焦点 06 阅读理解之说明文-备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训（江苏南通）

焦点06 阅读理解之说明文 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【基础题】 A No matter what you want to achieve in life, self-awareness (自我意识) is always important to success. Self-awareness can help you understand yourself better and allows you to understand why you feel and act in a certain way. However, how can you raise your level of self-awareness and achieve better results in life? Here are some ways. If you want to develop your self-awareness, the first thing you need to do is to set a goal. Having a goal and working on it allow you to know more about yourself. You will find your advantages and weaknesses as you take action and work towards your goals. ________. This can help you improve your mood(心情) when you are facing stress or sadness. Write down your thoughts and feelings to understand them more clearly. It allows you to step out of your life and look at it from a third-person view (视野). It also helps you look at a bigger picture of what is going on and how you can deal with it. Take self-assessment (自我评价)  tests. How do you find out what you want to be, do, and have in your life? How can you tell if your job or life is the one you are looking for? Taking a self-assessment test can help you find out some of the answers. 1．What should we do first when developing self-awareness? A．Find an interest. B．Take notes. C．Set a goal. D．Take a self-assessment test. 2．Which of the following sentences should be filled in ________ ? A．Join a club B．Keep a diary C．Read more books D．Watch educational videos 3．Taking self-assessment tests may help you find out the answers to the following questions except “________”. A．What do I want to do in my life? B．What do I want to have in my life? C．What kind of job should I choose? D．Is the life the one I am looking for? 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Some Ways to Develop Self-awareness B．The Importance of Self-awareness C．Some Influences of Self-awareness D．The Explanation for Self-awareness 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】方法/策略、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了培养自我意识的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“If you want to develop your self-awareness, the first thing you need to do is to set a goal.”可知，第一步设定目标。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Write down your thoughts and feelings to understand them more clearly.”可知，写下你的想法和感受，以便更清楚地理解它们。所以这里应该是记日记。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“How do you find out what you want to be, do, and have in your life? How can you tell if your job or life is the one you are looking for?”可知，你如何知道你想成为什么样的人，做什么，在你的生活中拥有什么？你如何判断你的工作或生活是否是你正在寻找的？这里不包括你应该选择什么种类的工作。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据“However, how can you raise your level of self-awareness and achieve better results in life? Here are some ways”可知，本文主要是介绍方法去提高自我意识。故选A。 B Some things usually have different meanings in different cultures. Here are some words about animals that are used differently in western cultures and Chinese cultures. Most phrases in Chinese about the dog, such as “a homeless dog”, “a mad dog”, “a running dog” and “a dog catching a mouse”, have negative (消极的) meanings. But in western countries, dogs are considered honest and good friends of humans. The word, “dog”, has positive meanings. For example, “you are a lucky dog” means you are a lucky person. And “every dog has its day” means each person has good luck at times. As we know, dragons are very important in Chinese culture. In ancient times, dragons were seen as strong and magical animals. They brought hope and good luck. The ancient emperors compared themselves to dragons. Nowadays, many parents want their children to become “dragons”. But in western cultures, dragons were dangerous animals. Heroes killed them to protect people. ▲ The rose is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries. People in China and the West think the rose also stands for peace, courage and friendship. When we pay attention to the cultural meanings of words, we will understand them better. 1．Which situation shows the similar meaning with “every dog has its day”? A．You lost your favorite movie poster. B．You fell and hurt yourself while riding a bike. C．You coughed for days after eating an ice-cream. D．You finally got a job after having failed many times. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A．Dragons. B．Children. C．Emperors. D．Animals. 3．Which of the following can be put in the ▲ ? A．Roses have different meanings too. B．Heroes are looked up by most people. C．Western cultures and Chinese cultures are really different. D．Some things have similar meanings in Chinese culture and western cultures. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Dogs and Dragons B．China and Western Countries C．Positive and Negative Meanings D．Different Cultures, Different Meanings 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】文化差异、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些事物在东西方文化中意义的差别，当然也有一些词的意义相似。 1．推理判断题。根据“And ‘every dog has its day’ means each person has good luck at times.”可知其意是指每个人有时都会有好运，所以选项D“你在失败了许多次之后终于得到了一份工作”符合情境，故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“In ancient times, dragons were seen as strong and magical animals.”可知在古代，龙被视为强壮和有魔力的动物，所以猜测其应是代指龙能带来希望和好运，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Some things usually have different meanings in different cultures”和“The rose is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries. People in China and the West think the rose also stands for peace, courage and friendship.”可推断此处应是提出有一些东西在不同文化中有相似的意义，故选D。 4．最佳标题题。根据文章可知全文介绍了一些事物在中西方文化中有不同的意义，故选D。 C Food allergies (过敏) can be very dangerous for people. Their bodies may itch (发痒). They may want to throw up and can even die from allergies. What’s worse, food allergies are becoming more common these days.     Kari Nadeau, an allergy expert at Stanford University in the US, did a study of food allergies around the world. She found that while 3 percent of people had them in 1960, the number rose to 7 percent in 2018. Nadeau said one reason for this might be that we have fewer interactions (相互作用) with microbiota (微生物群). Microbiota can “train” our bodies and stop us from getting allergies. Our bodies have fewer chances to get close to microbiota these days. We live in cleaner homes. We stay indoors for longer hours. Doctors are using more antibiotics (抗生素) on us as children —antibiotics kill microbiota. Scientists say it’s a good idea for babies to eat many different kinds of foods so that they can build up tolerance (耐受) in their early years. Having a pet cat or dog can also stop the development of allergies. 1．What may happen when people have food allergies, according to the passage? A．They may lose weight. B．They may get hungry easily. C．They may want to throw up. D．They may feel thirsty all the time. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Microbiota can cause allergies. B．The more microbiota, the better. C．We should keep away from microbiota. D．We can go outdoors to get close to microbiota. 3．In which part of a magazine could you find this article? A．Food B．Health C．Music D．Culture 4．What’s the best title of this article? A．A study of food allergies. B．Microbiota. C．What cause allergies? D．How to prevent allergies? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】说明文、科普知识、健康饮食 【导语】本文主要介绍一项食物过敏的研究，研究表明过敏现在变得越来越普遍，文章也介绍引起这一现象的原因和应对措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They may want to throw up and can even die from allergies.”可知，当人们对食物过敏时，他们可能想呕吐。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Our bodies have fewer chances to get close to microbiota these days…We stay indoors for longer hours.”可知，在室内呆的时间更长，这导致我们的身体接近微生物群的机会越来越少，可推知我们可以到户外去接近微生物群。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍一项研究表明过敏现在变得越来越普遍，文章也介绍了引起这一现象的原因和应对措施，属于健康范畴。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍一项食物过敏的研究，研究表明过敏现在变得越来越普遍，以及引起这一现象的原因和应对措施，所以A项符合。故选A。 【提升题】 A During the recent National Day holiday, the Ailao Mountain scenic area (风景区) in Xinping County, Yunnan Province reportedly welcomed over 50,000 tourists. This was a 15 percent increase compared to the same time last year. For a time, hot topics such as “Traffic jam in the Ailao Mountains” caught public attention online. A local hotel owner said that his 20 rooms were fully booked within hours. “Usually, our rooms cost about 90 yuan a night, but during the holiday, it went up to 240 yuan. Even so, there were still many more people wanting rooms,” he said. The Ailao Mountains cover several counties. Some parts of the mountains, like the scenic area in Xinping, offer better and safer facilities (设施). But other areas, especially those that are undeveloped, are very dangerous. These areas often face bad weather conditions, which can cause tourists to experience altitude sickness (高原反应) and low body temperature. In addition, the area can cause compasses to fail, greatly increasing the risk of tourists getting lost. Back in 2021, it was reported four researchers got lost in the mountains and were later found dead. The big increase in tourists has raised safety worries among local governments and people. Governments gave safety warnings telling tourists to stay away from undeveloped areas. Anyone who goes into these areas without permission will be fined (罚款) from 100 to 5,000 yuan. Experts say the mountains’ complex (复杂的) situation can lead to many dangerous results. Local villagers have also warned tourists off wild animals such as bears and snakes and advised them to cheek the local terrain (地形) before starting off to avoid getting lost. 1．How many tourists visited the scenic area during the last National Day holiday? A．Less than 40,000. B．About 43478. C．More than 47,500. D．Over 50,000. 2．What will NOT happen in undeveloped areas? A．Bad weather conditions. B．Altitude sickness. C．Low body temperature. D．Finding a lot of treasure. 3．What’s the meaning of the word “compasses”? A．手电筒 B．指南针 C．背包 D．帐篷 4．What did the local governments do when facing the big increase of tourists? A．They closed the scenic area. B．They gave safety advice to tourists. C．They provided free guides for tourists. D．They invited experts to do safety research. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】旅行、说明文、景点/建筑 【导语】本文主要介绍了云南省新平县哀牢山风景区在国庆假期期间游客激增，这一增幅引起了安全方面的担忧。文章提到当地设施条件和天气状况的差异，以及政府为保障安全实施的措施。 1．推理判断题。根据“During the recent National Day holiday, the Ailao Mountain scenic area (风景区) in Xinping County, Yunnan Province reportedly welcomed over 50, 000 tourists. This was a 15 percent increase compared to the same time last year.”可知，今年的哀牢山风景区接待了超过50,000的游客，与去年同期相比，增长了15%，所以去年哀牢山的游客大约为50000/1.15≈43478。故选B。 1．细节理解题。根据“But other areas, especially those that are undeveloped, are very dangerous. These areas often face bad weather conditions, which can cause tourists to experience altitude sickness (高原反应) and low body temperature.”可知，尚未开发的地区会出现恶劣天气、高原反应、体温过低等现象，没有提到找到很多宝藏。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“In addition, the area can cause compasses to fail, greatly increasing the risk of tourists getting lost.”可知，未开发地区可能会导致指南针失效，从而增加游客迷路的风险，可猜测出compasses意为“指南针”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Governments gave safety warnings telling tourists to stay away from undeveloped areas.”可知，面对游客激增，政府发出了安全警告，建议游客远离未开发区域。故选B。 B How often do you remember to tell people how much you like, admire (钦佩) or appreciate them? For many people, it’s not often enough. There are several reasons why we don’t let others know about our positive feelings towards them. I’ve heard excuses like, “They don’t need to hear me say that— they already know,” and “I do admire her, but I am too uncomfortable to say anything.” But when I ask someone if he enjoys being praised, the answer nine times out of ten is “I love it.” Whether our reason for not giving praise is not knowing what to say, feeling that other people already know their strengths and don’t need to be told, or simply not being in the habit of doing it, it’s time for a change. Many people spend their whole lifetime wishing that other people would acknowledge (承认) them. They feel this especially about their parents, children and friends. Even praise from strangers makes them feel good. Letting someone know the praise also makes the person offering it feel good. It’s an act of kindness. The other day, I was in a shop and saw something unimaginable. The checkout girl had just been scolded (责骂) by an angry customer— clearly without a good cause. But the girl controlled the anger by staying calm. When it was my turn to pay, I said to her, “________” She looked at me right in the eye and said, “Thank you, Sir. Do you know you are the first person ever to praise me in this shop?” It took less than two seconds to let her know, but it was a highlight (最精彩的部分) of her day, and of mine. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．Ways to praise others. B．Ways to make excuses for praise. C．Excuses for praising others. D．Reasons for not giving praise. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Most people know others admire them. B．Most people don’t want to know about others. C．Most people love getting praise from others. D．Most people enjoy giving others praise. 3．Which of the following sentence can be put in ________ in the passage? A．I’m so impressed by the way you treated that customer. B．I think you had better answer the customer’s questions. C．How did you control your anger? D．You shouldn’t treat the customer that way. 4．What’s the purpose of the writer in writing the passage? A．To describe some reasons for not giving praise. B．To tell us we should try to praise others often. C．To tell us not to give praise to our friends often. D．To advise us to learn from the checkout girl. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】说明文、意见/建议 【导语】本文主要介绍夸奖别人的重要性。 1．主旨大意题。根据“There are several reasons why we don’t let others know about our positive feelings towards them.”可知本段主要介绍我们不想让别人知道我们对他们的积极的感受的原因。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“But when I ask someone if he enjoys being praised, the answer nine times out of ten is ‘I love it.’”可知作者问了10个人，有9个人都说他们喜欢被表扬。故可知大部分人是喜欢从别人那里获得赞扬的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“She looked at me right in the eye and said, ‘Thank you, Sir. Do you know you are the first person ever to praise me in this shop?’”可知作者对女孩儿说了一些赞扬的话，女孩儿认为作者是这个店里第一个赞扬她的人。选项A“我对你对待顾客的方式印象深刻。”是一种赞扬。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据“How often do you remember to tell people how much you like, admire (钦佩) or appreciate them? For many people, it’s not often enough.”及下文可知本文主要讲我们要告诉别人，我们欣赏钦佩他们，即要经常赞扬他们。故选B。 C A hungry fly speeds through a forest. It smells nectar (花蜜) and lands on a green leaf. It starts to drink the sweet liquid (液体). Suddenly, the fly’s world turns green. The two sides of the leaf close against each other. Long green teeth lock together around it. The fly has been caught by Venus flytrap ( 捕蝇草). There is no way to run away alive. The Venus flytrap is perhaps the most famous killer plant. However, scientists have only recently started to understand how it hunts (猎取) and eats. After years of study, plant scientist Alexander Volkov believes he now knows the Venus flytrap’s secret. “This,” says Volkov, “is an electrical plant.” There are three small hairs along each of the Venus flytrap’s two leaves. When an insect touches a hair, it creates an electrical signal (信号) in the leaf. The insect can continue feeding—for now. But if it touches another hair within 20 seconds, the leaf traps suddenly shut. This allows the plant to tell the difference between a drop of water, for example, and a moving insect. Once trapped, an insect has little chance of staying alive. Instead of nectar, the Venus flytrap now releases (释放) a different liquid—one that slowly eats away at the insect. Ten days later, almost nothing is left. The plant’s leaves open again, and the Venus flytrap is ready for its next meal. 1．What does “the fly’s world turns green” really mean? A．The fly lands on a green leaf. B．The fly speeds intothe forest. C．The fly drinks the green nectar. D．The fly is caught by the leaf. 2．What makes the leaf close? A．The drop of water. B．The smell of the insect. C．The touches on the hairs. D．The hunger of the plant. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about the Venus flytrap? A．It uses electrical signals. B．Its trap closes very slowly. C．It makes three kinds of liquid. D．It eats with its long teeth. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Wonderful electricity B．Powerful hairs C．A famous killer plant D．The death of an insect 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】科普知识、说明文、植物 【导语】本文是说明文。它详细地介绍了捕蝇草的捕食过程，包括苍蝇如何被捕获，以及捕蝇草如何通过电信号来判断并捕获猎物，还有猎物被捕获后如何被消化等内容。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“It smells nectar and lands on a green leaf. It starts to drink the sweet liquid. Suddenly, the fly’s world turns green. The two sides of the leaf close against each other. ”可知,叶子的两面紧贴在一起，苍蝇被这个植物给捕获了。故选D。 2． 细节理解题。根据第三段“When an insect touches a hair, it creates an electrical signal in the leaf...But if it touches another hair within 20 seconds, the leaf traps suddenly shut”可知，触碰到叶子上的毛发让叶片关闭。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“When an insect touches a hair, it creates an electrical signal … But if it touches another hair within 20 seconds, the leaf traps suddenly shut”可知，捕蝇草使用了电信号进行捕猎。故选A。 4． 最佳标题题。根据“The Venus flytrap is perhaps the most famous killer plant.”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了捕蝇草这种著名的杀手植物。故选C。 【拔高题】 A Chinese famous writer Lu Xun once said that the beauty of Chinese writing lies in three ways: their appearances please the eye, their sounds please the ear, and their meanings educate the mind. But do you really know much about Chinese writing? Writing is a much newer invention than talking. Nobody knows when people first began to talk, but so far as we know, they did not begin to write until seven or eight thousand years ago. People began to make marks and pictures with sticks and sharp stones from which others, or they themselves could see what they had thought later. The first Chinese writing was picture writing. Here are some early Chinese picture words. Can you see what they mean? Later Chinese writing is less like pictures than the earlier writing was, but we can still see the pictures in some of its words. Here are some of them. Can you notice the changes? In picture writing, each picture represents a word, you need a different picture or mark for each word. In present-day Chinese writing, most of the marks are not pictures of anything, and a reader has to learn how the Chinese write about two thousand of these words before being able to read a newspaper. With some of these marks you may be able to see what the idea is. For example, the sun and the moon: meanings are “bright and open”. A man and two marks: one of the meanings is “humanity (仁)”. Chinese writing carries not only meanings but also important culture. Through it, we can closely connect the past, present, and future of our country. 1．What kind of beauty about Chinese writing does the passage show? A．The appearances and the meanings. B．The sounds and the meanings. C．The appearances and the sounds. D．The pictures and marks of words. 2．What does the underlined word “represent” mean in the passage? represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ v. A．To act or speak for someone else or a group of people. B．To be a symbol or a sign of sth. or to stand for sth. C．To give, show or send sth. again, especially a bill, etc. that has not been paid. D．To show or describe sb./sth. in a special way, especially when this may not be fair. 3．Which of the following picture writings means “bright and open”? A． B． C． D． 4．In which part of a magazine can you probably read this passage? A．Art. B．Story. C．Life. D．Culture. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】中华文化、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍中国文字的发展历程和特点，向读者普及了中国文字的相关知识。 1．推理判断题。文章开头引用了鲁迅的话“Chinese famous writer Lu Xun once said that the beauty of Chinese writing lies in three ways: their appearances please the eye, their sounds please the ear, and their meanings educate the mind.”指出中国文字的美体现在三个方面：外观悦目、声音悦耳、意义启智；但文章中并未详细讨论声音的美，而是更多地关注了文字的外观 (图画文字和现代文字的形状) 和意义 (所传达的思想和文化)。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据第五段“In picture writing, each picture represents a word, you need a different picture or mark for each word.”可知，在图画文字中，每个图画对应一个单词，即每个图画是一个单词的象征或代表，stand for与represent意思相近，都有“代表，象征”之意。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“For example, the sun and the moon: meanings are ‘bright and open’.”可知，太阳和月亮的图画文字分别代表“明亮和开放”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了中国文字的起源、发展、特点以及其所承载的文化意义，文字属于文化范畴；据此可以推断，人们最有可能在杂志的“文化”版块读到这篇文章。故选D。 B ①During the Han Dynasty people preferred small waists, while in the Tang Dynasty people admired plumpness (圆润), considering it a symbol of beauty. Until this day, people’s build is still a hot topic. ②Now some girls don’t feel confident if they have a pear-shaped build, with hips that are wider than the bust and shoulders. Many pear-shaped girls try to hide their hips and legs under large dresses and pants. ③However, a recent study suggested that pear-shaped people are the ones who won the genetic lottery (基因彩票)! ④The study by the US National Library of Medicine found that the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, 腰臀比) shows the strongest relationship with death. Traditionally, the BMI (体重指数) has been considered the best way to judge whether a person is healthy or not. However, this study challenges this conclusion. After surveying nearly 40,000 people, scientists found no matter what a person’s BMI is, the larger his WHR is, the easier he will die. Instead of focusing on how much fat a person has, scientists suggest people should focus more on where the fat is in a person’s body. ⑤WHR, as its name suggests, compares your waist to your hip. A larger waist means morecentral fat, which could mean more visceral fat (内脏脂肪). More visceral fat increases the risk of illnesses. That’s why people with a pear-shaped body are always healthier than others. According to the World Health Organization, a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women and less than 0.9 for men. ⑥Researchers from Johns Hopkins University suggested we should focus more on health instead of the build. As middle school students, since we are growing, it’s pretty common to put on some weight and get bigger. We can’t control our natural body types, but we can control our health. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Small waist. B．Plumpness. C．The good build. D．Pear-shaped body. 2．Which of the following should girls focus more on according to the passage? A．They should try to keep their BMI as low as possible to get good health. B．They should keep their WHR within the healthy limit of less than 0.85. C．They only need to make their waists as small as possible to look pretty. D．They should focus on cutting down both BMI and WHR to the lowest. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A．①②/③/④/⑤⑥ B．①/②/③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③/④⑤/⑥ D．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ 4．What may happen according to the passage? A．Pear-shaped girls will stop wearing large clothes. B．Doctors won’t use BMI to check people’s health. C．People will care more about WHR for health. D．Schools will teach more about body shapes. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】健康与运动、说明文、外貌与性格 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“身材”这一热门话题，涉及到“腰臀比”和“体重指数”等概念。 1．词句猜测题。根据“while in the Tang Dynasty people admired plumpness, considering it a symbol of beauty.”可知，此处代词指代前面的“圆润”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“According to the World Health Organization, a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women”可知，女性应该把腰臀比控制在少于0.85的健康线以内。故选B。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章第一段导入身材这一话题；第二段介绍一些女孩误以为梨形身材不好；第三、四、五段则解开第二段的误解；第六段是全篇文章的总结和结论。故选D。 4．推理判断题。文章第一、二段介绍一些女孩误以为腰臀比低的梨形身材不好，第三、四、五段则说明腰臀比低是健康的标准，需要给以重视，所以通过这篇文章，人们为了健康会更在意腰臀比。故选C。 C People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 1．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 2．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．控制 B．隐藏 C．识别 D．记录 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】情感、常见动物、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了鸡的快乐和不快乐的情感以及人类对其感知的能力。 1．推理判断题。根据“It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可说明研究包括了鸡，所以D选项“一项新的研究将鸡加入了这个名单”符合语境，故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls”可知，当鸡看到食物时，它们会发出快速而响亮的声音，选项D符合“快速而响亮的声音”这一描述。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier.”和上文可知，研究人员希望识别鸡的情感，这样在养殖时，可以让鸟类更快乐、更健康，所以“identify”意为识别或知道，故选C。 4．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了鸡的快乐和不快乐的情感以及人类对其感知的能力，因此“Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens”最符合文章主题，故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 焦点06 阅读理解之说明文 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【基础题】 A No matter what you want to achieve in life, self-awareness (自我意识) is always important to success. Self-awareness can help you understand yourself better and allows you to understand why you feel and act in a certain way. However, how can you raise your level of self-awareness and achieve better results in life? Here are some ways. If you want to develop your self-awareness, the first thing you need to do is to set a goal. Having a goal and working on it allow you to know more about yourself. You will find your advantages and weaknesses as you take action and work towards your goals. ________. This can help you improve your mood(心情) when you are facing stress or sadness. Write down your thoughts and feelings to understand them more clearly. It allows you to step out of your life and look at it from a third-person view (视野). It also helps you look at a bigger picture of what is going on and how you can deal with it. Take self-assessment (自我评价)  tests. How do you find out what you want to be, do, and have in your life? How can you tell if your job or life is the one you are looking for? Taking a self-assessment test can help you find out some of the answers. 1．What should we do first when developing self-awareness? A．Find an interest. B．Take notes. C．Set a goal. D．Take a self-assessment test. 2．Which of the following sentences should be filled in ________ ? A．Join a club B．Keep a diary C．Read more books D．Watch educational videos 3．Taking self-assessment tests may help you find out the answers to the following questions except “________”. A．What do I want to do in my life? B．What do I want to have in my life? C．What kind of job should I choose? D．Is the life the one I am looking for? 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Some Ways to Develop Self-awareness B．The Importance of Self-awareness C．Some Influences of Self-awareness D．The Explanation for Self-awareness B Some things usually have different meanings in different cultures. Here are some words about animals that are used differently in western cultures and Chinese cultures. Most phrases in Chinese about the dog, such as “a homeless dog”, “a mad dog”, “a running dog” and “a dog catching a mouse”, have negative (消极的) meanings. But in western countries, dogs are considered honest and good friends of humans. The word, “dog”, has positive meanings. For example, “you are a lucky dog” means you are a lucky person. And “every dog has its day” means each person has good luck at times. As we know, dragons are very important in Chinese culture. In ancient times, dragons were seen as strong and magical animals. They brought hope and good luck. The ancient emperors compared themselves to dragons. Nowadays, many parents want their children to become “dragons”. But in western cultures, dragons were dangerous animals. Heroes killed them to protect people. ▲ The rose is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some western countries. People in China and the West think the rose also stands for peace, courage and friendship. When we pay attention to the cultural meanings of words, we will understand them better. 1．Which situation shows the similar meaning with “every dog has its day”? A．You lost your favorite movie poster. B．You fell and hurt yourself while riding a bike. C．You coughed for days after eating an ice-cream. D．You finally got a job after having failed many times. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A．Dragons. B．Children. C．Emperors. D．Animals. 3．Which of the following can be put in the ▲ ? A．Roses have different meanings too. B．Heroes are looked up by most people. C．Western cultures and Chinese cultures are really different. D．Some things have similar meanings in Chinese culture and western cultures. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Dogs and Dragons B．China and Western Countries C．Positive and Negative Meanings D．Different Cultures, Different Meanings C Food allergies (过敏) can be very dangerous for people. Their bodies may itch (发痒). They may want to throw up and can even die from allergies. What’s worse, food allergies are becoming more common these days.     Kari Nadeau, an allergy expert at Stanford University in the US, did a study of food allergies around the world. She found that while 3 percent of people had them in 1960, the number rose to 7 percent in 2018. Nadeau said one reason for this might be that we have fewer interactions (相互作用) with microbiota (微生物群). Microbiota can “train” our bodies and stop us from getting allergies. Our bodies have fewer chances to get close to microbiota these days. We live in cleaner homes. We stay indoors for longer hours. Doctors are using more antibiotics (抗生素) on us as children —antibiotics kill microbiota. Scientists say it’s a good idea for babies to eat many different kinds of foods so that they can build up tolerance (耐受) in their early years. Having a pet cat or dog can also stop the development of allergies. 1．What may happen when people have food allergies, according to the passage? A．They may lose weight. B．They may get hungry easily. C．They may want to throw up. D．They may feel thirsty all the time. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Microbiota can cause allergies. B．The more microbiota, the better. C．We should keep away from microbiota. D．We can go outdoors to get close to microbiota. 3．In which part of a magazine could you find this article? A．Food B．Health C．Music D．Culture 4．What’s the best title of this article? A．A study of food allergies. B．Microbiota. C．What cause allergies? D．How to prevent allergies? 【提升题】 A During the recent National Day holiday, the Ailao Mountain scenic area (风景区) in Xinping County, Yunnan Province reportedly welcomed over 50,000 tourists. This was a 15 percent increase compared to the same time last year. For a time, hot topics such as “Traffic jam in the Ailao Mountains” caught public attention online. A local hotel owner said that his 20 rooms were fully booked within hours. “Usually, our rooms cost about 90 yuan a night, but during the holiday, it went up to 240 yuan. Even so, there were still many more people wanting rooms,” he said. The Ailao Mountains cover several counties. Some parts of the mountains, like the scenic area in Xinping, offer better and safer facilities (设施). But other areas, especially those that are undeveloped, are very dangerous. These areas often face bad weather conditions, which can cause tourists to experience altitude sickness (高原反应) and low body temperature. In addition, the area can cause compasses to fail, greatly increasing the risk of tourists getting lost. Back in 2021, it was reported four researchers got lost in the mountains and were later found dead. The big increase in tourists has raised safety worries among local governments and people. Governments gave safety warnings telling tourists to stay away from undeveloped areas. Anyone who goes into these areas without permission will be fined (罚款) from 100 to 5,000 yuan. Experts say the mountains’ complex (复杂的) situation can lead to many dangerous results. Local villagers have also warned tourists off wild animals such as bears and snakes and advised them to cheek the local terrain (地形) before starting off to avoid getting lost. 1．How many tourists visited the scenic area during the last National Day holiday? A．Less than 40,000. B．About 43478. C．More than 47,500. D．Over 50,000. 2．What will NOT happen in undeveloped areas? A．Bad weather conditions. B．Altitude sickness. C．Low body temperature. D．Finding a lot of treasure. 3．What’s the meaning of the word “compasses”? A．手电筒 B．指南针 C．背包 D．帐篷 4．What did the local governments do when facing the big increase of tourists? A．They closed the scenic area. B．They gave safety advice to tourists. C．They provided free guides for tourists. D．They invited experts to do safety research. B How often do you remember to tell people how much you like, admire (钦佩) or appreciate them? For many people, it’s not often enough. There are several reasons why we don’t let others know about our positive feelings towards them. I’ve heard excuses like, “They don’t need to hear me say that— they already know,” and “I do admire her, but I am too uncomfortable to say anything.” But when I ask someone if he enjoys being praised, the answer nine times out of ten is “I love it.” Whether our reason for not giving praise is not knowing what to say, feeling that other people already know their strengths and don’t need to be told, or simply not being in the habit of doing it, it’s time for a change. Many people spend their whole lifetime wishing that other people would acknowledge (承认) them. They feel this especially about their parents, children and friends. Even praise from strangers makes them feel good. Letting someone know the praise also makes the person offering it feel good. It’s an act of kindness. The other day, I was in a shop and saw something unimaginable. The checkout girl had just been scolded (责骂) by an angry customer— clearly without a good cause. But the girl controlled the anger by staying calm. When it was my turn to pay, I said to her, “________” She looked at me right in the eye and said, “Thank you, Sir. Do you know you are the first person ever to praise me in this shop?” It took less than two seconds to let her know, but it was a highlight (最精彩的部分) of her day, and of mine. 1．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．Ways to praise others. B．Ways to make excuses for praise. C．Excuses for praising others. D．Reasons for not giving praise. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Most people know others admire them. B．Most people don’t want to know about others. C．Most people love getting praise from others. D．Most people enjoy giving others praise. 3．Which of the following sentence can be put in ________ in the passage? A．I’m so impressed by the way you treated that customer. B．I think you had better answer the customer’s questions. C．How did you control your anger? D．You shouldn’t treat the customer that way. 4．What’s the purpose of the writer in writing the passage? A．To describe some reasons for not giving praise. B．To tell us we should try to praise others often. C．To tell us not to give praise to our friends often. D．To advise us to learn from the checkout girl. C A hungry fly speeds through a forest. It smells nectar (花蜜) and lands on a green leaf. It starts to drink the sweet liquid (液体). Suddenly, the fly’s world turns green. The two sides of the leaf close against each other. Long green teeth lock together around it. The fly has been caught by Venus flytrap ( 捕蝇草). There is no way to run away alive. The Venus flytrap is perhaps the most famous killer plant. However, scientists have only recently started to understand how it hunts (猎取) and eats. After years of study, plant scientist Alexander Volkov believes he now knows the Venus flytrap’s secret. “This,” says Volkov, “is an electrical plant.” There are three small hairs along each of the Venus flytrap’s two leaves. When an insect touches a hair, it creates an electrical signal (信号) in the leaf. The insect can continue feeding—for now. But if it touches another hair within 20 seconds, the leaf traps suddenly shut. This allows the plant to tell the difference between a drop of water, for example, and a moving insect. Once trapped, an insect has little chance of staying alive. Instead of nectar, the Venus flytrap now releases (释放) a different liquid—one that slowly eats away at the insect. Ten days later, almost nothing is left. The plant’s leaves open again, and the Venus flytrap is ready for its next meal. 1．What does “the fly’s world turns green” really mean? A．The fly lands on a green leaf. B．The fly speeds intothe forest. C．The fly drinks the green nectar. D．The fly is caught by the leaf. 2．What makes the leaf close? A．The drop of water. B．The smell of the insect. C．The touches on the hairs. D．The hunger of the plant. 3．Which of the following is TRUE about the Venus flytrap? A．It uses electrical signals. B．Its trap closes very slowly. C．It makes three kinds of liquid. D．It eats with its long teeth. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Wonderful electricity B．Powerful hairs C．A famous killer plant D．The death of an insect 【拔高题】 A Chinese famous writer Lu Xun once said that the beauty of Chinese writing lies in three ways: their appearances please the eye, their sounds please the ear, and their meanings educate the mind. But do you really know much about Chinese writing? Writing is a much newer invention than talking. Nobody knows when people first began to talk, but so far as we know, they did not begin to write until seven or eight thousand years ago. People began to make marks and pictures with sticks and sharp stones from which others, or they themselves could see what they had thought later. The first Chinese writing was picture writing. Here are some early Chinese picture words. Can you see what they mean? Later Chinese writing is less like pictures than the earlier writing was, but we can still see the pictures in some of its words. Here are some of them. Can you notice the changes? In picture writing, each picture represents a word, you need a different picture or mark for each word. In present-day Chinese writing, most of the marks are not pictures of anything, and a reader has to learn how the Chinese write about two thousand of these words before being able to read a newspaper. With some of these marks you may be able to see what the idea is. For example, the sun and the moon: meanings are “bright and open”. A man and two marks: one of the meanings is “humanity (仁)”. Chinese writing carries not only meanings but also important culture. Through it, we can closely connect the past, present, and future of our country. 1．What kind of beauty about Chinese writing does the passage show? A．The appearances and the meanings. B．The sounds and the meanings. C．The appearances and the sounds. D．The pictures and marks of words. 2．What does the underlined word “represent” mean in the passage? represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ v. A．To act or speak for someone else or a group of people. B．To be a symbol or a sign of sth. or to stand for sth. C．To give, show or send sth. again, especially a bill, etc. that has not been paid. D．To show or describe sb./sth. in a special way, especially when this may not be fair. 3．Which of the following picture writings means “bright and open”? A． B． C． D． 4．In which part of a magazine can you probably read this passage? A．Art. B．Story. C．Life. D．Culture. B ①During the Han Dynasty people preferred small waists, while in the Tang Dynasty people admired plumpness (圆润), considering it a symbol of beauty. Until this day, people’s build is still a hot topic. ②Now some girls don’t feel confident if they have a pear-shaped build, with hips that are wider than the bust and shoulders. Many pear-shaped girls try to hide their hips and legs under large dresses and pants. ③However, a recent study suggested that pear-shaped people are the ones who won the genetic lottery (基因彩票)! ④The study by the US National Library of Medicine found that the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, 腰臀比) shows the strongest relationship with death. Traditionally, the BMI (体重指数) has been considered the best way to judge whether a person is healthy or not. However, this study challenges this conclusion. After surveying nearly 40,000 people, scientists found no matter what a person’s BMI is, the larger his WHR is, the easier he will die. Instead of focusing on how much fat a person has, scientists suggest people should focus more on where the fat is in a person’s body. ⑤WHR, as its name suggests, compares your waist to your hip. A larger waist means morecentral fat, which could mean more visceral fat (内脏脂肪). More visceral fat increases the risk of illnesses. That’s why people with a pear-shaped body are always healthier than others. According to the World Health Organization, a healthy WHR is less than 0.85 for women and less than 0.9 for men. ⑥Researchers from Johns Hopkins University suggested we should focus more on health instead of the build. As middle school students, since we are growing, it’s pretty common to put on some weight and get bigger. We can’t control our natural body types, but we can control our health. 1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Small waist. B．Plumpness. C．The good build. D．Pear-shaped body. 2．Which of the following should girls focus more on according to the passage? A．They should try to keep their BMI as low as possible to get good health. B．They should keep their WHR within the healthy limit of less than 0.85. C．They only need to make their waists as small as possible to look pretty. D．They should focus on cutting down both BMI and WHR to the lowest. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A．①②/③/④/⑤⑥ B．①/②/③④/⑤⑥ C．①②/③/④⑤/⑥ D．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ 4．What may happen according to the passage? A．Pear-shaped girls will stop wearing large clothes. B．Doctors won’t use BMI to check people’s health. C．People will care more about WHR for health. D．Schools will teach more about body shapes. C People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 1．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 2．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．控制 B．隐藏 C．识别 D．记录 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$