    with them lots of waste. The    42   might damage the beauty of the place.  41.A. keep        B. mix           C. connect     D. Bring 42.A. stories      B. buildings          C. crowds       D. reporters 解析：这两道题可以通过三句话之间的隐性因果关系来解决。第一句说明每年约有四万人尝试攀登乞力马扎罗山，由于人数多，因此他们带来了大量垃圾；由于大量人群产生大量垃圾，所以破坏了这个地方的美景，因此41题选D，42选C。 2.条件关系 条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。 (2016年北京卷) The children of Nome would be _____37_____ if it (a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children) struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.  37. A. harmless        B. helpless          C. fearless          D. careless       解析：由从句条件推知主句结果。由 “如果这种（主要传染给孩子的致命的）疾病袭击了这个镇子”可推知，“Nome镇的孩子们就会很无助了”，故选B。          3.让步关系 一般说来，让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步关联词有despite，in spite of, regardless of等，连词类有though，although，as和while以及even if, even though等。 (2016年天津卷)Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm. _____33_____ skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.”   33. A. Although     B. Since           C. Once         D. Because 解析：由主句“the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart (然而，一个人拥有的最大财富是内心)”可推知空格所在句句意为“虽然或尽管技巧和天赋能带来巨大的成功”，故选A。 4．转折关系 当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时，前句往往提出某种事实或情况，后句转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思， 即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。常见关联词：however, but, on the contrary等。  (2016年全国Ⅱ卷) We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, _____48_____ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident. 48. A. and  B. then  C. but  D. thus 解析：“我被命名为最有价值的运动员”与“我常做恶梦被责备”是转折关系，故选项C正确。          5．对比关系 当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时，两句在意义上应具有明显的差异，以便进行对照比较。常见关联词：while, whereas, not….. but, instead等。  (2017年新课标Ⅰ卷) The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant._____58_____, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less. 58. A. Lastly     B. Thus         C. Instead    D. However        解析：考查对比关系的关联词。 “I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant(我很快意识到安静不是不令人愉快的)”和“if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less(如果当时有口语交流，那只会造成我们学的手语更少)”是对比关系，故选C。   6．并列关系 在用并列连词and或not only…but also把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中，前后句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，既可以是同近义并列，也可以反义并列。解题时，可从一个简单句推知正确答案。   (2017年新课标Ⅱ卷) Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）. He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s_____46_____. 46. A. misfortune       B. disbelief          C. dishonesty        D. mistake 解析：根据并列连词and和前一分句中的fun以及46空前面的saddest不难判断：两分句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，且是反义并列，故选A。        7．例证关系 解释关系是指一个句子对另一个句子、短语或单词进行解释或说明。解释的方法既可通过某些动词（mean, be和suggest等），也可通过某些符号（破折号，冒号和括号等），或者关联词(for example/instance, namely等)。 这里只讨论句子之间的解释关系。 (2017年北京卷)In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of _____51_____. For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world.  51. A. praises     B. invitations     C. replies       D. appointments   解析：由for example可知，两句之间为解释关系。并且由后一句的句意“例如，她获得2007年度的BRICK Award大奖”可知，51空处应表示“奖励”，故选A。          8.时间关系 时间状语从句常由when, while, after, before, as soon as等引导。解题时一定要认真研究前后句之间的逻辑关系，结合语境推断出最佳选项。 (2017年江苏卷)In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases，turning up at school for practice hours _____38_____ anyone else had to be there.  38. A. before          B. after               C. until             D. since    解析：根据38空的前后句可知Gabriel不喜欢音乐，其中的一个原因就是学音乐的学生要比规定的到校时间早几个小时到校去练习音乐，故选A。  （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：历年说明型完形填空】 【2022·全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 . For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn’t 52 to her. A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it. 41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing 42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick 43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced 44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted 45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired 46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested 47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool 50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident 51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once 52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave 53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions 54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored 55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly 56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity 57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose 58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up 59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings 60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective 41-45 CBADC 46-50 CBDAB 51-55 BACAD 56-60 ABCDD 【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。 41. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C。 42. B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B。 43. A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A。 44. D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D。 45. C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C。 46. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our19suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 40 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C。 47. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 4-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B。 48. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D。 49. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A。 50. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t 54 to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B。 51. B。考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B。 52. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A。 53. C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C。 54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A。 55. D。考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their16to the questions reflected their true 57 ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D。 56. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A。 57. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B。 58. D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C。 59. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 4-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D。 60. D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D。 【2021·天津卷】For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____16____ when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____. For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work? With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He ____23____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the ____25____ to buy one. The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500 ____27____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ____28____ to their owners. Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment. "It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the ____35____ that he can make on people." 16. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened 17. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route 18. A. ever B. together C. instead D. yet 19. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace 20. A. lack B. variety C. increase D. quality 21. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission 22. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from 23. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered 24. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit 25. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse 26. A. shared B. used C. expensive D. modern 27. A. enquiries B. advertisements C. notices D. announcements 28. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned 29. A. hardly B. slightly C. truly D. instantly 30. A. Without B. Beyond C. Upon D. Among 31. A. practical B. commercial C. mathematical D. social 32. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile 33. A. promise B. celebration C. comfort D. experience 34. A. competition B. service C. ceremony D. suggestion 35. A. compromise B. impression C. impact D. progress 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C 【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。 16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his anger”可知发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。 17.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C. opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。 18.考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B. together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。 19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。 20.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C. increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。 21.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。 22.考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。 24.考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都是免费的。故选C。 25.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have the…to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选B。 26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B. used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。 27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries询问；B. advertisements广告；C. notices通知；D. announcements公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询问详细信息的询问。故选A。 28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还原主。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned返回，返还。结合后文“to their owners”指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。 29.考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。 30.考查介词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without除了；B. Beyond越过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在……中间。结合后文“simply satisfying a material need”表示“在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上”应用介词upon。故选C。 31.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。 32.考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。 33.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经历。”A. promise承诺；B. celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。 34.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。 35.考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact影响；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影响”。故选C。 （2015·广东·高考真题）How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 2 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 4 die. Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 5 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years! When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 6 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 7 until after age 75. People are living longer because more people 8 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 9 . Now that the chances of dying 10 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. On the whole, our population is getting older. The 11 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 12 , not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in 13 if not in age. As our society grows old, we need the 14 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 15 active and be devoted. 1．A．designed B．selected C．improved D．discovered 2．A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely 3．A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately 4．A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately 5．A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier 6．A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing 7．A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure 8．A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value 9．A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases 10．A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet 11．A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases 12．A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices 13．A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement 14．A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission 15．A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D 【分析】本文是说明文。这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。 1．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据live no longer than 120 years可知，人类最多不会活过120岁，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定的，be designed to do被设计，故应选A。 2．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据 the longest that anyone could hope to live可知，如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。 3．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据They wear out, and as a result可知，因为人体的细胞会耗尽，不会无止境的再生。因此应选C。 4．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据 They wear out, and as a result, we get old 可知，这里在说人的生长过程。选A。 5．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富有的；happier更开心的。根据than ever before可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。 6．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据 Sixty-five may be out-of-date可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。 7．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据until after age 75可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。 8．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。 9．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据 Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, 可知，由于以前没有现代药物，当时很多普遍的儿童因为疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。 10．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据the chances of living long are much higher 可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，现在少年死去的几率低了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。 11．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。 12．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。 13．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据 healthy, still active, and young in 　　13　　 if not in age.可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。 14．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据 they need to 　　15　　 active and be devoted.可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。 15．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据 With long lives ahead of them,可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。 （2013·广东·高考真题）Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 , in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 , experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 However, if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three. Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow. How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 13 group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled. It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow's. 1．A．rise B．pattern C．change D．trend 2．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Disappointedly D．Fortunately 3．A．survive B．care C．hatch D．notice 4．A．generally B．sincerely C．casually D．deliberately 5．A．distance B．range C．different D．interval 6．A．amazing B．annoying C．satisfying D．disturbing 7．A．relax B．recover C．react D．return 8．A．appointment B．excuse C．idea D．explanation 9．A．fool B．hurt C．catch D．kill 10．A．reported B．repeated C．designed D．approved 11．A．confused B．gone C．tired D．drunk 12．A．gradually B．luckily C．strangely D．finally 13．A．single B．small C．local D．new 14．A．seldom B．temporarily C．merely D．often 15．A．sight B．nature C．ability D．belief 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．D 13．B 14．D 15．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实验证明了鸟类在一定范围内也有和人类一样的感知数字变化的能力。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是意识到在数字方面改变的一种能力。A. rise上升；B. pattern模式；C. change改变；D. trend趋向。 根据下文的“For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one”可知，此处是指意识到数字方面改变的一种能力。故选C。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人吃惊的是，很多动物也有这方面的能力。A. Importantly重要地；B. Surprisingly令人吃惊地；C. Disappointedly失望地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据上下文句意，此处表示惊讶，居然动物也具有这种能力。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个巢里面有4个蛋，你拿走了一个，鸟是不会注意到的。A. survive幸存；B. care关心，在乎；C. hatch孵化；D. notice注意到。根据下文的“For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 　　13　　 group.”可知，此处是指拿走一个蛋，鸟不会注意到。notice是原词复现。故选D。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当你拿走两个时，鸟普遍会离开。A. generally普遍；B. sincerely衷心地；C. casually随意地；D. deliberately故意地。根据句意可知，此处是指如果被拿走的鸟蛋较多，鸟会注意到，遇到这种情况，鸟普遍会离开巢。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着鸟知道二和三的不同。A. distance距离；B. range范围；C. difference不同；D. interval间隔。结合上文给出的例子可知，鸟知道巢里面是两个还是三个蛋，即它们能分出二和三的不同。故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另外一个有趣的实验展示了鸟惊人的数字感。A. amazing令人吃惊的；B. annoying令人生气的；C. satisfying令人满意的；D. disturbing令人烦恼的。 结合下文给出的例子可知，鸟类有一个令人吃惊的数字感，它们能辨别出小范围内数字的改变。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到这个人离开塔这只鸟才返回巢穴。A. relax放松；B. recover恢复；C. react反应；D. return返回。根据下文的“But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 　　11　　”可知，此处是指等人离开了塔，鸟才返回巢中。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此人有了一个主意。A. appointment约会；B. excuse借口；C. idea主意；D. explanation解释。根据下文的“He took another man with him to the tower.”可知，这是此人的一个主意。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人离开，而另一个留下来，但他们没有骗到这只鸟。A. fool愚弄；B. hurt伤害；C. catch抓住；D. kill杀死。结合语境和根据下文的“It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 　　12　　 able to fool the crow.”可知，他们这样做是为了骗这只鸟。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该实验用三人和四人又重复了两次。A. reported报道；B. repeated重复；C. designed设计；D. approved赞同。结合上文可知，先是一个人参与实验，然后是两个人，现在是三个人和四个人，因此是重复该实验。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但乌鸦直到所有人都离开后才回到巢穴。A. confused困惑的；B. gone消失的；C. tired劳累的；D. drunk喝醉的。根据上文“The crow stayed away until the second man left, too.”可知，此处只是等人离开乌鸦才回到巢穴。故选B。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：直到五个人进入塔内，四个人离开时他们才最终骗到这只乌鸦。A. gradually逐渐地；B. luckily幸运地；C. strangely奇怪地；D. finally 最终。结合上文提到的几次实验可知，此处是指到最后一次实验时，他们才最终骗到乌鸦。故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果某物从一小部分东西中被拿走时，14个月左右大的孩子总是可以注意到。A. single单一的；B. small小的；C. local当地的；D. new 新的。根据下文的“But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 　　14　　 fooled.”可知，此处是指东西数量较小时，数字的变化14个月左右大的孩子可以注意到。故选B。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但当数字超过三或四时，这些孩子常常被骗。A. seldom很少；B. temporarily暂时；C. merely仅仅；D. often常常。根据but表示转折，上文说孩子总是可以注意到小部分数字变化，可知，此处是指如果数字超过三或四，孩子常常就注意不到变化了。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：似乎数字感是我们和动物在这个世界上共有的东西，并且我们人类的能力并不比一只乌鸦强多少。A. sight视线，视野；B. nature自然，本性；C. ability能力；D. belief信念。根据上文的“Human beings are born with this ability.”可知，此处是指人类感知数字变化的能力。故选C。 【类型二：说明型完形填空名校模拟】 （24-25高三上·辽宁·期末）How to Avoid Raising a Spoiled Child In the now classic scene from the movie Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, a little girl stamps her foot and 1 , “I want an Oompa Loompa now! ” as her father hurries to get her one. The more everyday version is that the child loses 2 at the grocery checkout line, stamping and yelling to get candy. Other customers shake their heads or 3 their eyes as they watch the 4 parent grab a candy bar off the shelf and hand it to the child. We can call such behavior 5 , over loved or entitled. Whatever the term, children who learn that their tantrums (发怒) and demands can get them what they want can 6 not only running the family as teens but also struggling in their relationships as 7 . Believing the world moves around them leaves others seeing them as self-centered, demanding and 8 of others. They are often in 9 at work, and their home life creates constant conflicts or leaves everyone walking on 10 . So, how do we avoid raising a spoiled child? Carrots are always better than sticks. The rule of 11 is to take action and be as non-emotional as possible when you need to set limits. And when your child doesn’t have a tantrum at the checkout, when she is acting 12 , it’s time to get out the balloons and confetti (五彩纸屑). The danger with always 13 and providing little reward is that the child learns to seek 14 attention, which for a child is better than no attention at all. Building in 15 quality time half an hour before bedtime or a(n) weekend outing with a teen does the same magic. 1．A．smiles B．whispers C．speaks D．screams 2．A．money B．interest C．heart D．temper 3．A．roll B．narrow C．close D．focus 4．A．sorrowful B．exited C．annoyed D．frightening 5．A．violent B．spoiled C．serious D．panicked 6．A．rely on B．go on C．end up D．take up 7．A．children B．adults C．juniors D．seniors 8．A．inconsiderate B．thoughtful C．supportive D．ashamed 9．A．danger B．debt C．trouble D．confusion 10．A．eggshells B．grounds C．nuts D．carpets 11．A．arm B．heart C．thumb D．eye 12．A．poorly B．appropriately C．rudely D．successfully 13．A．praising B．blaming C．comforting D．distancing 14．A．objective B．immediate C．further D．negative 15．A．experimental B．accidental C．sudden D．regular 【答案】 1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了父母如何避免养育出一个被宠坏的孩子。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在电影《威利旺卡和巧克力工厂》中的经典场景中，一个小女孩跺着脚尖叫：“我现在要一个奥柏伦柏！”她的父亲赶紧给她买了一个。A. smiles微笑；B. whispers耳语；C. speaks说话；D. screams尖叫。根据上文“stamps her foot (跺脚)”可知，孩子跺着脚尖叫着。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更日常的版本是孩子在杂货店结账时发脾气，跺着脚大喊着要糖果。A. money金钱；B. interest兴趣；C. heart心脏；D. temper坏脾气。根据下文“stamping and yelling to get candy.”可知，孩子在公众场所发脾气，lose temper意为“发脾气”。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他顾客看着恼火的父母从货架上拿下一块糖果递给孩子，都摇头或翻白眼。A. roll翻滚；B. narrow缩小；C. close关闭；D. focus聚焦。根据“shake their heads”可知，其他顾客对父母纵容表现出“翻白眼”的不满，roll one’s eyes意为“翻白眼”。故选A。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他顾客看着恼火的父母从货架上拿下一块糖果递给孩子，都摇头或翻白眼。A. sorrowful伤心的；B. exited兴奋的；C. annoyed恼火的；D. frightening可怕的。根据上文“The more everyday version is that the child loses ___2___ at the grocery checkout line, stamping and yelling to get candy.”可知，父母因为孩子的吵闹而妥协，所以此处表示父母是恼火的。故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种行为可以被称为被宠坏的、被爱过头了或者以自我为中心。A. violent暴力的；B. spoiled被宠坏的；C. serious严重的；D. panicked惊慌的。根据文章主题“Spoiled Child”及下文“how do we avoid raising a spoiled child?”可知，此处指的是“被宠坏的”行为。故选B。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管是什么，如果孩子们知道他们的发脾气和要求可以让他们得到他们想要的东西，那么他们最终不仅影响到家庭的管理，而且会在成年后的人际关系中挣扎。A. rely on依赖；B. go on继续；C. end up最终；D. take up占据。根据下文“not only running the family，可知，他们最终不仅影响到家庭的管理。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管是什么，如果孩子们知道他们的发脾气和要求可以让他们得到他们想要的东西，那么他们最终不仅影响到家庭的管理，而且会在成年后的人际关系中挣扎。A. children儿童；B. adults成年人；C. juniors年少者；D. seniors年长者。根据上文“teens”可知，此处强调在成年后也会挣扎。故选B。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相信世界是绕着他们转的，会让别人认为他们以自我为中心，要求很高，不为别人着想。A. inconsiderate不为他人着想的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. supportive支持的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据句中“self-centered (以自我为中心)”可知，此处表示不考虑别人，不为他人着想。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们经常在工作中遇到麻烦，他们的家庭生活经常产生冲突，或者让每个人都如履薄冰。A. danger危险；B. debt债务；C. trouble麻烦；D. confusion困惑。根据下文“their home life creates constant conflicts”可知，行为不好的孩子在工作中会遇到麻烦。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们经常在工作中遇到麻烦，他们的家庭生活经常产生冲突，或者让每个人都如履薄冰。A. eggshells蛋壳；B. grounds地面；C. nuts坚果；D. carpets地毯。根据上文“They are often in ___9___ at work, and their home life creates constant conflicts”可知，此处表示让每个人都如履薄冰可知，walking on eggshells意为“如履薄冰”。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经验法则是，当你需要设定限制时，采取行动，尽可能不情绪化。A. arm手臂；B. heart心脏；C. thumb拇指；D. eye眼睛。固定搭配“rule of thumb”表示“经验法则或原则”。故选C。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当你的孩子在结账时没有发脾气，当她表现得体时，是时候拿出气球和五彩纸屑来奖励他们。A. poorly糟糕地；B. appropriately适当地；C. rudely粗鲁地；D. successfully成功地。根据下文“it's time to get out the balloons and confetti (五彩纸屑)”可知，孩子表现得好(适当)时应予以奖励。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总是责备孩子而很少给予奖励的危险在于，孩子会学会寻求负面关注，因为对孩子来说，负面关注也比完全没有关注要好。A. praising表扬；B. blaming批评，指责；C. comforting安慰；D. distancing疏远。结合句意，批评指责会导致负面行为。根据下文“providing little reward”可知，是批评而很少奖励的危险在于，孩子学会寻求负面关注。故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：总是责备孩子而很少给予奖励的危险在于，孩子会学会寻求负面关注，因为对孩子来说，负面关注也比完全没有关注要好。A. objective客观的；B. immediate立即的；C. further进一步的；D. negative消极的，负面。根据下文“which for a child is better than no attention at all”可知，此处表示孩子学会寻求负面关注。故选D 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在睡前半小时建立定期的的优质时间，或者安排一个周末与青少年的外出活动，也能产生同样的效果。A. experimental实验的；B. accidental偶然的；C. sudden突然的；D. regular定期的，有规律的。根据下文“quality time”可知，此处指睡前半小时定期的优质时间。故选D。 （24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末）We have been educated that we have a short life, so we’d better 1 as many things as possible by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule. Then, we could lead a fulfilling life. However, sometimes, the more productive we are the more 2 we might be. Be 3 about a phenomenon called the “productivity trap (陷阱)”. Believe it or not, we would do far better to 4 if we are to make the most of our life. Surprisingly, 5 brings anxiety. Consider a basic goal, such as improving your email response. You might think you would be 6 with nothing in your inbox, and reply to each message the moment it comes in. But each email you send brings further 7 and more work to complete. 8 , the messages pile up again. Psychologists suggest trying “have done list”, the 9 of the “to do list”. Instead of starting out 10 each morning, “have done list” fills up with tasks you completed yesterday. It gives you a greater sense of 11 by recording your workload rather than stressing things you have yet to 12 . Avoiding the productivity trap does not mean 13 tasks on purpose or working less efficiently. Instead, it’s about finding a balance between personal efficiency and 14 . It means planning tasks carefully and setting realistic goals, while also giving yourself enough time to 15 after working hard. 1．A．pack B．donate C．believe D．enjoy 2．A．nervous B．stressed C．happy D．successful 3．A．sorry B．cautious C．hopeful D．angry 4．A．cheer up B．go back C．break away D．slow down 5．A．capability B．flexibility C．accuracy D．efficiency 6．A．relieved B．inspired C．bored D．impressed 7．A．goals B．surprises C．replies D．improvements 8．A．Initially B．Ultimately C．Similarly D．Additionally 9．A．future B．outcome C．core D．opposite 10．A．empty B．sleepy C．delightful D．grateful 11．A．timing B．belonging C．commitment D．achievement 12．A．finish B．discover C．assess D．list 13．A．undervaluing B．delaying C．prioritizing D．tracking 14．A．task-expectation B．well-being C．self-achievement D．time-management 15．A．create B．plan C．relax D．reflect 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“生产力陷阱”这一概念，并指出避免陷入该陷阱的方法，即找到个人效率与幸福感之间的平衡，合理规划任务，设定现实目标，并给自己留出放松的时间。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们被教育我们的寿命很短，所以我们最好通过鞭策甚至强迫自己在一个紧凑的时间表上塞进尽可能多的事情。A. pack打包，塞进，挤进；B. donate捐赠；C. believe相信；D. enjoy享受。根据上文“We have been educated that we have a short life”以及后文“as many things as possible by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule”可知，此处指通过鞭策、甚至强迫自己按照紧凑的时间表来尽可能多地做事，即把自己的时间安排得满满当当，塞入尽可能多的事情。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，有时，我们越富有成效，我们可能就越有压力。A. nervous紧张的；B. stressed有压力的；C. happy快乐的；D. successful成功的。根据前文“pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule”以及“ sometimes, the more productive we are”可知，把自己逼到一个紧张的日程上，做的事情越多，越富有成效，但是压力也会更大。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对一种叫做“生产力陷阱”的现象要谨慎。A. sorry遗憾的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. angry生气的。根据后文“about a phenomenon called the “productivity trap (陷阱)””可知，作者认为“生产力陷阱”是一个需要谨慎对待的现象。故选B项。 4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：信不信由你，如果我们想要充分利用我们的生命，放慢速度会做得更好。A. cheer up振作起来；B. go back回去；C. break away挣脱，脱离；D. slow down放慢速度。根据前文“we’d better  __1__ as many things as possible by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule.”以及“the “productivity trap(陷阱)””可知，此处是说与之相反的做法，即要放慢速度我们会做更好。故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，效率会带来焦虑。A. capability能力；B. flexibility灵活性；C. accuracy准确性；D. efficiency效率。根据前文“we’d better  __1__ as many things as possible by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule. However, sometimes, the more productive we are the more  ___2___ we might be.”以及“a phenomenon called the “productivity trap (陷阱)””可知，前文一直在说的追求高效却陷入陷阱等内容，此处强调效率高不一定都是好的，会引发焦虑。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能会觉得，收件箱里没有东西会让你如释重负，邮件一来就回复。A. relieved放松的，如释重负的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. bored无聊的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据后文“with nothing in your inbox”以及“reply to each message the moment it comes in”可知，收件箱里没有东西，会让人觉得很放松、如释重负。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但你发送的每一封邮件都会带来进一步的回复和更多要完成的工作。A. goals目标；B. surprises惊喜；C. replies回复；D. improvements改进。根据前文“reply to each message the moment it comes in”、后文“and more work to complete”及常识可知，回邮件会带来进一步的回复，以及更多要完成的工作。故选C项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，信息又会堆积起来。A. Initially最初；B. Ultimately最终；C. Similarly相似地；D. Additionally另外。根据前文“But each email you send brings further replies and more work to complete”及后文“the messages pile up again”可知，回复邮件，会带来进一步的回复以及更多要完成的工作，最终邮件又会堆积起来。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家建议尝试“已做清单”，它是“待办事项清单”的对立面。A. future未来；B. outcome结果；C. core核心；D. opposite对立面，相反的人或事物。根据前文“Psychologists suggest trying “have done list””及后文“of the “to do list””可知，心理学家建议尝试“已做清单”，它与“待办事项清单”是相反的概念。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与每天早上都空着手开始不同，“已做清单”会填满你昨天完成的任务。A. empty空的；B. sleepy困倦的；C. delightful令人愉快的；D. grateful感激的。根据后文“each morning, “have done list” fills up with tasks you completed yesterday”可知，与写满昨天你所完成任务的“已做清单”相对比，早上的“待办事项清单”空空如也，等待填写要做的事。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它通过记录你的工作量，而不是强调你尚未完成的事情，给了你更大的成就感。A. timing定时，时机的选择；B. belonging所属；C. commitment承诺；D. achievement成就。根据上文“Psychologists suggest trying “have done list””以及后文“by recording your workload rather than stressing things you have yet to”可知，此处指尝试“任务清单”记录工作量，而不是强调未完成的事情，会有更大的成就感。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它通过记录你的工作量，而不是强调你尚未完成的事情，给了你更大的成就感。A. finish完成；B. discover发现；C. assess评估；D. list列出。根据前文“Psychologists suggest trying “have done list””以及“by recording your workload rather than stressing things you have yet to”可知，此处指记录自己的工作量而不是强调“尚未完成的事情”。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：避免陷入效率陷阱并不意味着故意拖延任务或工作效率低下。A. undervaluing低估；B. delaying拖延；C. prioritizing优先处理；D. tracking追踪。根据后文“or working less efficiently”可知，此处是说避免生产力陷阱并不意味着要做的负面行为，即故意拖延任务或工作效率低下。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，它关乎在个人效率和幸福感之间找到平衡。A. task-expectation任务期望；B. well-being幸福，健康；C. self-achievement自我实现；D. time-management时间管理。根据前文“Avoiding the productivity trap does not mean delaying tasks on purpose or working less efficiently”及后文“It means planning tasks carefully and setting realistic goals”可知，避免效率陷阱不是拖延任务或工作效率低下，而是仔细规划任务，设定现实的目标，这是在个人效率和幸福感之间找到平衡。故选B项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着仔细规划任务，设定现实的目标，同时也给自己足够的时间在努力工作后放松。A. create创造；B. plan计划；C. relax放松；D. reflect反思。根据前文“setting realistic goals”及后文“after working hard”可知，工作后需要放松，体现合理安排中给自己留出放松时间。故选C项。 Trends come and go. Many goods that people buy to 1 fashion end up in the rubbish bin. Now young American people are giving these things a second 2 . Called “Stoopers (旧物猎人)”, they pick up idle (闲置的) goods and 3 them. They are mainly in big cities like New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. Anne Brown, 27, is one of them. Anne first stooped in June 2022 when many residents in a community left their 4 on the street after they moved house. After that, she often “ 5 treasures” in her free time. Now her small apartment holds things redesigned from the idle goods she collected, including tables, chairs and clothing. “Though many people say stooping is like collecting 6 , for me, it’s making the best of things,” the 27-year-old digital marketer said. That’s why she wanted to 7 the trend to others. Whenever she spots goods that are 8 used and she doesn’t need them, Anne puts a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them and then posts pictures of them on her social media accounts to 9 others to pick them up. Influenced by stoopers like Anne, 16-year-old Carmen Smith from a high school in Houston fell in love with stooping. The 10 of “one man’s trash is another man’s treasure” is what attracts her most. She said since her childhood, her family, who came from India, has often told stories about how past generations 11 the period during which goods were in 12 shortage. “Frugality (节俭) has always been a traditional virtue in India,” Carmen said. Despite this, Carmen admitted that many teenagers, including herself, are sometimes 13 consumption, leading to significant waste. This realization urged her to start stooping this year. Carmen added that the first time she used paper from books 14 by students on campus to make paper roses, she felt excited. “During the process of stooping, I start to observe my surroundings, which I had 15 taken for granted (想当然),” she said. 1．A．put up with B．do away with C．be familiar with D．keep pace with 2．A．goal B．deal C．life D．rule 3．A．restrict B．reserve C．reuse D．review 4．A．belongings B．pets C．fruits D．plants 5．A．displayed B．hunted C．purchased D．buried 6．A．paper B．cloth C．money D．garbage 7．A．promote B．return C．throw D．adjust 8．A．similarly B．barely C．blindly D．secretly 9．A．forbid B．force C．guide D．order 10．A．greeting B．hobby C．diary D．philosophy 11．A．survived B．valued C．wasted D．overlooked 12．A．occasional B．serious C．temporary D．slight 13．A．sensitive to B．close to C．addicted to D．equal to 14．A．treasured B．packed C．posted D．abandoned 15．A．beneficially B．previously C．dangerously D．responsibly 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍美国年轻人中兴起的一种成为“旧物猎人”趋势，他们收集并重新利用废弃物品，给予这些物品第二次生命。文章以27岁的Anne Brown和16岁的Carmen Smith为例，讲述了她们捡拾和改造废弃物品的经历，Anne通过社交媒体推广这种趋势，而Carmen则受到这种生活方式的启发，开始关注并珍惜周围的资源。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们为了赶时髦而购买的许多商品最后都被扔进了垃圾箱。A. put up with忍受；B. do away with废除；C. be familiar with熟悉；D. keep pace with跟上。根据上文“Many goods that people buy to”和下文“fashion”可推知，人们买这些商品是为了跟上潮流，也就是赶时髦。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，美国的年轻人正在赋予这些东西第二次生命。A. goal目标；B. deal交易；C. life生命；D. rule规则。根据下文“Now her small apartment holds things redesigned from the idle goods she collected, including tables, chairs and clothing.”可知，属于旧物猎人的Anne在自己的生活中再次使用这些收集来的闲置物品，因此是赋予这些东西第二次生命。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被称为“旧物猎人”，他们收集闲置物品并重新利用它们。A. restrict限制；B. reserve保留；C. reuse重新利用；D. review回顾。根据下文“Now her small apartment holds things redesigned from the idle goods she collected, including tables, chairs and clothing.”可知，属于旧物猎人的Anne在自己的生活中再次使用这些收集来的闲置物品，因此是重新利用它们。故选C。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Anne第一次弯腰捡废弃物是在2022年6月，当时一个社区的许多居民在搬家后将物品留在街上。A. belongings所有物；B. pets宠物；C. fruits水果；D. plants植物。根据下文“after they moved house”可推知，这些搬家的居民会把剩余不需要的物品留在街上。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，她经常在空闲时间“寻宝”。A. displayed展示；B. hunted搜寻；C. purchased购买；D. buried埋葬。根据上文“Called “Stoopers (旧物猎人)”, they pick up idle (闲置的) goods and ___3___ them.”可知，旧物猎人会收集闲置物品，因此是在空闲时间“寻宝”。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位27岁的数字营销人员说：“虽然很多人说弯腰捡废弃物就像捡垃圾，但对我来说，这是在尽力而为。”A. paper纸张；B. cloth布料；C. money金钱；D. garbage垃圾。根据上文“Though many people say stooping is like collecting”和下文“for me, it’s making the best of things,”可知，此处有让步关系，Anne自己认为这是在尽力而为，很多人的想法应该是与此不同，认为弯腰捡废弃物就像捡垃圾。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么她想把这种趋势推广给其他人。A. promote推广；B. return返回；C. throw扔；D. adjust调整。根据上文“for me, it’s making the best of things”可知，Anne自己认为这是在尽力而为，因此她会想把这种趋势推广给其他人。故选A。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：每当Anne发现几乎没有使用或者不需要的物品时，她就会在这些物品上贴上一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布它们的照片，引导别人把它们捡起来。A. similarly同样地；B. barely几乎不；C. blindly盲目地；D. secretly秘密地。根据上文“they pick up idle (闲置的) goods”可知，旧物猎人会收集闲置物品，因此此处指发现几乎没有使用的物品，这样的物品便于回收再利用。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当Anne发现很少使用或者不需要的物品时，她就会在这些物品上贴上一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布它们的照片，引导别人把它们捡起来。A. forbid禁止；B. force强迫；C. guide引导；D. order命令。根据上文“Anne puts a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them and then posts pictures of them on her social media accounts”可知，Anne会在这些物品上贴上一对眼球形状的贴纸，在她的社交媒体账户上发布它们的照片，可推知她这样做的目的是引导别人把它们捡起来。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“一个人的垃圾是另一个人的宝藏”的哲学最吸引她。A. greeting问候；B. hobby爱好；C. diary日记；D. philosophy哲学。根据下文“one man’s trash is another man’s treasure”可知，“一个人的垃圾是另一个人的宝藏”是一种哲学理念。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说，从她小时候起，她来自印度的家人就经常讲述过去几代人如何在物资严重短缺的时期生存下来的故事。A. survived幸存；B. valued重视；C. wasted浪费；D. overlooked忽视。根据上文“her family, who came from India, has often told stories about how past generations”和下文“the period during which goods were in ___12___ shortage”可推知，家人经常讲述的故事应该是过去几代人如何在物资短缺的时期生存下来。故选A。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，从她小时候起，她来自印度的家人就经常讲述过去几代人如何在物资严重短缺的时期生存下来的故事。A. occasional偶尔的；B. serious严重的；C. temporary暂时的；D. slight轻微的。根据下文“Frugality (节俭) has always been a traditional virtue in India”可知，节俭一直是印度的传统美德，由此推知，先辈们应该是熬过物资严重短缺的时期，养成了这样的美德。故选B。 13．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：尽管如此，Carmen承认，包括她自己在内的许多青少年有时会沉迷于消费，导致严重的浪费。A. sensitive to对……敏感；B. close to接近；C. addicted to沉迷于；D. equal to等于。根据下文“leading to significant waste”可推知，许多青少年有时会沉迷于消费，从而导致严重的浪费。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Carmen补充说，她第一次用学生们丢弃的书本纸来做纸玫瑰时，她感到很兴奋。A. treasured珍视；B. packed打包；C. posted邮寄；D. abandoned遗弃。根据上文“Influenced by stoopers like Anne, 16-year-old Carmen Smith from a high school in Houston fell in love with stooping.”可知，Carmen也喜欢弯腰捡废弃物，因此使用的是学生们丢弃的书本纸。故选D。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说：“在弯腰捡废弃物的过程中，我开始观察周围的环境，而以前我认为这是理所当然的。”A. beneficially有益地；B. previously以前；C. dangerously危险地；D. responsibly负责地。根据上文“had”和下文“taken for granted (想当然)”可知，此处时态用了过去完成时，因此是指她以前认为这是理所当然的。故选B。 ( 24 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点14 完形填空之说明文 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 考点1 议论文型 完形填空 （5年1考） 2022浙江6月卷—信任的重要性； 2018浙江卷—越忙越能办好事。 1.说明型完形填空在全国甲卷、乙卷相对较多，在新高考课表卷尚未出现过。 2.说明型完形填空需要掌握文章结构特点和语言特点。 3.课外需要广泛阅读，深入积累，尤其是熟词新义和背景知识。 考点2 说明文型 完形填空 （5年2考） 2022全国乙卷—孩子捉迷藏的背后; 2021天津卷—为小区免费修车; 2015广东卷—长寿与老龄化; 2015安徽卷—减少垃圾，理性消费; 2013广东卷—鸟类感受数字能力; 2010安徽卷--钢笔特点; 2009江苏卷--中学生是否应参加社区服务。 【高考考向】 近年高考卷完形填空文章长度250词左右，选材来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵循“文章内容生活化”原则，体现正确的人生观、价值观，传递正能量。 主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然，体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和夹叙夹议文为辅。文章要求考生在正确理解语篇主旨大意的同时，注重揣摩不同词语、句子及篇章结构之间的联系。 【解题策略】 1. 明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。 2. 弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。 【思维导图】 【逻辑关系】 1.因果关系 文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如：because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。 (2019年全国卷1)  Every year about 40000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They __41    with them lots of waste. The    42   might damage the beauty of the place.  41.A. keep        B. mix           C. connect     D. Bring 42.A. stories      B. buildings          C. crowds       D. reporters 2.条件关系 条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。 (2016年北京卷) The children of Nome would be _____37_____ if it (a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children) struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.  37. A. harmless        B. helpless          C. fearless          D. careless       3.让步关系 一般说来，让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步关联词有despite，in spite of, regardless of等，连词类有though，although，as和while以及even if, even though等。 (2016年天津卷)Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm. _____33_____ skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.”   33. A. Although     B. Since           C. Once         D. Because 4．转折关系 当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时，前句往往提出某种事实或情况，后句转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思， 即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。常见关联词：however, but, on the contrary等。  (2016年全国Ⅱ卷) We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, _____48_____ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident. 48. A. and  B. then  C. but  D. thus 5．对比关系 当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时，两句在意义上应具有明显的差异，以便进行对照比较。常见关联词：while, whereas, not….. but, instead等。  (2017年新课标Ⅰ卷) The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant._____58_____, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less. 58. A. Lastly     B. Thus         C. Instead    D. However        6．并列关系 在用并列连词and或not only…but also把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中，前后句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，既可以是同近义并列，也可以反义并列。解题时，可从一个简单句推知正确答案。   (2017年新课标Ⅱ卷) Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）. He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s_____46_____. 46. A. misfortune       B. disbelief          C. dishonesty        D. mistake 7．例证关系 解释关系是指一个句子对另一个句子、短语或单词进行解释或说明。解释的方法既可通过某些动词（mean, be和suggest等），也可通过某些符号（破折号，冒号和括号等），或者关联词(for example/instance, namely等)。 这里只讨论句子之间的解释关系。 (2017年北京卷)In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of _____51_____. For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world.  51. A. praises     B. invitations     C. replies       D. appointments   8.时间关系 时间状语从句常由when, while, after, before, as soon as等引导。解题时一定要认真研究前后句之间的逻辑关系，结合语境推断出最佳选项。 (2017年江苏卷)In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases，turning up at school for practice hours _____38_____ anyone else had to be there.  38. A. before          B. after               C. until             D. since    （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：历年说明型完形填空】 【2022·全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 . For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn’t 52 to her. A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it. 41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing 42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick 43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced 44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted 45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired 46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested 47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool 50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident 51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once 52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave 53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions 54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored 55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly 56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity 57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose 58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up 59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings 60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective 【2021·天津卷】For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____16____ when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____. For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work? With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He ____23____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the ____25____ to buy one. The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500 ____27____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ____28____ to their owners. Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment. "It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the ____35____ that he can make on people." 16. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened 17. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route 18. A. ever B. together C. instead D. yet 19. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace 20. A. lack B. variety C. increase D. quality 21. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission 22. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from 23. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered 24. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit 25. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse 26. A. shared B. used C. expensive D. modern 27. A. enquiries B. advertisements C. notices D. announcements 28. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned 29. A. hardly B. slightly C. truly D. instantly 30. A. Without B. Beyond C. Upon D. Among 31. A. practical B. commercial C. mathematical D. social 32. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile 33. A. promise B. celebration C. comfort D. experience 34. A. competition B. service C. ceremony D. suggestion 35. A. compromise B. impression C. impact D. progress （2015·广东·高考真题）How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 2 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 4 die. Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 5 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years! When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 6 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 7 until after age 75. People are living longer because more people 8 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 9 . Now that the chances of dying 10 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. On the whole, our population is getting older. The 11 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 12 , not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in 13 if not in age. As our society grows old, we need the 14 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 15 active and be devoted. 1．A．designed B．selected C．improved D．discovered 2．A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely 3．A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately 4．A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately 5．A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier 6．A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing 7．A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure 8．A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value 9．A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases 10．A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet 11．A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases 12．A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices 13．A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement 14．A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission 15．A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay （2013·广东·高考真题）Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 , in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 , experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 However, if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three. Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow. How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 13 group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled. It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crow's. 1．A．rise B．pattern C．change D．trend 2．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Disappointedly D．Fortunately 3．A．survive B．care C．hatch D．notice 4．A．generally B．sincerely C．casually D．deliberately 5．A．distance B．range C．different D．interval 6．A．amazing B．annoying C．satisfying D．disturbing 7．A．relax B．recover C．react D．return 8．A．appointment B．excuse C．idea D．explanation 9．A．fool B．hurt C．catch D．kill 10．A．reported B．repeated C．designed D．approved 11．A．confused B．gone C．tired D．drunk 12．A．gradually B．luckily C．strangely D．finally 13．A．single B．small C．local D．new 14．A．seldom B．temporarily C．merely D．often 15．A．sight B．nature C．ability D．belief 【类型二：说明型完形填空名校模拟】 （24-25高三上·辽宁·期末）How to Avoid Raising a Spoiled Child In the now classic scene from the movie Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, a little girl stamps her foot and 1 , “I want an Oompa Loompa now! ” as her father hurries to get her one. The more everyday version is that the child loses 2 at the grocery checkout line, stamping and yelling to get candy. Other customers shake their heads or 3 their eyes as they watch the 4 parent grab a candy bar off the shelf and hand it to the child. We can call such behavior 5 , over loved or entitled. Whatever the term, children who learn that their tantrums (发怒) and demands can get them what they want can 6 not only running the family as teens but also struggling in their relationships as 7 . Believing the world moves around them leaves others seeing them as self-centered, demanding and 8 of others. They are often in 9 at work, and their home life creates constant conflicts or leaves everyone walking on 10 . So, how do we avoid raising a spoiled child? Carrots are always better than sticks. The rule of 11 is to take action and be as non-emotional as possible when you need to set limits. And when your child doesn’t have a tantrum at the checkout, when she is acting 12 , it’s time to get out the balloons and confetti (五彩纸屑). The danger with always 13 and providing little reward is that the child learns to seek 14 attention, which for a child is better than no attention at all. Building in 15 quality time half an hour before bedtime or a(n) weekend outing with a teen does the same magic. 1．A．smiles B．whispers C．speaks D．screams 2．A．money B．interest C．heart D．temper 3．A．roll B．narrow C．close D．focus 4．A．sorrowful B．exited C．annoyed D．frightening 5．A．violent B．spoiled C．serious D．panicked 6．A．rely on B．go on C．end up D．take up 7．A．children B．adults C．juniors D．seniors 8．A．inconsiderate B．thoughtful C．supportive D．ashamed 9．A．danger B．debt C．trouble D．confusion 10．A．eggshells B．grounds C．nuts D．carpets 11．A．arm B．heart C．thumb D．eye 12．A．poorly B．appropriately C．rudely D．successfully 13．A．praising B．blaming C．comforting D．distancing 14．A．objective B．immediate C．further D．negative 15．A．experimental B．accidental C．sudden D．regular （24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末）We have been educated that we have a short life, so we’d better 1 as many things as possible by pushing, or even forcing, ourselves to a tight schedule. Then, we could lead a fulfilling life. However, sometimes, the more productive we are the more 2 we might be. Be 3 about a phenomenon called the “productivity trap (陷阱)”. Believe it or not, we would do far better to 4 if we are to make the most of our life. Surprisingly, 5 brings anxiety. Consider a basic goal, such as improving your email response. You might think you would be 6 with nothing in your inbox, and reply to each message the moment it comes in. But each email you send brings further 7 and more work to complete. 8 , the messages pile up again. Psychologists suggest trying “have done list”, the 9 of the “to do list”. Instead of starting out 10 each morning, “have done list” fills up with tasks you completed yesterday. It gives you a greater sense of 11 by recording your workload rather than stressing things you have yet to 12 . Avoiding the productivity trap does not mean 13 tasks on purpose or working less efficiently. Instead, it’s about finding a balance between personal efficiency and 14 . It means planning tasks carefully and setting realistic goals, while also giving yourself enough time to 15 after working hard. 1．A．pack B．donate C．believe D．enjoy 2．A．nervous B．stressed C．happy D．successful 3．A．sorry B．cautious C．hopeful D．angry 4．A．cheer up B．go back C．break away D．slow down 5．A．capability B．flexibility C．accuracy D．efficiency 6．A．relieved B．inspired C．bored D．impressed 7．A．goals B．surprises C．replies D．improvements 8．A．Initially B．Ultimately C．Similarly D．Additionally 9．A．future B．outcome C．core D．opposite 10．A．empty B．sleepy C．delightful D．grateful 11．A．timing B．belonging C．commitment D．achievement 12．A．finish B．discover C．assess D．list 13．A．undervaluing B．delaying C．prioritizing D．tracking 14．A．task-expectation B．well-being C．self-achievement D．time-management 15．A．create B．plan C．relax D．reflect Trends come and go. Many goods that people buy to 1 fashion end up in the rubbish bin. Now young American people are giving these things a second 2 . Called “Stoopers (旧物猎人)”, they pick up idle (闲置的) goods and 3 them. They are mainly in big cities like New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. Anne Brown, 27, is one of them. Anne first stooped in June 2022 when many residents in a community left their 4 on the street after they moved house. After that, she often “ 5 treasures” in her free time. Now her small apartment holds things redesigned from the idle goods she collected, including tables, chairs and clothing. “Though many people say stooping is like collecting 6 , for me, it’s making the best of things,” the 27-year-old digital marketer said. That’s why she wanted to 7 the trend to others. Whenever she spots goods that are 8 used and she doesn’t need them, Anne puts a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them and then posts pictures of them on her social media accounts to 9 others to pick them up. Influenced by stoopers like Anne, 16-year-old Carmen Smith from a high school in Houston fell in love with stooping. The 10 of “one man’s trash is another man’s treasure” is what attracts her most. She said since her childhood, her family, who came from India, has often told stories about how past generations 11 the period during which goods were in 12 shortage. “Frugality (节俭) has always been a traditional virtue in India,” Carmen said. Despite this, Carmen admitted that many teenagers, including herself, are sometimes 13 consumption, leading to significant waste. This realization urged her to start stooping this year. Carmen added that the first time she used paper from books 14 by students on campus to make paper roses, she felt excited. “During the process of stooping, I start to observe my surroundings, which I had 15 taken for granted (想当然),” she said. 1．A．put up with B．do away with C．be familiar with D．keep pace with 2．A．goal B．deal C．life D．rule 3．A．restrict B．reserve C．reuse D．review 4．A．belongings B．pets C．fruits D．plants 5．A．displayed B．hunted C．purchased D．buried 6．A．paper B．cloth C．money D．garbage 7．A．promote B．return C．throw D．adjust 8．A．similarly B．barely C．blindly D．secretly 9．A．forbid B．force C．guide D．order 10．A．greeting B．hobby C．diary D．philosophy 11．A．survived B．valued C．wasted D．overlooked 12．A．occasional B．serious C．temporary D．slight 13．A．sensitive to B．close to C．addicted to D．equal to 14．A．treasured B．packed C．posted D．abandoned 15．A．beneficially B．previously C．dangerously D．responsibly ( 13 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$