Unit2 单元基础知识和语法知识梳理及练习-2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册

人教版8年级下册2单元基础知识和语法知识梳理及练习 词形变化 1. strong(adj.)强烈的；强壮的→____________(比较级)→____________(最高级) 2. carry(v.)拿；提；扛→____________(过去式/过去分词) 3. clever(adj.)聪明的；聪颖的→____________(比较级)→____________(最高级) 4. imagine(v.)想象；设想→____________(n.)想象力 5. feel（v.） → (n.)感觉，感触 6. satisfy (v.)使满意 → (n.)满足，满意 7. own(adj.)自己的 → (n.)物主，主人 8. break(v.)使损坏，打碎 → (过去式) → （过去分词） 9. able(adj.)有能力的 → （adj.）丧失能力的，有残疾的 10. difficult(adj.) 困难的→ (n.)困难，难题 11. train(v.)训练，培训 → （n.）训练，培训 12. kind(adj.) 仁慈的，善良的→ （n.）仁慈，善良 13. understand（v.）理解，领会 → （过去式） → （adj.）善解人意的 14. excite(v.)兴奋，激动 → （adj.）令人兴奋的 → （adj.）兴奋的 15. Interest（v/n）使感兴趣 → （adj.）令人感兴趣的 → （adj.）感兴趣的 短语梳理 1. 打扫(或清除)干净 ____________________ 2. (使)变得更高兴;振奋起来 ____________________ 3.分发;散发 ____________________ 4. 想出，提出(主意计划、回答等) ____________________ 5.推迟做某事; ____________________ 6.推迟某事/某物____________________ 7张贴;搭起,坚起:举起____________________ 8分发____________________ 9给某人打电话____________________ 10.曾经……;过去……____________________ 11照顾;非常喜欢____________________ 12.了解;得知____________________ 13这么强烈的一种感觉____________________ 14参加……选拔;试用____________________ 15(梦想)实现____________________ 16.同时____________________ 17.忙于做某事____________________ 18至少____________________ 19担忧……____________________ 20挣很多钱____________________ 21在某人的空闲时间____________________ 22.考虑，想起; ____________________ 22.与……相似____________________ 24.赠送;捐赠____________________ 26修理:装饰____________________ 27建起:设立____________________ 29对……有影响;起作用 ____________________ 30.对……感到兴奋____________________ 34（外貌或行为）像 语法梳理 I. 动词不定式基本概述 ● 具有名词、形容词和副词的特征:可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。 II. 动词不定式具体用法 1、主语：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语。 　　句型：It is + n. / adj. + for/ of sb. to do sth. It is a(n) pleasure/ pity/ honor to do sth. It is important / possible/ necessary/ convenient/ inevitable/ urgent + (for sb. ) to do sth. It is kind/ generous/courageous/brave/ right / wrong/ wise/ sensible/ foolish+ (of sb.) to do sth. It is a pity for the company to have lost such a rare opportunity to promote the sales. Is it convenient for you to commute to the workplace when you live in the suburb? It is courageous of a young girl to take on the burden of feeding the whole family. 　注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出，逻辑主语由of引出时，表语的形容词为kind, nice, good, polite, clever, foolish, right, wrong等表示评价的形容词。例：It’s right of him to refuse the invitation. (him为逻辑主语) 2、表语：Our duty is to protect the environment. 3、动词宾语：此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。 　　例：Would you like to see my photos? 　　 　 Kevin planned to visit his uncle. 　　和plan用法一样的词还有：start, want, agree, hope, begin, decide等。 　　I found it very difficult to get a job. (it为形式宾语) 4、宾语补足语： 　　(1) 在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to。 　　例：I asked a friend to read it to me. (book4，L2) 　　(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词 (see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, make, let, have, help等) 后不带to。 　　例：They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room. 5、定语：动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。 　　例：I have something important to say. 6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明。 　　例：We are very glad to meet you again. 7、状语：表示目的、原因、程度等。 　　例：They brought in photos of their families for me to look at. 8、“疑问词+不定式”用法：不定式前可带what, who, which, where, when, how等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。 　　例：He didn’t tell me where to go. 巩固练习 一、单项选择 1．You must promise ________ others before I tell you. A．not to tell B．to tell C．not telling D．telling 2．It’s necessary for us ________ our classroom ________ every day. A．to keep; to clean B．to keeping; cleaning C．to keep; clean D．keeping; clean 3．I expect myself ________ the work in just a day. A．to finish B．finishes C．finished D．finishing 4．The old lady loves to watch the kids ________ basketball every evening. A．play B．played C．to play D．plays 5．— Where will you go for the coming summer vacation? — I plan ________ to Mount Tai. A．go B．will go C．to go D．going 6．My mother decided ________ to stay healthy every evening. A．dance B．dances C．to dance 7．I can’t wait ________ on holiday with my family. A．to go B．going C．go D．went 8．Our teacher tells us ________ in the street. It’s too dangerous. A．not play B．not playing C．not to play D．to not play 9． healthy, you should eat more vegetables and less fast food. A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Kept 10．It’s my first time _______ China. It’s so wonderful that I love it! A．visit B．to visit C．visiting D．visited 11．—If you need my help, please let me know. I will do anything I can ________ you. —No, thanks. I can do it all by myself. A．to support B．support C．supporting D．supported 12．We don’t allow ________ in the classroom, but we allow students ________ in the hallways. A．to sing; to sing B．singing; to sing C．to sing; singing 13．—Kunming is such a good place ________ for the old people in winter. —That’s real. The weather is neither too hot nor too cold. A．to live B．to live in C．live D．lives 14．It’s raining now. Remember ________ your raincoat. A．taking B．to take C．bring D．to bring 15．It’s important for him ________ the piano well. A．play B．to play C．playing D．plays 16．I had a fever. The doctor advised me ________ a good rest. A．have B．had C．having D．to have 17．—Do you always get up so early? —Yes. ________ the first bus. My home is far away from school. A．To catch B．Catching C．Caught D．Catches 18．It’s her first time ________ the winner. A．to be B．being C．be D．is 19．—What is Betty going to do this evening? —She wants ________ a movie. A．see B．to see C．seeing 20．________ their products more easily, many farmers put them online. A．Sell B．Selling C．To sell D．To selling 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．I think books can make a big (different) to us. 2．My father decided to give up (smoke) last week. 3．I wanted to thank them for all their (kind). 4．The kind woman always helps the (home) children. 5．After a few months of , the dog can help the disabled people in many ways. (train) 6．What made him (excite)? 7．My father promises (buy) me a model car if I pass the exam. 8．I’d like to invite each parent (bring) a book as a gift. 9．Jane, don’t forget (turn) off the TV before going out. 10．Our headmaster made a speech (演讲) at the (open) of the new school library. 11．This movie is very (interest). 12．The mother sang a beautiful song to make her baby (sleep). 13．The woman asked the man (reply) to her question. 14．David was able to the math problem with the help of me. (solution) 15．After several months’ (train), Mrs Lee is good at nursing the elderly. 16．When I help others, I will get a strong feeling of . (satisfy) 17．Our English teacher often encourages us (speak) English. 18．Some students have （difficult）in learning English. 19．“We should not laugh at the (disable) children,” the teacher said. 20．I used (spend) a lot of time playing games with my friends. 21．It is difficult (imagine) our lives without sun. 22．That factory plans to fashionable bags for women. (product) 23．People and animals all need food (live). 24．Benny wants to Daisy. (foolish) 25．The little boy is in trouble. Let’s do our best (help) him. 26．Last month, we (give) away ten books to the school library. 27．Mike looks (excite). What happened to him? 28．The girl has no friends, so she feels (lone). 29．Robert often asks us (help) with his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. 30．The ten-year-old boy seems (know) the answer to the question. 31．The policemen tried their best to find the (own) of the bag. 32．The nurse always looks after the sick with (kind). 33．It’s a little hot. Would you mind the window? (open) 34．After finishing his homework, he went on (read) the text. 35．I am afraid the life we are used to (change) a lot in 20 years. 三、语法填空 （A）Students Who Volunteer Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School ________(放弃) several hours each week to help others. Mario loves animals and wants to be an animal doctor. He v_________ at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. Mario believes it can help him _______(get) his future dream job. “It’s hard work,” he says, “but I want to learn more about how to ________（照顾） animals. I get such a strong _____(feel) of ________(满足) when I see the animals get _____(good) and the l______ of j______ on their o_____ faces.（主人）” Mary is a book lover. She could read by _____(her) _____the age of four. Last year, she decided to __________(参加…选拔)for a volunteer after-school reading program. She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. “The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different j________ with each new book. ________(Volunteer) here is a dream __________(实现) for me. I can do _______ I love to do and help others ________ the same time.” (B) Dear Miss Li, I'd like to thank you for _______(give) money to “Animal Helpers” ,I’m sure you know that this group was _______（建立）to help ___________(残疾的)people like me. You helped to make ______possible for me _______(have )Lucky. Lucky makes a big __________(different) to my life. Let me tell you my story. What would it be like to be b_________（瞎） or d______（聋）? Or _________(imagine) you can’t walk or use your hands ______(easy). Most people would never think about this, but many people have these _________(difficult),I can't use my arms or legs well, so n______ things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors or c______ things are difficult for me. Then one day last year, a friend of mine ______ me______. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special ______(train) dog. She also thought a dog might c_____me _____(鼓舞). I love animals and I was e________ about the idea of having a dog. After six months of t________ with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. My dog's name is Lucky---a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. You see,I'm only able to have a “dog-helper” because of your　_______(kind)! Lucky is very c_________ and u__________ many English words. He can understand me when I give him o______. For example, I say, “Lucky! get my book,” and he does it at once. Lucky is a f_______ dog. I'll send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps me. Thank you again for __________(change) my life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$