04高中英语阅读理解能力提升人与社会之文学、艺术与体育类-备战2025年高考

04高中英语阅读理解能力提升人与社会之文学、艺术与体育类 目录 最新考情分析 解题技巧 典例解读 高考再现 最新考情分析 选材特点 文学类： 经典与现代并重：既会选取经典文学作品的节选，如莎士比亚的戏剧、狄更斯的小说等，让学生感受经典文学的魅力和语言风格；也会选用现当代的文学作品，包括一些热门小说、散文等，内容可能涉及青春成长、情感体验、社会现象等，贴近学生的生活实际和时代背景。 文化多元性：涵盖不同国家和民族的文学作品，体现多元文化的交流与融合，例如会出现非洲、亚洲等地区的文学作品，拓宽学生的文化视野。 艺术类： 艺术形式广泛：涉及绘画、雕塑、音乐、舞蹈、戏剧、电影等多种艺术形式，如介绍某位著名画家的生平与作品、某种音乐流派的特点、一部经典电影的赏析等，让学生了解不同艺术形式的创作、发展和影响。 与生活联系紧密：选材注重与日常生活中的艺术现象相结合，如城市中的公共艺术、流行音乐的发展趋势、社交媒体对艺术传播的影响等，使学生认识到艺术与生活息息相关。 体育类： 热门体育项目居多：常以足球、篮球、网球、游泳等大众熟知的热门体育项目为背景，如讲述体育赛事的精彩瞬间、运动员的奋斗历程、体育精神的体现等，容易引起学生的阅读兴趣。 体育与健康、社会的融合：强调体育对身体健康的重要性，以及体育在社会发展中的作用，如体育产业的兴起、体育与教育的结合、体育对社区凝聚力的促进等。 命题特点 文学类： 主旨与细节理解并重：既会考查对文学作品主旨大意的把握，如文章的主题、作者的写作意图等；也会涉及对细节内容的理解，如人物的性格特点、情节的发展脉络、环境描写的作用等812。 深度理解与鉴赏：要求学生对文学作品进行深度理解和鉴赏，如分析作品的语言特色、写作手法、象征意义、主题的升华等，考查学生的文学素养和审美能力。 艺术类： 艺术知识与语言能力结合：在考查学生对文章内容理解的同时，也会涉及一些艺术专业知识的考查，如艺术流派的特点、艺术术语的含义等，需要学生具备一定的艺术素养和相关词汇量。 观点与态度分析：注重考查学生对文章中所表达的艺术观点和作者态度的分析能力，如作者对某一艺术作品或艺术现象的评价、观点的依据等，培养学生的批判性思维。 体育类： 事实与推理判断：既会考查学生对体育类文章中具体事实的理解，如体育赛事的结果、运动员的成绩等；也会通过推理判断题型，考查学生对文章中隐含信息的推断能力，如运动员的心理状态、比赛的后续影响等。 体育精神的理解：突出对体育精神的考查，如团队合作、拼搏奋斗、尊重对手等，要求学生从文章中提炼出体育精神的内涵，并结合实际生活进行理解和应用。 干扰项特点 文学类： 曲解文意：对文章中的人物形象、情节发展、作者观点等进行错误解读，干扰学生对文章的正确理解。 张冠李戴：将文中不同人物的行为、特点或不同情节的内容混淆，误导学生选择错误答案。 艺术类： 艺术概念混淆：故意混淆不同艺术流派、艺术形式或艺术术语的概念，使学生在理解上产生偏差。 主观臆断：在选项中加入个人的主观观点和评价，而这些观点并非文章所表达的内容，干扰学生的判断。 体育类： 无关信息干扰：选项中出现与文章内容无关的体育知识或其他信息，分散学生的注意力。 数据错误：在涉及体育比赛成绩、运动员数据等内容时，故意设置错误的数据，误导学生进行计算或判断。 解题技巧 词汇理解 文学、艺术与体育类文章可能会出现一些特定领域的词汇。遇到生词时，先不要着急查字典。可以通过上下文语境来猜测词义。例如，在一篇关于芭蕾舞的文章中出现 “plié” 这个词，后面句子可能会描述舞者腿部的弯曲动作，从而推测它与舞蹈动作有关。 注意一些具有感情色彩的词汇，它们可以帮助你理解作者的态度。比如在一篇艺术评论中，“magnificent”“exquisite” 等词表示赞美，而 “mediocre”“clumsy” 可能是在表达负面评价。 句子理解 这类文章中可能会有复杂的长句，尤其是在文学作品或艺术评论中。学会分析句子结构，找出句子的主干部分。例如，“The novel, which is set in a post - apocalyptic world where resources are scarce and survival is a daily struggle, tells a heart - wrenching story of a young girl's journey to find her lost family.” 这个句子的主干是 “The novel tells a story”，通过分析可以更好地理解文章内容。 对于引用的句子，要结合上下文来理解其在文中的作用。比如在一篇体育明星传记中引用了运动员的一句话 “‘I never give up, no matter how tough the situation is.’”，这很可能是体现该运动员坚韧不拔的精神。 段落理解 把握段落的中心思想。通常段落的首句或尾句会概括段落主旨。在阅读文学作品节选时，注意情节的发展、人物关系的变化；对于艺术评论，关注作者对不同艺术作品或艺术家的评价观点变化；体育类文章则要留意赛事的过程、运动员的表现变化等。 注意段落之间的过渡词，如 “however”“moreover”“in addition”“therefore” 等，它们可以帮助你理解文章的逻辑结构。例如，“However, not all critics agreed with the artist's new style.” 表明了观点的转折，引出了不同的评价。 主旨大意题 归纳文章的主题。对于文学类，可以是小说的中心思想、人物形象特点；艺术类可能是对某个艺术现象或艺术家的总体评价；体育类则是体育事件的主要内容或体育精神体现。避免选择过于片面的选项，要涵盖文章的主要方面。 标题选择题也是主旨题的一种形式。选择的标题要能够准确概括文章内容并且具有吸引力。例如，对于一篇讲述一位画家突破传统绘画风格的文章，“The Revolutionary Art of [Painter's Name]” 比 “[Painter's Name]'s Paintings” 更能体现文章主旨。 细节理解题 仔细对照文章内容和选项。注意选项中的信息是否与原文一致，可能会出现细节的偷换概念、张冠李戴等错误。比如原文说某运动员在比赛的第一节进了球，选项说成是第二节进球，这就是错误选项。 对于数字、日期、人名、地名等细节要特别关注，这些很容易成为出题点。 推理判断题 基于文章的内容进行合理推理。不能脱离原文进行主观臆断。例如，在一篇文学作品中描述主人公总是独来独往，很少与人交流，我们可以推理出主人公可能是个性格内向的人，但不能过度推断说主人公有心理疾病。 注意作者的观点和态度，推断作者对所描述的文学作品、艺术现象或体育事件的立场。如果作者使用了很多褒义词来描述一位艺术家的作品，那么可以推断作者是欣赏该艺术家的。 词义猜测题 再次回顾猜测词义的上下文语境，确保答案的合理性。如果题目要求解释某个词在文中的意思，所选答案要符合该词在句子和段落中的逻辑关系。同时，可以将选项代入原文中，看是否通顺。 典例解读 （一） （21-22高三·山东济南·开学考试）On today’s blog post, I’ll be talking about my favorite magazines. I love reading books & magazines, and I’m learning so many useful tips about healthy living, daily life, etc. Women’s Health Women’s Health has a unique content. You can find various interesting information about healthy living or exercises you can do at home. I also love their writers because they explain every topic so simple that you can even understand biological articles. Healthy Food Guide I totally recommend it to everyone because it has lots of useful information about being healthy during your daily life. In this magazine, you can find articles about foods you often eat but don’t have much idea what it contains or if they’re healthy. If you are searching for new diets, this magazine gives you all the information. Time Out Time Out is a well-known magazine and it’s free in my city. Every time I see a Time Out magazine, I get it because it has lots of useful tips. I got Time Out London when I was in London, and I discovered new restaurants, galleries, museums, and events. This magazine has various information about the city life. For example, it gives you the events that are happening near you. It gives you tips for the railway stations and other transportation choices. La Cucina Italiana If you love cooking Italian food, this magazine is for you! It has lots of recipes and also restaurant reviews. You can also find popular restaurants near you in this magazine. I’ve also read articles by famous chefs from my city. 1．What can we find in Healthy Food Guide? A．Ways to keep fit. B．Tips on cooking. C．Different eating habits. D．Information of new restaurants. 2．What can we read to find comments on restaurants? A．Time Out. B．Women’s Health. C．Healthy Food Guide. D．La Cucina Italiana. 3．What can we learn about the author? A．He lives in London. B．He loves and enjoys life. C．He often goes travelling. D．He likes collecting recipes. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几本作者很喜欢的杂志。 1．细节理解题。根据Healthy Food Guide部分“I totally recommend it to everyone because it has lots of useful information about being healthy during your daily life.(我完全推荐它给每个人，因为它有很多关于在日常生活中保持健康的有用信息)”可知，我们可以在Healthy Food Guide中找到保持健康的方法。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据La Cucina Italiana部分“It has lots of recipes and also restaurant reviews.(它有很多菜谱和餐馆评论)”可知，我们可以阅读La Cucina Italiana来查找对于餐馆的评论。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“I love reading books & magazines, and I’m learning so many useful tips about healthy living, daily life, etc.(我喜欢阅读书籍和杂志，并且我正在学习许多关于健康生活、日常生活等的有用技巧)”可知，作者喜欢阅读，并正在学习关于健康和生活的有用技巧，推测作者是热爱生活并享受生活的。故选B项。 （二） （24-25高一上·山西太原·阶段练习）Short stories are amazing. You can get something useful out of them. The Bogey-Beast Flora Annie Steel A woman who is very, very cheerful finds a pot of gold on the road. Pleased with her luck, she decides to keep it. As she is taking it home, it keeps changing and ends up becoming a Bogey-Beast. However, her enthusiasm (热情) doesn’t fade away. Her positive personality makes every terrible situation seem like a gift. There Will Come Soft Rains Ray Bradbury Earth has been destroyed by nuclear (核武器的) war. However, machines continue to function and serve humans who died long ago. The title is taken from a poem describing how nature will continue its work long after humanity is gone. But in this story, we see that nature plays a supporting role and that machines have taken its place. The Tale of Johnny Town-Mouse Beatrix Potter Timmy is a country mouse accidentally taken to a city. He finds himself at a party and makes a friend. When he can’t bear the city life, he returns to his home. When his friend visits him, something similar happens. Village and city life are different and we need to decide their costs and benefits. The Night Train at Deoli Ruskin Bond While taking the train, Ruskin Bond always has to pass through a small station called Deoli. One day he sees a girl selling fruit and he is unable to forget her. This is about our attachment (依恋) to strangers and why we treasure them even though we do not meet them ever again. 4．What does There Will Come Soft Rains want to tell us? A．Nature works in its own way. B．Humans shouldn’t break the laws of nature. C．Technology will disappear eventually without humanity. D．Technology should be developed to serve our life. 5．What happened to Timmy’s friend? A．He settled down in the village. B．He made many friends in the village. C．He couldn’t get used to the village life. D．He couldn’t bear the life in the city anymore 6．Whose story tries to show the connections between people? A．Flora Annie Steel’s. B．Ray Bradbury’s. C．Beatrix Potter’s. D．Ruskin Bond’s. 【答案】4．A 5．C 6．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四篇不同作者、不同主题的短篇小说，并对每篇小说的基本情节和主题进行了简要概述。 4．细节理解题。根据文章There Will Come Soft Rains部分中的“However, machines continue to function and serve humans who died long ago. The title is taken from a poem describing how nature will continue its work long after humanity is gone. (然而，机器仍在继续运转，为早已逝去的人类服务。标题取自一首诗，诗中描绘了人类消失后，大自然将一如既往地延续其规律)”可知，文章通过讲述地球被核战争摧毁后，机器继续运转服务早已死去的人类的故事，来告诉人们自然按自己的方式运作，而不是人类可以控制的。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据文章The Tale of Johnny Town-Mouse部分中的“When he can’t bear the city life, he returns to his home. When his friend visits him, something similar happens.(当他无法忍受城市生活时，便回到了自己的家。后来他的朋友来乡下拜访他，类似的情况再次发生)”结合前文 Timmy 无法忍受城市生活可知，这里类似的事情指 Timmy 的朋友无法适应乡村生活。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据文章The Night Train at Deoli部分中的“This is about our attachment (依恋)to strangers and why we treasure them even though we do not meet them ever again.(这篇故事讲述了我们对陌生人的眷恋，以及为何即便再也不会与他们相遇，我们依然珍视这份遇见)”以及作者“Ruskin Bond”可知，Ruskin Bond的《The Night Train at Deoli》讲述作者在火车上看到一个卖水果的女孩后便难以忘怀的故事，指出这是关于我们对陌生人的眷恋，以及即便再也不会与他们相遇，我们依然珍视这份遇见，所以该故事展现了人与人之间的联系。故选D。 （三） （山东省潍坊市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）Leonardo da Vinci’s world-famous painting, the Mona Lisa, inspired the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image is always looking directly at you, no matter where you stand. But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself. Horstmann and his assistants asked 24 participants to assess the stare of the Mona Lisa. Instead of simply asking each participant whether they felt the Mona Lisa was looking at them; they displayed the painting on a computer screen, and asked the participants to measure the direction of the stare on a two-meter ruler placed horizontally (水平地) between them and the screen. The distance between the participants and the computer screen remained the same, at 66 cm, but the ruler was moved both closer to and further away from the screen throughout the trial. The researchers also altered the size and visible area of the Mona Lisa to determine whether the perception of her stare was influenced by particular elements of her face. The participants were asked to respond to the painting at various degrees of zoom (焦距), between 30% and 70%, and saw crops that only included her eyes and nose, as well as others that showed her whole head. To avoid the participants settling on the same measurement on the ruler every time, the participants were showed the Mona Lisa moved 3.4 cm to the left and right. Previous research cited in the study indicates the range of the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image will appear to be looking at its viewer if its stare is within 5 degrees to the left or right. The stare of the “Mona Lisa”, however, was measured by the study participants at an average angle of 15.4 degrees to the right — in short, the Mona Lisa is definitely not looking at her audience. “There is no doubt about the existence of the Mona Lisa effect,” Horstmann concluded. “It just does not occur with Mona Lisa herself.” 7．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To present the topic of the text. B．To argue over a conclusion. C．To popularize some knowledge. D．To provide some guidance. 8．How was the research carried out? A．By conducting a questionnaire survey. B．By comparing different types of paintings. C．By evaluating the subject from different angles. D．By analyzing the main features of the painting. 9．What does the underlined word “crops” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Parts of a painting. B．Techniques of drawing. C．Movements of a picture. D．Measurements of a photo. 10．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Mona Lisa: A Masterpiece. B．Does Mona Lisa Really Look at You? C．A Phenomenon: The Mona Lisa Effect. D．What Is the Range of the Mona Lisa Effect? 【答案】7．A 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对蒙娜丽莎画像的研究，研究表明蒙娜丽莎并没有看着观众，即蒙娜丽莎效应在蒙娜丽莎本人身上并不存在。 7．推理判断题。根据第一段“Leonardo da Vinci’s world-famous painting, the Mona Lisa, inspired the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image is always looking directly at you, no matter where you stand.(达·芬奇的世界名画《蒙娜丽莎》启发了蒙娜丽莎效应：无论你站在哪里，画中的主体总是直视着你)”和第二段“But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself.(但根据德国比勒费尔德大学科学家在《i-Perception》杂志上发表的研究，有一幅画绝对没有表现出蒙娜丽莎效应：那就是蒙娜丽莎本人)”可知，第一段提出了文章的主题，即蒙娜丽莎效应在蒙娜丽莎本人身上并不存在。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据第三段“Horstmann and his assistants asked 24 participants to assess the stare of the Mona Lisa. Instead of simply asking each participant whether they felt the Mona Lisa was looking at them, they displayed the painting on a computer screen, and asked the participants to measure the direction of the stare on a two-meter ruler placed horizontally between them and the screen.(霍斯特曼和他的助手让24名参与者评估蒙娜丽莎的凝视。他们没有简单地询问每位参与者是否觉得蒙娜丽莎在看着他们，而是将这幅画显示在电脑屏幕上，并让参与者用放在他们和屏幕之间水平放置的两米长的尺子测量凝视的方向)”和第四段“The distance between the participants and the computer screen remained the same, at 66 cm, but the ruler was moved both closer to and further away from the screen throughout the trial. The researchers also altered the size and visible area of the Mona Lisa to determine whether the perception of her stare was influenced by particular elements of her face.(参与者和电脑屏幕之间的距离保持不变，为66厘米，但在整个试验过程中，尺子被移近和移远屏幕。研究人员还改变了蒙娜丽莎画像的大小和可见区域，以确定对她凝视的感知是否受到她面部特定元素的影响)”可知，研究人员是从不同角度对蒙娜丽莎的凝视进行了评估。故选C。 9．词句猜测题。根据上文“The participants were asked to respond to the painting at various degrees of zoom (焦距)(要求参与者在30%到70%的不同焦距下对画作做出反应)”可知，看到了只包括她的眼睛和鼻子的部分，以及其他显示她整个头部的部分，由此可知，“crops”指的是只包括蒙娜丽莎眼睛和鼻子的画像部分。故选A。 10．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段“But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself.(但根据德国比勒费尔德大学科学家在《i-Perception》杂志上发表的研究，有一幅画绝对没有表现出蒙娜丽莎效应：那就是蒙娜丽莎本人)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究表明蒙娜丽莎并没有看着观众，即蒙娜丽莎效应在蒙娜丽莎本人身上并不存在，选项B“蒙娜丽莎真的在看你吗”能够概括文章主旨，适合作本文标题。故选B。 （四） （江苏省盐城市八校联考2024-2025学年高一上学期期末英语试卷）I did my first marathon at 25. I’d taken up running go get fit and thought I’d give it a try. However, I started too fast, found it very painful and struggled to finish. Then, seven years ago, when I was 43, I went to talk with someone who had just done the Sahara Desert race. I felt so inspired and promised I would run it, too. A year later, I completed 24-hour ultra-marathon in the Namibian desert, I wondered what on earth I could do next. My father, a former soldier, had just died of cancer and I wanted to gather fund (资金) for a soldiers charity in his memory. There are 66 cities in the UK so I came up with a challenge — a 50 km marathon in each city, no rest days in between. On the first day, I ran for around six to seven hours, eating along the way to get more energy. On day two, I tore my right Achilles tendon (跟腱). I slowed my pace and thought about the soldiers’ charity I was doing the run for. It was nothing compared with some of their injuries. Then, on day 26, it got worse. I couldn’t bear even the light touch of an ice cube. I had to walk through the day, which took almost 11 hours. I kept telling myself I couldn’t fail. If I quit, the pain would have stopped, but I knew I would regret it for the rest of my life. On May 20 I finished, four days after my 50th birthday. It’s been a long progression from being an unfit slacker (懒散的人) to where I am now. I have a better body now than at any point in my life. Anyone can do this, I’m not a superhuman. I’m just determined, and I have the next thing planned already. 11．How was the author’s first marathon? A．He didn’t finish it. B．He didn’t do it well. C．He got hurt halfway. D．He fell in love with it. 12．What was the writer’s purpose of running marathons in the UK? A．To raise money for a charity. B．To create a new world record. C．To prepare for a marathon race. D．To push himself to reach the goal. 13．What does the author think is the most important quality he has? A．Kindness. B．Curiosity. C．Bravery. D．Determination. 14．What can be the best title for the text? A．Never Stop Running B．Running Makes Success C．Being Prepared for Running D．Running for a Better Future 【答案】11．B 12．A 13．D 14．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从首次艰难完成马拉松到挑战自我，连续在英国66个城市完成50公里跑，为慈善筹款并纪念父亲的故事。 11．细节理解题。根据首段中的“I did my first marathon at 25. I’d taken up running go get fit and thought I’d give it a try. However, I started too fast, found it very painful and struggled to finish.(我25岁时第一次跑马拉松。我开始跑步是为了健身，我想试一试。然而，我开始得太快了，发现它很痛苦，挣扎着完成)”可知，作者第一次跑马拉松时起始速度过快，痛苦并挣扎着完成。由此可知，作者的第一次马拉松做得不好。故选B项。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“My father, a former soldier, had just died of cancer and I wanted to gather fund (资金) for a soldiers charity in his memory. There are 66 cities in the UK so I came up with a challenge — a 50 km marathon in each city, no rest days in between. (我的父亲是一名退伍军人，刚刚死于癌症，我想为一个军人慈善机构筹集资金，以纪念他。英国有66个城市，所以我提出了一个挑战——在每个城市跑50公里的马拉松，中间没有休息日)”可知，作者的父亲是一位前军人，因癌症去世，作者希望为一个军人慈善机构筹集资金以纪念他。由此可知，作者在英国跑步的主要目的是为慈善事业筹集资金。故选A项。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I kept telling myself I couldn’t fail. If I quit, the pain would have stopped, but I knew I would regret it for the rest of my life.(我一直告诉自己我不能失败。如果我放弃了，痛苦就会停止，但我知道我会后悔一辈子)”以及尾段中的“I’m just determined, and I have the next thing planned already.(我只是有决心，并且已经计划好了下一个目标)”可知，作者在感到痛苦的时候不断提醒自己不能放弃，并且认为自己有决心。由此推知，作者认为决心是他最重要的品质。故选D项。 14．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“I did my first marathon at 25. I’d taken up running go get fit and thought I’d give it a try. However, I started too fast, found it very painful and struggled to finish.(我25岁时第一次跑马拉松。我开始跑步是为了健身，我想试一试。然而，我开始得太快了，发现它很痛苦，挣扎着完成)”可知，作者第一次跑马拉松做的不好，根据第二段中的“A year later, I completed 24-hour ultra-marathon in the Namibian desert, I wondered what on earth I could do next.(一年后，我在纳米比亚沙漠完成了24小时超级马拉松，我想知道接下来我到底能做什么)”和“There are 66 cities in the UK so I came up with a challenge — a 50 km marathon in each city, no rest days in between.(英国有66个城市，所以我提出了一个挑战——在每个城市跑50公里的马拉松，中间没有休息日)”可知，作者一年后完成了24小时超级马拉松，并在接下来挑战在每个城市跑50公里的马拉松，中间没有休息日，并最终取得成功，结合尾段的“Anyone can do this, I’m not a superhuman. I’m just determined, and I have the next thing planned already.(任何人都能做到，我不是超人。我只是有决心，并且已经计划好了下一个目标)”可知，作者从第一次艰难的马拉松经历，到后来挑战自我完成一系列极限跑步，展现了作者不会停止追求新的目标的决心。由此可知，“Never Stop Running(永不停止奔跑)”最能概括文本的主题思想，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。 真题再现 （一） （2018·浙江·高考真题）In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719— but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 15．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A．They were difficult to understand. B．They were popular among the rich. C．They were seen as nearly worthless. D．They were written mostly by women. 16．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________. A．his reputation in France B．his interest in modern art C．his success in publication D．his importance in literature 17．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To remember a great writer. B．To introduce an English novel. C．To encourage studies on culture. D．To promote values of the Victorian age. 【答案】15．C 16．D 17．A 【分析】本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。 15．细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字）rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors... Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.可知，印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、不正常的，或者毫无价值可言。故选C。 16．推理判断题。根据第二段Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.和列举的Charles Dickens小说的影响可知，把他和Mona Lisa相比是为了说明Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要性和Mona Lisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的，故选D。 17．写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知，本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。 （二） （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. Wheel Throwing Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece! Knitting and Pom-Pom Making Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织). 18．What do we know about ARTS FIRST? A．It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B．It offers art courses for all ages. C．It presents recreational activities. D．It is a major tourist attraction. 19．Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures? A．Light Awash in Watercolor. B．Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity. C．Wheel Throwing. D．Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. 20．What can you do together with Javier Marin? A．Practice a traditional dance. B．Make handcrafts. C．Visit a local museum. D．Feed invertebrates. 【答案】18．C 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了ARTS FIRST艺术节的相关艺术展览和艺术制作活动，并且邀请热爱的学生或社区成员加入。 18．推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making' activities.(我们期待着您的到来，我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。)”以及下文的四个小标题“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”；“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity(没有骨气的艺术家:无脊椎的创造力)”；“Wheel Throwing (投掷轮子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making (编织和制作毛绒球)”可推知，ARTS FIRST是提供娱乐活动的。故选C项。 19．细节理解题。根据文章“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880 — 1990: Into the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的“1880 — 1990年美国水彩画：进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)”可知，如果对画画感兴趣，可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。故选A项。 20．细节理解题。根据文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (无脊椎艺术家：无脊椎动物的创造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of History to learn how insects and other Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)”可知，参与者能跟Javier Marin一起进行手工制作。故选B项。 （三） （2023·天津·高考真题）I love making art and looking at artworks. I’ve found myself wondering how we gain pleasure from art. And now neuroaesthetics, a combination of neuroscience (神经科学) and aesthetics (美学), may provide an answer. Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful. Similar research has been done to understand the “neuronal fireworks” that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc. But why do we find some art beautiful and other art ugly? According to research, it all comes down to the “aesthetic triad (三元组合)”. The first part of the triad is sensory-motor. This involves perceiving things like colours, shapes and movements. Movement in art has an interesting role. If you see a painting of a movement, like of a man pulling his arm away after being bitten by a dog, you feel like going through a similar experience. The part of your brain that controls your own movements lights up in response. Second is emotion-valuation. This is how a piece of art makes you feel, and whether or not you appreciate or enjoy that feeling. The part of the brain related to pleasure is activated in response to something we find beautiful. This system can be affected in fascinating ways, as found by research using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) (经颅磁刺激). If TMS is applied to a specific part of your brain behind your forehead that is particularly important for decision-making, you suddenly like different kinds of art. Such stimulation produces significant changes in aesthetic appreciation of faces, bodies and artworks. The third part is meaning-knowledge. This is to do with how we can connect with a piece of art and what meaning we can create in it. Art is deeply personal, because when two people see the same artwork, our perception can create vastly different experiences of meaning. If we find meaning, then we often find pleasure. We also get enjoyment from the knowledge of how something was made. For the images that an artist creates, viewers will probably get far more enjoyment once they know the process used to create them. Informed by neuroaesthetics, the next time I create my art I will value the process even more, enjoying the activation of the aesthetic triad in my brain as I admire the vivid images that I have created. 21．What does “neuronal fireworks” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A beautiful painting or sculpture. B．The lighting-up of specific brain areas. C．An advanced brain imaging technology. D．The aesthetic assessment of modern art. 22．What effect does movement in art produce on the viewers? A．Certain part of their brain is activated. B．Their experience of pain is reduced. C．Their aesthetic sense is sharpened. D．Their body reactions are delayed. 23．The application of TMS to the brain described in Paragraph 5 leads to__________. A．raised memory capacity B．enhanced painting skills C．changed artistic taste D．improved decision-making ability 24．According to the author, what increases our enjoyment of a piece of art? A．Knowing how it is created. B．Having a pleasant personality. C．Learning how science develops. D．Understanding the meaning of life. 25．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To propose an abstract theory of art making. B．To reveal the beauty of science in an artistic way. C．To share some personal understanding of artworks. D．To introduce a new research field for art appreciation. 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 24．A 25．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神经美学这一学科领域，以及它如何解释我们为何会从艺术中获得愉悦感。 21．词义猜测题。划线短语上文“Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful.(神经美学是一个相对年轻的研究领域，研究的是当我们进行审美评估时大脑会发生什么。研究人员使用脑成像技术来观察当我们看到我们认为美丽的画作时，大脑的哪些区域会发光。)”提出当进行审美评估，看到时美丽的画作时，我们大脑的一些区域会“发光”。划线词所在句“Similar research has been done to understand the “neuronal fireworks ” that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc.(类似的研究已经完成，以了解当我们看到鼓舞人心的雕塑，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等时发生的“神经元烟花”。)”提出类似研究发现，人们在看到鼓舞人心的雕塑，迷人的面孔，令人印象深刻的舞蹈等时会产生“neuronal fireworks(神经元烟花)”。文中将两种情况进行了类比，由此推知，“neuronal fireworks(神经元烟花)”与上文中的“大脑的一些区域会‘发光’”是同一个意思，即指上文中的“The lighting-up of specific brain areas.”。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Movement in art has an interesting role. If you see a painting of a movement, like of a man pulling his arm away after being bitten by a dog, you feel like going through a similar experience. The part of your brain that controls your own movements lights up in response.(运动在艺术中起着有趣的作用。如果你看到一幅描绘一个动作的画，比如一个人被狗咬了后把胳膊抽走，你会觉得自己也有类似的经历。你大脑中控制你自己动作的部分会相应地亮起来。)”可知，当人们看到艺术中的运动时，人们会觉得自己也有类似的经历，大脑中控制自己动作的部分会相应地亮起来，也就是该部分被激活了。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“This system can be affected in fascinating ways, as found by research using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)(经颅磁刺激). If TMS is applied to a specific part of your brain behind your forehead that is particularly important for decision-making, you suddenly like different kinds of art. Such stimulation produces significant changes in aesthetic appreciation of faces, bodies and artworks.(通过使用经颅磁刺激(TMS)的研究发现，该系统可以以令人着迷的方式受到影响。如果颅磁刺激应用于前额后大脑中对决策特别重要的特定部位，你就会突然喜欢上不同种类的艺术。这种刺激使人们对面孔、身体和艺术品的审美发生了重大变化。)”可推知，颅磁刺激会使人们的审美发生变化。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“We also get enjoyment from the knowledge of how something was made. For the images that an artist creates, viewers will probably get far more enjoyment once they know the process used to create them.(我们也从了解事物的制作过程中获得乐趣。对于艺术家创作的图像，一旦观众了解了创作过程，他们可能会获得更多的乐趣。)”可知，如果我们知道了创作过程，我们就会更加欣赏这件艺术品。故选A。 25．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章介绍了神经美学这一学科领域，以及它如何解释我们为何会从艺术中获得愉悦感，因此作者的目的是介绍一个新的研究领域，即神经美学，以帮助人们更好地欣赏艺术。故选D。 （四） （2008·福建·高考真题）After the Summer Olympics are over, when all the athletics have gone home and the television audience has switched off, another group of athletics and fans will arrive at the host city, and another competition will begin. These are the Paralympics, the games for athletes with a disability. But in Beijing in 2008, for the first time, one of the greatest Paralympics will not be taking part． She is a British athlete by the name of Tanni Grey-Thormpson. Born with spina bifida (脊椎裂)which left her paralyzed from the waist down. Tanni used a wheelchair from the age of 7. At first, she was not keen on sport, apart from horse-riding, which gave her a sense of freedom. But in her teens, she started taking sports more seriously. She tried swimming, basketball and tennis. Eventually she found athletics, and never looked back. Indeed, Tanni’s athletic career took off. In 1984, when she was 15, she pulled off a surprise victory in the 100metres at the Junior National Wheelchair Games. In 1988, Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres.  Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process. In the same year she achieved the first of her six London Wheelchair Marathon victories. Tanni’s enduring success had been part motivation(动机), part preparation, “The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter(短跑运动员)enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to race. I am still competing at a very high lever, but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.” Indeed Tanni retired finally after the Visa Paralympic World Cup in 2007. Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. In spite of ups and downs, she never take her fate lying down. In her splendid life, she has won an amazing eleven gold medals, four silvers and one bronze in series of Paralympics--- a top lever athletic career covering two decades. She has won the London Wheelchair Marathon six times, more than any other competitor, and she has set over thirty world records. What advice does she have for young athletes? “Work hard at your studies, and then train, train and train again.” 26．Which of the following sports did Tanni like before thirteen? A．Basketball. B．Swimming． C．Tennis． D．Horse-riding． 27．When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal? A．In 1984． B．In 1988． C．In 1992． D．In 2007． 28．The underlined word “that” in the 5th paragraph refers to _______． A．fifty weeks’ training B．being a good sprinter C．training almost every day D．part motivation and part preparation 29．What’s the right order of the events related to Tanni? a．She works as a coach． b．She took up athletics． c．She won four gold medals in Barcelona． d．She competed in her first Paralympic Games． e．She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon． A．b,d,c,e,a B．a,d,b,c,e C．a,d,c,e,b D．b,d,a,e,c 30．What can we learn from Tanni’s success? A．Union is strength． B．Never too late to learn． C．Well begun is half done． D．No pains, no gains． 【答案】26．D 27．C 28．C 29．A 30．D 【导语】本文是记叙文。介绍了著名的残疾人运动员Tanni Grey-Thormpson以及她在残疾人奥运会上所取得的辉煌成绩。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段“At first, she did not like sports, apart from horse-riding, which gave her a sense of freedom.( 起初，她不喜欢运动，除了骑马，骑马给她一种自由的感觉。)”说明在13岁之前，她喜欢骑马，故选D项。 27．细节理解题。根据第四段“Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process.(甚至在1992年巴塞罗那残奥会取得了更大的成功。坦尼在100米、200米、400米和800米的接力赛中分别获得了金牌，并在此过程中创造了两项世界纪录)”说明在1992年的巴塞罗那残疾人奥运会上她第一次获得了金牌，故选C项。 28．词句猜测题。根据划线句“I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to race.(我一年训练50周，那让我为我想跑的距离做好准备。)”说明这里的that就是指每天的训练，能让她为一切做好准备，故选C项。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Indeed, Tanni's athletic career took off.(事实上, Tanni的运动生涯开始了)”，第四段“In 1988, Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul. (1988年，坦尼去首尔参加了她的第一届残奥会。)”和“Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process.(甚至在1992年巴塞罗那残奥会取得了更大的成功。坦尼在100米、200米、400米和800米的接力赛中分别获得了金牌，并在此过程中创造了两项世界纪录)”，第五段“Indeed Tanni retired finally after the Visa Paralympic World Cup in 2007. Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. (事实上，坦尼在2007年世界杯残奥会后终于退役了。她的愿望是为2008年北京奥运会训练年轻运动员。)”可知正确的顺序是b,d,c,e,a。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知在残疾人奥运会上Tanni取得了很大的成功的原因是在第五段的“I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to race.( 我一年训练50周，那让我为我想跑的距离做好准备。)”，说明她天天进行训练，刻苦努力，因此推断我们能从Tanni的成功中学到：没有付出，就没有收获。A. Union is strength.团结就是力量； B.Never too late to learn.学习永远不嫌晚； C.Well begun is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半；D. No pains,no gains.没有付出就没有收获。故选D项。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 04高中英语阅读理解能力提升人与社会之文学、艺术与体育类 目录 最新考情分析 解题技巧 典例解读 高考再现 最新考情分析 选材特点 文学类： 经典与现代并重：既会选取经典文学作品的节选，如莎士比亚的戏剧、狄更斯的小说等，让学生感受经典文学的魅力和语言风格；也会选用现当代的文学作品，包括一些热门小说、散文等，内容可能涉及青春成长、情感体验、社会现象等，贴近学生的生活实际和时代背景。 文化多元性：涵盖不同国家和民族的文学作品，体现多元文化的交流与融合，例如会出现非洲、亚洲等地区的文学作品，拓宽学生的文化视野。 艺术类： 艺术形式广泛：涉及绘画、雕塑、音乐、舞蹈、戏剧、电影等多种艺术形式，如介绍某位著名画家的生平与作品、某种音乐流派的特点、一部经典电影的赏析等，让学生了解不同艺术形式的创作、发展和影响。 与生活联系紧密：选材注重与日常生活中的艺术现象相结合，如城市中的公共艺术、流行音乐的发展趋势、社交媒体对艺术传播的影响等，使学生认识到艺术与生活息息相关。 体育类： 热门体育项目居多：常以足球、篮球、网球、游泳等大众熟知的热门体育项目为背景，如讲述体育赛事的精彩瞬间、运动员的奋斗历程、体育精神的体现等，容易引起学生的阅读兴趣。 体育与健康、社会的融合：强调体育对身体健康的重要性，以及体育在社会发展中的作用，如体育产业的兴起、体育与教育的结合、体育对社区凝聚力的促进等。 命题特点 文学类： 主旨与细节理解并重：既会考查对文学作品主旨大意的把握，如文章的主题、作者的写作意图等；也会涉及对细节内容的理解，如人物的性格特点、情节的发展脉络、环境描写的作用等812。 深度理解与鉴赏：要求学生对文学作品进行深度理解和鉴赏，如分析作品的语言特色、写作手法、象征意义、主题的升华等，考查学生的文学素养和审美能力。 艺术类： 艺术知识与语言能力结合：在考查学生对文章内容理解的同时，也会涉及一些艺术专业知识的考查，如艺术流派的特点、艺术术语的含义等，需要学生具备一定的艺术素养和相关词汇量。 观点与态度分析：注重考查学生对文章中所表达的艺术观点和作者态度的分析能力，如作者对某一艺术作品或艺术现象的评价、观点的依据等，培养学生的批判性思维。 体育类： 事实与推理判断：既会考查学生对体育类文章中具体事实的理解，如体育赛事的结果、运动员的成绩等；也会通过推理判断题型，考查学生对文章中隐含信息的推断能力，如运动员的心理状态、比赛的后续影响等。 体育精神的理解：突出对体育精神的考查，如团队合作、拼搏奋斗、尊重对手等，要求学生从文章中提炼出体育精神的内涵，并结合实际生活进行理解和应用。 干扰项特点 文学类： 曲解文意：对文章中的人物形象、情节发展、作者观点等进行错误解读，干扰学生对文章的正确理解。 张冠李戴：将文中不同人物的行为、特点或不同情节的内容混淆，误导学生选择错误答案。 艺术类： 艺术概念混淆：故意混淆不同艺术流派、艺术形式或艺术术语的概念，使学生在理解上产生偏差。 主观臆断：在选项中加入个人的主观观点和评价，而这些观点并非文章所表达的内容，干扰学生的判断。 体育类： 无关信息干扰：选项中出现与文章内容无关的体育知识或其他信息，分散学生的注意力。 数据错误：在涉及体育比赛成绩、运动员数据等内容时，故意设置错误的数据，误导学生进行计算或判断。 解题技巧 词汇理解 文学、艺术与体育类文章可能会出现一些特定领域的词汇。遇到生词时，先不要着急查字典。可以通过上下文语境来猜测词义。例如，在一篇关于芭蕾舞的文章中出现 “plié” 这个词，后面句子可能会描述舞者腿部的弯曲动作，从而推测它与舞蹈动作有关。 注意一些具有感情色彩的词汇，它们可以帮助你理解作者的态度。比如在一篇艺术评论中，“magnificent”“exquisite” 等词表示赞美，而 “mediocre”“clumsy” 可能是在表达负面评价。 句子理解 这类文章中可能会有复杂的长句，尤其是在文学作品或艺术评论中。学会分析句子结构，找出句子的主干部分。例如，“The novel, which is set in a post - apocalyptic world where resources are scarce and survival is a daily struggle, tells a heart - wrenching story of a young girl's journey to find her lost family.” 这个句子的主干是 “The novel tells a story”，通过分析可以更好地理解文章内容。 对于引用的句子，要结合上下文来理解其在文中的作用。比如在一篇体育明星传记中引用了运动员的一句话 “‘I never give up, no matter how tough the situation is.’”，这很可能是体现该运动员坚韧不拔的精神。 段落理解 把握段落的中心思想。通常段落的首句或尾句会概括段落主旨。在阅读文学作品节选时，注意情节的发展、人物关系的变化；对于艺术评论，关注作者对不同艺术作品或艺术家的评价观点变化；体育类文章则要留意赛事的过程、运动员的表现变化等。 注意段落之间的过渡词，如 “however”“moreover”“in addition”“therefore” 等，它们可以帮助你理解文章的逻辑结构。例如，“However, not all critics agreed with the artist's new style.” 表明了观点的转折，引出了不同的评价。 主旨大意题 归纳文章的主题。对于文学类，可以是小说的中心思想、人物形象特点；艺术类可能是对某个艺术现象或艺术家的总体评价；体育类则是体育事件的主要内容或体育精神体现。避免选择过于片面的选项，要涵盖文章的主要方面。 标题选择题也是主旨题的一种形式。选择的标题要能够准确概括文章内容并且具有吸引力。例如，对于一篇讲述一位画家突破传统绘画风格的文章，“The Revolutionary Art of [Painter's Name]” 比 “[Painter's Name]'s Paintings” 更能体现文章主旨。 细节理解题 仔细对照文章内容和选项。注意选项中的信息是否与原文一致，可能会出现细节的偷换概念、张冠李戴等错误。比如原文说某运动员在比赛的第一节进了球，选项说成是第二节进球，这就是错误选项。 对于数字、日期、人名、地名等细节要特别关注，这些很容易成为出题点。 推理判断题 基于文章的内容进行合理推理。不能脱离原文进行主观臆断。例如，在一篇文学作品中描述主人公总是独来独往，很少与人交流，我们可以推理出主人公可能是个性格内向的人，但不能过度推断说主人公有心理疾病。 注意作者的观点和态度，推断作者对所描述的文学作品、艺术现象或体育事件的立场。如果作者使用了很多褒义词来描述一位艺术家的作品，那么可以推断作者是欣赏该艺术家的。 词义猜测题 再次回顾猜测词义的上下文语境，确保答案的合理性。如果题目要求解释某个词在文中的意思，所选答案要符合该词在句子和段落中的逻辑关系。同时，可以将选项代入原文中，看是否通顺。 典例解读 （一） （21-22高三·山东济南·开学考试）On today’s blog post, I’ll be talking about my favorite magazines. I love reading books & magazines, and I’m learning so many useful tips about healthy living, daily life, etc. Women’s Health Women’s Health has a unique content. You can find various interesting information about healthy living or exercises you can do at home. I also love their writers because they explain every topic so simple that you can even understand biological articles. Healthy Food Guide I totally recommend it to everyone because it has lots of useful information about being healthy during your daily life. In this magazine, you can find articles about foods you often eat but don’t have much idea what it contains or if they’re healthy. If you are searching for new diets, this magazine gives you all the information. Time Out Time Out is a well-known magazine and it’s free in my city. Every time I see a Time Out magazine, I get it because it has lots of useful tips. I got Time Out London when I was in London, and I discovered new restaurants, galleries, museums, and events. This magazine has various information about the city life. For example, it gives you the events that are happening near you. It gives you tips for the railway stations and other transportation choices. La Cucina Italiana If you love cooking Italian food, this magazine is for you! It has lots of recipes and also restaurant reviews. You can also find popular restaurants near you in this magazine. I’ve also read articles by famous chefs from my city. 1．What can we find in Healthy Food Guide? A．Ways to keep fit. B．Tips on cooking. C．Different eating habits. D．Information of new restaurants. 2．What can we read to find comments on restaurants? A．Time Out. B．Women’s Health. C．Healthy Food Guide. D．La Cucina Italiana. 3．What can we learn about the author? A．He lives in London. B．He loves and enjoys life. C．He often goes travelling. D．He likes collecting recipes. （二） （24-25高一上·山西太原·阶段练习）Short stories are amazing. You can get something useful out of them. The Bogey-Beast Flora Annie Steel A woman who is very, very cheerful finds a pot of gold on the road. Pleased with her luck, she decides to keep it. As she is taking it home, it keeps changing and ends up becoming a Bogey-Beast. However, her enthusiasm (热情) doesn’t fade away. Her positive personality makes every terrible situation seem like a gift. There Will Come Soft Rains Ray Bradbury Earth has been destroyed by nuclear (核武器的) war. However, machines continue to function and serve humans who died long ago. The title is taken from a poem describing how nature will continue its work long after humanity is gone. But in this story, we see that nature plays a supporting role and that machines have taken its place. The Tale of Johnny Town-Mouse Beatrix Potter Timmy is a country mouse accidentally taken to a city. He finds himself at a party and makes a friend. When he can’t bear the city life, he returns to his home. When his friend visits him, something similar happens. Village and city life are different and we need to decide their costs and benefits. The Night Train at Deoli Ruskin Bond While taking the train, Ruskin Bond always has to pass through a small station called Deoli. One day he sees a girl selling fruit and he is unable to forget her. This is about our attachment (依恋) to strangers and why we treasure them even though we do not meet them ever again. 4．What does There Will Come Soft Rains want to tell us? A．Nature works in its own way. B．Humans shouldn’t break the laws of nature. C．Technology will disappear eventually without humanity. D．Technology should be developed to serve our life. 5．What happened to Timmy’s friend? A．He settled down in the village. B．He made many friends in the village. C．He couldn’t get used to the village life. D．He couldn’t bear the life in the city anymore 6．Whose story tries to show the connections between people? A．Flora Annie Steel’s. B．Ray Bradbury’s. C．Beatrix Potter’s. D．Ruskin Bond’s. （三） （山东省潍坊市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题）Leonardo da Vinci’s world-famous painting, the Mona Lisa, inspired the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image is always looking directly at you, no matter where you stand. But according to research by scientists from Germany’s Bielefeld University, published in the journal i-Perception, there’s one painting that definitively doesn’t demonstrate the Mona Lisa effect: the Mona Lisa herself. Horstmann and his assistants asked 24 participants to assess the stare of the Mona Lisa. Instead of simply asking each participant whether they felt the Mona Lisa was looking at them; they displayed the painting on a computer screen, and asked the participants to measure the direction of the stare on a two-meter ruler placed horizontally (水平地) between them and the screen. The distance between the participants and the computer screen remained the same, at 66 cm, but the ruler was moved both closer to and further away from the screen throughout the trial. The researchers also altered the size and visible area of the Mona Lisa to determine whether the perception of her stare was influenced by particular elements of her face. The participants were asked to respond to the painting at various degrees of zoom (焦距), between 30% and 70%, and saw crops that only included her eyes and nose, as well as others that showed her whole head. To avoid the participants settling on the same measurement on the ruler every time, the participants were showed the Mona Lisa moved 3.4 cm to the left and right. Previous research cited in the study indicates the range of the Mona Lisa effect: the subject of an image will appear to be looking at its viewer if its stare is within 5 degrees to the left or right. The stare of the “Mona Lisa”, however, was measured by the study participants at an average angle of 15.4 degrees to the right — in short, the Mona Lisa is definitely not looking at her audience. “There is no doubt about the existence of the Mona Lisa effect,” Horstmann concluded. “It just does not occur with Mona Lisa herself.” 7．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1? A．To present the topic of the text. B．To argue over a conclusion. C．To popularize some knowledge. D．To provide some guidance. 8．How was the research carried out? A．By conducting a questionnaire survey. B．By comparing different types of paintings. C．By evaluating the subject from different angles. D．By analyzing the main features of the painting. 9．What does the underlined word “crops” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Parts of a painting. B．Techniques of drawing. C．Movements of a picture. D．Measurements of a photo. 10．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Mona Lisa: A Masterpiece. B．Does Mona Lisa Really Look at You? C．A Phenomenon: The Mona Lisa Effect. D．What Is the Range of the Mona Lisa Effect? （四） （江苏省盐城市八校联考2024-2025学年高一上学期期末英语试卷）I did my first marathon at 25. I’d taken up running go get fit and thought I’d give it a try. However, I started too fast, found it very painful and struggled to finish. Then, seven years ago, when I was 43, I went to talk with someone who had just done the Sahara Desert race. I felt so inspired and promised I would run it, too. A year later, I completed 24-hour ultra-marathon in the Namibian desert, I wondered what on earth I could do next. My father, a former soldier, had just died of cancer and I wanted to gather fund (资金) for a soldiers charity in his memory. There are 66 cities in the UK so I came up with a challenge — a 50 km marathon in each city, no rest days in between. On the first day, I ran for around six to seven hours, eating along the way to get more energy. On day two, I tore my right Achilles tendon (跟腱). I slowed my pace and thought about the soldiers’ charity I was doing the run for. It was nothing compared with some of their injuries. Then, on day 26, it got worse. I couldn’t bear even the light touch of an ice cube. I had to walk through the day, which took almost 11 hours. I kept telling myself I couldn’t fail. If I quit, the pain would have stopped, but I knew I would regret it for the rest of my life. On May 20 I finished, four days after my 50th birthday. It’s been a long progression from being an unfit slacker (懒散的人) to where I am now. I have a better body now than at any point in my life. Anyone can do this, I’m not a superhuman. I’m just determined, and I have the next thing planned already. 11．How was the author’s first marathon? A．He didn’t finish it. B．He didn’t do it well. C．He got hurt halfway. D．He fell in love with it. 12．What was the writer’s purpose of running marathons in the UK? A．To raise money for a charity. B．To create a new world record. C．To prepare for a marathon race. D．To push himself to reach the goal. 13．What does the author think is the most important quality he has? A．Kindness. B．Curiosity. C．Bravery. D．Determination. 14．What can be the best title for the text? A．Never Stop Running B．Running Makes Success C．Being Prepared for Running D．Running for a Better Future 真题再现 （一） （2018·浙江·高考真题）In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719— but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 15．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century? A．They were difficult to understand. B．They were popular among the rich. C．They were seen as nearly worthless. D．They were written mostly by women. 16．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________. A．his reputation in France B．his interest in modern art C．his success in publication D．his importance in literature 17．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To remember a great writer. B．To introduce an English novel. C．To encourage studies on culture. D．To promote values of the Victorian age. （二） （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. Wheel Throwing Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece! Knitting and Pom-Pom Making Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织). 18．What do we know about ARTS FIRST? A．It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B．It offers art courses for all ages. C．It presents recreational activities. D．It is a major tourist attraction. 19．Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures? A．Light Awash in Watercolor. B．Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity. C．Wheel Throwing. D．Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. 20．What can you do together with Javier Marin? A．Practice a traditional dance. B．Make handcrafts. C．Visit a local museum. D．Feed invertebrates. （三） （2023·天津·高考真题）I love making art and looking at artworks. I’ve found myself wondering how we gain pleasure from art. And now neuroaesthetics, a combination of neuroscience (神经科学) and aesthetics (美学), may provide an answer. Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful. Similar research has been done to understand the “neuronal fireworks” that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc. But why do we find some art beautiful and other art ugly? According to research, it all comes down to the “aesthetic triad (三元组合)”. The first part of the triad is sensory-motor. This involves perceiving things like colours, shapes and movements. Movement in art has an interesting role. If you see a painting of a movement, like of a man pulling his arm away after being bitten by a dog, you feel like going through a similar experience. The part of your brain that controls your own movements lights up in response. Second is emotion-valuation. This is how a piece of art makes you feel, and whether or not you appreciate or enjoy that feeling. The part of the brain related to pleasure is activated in response to something we find beautiful. This system can be affected in fascinating ways, as found by research using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) (经颅磁刺激). If TMS is applied to a specific part of your brain behind your forehead that is particularly important for decision-making, you suddenly like different kinds of art. Such stimulation produces significant changes in aesthetic appreciation of faces, bodies and artworks. The third part is meaning-knowledge. This is to do with how we can connect with a piece of art and what meaning we can create in it. Art is deeply personal, because when two people see the same artwork, our perception can create vastly different experiences of meaning. If we find meaning, then we often find pleasure. We also get enjoyment from the knowledge of how something was made. For the images that an artist creates, viewers will probably get far more enjoyment once they know the process used to create them. Informed by neuroaesthetics, the next time I create my art I will value the process even more, enjoying the activation of the aesthetic triad in my brain as I admire the vivid images that I have created. 21．What does “neuronal fireworks” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A beautiful painting or sculpture. B．The lighting-up of specific brain areas. C．An advanced brain imaging technology. D．The aesthetic assessment of modern art. 22．What effect does movement in art produce on the viewers? A．Certain part of their brain is activated. B．Their experience of pain is reduced. C．Their aesthetic sense is sharpened. D．Their body reactions are delayed. 23．The application of TMS to the brain described in Paragraph 5 leads to__________. A．raised memory capacity B．enhanced painting skills C．changed artistic taste D．improved decision-making ability 24．According to the author, what increases our enjoyment of a piece of art? A．Knowing how it is created. B．Having a pleasant personality. C．Learning how science develops. D．Understanding the meaning of life. 25．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To propose an abstract theory of art making. B．To reveal the beauty of science in an artistic way. C．To share some personal understanding of artworks. D．To introduce a new research field for art appreciation. （四） （2008·福建·高考真题）After the Summer Olympics are over, when all the athletics have gone home and the television audience has switched off, another group of athletics and fans will arrive at the host city, and another competition will begin. These are the Paralympics, the games for athletes with a disability. But in Beijing in 2008, for the first time, one of the greatest Paralympics will not be taking part． She is a British athlete by the name of Tanni Grey-Thormpson. Born with spina bifida (脊椎裂)which left her paralyzed from the waist down. Tanni used a wheelchair from the age of 7. At first, she was not keen on sport, apart from horse-riding, which gave her a sense of freedom. But in her teens, she started taking sports more seriously. She tried swimming, basketball and tennis. Eventually she found athletics, and never looked back. Indeed, Tanni’s athletic career took off. In 1984, when she was 15, she pulled off a surprise victory in the 100metres at the Junior National Wheelchair Games. In 1988, Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres.  Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process. In the same year she achieved the first of her six London Wheelchair Marathon victories. Tanni’s enduring success had been part motivation(动机), part preparation, “The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter(短跑运动员)enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to race. I am still competing at a very high lever, but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.” Indeed Tanni retired finally after the Visa Paralympic World Cup in 2007. Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. In spite of ups and downs, she never take her fate lying down. In her splendid life, she has won an amazing eleven gold medals, four silvers and one bronze in series of Paralympics--- a top lever athletic career covering two decades. She has won the London Wheelchair Marathon six times, more than any other competitor, and she has set over thirty world records. What advice does she have for young athletes? “Work hard at your studies, and then train, train and train again.” 26．Which of the following sports did Tanni like before thirteen? A．Basketball. B．Swimming． C．Tennis． D．Horse-riding． 27．When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal? A．In 1984． B．In 1988． C．In 1992． D．In 2007． 28．The underlined word “that” in the 5th paragraph refers to _______． A．fifty weeks’ training B．being a good sprinter C．training almost every day D．part motivation and part preparation 29．What’s the right order of the events related to Tanni? a．She works as a coach． b．She took up athletics． c．She won four gold medals in Barcelona． d．She competed in her first Paralympic Games． e．She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon． A．b,d,c,e,a B．a,d,b,c,e C．a,d,c,e,b D．b,d,a,e,c 30．What can we learn from Tanni’s success? A．Union is strength． B．Never too late to learn． C．Well begun is half done． D．No pains, no gains． 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$