寒假Units2-3单元预习学案 2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册

姓名： 朱德祥 日期： 1月21日 2024-2025学年第一学期 八年级英语导学案 Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks 第一课时（1a-2d） 一、熟读并记住单词 二、掌握重点短语 clean up打扫（或清除）干净 cheer up（使）变得更高兴；（使）振奋起来 give out分发；散发 come up with想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等） put off推迟 hand out分发 call up打电话给（某人）；征召 used to曾经……；过去…… care for照顾；非常喜欢 三、重点句型 1.You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮忙清理城市公园。 2.We need to come up with a plan for the City park Clean-up Day. 我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。 3.They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们给我讲述了过去的故事以及过去的情况。 四、对话 A:Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer. 嗨，汤姆。我正在计划今年夏天去养老院工作。 B: Really? I did that last summer!真的吗？我去年夏天就做过那件事了！ A: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with?哦，他们让你帮忙做什么了？ B: Mm… things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to them. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 嗯……像是给老人们读报纸，或者只是跟他们聊天。他们给我讲过去的故事，讲以前的生活是什么样的。 A: That sounds interesting.那听起来很有趣。 B: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. We should listen to them and care for them. 是的，很多老人都很孤独。我们应该倾听他们，关心他们。 A: You’re right. I mean, we’re all going to be old one day, too. 你说得对。我的意思是，我们也总有一天会变老的。 5、 语法 1.used to后跟动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事”。 肯定：主语+used to+动词原形+其他. 否定: “主语+didn’t use to +动词原形+其他”或“主语+ usedn’t to + 动词原形+其他”，在口语中常用“didn’t use to”。 一般疑问句“Did+主语+use to+动词原形+其他?”,“Used+主语+to+动词原形+其他?” 2.care for ①“照顾；照料。相当于take care of 或 look after。 ②非常喜欢 I care for tea. 第二课时（3a-3c） 课文讲解 Students Who Volunteer志愿学生 Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School ①give up several hours each week ②to help others.（来自河滨高中的马里奥·格林和玛丽·布朗每周都会抽出几个小时来帮助他人。）①give up放弃 ②to help others，to do不定式作目的状语 Mario loves animals and wants to be an animal doctor. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. （马里奥喜欢动物，想成为一名兽医。他每个星期六上午都在一家动物医院做志愿者。）Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. “It’s hard work,” he says, “but I want to learn more about how to care for animals. （马里奥相信这能帮助他得到未来梦想的工作。“这是艰苦的工作，”他说，“但我想更多地了解如何照顾动物。）”I get ①such a ②strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.”（当我看到动物们病情好转以及它们主人脸上流露出的喜悦神情时，我有一种强烈的满足感。）①“such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数”结构 ②a strong feeling of satisfaction 一种强烈的满足感 Mary is a book lover. She could read by herself at the age of four. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. （玛丽是个书迷。她在四岁时就能自己读书了。去年，她决定报名参加一个志愿者课外阅读项目。）She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. （她仍然每周在那里工作一次，帮助孩子们学习阅读。）“The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book.（孩子们正坐在图书馆里，但是从他们的眼神中你可以看出，随着每一本新书的开启，他们都踏上了一段不同的旅程。）①go on a +名词 意为“进行……；举行……”e.g. go on a visit / a vacation… Volunteering here is a dream come true for me. I cando what I love to do and help others at the same time（同时）.”（在这里做志愿者对我来说简直是梦想成真。我可以做自己喜欢的事情，同时还能帮助他人。） 第三课时（Grammar-4c） 1.动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。 2.动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，常写作to do(有时to可以省略)，否定形式为not to do 。He wants to sit. Tell him not to live alone. 3.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 一、做主语：一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。 例：学外语很有用。 To learn foreign languages is very useful. =It’s very useful to learn foreign languages. 为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面作真正的主语。 二、作宾语：主语+谓语+ to do 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有want/plan/agree/learn/hope/refuse/decide to do 另一种是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作动词或介词的宾语。 例：他教我如何使用手机。He taught me how to use mobile phone. 常用it作形式宾语，而将动词不定式放在后面作真正的宾语。 我认为锻炼很有帮助。 I think it helpful to do exercise. 3、 作表语 1.主语是不定式(表条件)；表语也是不定式(表结果) 例：工作意味着谋生。To work means to earn a living． 2.动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构：My job/dream/goal/aim is… 例：他的梦想是在不久的将来出国学习。 His dream is to study abroad in the near future． 四、做状语 动词不定式可用来作目的状语（放在句首或句尾），原因状语（跟在作表语的形容词后面）和结果状语（用在too…to结构中）。 She raised her voice to be heard better．（她提高嗓门以便听得更清楚。）目的状语 I’m sorry to trouble you.（很抱歉打扰您。）原因状语 She is too young to go to school.（她太小了，不能上学。）结果状语 第四课时（2a-2e） 课文讲解 Dear Miss Li, I’d like to thank you for giving money to Animal Helpers.（我想感谢你为动物助手组织捐款。） I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.（我确信你知道这个团体是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人而设立的。）①set up a company/business…建起；设立You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. （你让我有可能拥有Lucky。）②make it possible for sb. to do sth.使……成为可能Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Let me tell you my story.（幸运给我的生活带来了巨大的改变。让我来告诉你我的故事。）③make a difference (to…)（对……）产生影响/起作用 What would it be like to be blind or deaf?（失明或失聪会是什么样子?）Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily.(或者想象一下你无法轻松地行走或使用双手。) ①imagine“想象；设想”。②imagine+名词/代词 想象…… ③imagine ( sb.) doing sth.想象（某人）做某事④imagine+从句 想象…… Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties. (大多数人可能永远不会想到这一点，但很多人都有这些困难。)I can’t use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me.(我的胳膊和腿不能很好地活动，所以像接电话、开关门或者拿东西这类平常的事对我来说都很困难。)difficulty①“困难；难题”，可数名词； ②当表示抽象意义的“困难”时，为不可数名词。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难in difficulty= in trouble 处于困难中 Then one day last year, ①a friend of mine ②helped me out. (然后去年的某一天，我的一个朋友帮了我一把。)②help sb. out 帮助某人走出困境；帮助某人解决难题 She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. (她与动物助手组织谈过给我弄一条受过特殊训练的狗的事。)She also thought a dog might cheer me up. (她还认为养条狗也许能让我振作起来。)I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.(我喜欢动物，对于养狗这个想法我很兴奋。) After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. My dog’s name is Lucky — a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. (在动物助手中心与一只狗进行了六个月训练之后，我得以把它带回家。我的狗叫Lucky（幸运）——这个名字很适合它，因为我觉得拥有它非常幸运。)You see, I’m only able to have a “dog helper” because of your kindness! (你看，我能有一个“导盲犬助手”都是因为你的好心！)①不可数名词，“仁慈；善良”。形容词加后缀-ness构成的名词，表示性质、状态或特点，如fairness/shyness/illness/happiness Lucky is very clever and ②understands many English words. He can understand me when I give him orders. (拉基非常聪明，能理解许多英语单词。当我给他下命令时，他能明白我的意思。)②理解；领会，过去式为 understood名词和形容词为：understanding For example, I say, “Lucky! Get my book,” and he does it at once.(例如，我说：“Lucky！把我的书拿过来。”它立刻就照做了。) Lucky is a fantastic dog. (拉基是一只极好的狗。)I’ll send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps me. (如果你愿意的话，我可以给你发一张他的照片，我还可以向你展示他是怎么帮助我的。)Thank you again for changing my life. (再次感谢你改变了我的生活。)①及物动词，“改变；变化”。 change (…) into …（把……）变成……change one’s life 改变某人的生活 ② “变化”可数名词“零钱”不可数名词 Unit3 Could you please clean your room？ 第一课时（1a-2d） 一、熟读并记住单词 二、掌握重点短语 洗餐具do the dishes 倒垃圾take out the rubbish 叠衣服fold the clothes 遛狗take the dog for a walk 擦地板sweep the floor 频繁；反复all the time 搭便车get a ride 走开walk away 从事work on 吃惊地in surprise 扔掉throw down 一……就……as soon as 随时any minute 扔掉帮助解决……help out (with…) 闲逛hang out 三、对话 A:Tony, could you please help out with a few things? 托尼，你能帮忙处理几件事吗？ B:Could I at least finish watching this show? 我至少能看完这个节目吗？ A:No. I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 不。我认为看两个小时的电视对你来说已经足够了！ B:Fine. What do you want me to do? 好吧。你想让我做什么？ A:Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes? 你能倒垃圾、叠衣服还有洗碗吗？ B:So much?这么多？ A:Yes, because Mom will be back from(从...回来) shopping any minute now.（随时；马上；在任何时候） And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.（n. 杂乱；不整洁in a mess 乱七八糟；陷入困境make a mess 弄得一团糟）是的，因为妈妈随时都会购物回来。如果她看到这一团糟，她会不高兴的。 B:But the house is already pretty clean and tidy! 但是房子已经相当干净整洁了！ A:Yes, well, it’s clean, but it’s not “mother clean”! 是的，好吧，它干净，但不是“妈妈级别的干净”！ 第二课时（3a-3c） 课文讲解 Last month, our dog welcomed me when I came home from school.（上个月，当我放学回家时，我们的狗迎接了我。） He wanted a walk, but I was too tired. （他想要去散步，但我太累了。）I ①threw down my bag and went to the living room.（我扔下包走进了客厅。）①throw down 扔下；随手丢下throw away 扔掉；抛弃throw at 向……扔去（含有恶意）throw to 扔给……（不含恶意） The minute I sat down ②in front of the TV, my mom ③came over.（我一坐在电视机前，我妈妈就过来了。）②在……前面。区分：in front of 强调在某一物体外部的前面；in the front of 强调在某一物体内部的前面过来；③顺便来访；拜访“Could you please take the dog for a walk?” she asked.（“你能带狗去散步吗？”她问道。） “Could I watch one show first?” I asked.“No!” she replied angrily. （“我能先看一个节目吗？”我问。“不行！”她生气地回答。）“You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! （你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！）I can’t work all day and do housework all evening.”（我不能整天工作，晚上还得做家务。） “Well, I work all day at school, too! I’m just ①as tired as you are!” I shouted back. （“我整天也在学校工作！我和你一样累！”我也大声回喊道。）①as…as… 和……一样用于同级比较，两个as中间用形容词或副词的原级。其否定形式为： not as/so… as…,意为“不如……那样……”。My mom did not say anything and walked away. For one week, she did not do any housework and ②neither did I. （我妈妈什么也没说就走开了。整整一个星期，她什么家务活也没做，我也没做。）②也不，两者都不Finally, I could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.（最后，我既找不到干净的盘子，也找不到干净的衬衫。）The next day, my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.“What happened?” she asked ③in surprise.（第二天，我妈妈下班回家，发现房子干净整洁。“发生了什么事？”她惊讶地问。）③作状语，表示状态, 意为“惊讶地；吃惊地”，等于with surprise 常用短语：to one’s surprise 使……惊讶的是；出乎……的意料。“I’m so sorry, Mom. I finally understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home,” I replied.（“对不起，妈妈。我终于明白了，我们需要分担家务才能有一个干净舒适的家，”我回答道。） 重点短语1.做家务 2.帮助做一些事情 3.倒垃圾 4.叠衣服 5.洗衣服 6.整理床铺 help with housework/do chores help out with a few things take out the rubbish/trash fold the clothes wash the clothes/do some washing make the bed sweep the floor clean the living room take the dog for a walk hang out with my friends stay out late give sb. a ride get a ride 7.扫地 8.打扫客厅 9.遛狗 10.和我朋友一起闲逛 11.在外面呆到很晚 12.送某人一程 13.搭车 重点句子 1.The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. 2.For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 第三课时（Grammar-4c） 情态动词 could 构成的句型用于向对方委婉地提出请求或征求对方的许可。它本身不能做谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。 1. 用于委婉地请求别人做某事（提出请求） 常用句型 Could you ( please ) do sth.? 肯定答语 OK./Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem./Yes, sure.等 否定答语 Sorry, I can’t. I have to…/I’m afraid not./ I’m afraid I can’t. I am going to…等 例：——你能整理你的床铺吗？ ——抱歉，我不能。我现在必须做家庭作业。 —Could you please make your bed? —Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework now. 2. 用于委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事（征求许可） 常用句型 Could I do sth.? 肯定答语 Yes, you can./Certainly./Yes, please.等 否定答语 Sorry, you can’t./I’m afraid you can’t.等 例：——妈妈，我明天可以和朋友去购物吗？ ——恐怕不行，你要上钢琴课。 —Could I go shopping with my friend tomorrow, Mom? —I’m afraid you can’t. You should take your piano lessons. 注意： (1)无论是“Could you please... ?”还是“Could I ...?”句型，问句中的 could 可用 can 来代替，但是 could 更委婉。且答语中一般都避免使用 could 来回答。 (2)句中 please 还可放在句尾，其前用逗号和前面的内容隔开。 例：—请问我可以邀请朋友去聚会吗？——当然可以。那听起来很有趣。 —Could I invite my friends to the party, please? —Of course you can. That sounds fun.(can不能换成 could) 拓展：(1)could 为 can 的过去式，表示能力。 He could ride a bike at the age of five. (2)表示可能性，指对现在、将来或过去某种可能的推测。 The book could be Lily’s because she likes reading books. (3)表示建议。You could go there by bus. borrow, lend与keep 1.borrow非延续性动词，意为“借；借用”。表示从别人那里借来东西。borrow sth. from… 向/从……借某物。 2.lend 非延续性动词，意为“借给；借出”。指把自己的东西借给别人。lend sb. sth.＝lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人。 3.keep 延续性动词，意为“借；保存”。可与一段时间连用。keep sth. for＋一段时间 保留/保存某物一段时间。 第四课时（2a-2e） 课文讲解 Dear Sir, ①I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. （我不明白为什么有些父母让孩子在家帮忙做家务和杂事。）①why 引导的宾语从句Kids these days already have enough stress from school. （如今的孩子们已经承受了来自学校的足够多的压力了。）They do not have time to study and do housework, too.（他们没有时间既学习又做家务。） Housework is ②a waste of their time. Could we just let them do their job as students?（家务活是浪费他们的时间。我们能不能就让他们安心当个学生，做好学业相关的事呢？） ②waste (1)名词：浪费a waste of… 浪费……(2)名词：垃圾(3)及物动词：浪费；滥用waste time/money on sb./sth.在某人/某事上浪费时间/金钱waste time/money (in) doing sth.浪费时间/金钱做某事They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. （他们应该把时间花在学习上，以便取得好成绩并进入好的大学。）Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so ③there is no need for them to do it now. （而且，等他们长大了，他们也必须要做家务，所以现在没必要做。）③there is no need for sb. to do sth. 某人没必要做某事④It is the parents’ job to ⑤provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. （为孩子在家里提供一个干净舒适的环境是父母的工作。）④It is one’s job to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责⑤provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. I do not mind doing them.（而且不管怎样，我认为做家务并没有那么难。我不介意做它们。） Dear Sir, I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. （我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做家务并帮助父母做家务是很重要的。）It is not enough to just get good grades at school. Children these days depend on their parents too much.（仅仅在学校取得好成绩是不够的。如今的孩子们太依赖父母了。） They are always asking, “Could you get this for me?” or “Could you help me with that?”（他们总是问：“你能帮我拿这个吗？”或者“你能帮我做那个吗？”） Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.（做家务有助于培养孩子的独立性，并教会他们如何照顾自己。） It also helps them to understand the idea of fairness. Since they live in one house with their parents,① they should know that everyone should ②do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. （这也有助于他们理解公平的概念。既然他们和父母住在一所房子里，他们就应该知道每个人都应该尽自己的一份力来保持房子的干净整洁。）①that 引导的宾语从句②do one’s part in (doing) sth.尽自己的职责做某事Our neighbors’ son got into a good college but during his first year, he had no idea how to take care of himself. （我们邻居的儿子考上了一所好大学，但在第一年里，他不知道如何照顾自己。）As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped. （因此，他经常生病，成绩也下降了。）The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.（孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越有利。）③the+比较级…，the+比较级…越……，就越…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$