Unit 5 Good manners讲义 -2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

8BU5 【重点词汇】 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 打断（谈话），插嘴___________________ 2. 到处乱扔垃圾__________________ 3. 保持安静__________________ 4. 摘花__________________ 5. 让水龙头流淌__________________ 6. 遵守交通规则__________________ 7. 排队等候__________________ 8. 保持图书馆干净__________________ 9. 与某人握手__________________ 10. 通过亲吻的方式打招呼_____________ 11. 开始谈话__________________ 12. 在公共场所举止有礼貌_____________ 13. 在其他人前插队__________________ 14. 碰撞到某人__________________ 15. 挡道__________________ 16. 也， 还有__________________ 17. 从某人身边挤过去__________________ 18. 一直，经常__________________ 19. 压低声音__________________ 20. 偶然，意外地__________________ 21. 劳驾__________________ 22. 参加讨论__________________ 23. 清楚表达自己的意见_____________ 24. 所有要点__________________ 25. 独自__________________ 26. 忙于做某事__________________ 27. 使每个人大笑__________________ 28. 使某人安全免受危险_______________ 29. 警告某人不要做某事________________ 30. 不久__________________ 31. 为了成功__________________ 32. 冒险做某事__________________ 33. 餐桌礼仪__________________ 34. 首要的是__________________ 35. 举行关于的讲座__________________ 36. 一次、 每次__________________ 37. 向某人解释某事__________________ 38. 随意扔垃圾__________________ 39. 讲座的目的__________________ 40. 发出太大的声音__________________ 41. 从某人盘子上方取物_______________ 42. 确信、 确保________________ 【知识点详解】 知识点1：Second, don’t cut in on others. (P64)第二，不要打断其他人。 cut in (on sb./sth.) 打断（谈话），插嘴，如： She always cuts in when other people are talking. 【知识拓展】cut down cut off cut out 如： If you cut down all the trees you will ruin the land. I have decided to cut down my smoking. She cut off a small piece of bread and gave it to me. I cut this article out of the newspaper. 知识点2：Always wait politely. (P64)总是礼貌地等候。 polite adj. 有礼貌的 adj. 没有礼貌的 adv. 没有礼貌地 be polite to sb. 对…有礼貌 be rude to sb. 对…粗鲁 如：We should be polite to old people. 知识点3：leave the tap running (P65)水龙头一直在流 leave vt. (1)使…处于某种状态，the tap做宾语，现在分词running是宾语补足语。“leave sth. +宾语补足语”结构中，可用 等作宾语补足语。 ①现在分词作宾语补足语，如：What he said left me thinking deeply. ②形容词作宾语补足语，如： His illness left him weak. (2)离开; 脱离 离开…前往… 如：I’ll leave Nanjing for Beijing tomorrow. (3)遗忘; 丢下 如：I left the book at home. 注意：forget sth. 表示忘记某物，不强调地点，但在“leave sth.+地点”结构中强调 。如： Sorry, I forgot my English book. I left it at home. 知识点4：queue for your turn(P65)排队等待 (1) queue v. 意为“排队等候”如：We should queue up at the ticket office. n. 意为“队伍”。 短语in a queue意为“ ”，和 意思相近； jump the queue意为“ ”。 如：Why did you jump the queue just now? (2 )turn  顺序, 轮流  It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事, 如：It's your turn to make a decision.  轮流做某事： 如：The nurses took turns to attend the patient.  = The nurses looked after the patient in turn / by turns.  旋转 turn    关小  turn      开大 / 出现 turn      打开 turn      关(水源、 煤气、 电灯等) turn      上交  turn     (使……)成为……  变得 turn green / yellow  变绿/黄了 知识点5：I’m afraid not.(P65)我恐怕不是。 （1）I’m afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。如： I’m afraid I can’t stay. I’m afraid 之后可接 so 或 not，表示前面所提到的情况：表肯定时用 so；表否定时用 not。如： ---Will he come today? ---I’m afraid so (not). 此用法还有     （2） 表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid 之后可接    ，也可接    。如： She was afraid to tell (of telling) you. 她害怕告诉你。 She is afraid to go (of going) out alone late at night. 知识点6：Always keep the library clean.(P65)让图书馆总是保持清洁。 keep vt.意为“使……处于某种状态；保持”，常用于keep+宾语+宾语补足语。  (1) keep+宾语+    。如：  Keep the door open.   Keep the lights on. (2)keep+宾语+    。如：  Don’t keep your mother waiting.   (3)keep+宾语+    。如：  They must keep their hands behind their backs.  知识点7：What’s the proper way to greet people there, Jenny? (P66)简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？ (1)动词不定式to greet people there 作后置定语，修饰the proper way。如： I have a lot of homework to do. (2)the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事的方式或方法，如： It’s the best way of studying / to study English. There are different ways to do / of doing it. 【知识拓展】 in a way      on the way  by the way  in the way有时也可说成in sb's way  (3)greet sb欢迎某人 .用…问候某人  greetings名词，问候 知识点8：British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.(P66)英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。 (1)shake 过去式 ；过去分词 ；现在分词 常用短语：shake one’s hands握某人的手；shake hands with sb.与某人握手 wave one’s hands挥某人的手；wave to sb.向某人挥手 (2) hand vt. 常用短语：hand in hand out hand sb sth / hand sth to sb 知识点9：British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.(P66) 英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。 close ①vt/vi. 关闭;盖上;合上，反义词为 。如：She closed the door softly. ②adj. 近的,接近的(+ ) 。 如：His house is close to the factory. (关系)密切的,亲密的。如：She is a close friend of theirs. ③adv. 接近,靠近地(+ )。如：They live close to the museum. 紧密地,紧紧地。 如：Anna followed close behind. 知识点10：But please avoid subjects like age, weight, music, books or something else. (P66) 但是请避免像年龄、体重、音乐、书籍或是其他的话题。 avoid vt.后接 或 做宾语，意为避免做某事。如： We should do everything carefully to avoid making mistakes. 知识点11：Do people there behave politely in public?(P66)那里的人会在公共场合举止文明吗？ (1)behave vt/vi.表现 名词形式 behavior 表现；行为，举止 (2)public n.民众，群体； adj.公共的，公开的。如： The public like watching films like this. Please pay more attention to the public signs when walking in the street. in public公开地，在别人面前。如： Don’t speak loudly in public. 知识点12：They think it’s rude to push in before others.(P66)他们认为在其他人面前插话是很粗鲁的。 (1)rude adj.粗鲁的；名词rudeness; 反义词polite 常用短语：be rude to 对…粗鲁，如： We shouldn’t be rude to anyone. (2)push v.推，反义词为pull，v.拉 常用短语：push in,插队，加塞；插嘴 push on继续前进 pull up 拔，拔起 知识点13：Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they’ll say “sorry”.(P67)同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。 bump into 撞上，碰上 【知识拓展】 into落入，陷入 into撞上，碰上 into破门而入，非法进入 …into把…变成… 知识点14：Help explain things and give us useful information. (P72)帮助解释事情并给我们有用的信息。 explain vt./vi. 及物动词的用法为 explain to sb. sth. 或 explain sth. to sb. 即不能直接跟双宾语，在表人的间接宾语前，后需加介词 。如： He explained to me the difficult maths problem. = He explained the difficult maths problem to me. 知识点15：warn us against something (P72)提醒我们地方某些可能发生的事情 warn vt. 警告，提醒 warn用法如下： ①warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）干某事。如： He warned us not to stay up late. ②warn sb. that+从句 They called and warned me that they might be late. ③warn sb. of/about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。如： He warned the danger of the car accident. ④warn sb against doing sth警告某人不要做某事。如：The doctor warned him against smoking. 　 知识点16：Sorry, I didn’t notice that sign just now. (P73)对不起，我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。 notice vt. 意为"注意到,留心,看到"。 常用于notice sb. do sth.; notice sb. doing sth.结构中。如： Did you notice Jack come in? Did you notice his hand shaking? notice n. 意为"布告,公告,启事",是 。如： There is a notice on the office gate saying "No Parking". 作名词常用的词组有： ①take notice of sb./sth.意为"注意某人/某物"。如: Take notice of what they say. ②take no notice of sb./sth.意为"不理会某人/某物"。如: Take no notice of his angry words-he is not well. 知识点17：Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life. (P74)每个人都将会在他们的一生中走运或是成功。 (1) adj. 成功的 adv. 成功地 n. 成功。 vi.成功； 如：His success makes me want to be successful in the near future. We all want to succeed.  常用短语：be successful at sth. = = (2)sometime adv.在某时 sometimes/ some times/ sometime/ some time辨析 基本含义 记忆口诀 sometimes sometimes/some times： 相聚是“有时”；分开是“几次” some times sometime sometime/some time： 相聚是“某时”；分开是“一段” some time 如：Tom goes to school on foot, but sometimes by bike. Our school is some times larger than theirs. Mary will be back sometime in October. I’ll stay here for some time. 知识点18：Risk losing everything all at one time.(P74)曾经冒险做失去一切的风险。 risk vt.冒…的危险; 使…冒风险（或面临危险）;  常用短语：risk sth /doing sth 冒…什么危险/冒险做某事。如： He risked walking alone in the dark. risk n.危险，冒险;  常用短语： at risk 在危险中 at the risk of 冒...之险; 不顾...之风险 run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事。如： We’d better not run the risk of catching a cold by walking without an umbrella in the rain. 知识点19: a friend in need is a friend indeed(P75) 患难见真情 need n. in need需要 in need of 需要…. in great need 急需 in great need of... 急需... 如：I’m in great need of rest. v. 一)作 ①need作情态动词无人称或数的变化， 后接动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：You needn't worry. ②由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to;否定答语常用needn't. 如： —Need I answer the question? —Yes, you must. /Yes, you have to. /No, you needn't. ③由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定答语用needn't或don't have to。 如： —Must I do the work now? —Yes, you must /have to. /No, you needn't /don't have to. 二）作 need 作为行为动词有人称和数的变化， 后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带to 的动词不定式；可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中，如： She needs help. I don't need to see the doctor. —Do you need to go at once? —Yes, I do. /—No, I don't. 知识点20：Just as the saying goes. (P75)正如谚语所说。 (1) as用法小结 1）作 ，引导方式状语从句，意为“像；按照”。 如： You must do everything as I asked you to. 2）作 ，表示“作为； 当作”。如： As a party member, I must be strict with myself．  3）作 ，引导时间状语从句。意为“当……的时候”。 如： She sings as she walks．  4）用于一些固定搭配。如： ① as ．．． as．．． The dress is twice as expensive as that．  ②as well as    On Sunday, his landlady provided dinner as well as breakfast． ③ such．．．as  ；such as  。如： Such simple actions as eating drinking become difficult． I bought a lot of fruits, such as apples, oranges, bananas and so on．  （2）saying谚语 常见的谚语有： Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 No pains, no gains.不劳无获。 Burn the candles at both ends.操劳过度。 The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。 It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。 It rains cats and dogs. 大雨磅礴。 Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。 Every dog has its day.人人都有得意日。 Put all your eggs in one basket.孤注一掷。 The grass is always greener than the other side.这山看着那山高。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。 East or west, home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。 Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。 It's never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 知识点21：These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. (P77) 这些规矩很重要，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在桌子旁都很舒服。 make sure用法 make sure表示“弄确实；核实；查证”。 make sure常用于祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。 Make sure （that）从句意为“弄明白；确信”。 Make sure  of   代词/名词，意思也是“弄明白；确信”。如：— Make sure of his coming before you set off.  — I make sure (that) he would come.  be sure的用法 对be sure的用法常感困惑不解，现将其主要用法归纳如下。 1． be sure＋of／about + ，意为“确信……”；“对……有把握”。 但在接 时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑； 而be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。 例如：He is sure of success．  若后面要接 ，则只能用be sure of，即be sure of oneself，意为“有自信心”。例如： Joan will sit for an important examination next week，but she is not sure of herself．   2．be sure 不定式，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，认为句子主语“必定”、“必然会”、“准会”如何如何。如：It is sure to rain． He is sure to have known about that． 但be sure to do用在 中，不是表示判断，而是表示对对方的要求，意为“务必要”，“一定要”。如：Be sure not to forget it！ Be sure not to do that again． 2． be sure 宾语从句，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断，意为“确信某事一定会……”。 如：I'm not sure whether I've met him before 【同步例题分析】 例1.John couldn't stop smoking, but at least he's managed to cut ______. A. up B. down C. off D. on 例2. What's the meaning of the American expression 'cutting class' at school? 　　A. taking extra classes B. failing an exam C. deliberately(故意) not going to school D. becoming a teacher 例3. Mrs Zhao doesn’t know what time it is because she has ____her watch in the hotel. A. stayed B. forgot C. left D. took 例4. ----I’m afraid his radio is too noisy. Will you please ____ him to ____? ----Sure. A. make; turn it off B. allow; turn it on C. ask; turn it down D. keep; turn it up 例5. The little boy ____ the wall and hurt his leg. A. fell of B. fall from C. fell off D. fall down 例6. I often ____ my friends but seldom write back to them because I’m too busy. A. hear of B. hear about C. hear from D. hear 例7. You should ____ your voice. A. keep out B. keep down C. keep fit D. keep silence 例8.It is 　of you to wait for your turn every time. A polite; polite B politely; politely C polite; politely D politely; polite 例9.When the fire ________in the movies, the people lost their heads and ran in all directions. A. broke in　　 B. broke up　C. broke out　　D. broke into 例10. ---I heard Tony was ill in hospital. ---I’ m afraid . I will go to see him at once.. A. so B. not C. that D. it 【课堂检测】 一、单选 1.To getting wet, you should not stand near buses on rainy days. A. enjoy B. avoid C. practice D. love 2. ,can you tell me the way to the zoo? A. Sorry B. Excuse me C. That’s OK D. All right 3. Simon waited his parents came back last night. A. because B. while C. since D. till 4. They think rude to laugh at people in trouble. A. that B. this C. its D. it 5. They play all kinds of instruments and sing ____.      A. also     B. either      C. as well       D. as well as   6.  You feel ____ you did yesterday, don't you？   A. as good as       B. as well      C. so good      D. as well as   7. Which of the following sentences is right？      A. Both father and as well as mother love me.     B. Father as well as mother loves me.      C. Both father as well as mother loves me.      D. Not only father but also mother love me.   8. Mrs. Black writes ____, if not better than her husband.      A. as well as     B. so well   C. so well as     D. as well 二、完成句子 1. 管理实验室的正确方式是什么？ What is manage a lab? 2. 他会和你握手的。 He will you. 3. 为了避免迟到，你要早起。 You should get up early to . 4. 咱们阻止他加塞吧。 Let’s stop him from . 5. 我昨晚看见了一辆汽车撞上了一棵树。 I saw a car a tree last night. 6. 开始永远不会太迟。 It’s start. 7. 你足够大了，可以上学了。 You are school. 8. 爸爸叫他不要打断别人说话。 Father tells him . 9. 不要在街上乱扔垃圾。 Don’t . 10．你要学会按次序排队等候。 You should learn to . 课后作业 1、 单项选择 1. There was a big stone my way my way home yesterday. A. at; by B. in; by C. on; in D. in; on 2. Anna dances , if not better than, Lily. A. so well B. as well as C. so well as D. as well 3. Tom's mother is too busy housework him with his homework. A. doing; to help B. to do; to help C. doing; helping D. to do; helping 4. —He's already been back from Australia, ? — . He is on a visit to Shanghai. A. isn't he; No B. hasn't he; Yes C. isn't he; Yes D. hasn't he; No 5. This exercise is difficult . A. so; that few of us can do B. so; that many of us can do C. too; for any one of us to do D. too; for any one of us to do it 6. The tent is for a family of three . A. big enough; to live B. enough big; to live in it C. big enough; to live in D. enough big; live in 7. My grandpa is studying computers. He says he's learn new things. A. so late to B. old enough to C. too old to D. never too old to 8. 一What a rain! 一It has rained since last night. A. heavily; heavy B. hardly; hard C. heavy; heavily D. hard; hardly 9. The purpose of new inventions is to make life easier, it more difficult. A. not to make B. not making C. not make D. to not make 10. 一 turn is it to make our daily speech today? 一It's time for me to speak today, Mrs Lin. A. Whose B. What C. Which D. Where 11. 一Just a minute, Tom. Is this the report you need to hand in today? 一Oh, yes, Mum. I thought I had put in my schoolbag. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything 12. 一It's British people to queue for their turns. 一That's true. It's rude to push in before others in Britain. A. good of B. good for C. bad of D. bad for 13. 一We should give the elderly there as much help as we can. 一I agree. , we should keep in touch with them as often as we can. A. As a result B. Above all C. In all D. At all 14. 一Mr Green has decided to try a third time. 一I admire him very much. He isn't the kind of man who easily. A. gets up B. wakes up C. gives up D. opens up 15. 一Let's do more exercises for the coming Maths competition. 一Good idea. As an old saying goes, “ .” A. Many hands make light work B. The early bird catches the worm C. Practice makes perfect D. It's never too old to learn 16. — Would you like to attend the farewell party next week, Mr Huang? — Sure, I’d love to. I have no reason to your invitation. A. turn down B. turn off C. turn off D. turn on 17.We feel like _____ some food and drink because we’ll invite some friends ___ in a party. A.buying; to join B. to buy; joining C. buying; join D. to buy; to join 18.He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, _____? A. is he B. isn’t he C. can’t he D. can he 19.We usually have the first class _____ 8:00 in the morinig. A. of B. in C.on D. at 20.His opinions are similar ____ yours but different ____ Julia’s. A. to, from B. from; to C. as; with D. with; as 21.Simon waited _____ his parents came back last night. A. because B. while C. since D. till 22.— I promise I will work harder this term, Miss Li. — Well, just as the saying goes, “__________.”I do hope that you will act soon, A. It never rains but pours. B. Many hands make light work. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 23. — Is it possible for David to win first prize in the running race? —______. He needs to practice more. A. Bad luck B. I hope not C.I’m afraid not D. I don’t agree with you 24.—Would you please not speak so loudly in ____ public? — Sorry. I wil remember to speak in ____ lower voice. A. the;a B. /;a C. the;the D. /;/ 25.— He never tells us he can make model planes. — In fact he can and often wins in the competition. _____________ A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Many hands make light work. C. No pain, no gain. D. The early bird catches the worm. 2、 填空 1.The boy wants to choose one of his favourite (话题)to talk about. 2.Mrs Lin spent about 10 minutes (解释) the long sentence. 3.The books on the shelf are those (客人). 4. —How well you’er playing the piano! — Thank you. But I still need more ________(训练)to win the piano competition. 5.It’s bad ______(礼仪)to speak loudly in the library. 6.We have ________(相似的)hobbies and interests. 7.Can you see the ______ (通知)on the blackboard. 8.I always listen to their _______(谈话)carefully. 9.You’re too thin. You’re not eating _____ (proper) 10. Don’t talk ______ (loud) in the hospital. 11.We should speak to the old as (patient) as possible, young man. 12.We Chinese often greet each other by (shake) hands. 13.He was too nervous in the meeting (express) himself clearly. 14.After a long (discuss), we decided to have a school trip next week. 15.The more communication we have, the (close) we feel. 16.The more ______(polite) you ask people for help, the more willing they are to help you. 三、完成句子 1. 英国人通常避免和你谈论钱和年龄的问题，美国人也一样。 British people usually _______________ money and age with you. Americans avoid these subjects _____________. 2. 他总是太马虎，注意不到周围的情况。 He is always __________________________________. 3. 老师已经把这个问题解释得够清楚了，我们都理解了。 The teacher has ________ the problem _____________for us________________. 4. 正如谚语所说：“活到老学到老” _______________, “one is ____________________” 5. 这只猴子足够聪明，用毛毯把火扑灭了。 The monkey was ____________ to __________ the fire with a blanket. 四、完形填空 I was always busy and had too many things to do. Whenever my daughter caused me to change my plans, I thought to myself, "We don't have time for this." So the two words I always said to her were: 16 . The other day, the two of us rode to a 17 near our home. After shopping I bought her an ice cream, and she sat down at a table happily admiring the ice cream in her hand. Suddenly a 18 look appeared on her face. "Do I have to eat it up in a hurry, Mum?" I nearly cried when hearing this─the pains of a hurried life influenced(影响)my poor girl so deeply! As she looked at me waiting to know if she could 19 her time, I knew I had to make a 20 . I thought of the times when I rushed(催促)my child through life. I began 21 what really matters in life.... "You don't have to hurry. Just enjoy it, " I said gently. Her whole face brightened and her shoulders 22 . We sat side by side talking about things that interested us. When she got to the last bite(一口), she held it out to me. "I 23 the last bite for you, Mum, " she said 24 . As the icy taste put out my thirst, I realized I just got the present of a lifetime. I gave child a little time... and in turn, she gave me the last bite and 25 me that things taste sweeter and love is easier to get when you stop rushing through life. 1.A. Keep quiet B. Take care C. Hurry up D. Work hard 2.A. station B. school C. office D. supermarket 3.A. worried B. tired C. satisfied D. surprised 4.A. waste B. take C. spend D. spare 5.A. mark B. plan C. wish D. choice 6.A. explaining B. forgetting C. discussing D. wondering 7.A. lifted B. relaxed C. turned D. raised 8.A. bought B. carried C. saved D. tasted 9.A. cheerfully B. calmly C. sadly D. wisely 10.A. supported B. promised C. reminded D. thanked 参考答案 【重点词汇】 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.cut in on sb./ sth. 打断（谈话），插嘴 2.drop litter everywhere 到处乱扔垃圾 3.keep quiet 保持安静 4.pick flowers 摘花 5.leave the tap running 让水龙头流淌 6.obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则 7.queue for one’s turn 排队等候 8.keep the library clean 保持图书馆干净 9.shake sb’s hand = shake hands with sb. 与某人握手 10.greet sb. with a kiss 通过亲吻的方式打招呼 11.start a conversation 开始谈话 12.behave politely in public 在公共场所举止有礼貌 13.push in before others 在其他人前插队 14.bump into sb. 碰撞到某人 15.in one’s way 挡道 16.as well 也， 还有 17.push past sb. 从某人身边挤过去 18.all the time 一直，经常 19.keep one’s voice down 压低声音 20.by accident 偶然，意外地 21.excuse me 劳驾 22.join the discussion 参加讨论 23.express oneself clearly 清楚表达自己的意见 24.all the main points 所有要点 25.on one’s own 独自 26.by busy with sth .= be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 27.make everyone laugh 使每个人大笑 28.keep sb. safe from danger 使某人安全免受危险 29.warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事 30.soon after 不久 31.in order to be successful 为了成功 32.risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 33.table manners 餐桌礼仪 34.above all 首要的是 35.hold a talk on 举行关于 的讲座 36.at a time 一次、 每次 37.explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 38.drop litter carelessly 随意扔垃圾 39.purpose of the talk 讲座的目的 40.make too much noise 发出太大的声音 41.reach over one’s plate for sth. 从某人盘子上方取物 42.make sure 确信、 确保 【知识点详解】 知识点1：Second, don’t cut in on others. (P64)第二，不要打断其他人。 cut in (on sb./sth.) 打断（谈话），插嘴，如： She always cuts in when other people are talking. 【知识拓展】cut down砍倒；减少, 削减 cut off切断，割断，剪断 cut out切去,切除；剪下 如： If you cut down all the trees you will ruin the land. I have decided to cut down my smoking. She cut off a small piece of bread and gave it to me. I cut this article out of the newspaper. 批注（选讲）： n．伤口，划口 如：Using sharp scissors make a small cut in the material. 知识点2：Always wait politely. (P64)总是礼貌地等候。 polite adj. 有礼貌的 impolite adj. 没有礼貌的 politely adv. 没有礼貌地 be polite to sb. 对…有礼貌 be rude to sb. 对…粗鲁 如：We should be polite to old people. 知识点3：leave the tap running (P65)水龙头一直在流 leave vt. (1)使…处于某种状态，the tap做宾语，现在分词running是宾语补足语。“leave sth. +宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词等作宾语补足语。 ①现在分词作宾语补足语，如：What he said left me thinking deeply. ②形容词作宾语补足语，如： His illness left him weak. (2)离开; 脱离 leave…for…离开…前往… 如：I’ll leave Nanjing for Beijing tomorrow. (3)遗忘; 丢下 leave sth.+地点 如：I left the book at home. 注意：forget sth. 表示忘记某物，不强调地点，但在“leave sth.+地点”结构中强调地点。如： Sorry, I forgot my English book. I left it at home. 批注（选讲）： ①过去分词作宾语补足语，如： The moving story left him unmoved. ②副词作宾语补足语，如： What has left him away for so long? ③介词作宾语补足语，如： This matter left her without a way of hope. 知识点4：queue for your turn(P65)排队等待 (1) queue v. 意为“排队等候”如：We should queue up at the ticket office. n. 意为“队伍”。短语in a queue意为“成一排（队、行列）”，和in line意思相近； jump the queue意为“插队”。 如：Why did you jump the queue just now? (2 )turn n. 顺序, 轮流  It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事, 如：It's your turn to make a decision.  take one's turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns轮流做某事， 如：The nurses took turns to attend the patient. =The nurses looked after the patient in turn / by turns.  vt.旋转 turn down  关小  turn up 开大 / 出现 turn on 打开 turn off 关(水源、 煤气、 电灯等) turn in 上交  turn ... into ... (使……)成为…… linking-V. 变得 turn green / yellow  变绿/黄了 知识点5：I’m afraid not.(P65)我恐怕不是。 （1）I’m afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。如： I’m afraid I can’t stay. I’m afraid 之后可接 so 或 not，表示前面所提到的情况：表肯定时用 so；表否定时用 not。如： ---Will he come today? ---I’m afraid so (not). 此用法还有I think so./ I don’t think so. I hope so./I hope not. （3） 表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid 之后可接不定式，也可接of doing sth。如： She was afraid to tell (of telling) you. 她害怕告诉你。 She is afraid to go (of going) out alone late at night. 批注（选讲）：但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。如： She is afraid of falling behind the others. She didn’t tell him because she was afraid of making him worried. 知识点6：Always keep the library clean.(P65)让图书馆总是保持清洁。 keep vt.意为“使……处于某种状态；保持”，常用于keep+宾语+宾语补足语。  (1) keep+宾语+形容词/副词。如：  Keep the door open.   Keep the lights on. (2)keep+宾语+现在分词。如：  Don’t keep your mother waiting.   (3)keep+宾语+介词短语。如：  They must keep their hands behind their backs.  linking-V. 后常接形容词作表语，意为“保持；继续(处于某种状态)”。  如：  You must look after yourself and keep healthy.  知识点7：What’s the proper way to greet people there, Jenny? (P66)简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？ (1)动词不定式to greet people there 作后置定语，修饰the proper way。如： I have a lot of homework to do. (2)the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事的方式或方法，如： It’s the best way of studying / to study English. There are different ways to do / of doing it. 【知识拓展】 in a way在一定程度上，从某方面说 on the way在路上 by the way顺便说，顺便问 in the way有时也可说成in sb's way挡路，碍事 (3)greet sb欢迎某人 greet sb. with sth.用…问候某人 greetings名词，问候 知识点8：British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.(P66)英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。 (1)shake 过去式shook；过去分词shaken；现在分词shaking 常用短语：shake one’s hands握某人的手；shake hands with sb.与某人握手 wave one’s hands挥某人的手；wave to sb.向某人挥手 (2) hand vt. 常用短语：hand in 上交，交上去(给老师或上级) hand out 散发，分发 hand sb sth / hand sth to sb 把某物递给某人 知识点9：British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.(P66) 英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。 close ①vt/vi.关闭;盖上;合上，反义词为open。如：She closed the door softly. ②adj.近的,接近的(+to) 。 如：His house is close to the factory. (关系)密切的,亲密的。如：She is a close friend of theirs. ③adv. 接近,靠近地(+to)。如：They live close to the museum. 紧密地,紧紧地。 如：Anna followed close behind. 批注（选讲）：closed adj. 关闭的，反义词为open。如：He likes sleeping with the window closed. 知识点10：But please avoid subjects like age, weight, music, books or something else. (P66) 但是请避免像年龄、体重、音乐、书籍或是其他的话题。 avoid vt.后接名词或动名词做宾语，意为避免做某事。如： We should do everything carefully to avoid making mistakes. 知识点11：Do people there behave politely in public?(P66)那里的人会在公共场合举止文明吗？ (1)behave vt/vi.表现 名词形式 behavior 表现；行为，举止 (2)public n.民众，群体； adj.公共的，公开的。如： The public like watching films like this. Please pay more attention to the public signs when walking in the street. in public公开地，在别人面前。如： Don’t speak loudly in public. 知识点12：They think it’s rude to push in before others.(P66)他们认为在其他人面前插话是很粗鲁的。 (1)rude adj.粗鲁的；名词rudeness; 反义词polite 常用短语：be rude to 对…粗鲁，如： We shouldn’t be rude to anyone. (2)push v.推，反义词为pull，v.拉 常用短语：push in,插队，加塞；插嘴 push on继续前进 pull up 拔，拔起 知识点13：Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they’ll say “sorry”.(P67)同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。 bump into 撞上，碰上 【知识拓展】 fall into落入，陷入 run into撞上，碰上 break into破门而入，非法进入 turn…into把…变成… 知识点14：Help explain things and give us useful information. (P72)帮助解释事情并给我们有用的信息。 explain vt./vi. 及物动词的用法为 explain to sb. sth. 或 explain sth. to sb. 即不能直接跟双宾语，在表人的间接宾语前，后需加介词 to。如： He explained to me the difficult maths problem. = He explained the difficult maths problem to me. 批注：explain, introduce和borrow用法一样，只能用介词引出“间接宾语”：explain sth. to sb；introduce A to B； borrow sth. from sb. 如果这个sth.较长（比如带个定语或本身就是一个名词性从句），为了句子的平衡，可将其后置成为：explain to sb. sth. (+定语），或explain to sb. that-从句。 不要将其和普通的双宾动词如give等混淆。give有两种说法: give sth. to sb. =give sb. sth. 知识点15：warn us against something (P72)提醒我们地方某些可能发生的事情 warn vt. 警告，提醒 第三人称单数：warns 过去分词：warned 现在分词：warning 过去式：warned warn用法如下： ①warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）干某事。如： He warned us not to stay up late. ②warn sb. that+从句 They called and warned me that they might be late. ③warn sb. of/about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。如： He warned the danger of the car accident. ④warn sb against doing sth警告某人不要做某事。如：The doctor warned him against smoking. warning n.警告，提醒。如： To give a warning, he waved his hands quickly. 　 知识点16：Sorry, I didn’t notice that sign just now. (P73)对不起，我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。 notice vt. 意为"注意到,留心,看到"。常用于notice sb. do sth.; notice sb. doing sth.结构中。如： Did you notice Jack come in? Did you notice his hand shaking? notice n. 意为"布告,公告,启事",是可数名词。如： There is a notice on the office gate saying "No Parking". 作名词常用的词组有： ①take notice of sb./sth.意为"注意某人/某物"。如: Take notice of what they say. ②take no notice of sb./sth.意为"不理会某人/某物"。如: Take no notice of his angry words-he is not well. 知识点17：Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life. (P74)每个人都将会在他们的一生中走运或是成功。 (1)successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 success n. 成功。succeed vi.成功； 如：His success makes me want to be successful in the near future. We all want to succeed.  常用短语：be successful at sth. =do sth. successfully= succeed in sth./ doing sth. (2)sometime adv.在某时 sometimes/ some times/ sometime/ some time辨析 基本含义 记忆口诀 sometimes 有时 sometimes/some times： 相聚是“有时”；分开是“几次” some times 几次；几倍 sometime 在某时 sometime/some time： 相聚是“某时”；分开是“一段” some time 一段时间 如：Tom goes to school on foot, but sometimes by bike. Our school is some times larger than theirs. Mary will be back sometime in October. I’ll stay here for some time. 知识点18：Risk losing everything all at one time.(P74)曾经冒险做失去一切的风险。 risk vt.冒…的危险; 使…冒风险（或面临危险）;  第三人称单数：risks 过去分词：risked 现在分词：risking 过去式：risked 常用短语：risk sth /doing sth 冒…什么危险/冒险做某事。如： He risked walking alone in the dark. risk n.危险，冒险;  常用短语： at risk 在危险中 at the risk of 冒...之险; 不顾...之风险 run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事。如： We’d better not run the risk of catching a cold by walking without an umbrella in the rain. 知识点19: a friend in need is a friend indeed(P75) 患难见真情 need n. in need需要 in need of 需要…. in great need 急需 in great need of... 急需... 如：I’m in great need of rest. v. 一)作情态动词 ①need作情态动词无人称或数的变化， 后接动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中。如：You needn't worry. ②由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to;否定答语常用needn't. 如： —Need I answer the question? —Yes, you must. /Yes, you have to. /No, you needn't. ③由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定答语用needn't或don't have to。如： —Must I do the work now? —Yes, you must /have to. /No, you needn't /don't have to. 二）作行为动词 need 作为行为动词有人称和数的变化， 后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带to 的动词不定式；可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中，如： She needs help. I don't need to see the doctor. —Do you need to go at once? —Yes, I do. /—No, I don't. 知识点20：Just as the saying goes. (P75)正如谚语所说。 (1) as用法小结 1）作连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像；按照”。 如： You must do everything as I asked you to. 2）作介词，表示“作为； 当作”。如： As a party member, I must be strict with myself．  3）作连词，引导时间状语从句。意为“当……的时候”。 如： She sings as she walks．  4）用于一些固定搭配。如： ① as ．．． as．．． 与……相同的程度； 与……等同 The dress is twice as expensive as that．  ②as well as 同（一样也）；和；还 。如： On Sunday, his landlady provided dinner as well as breakfast． ③ such．．．as 像……这样的；such as 例如。如： Such simple actions as eating drinking become difficult． I bought a lot of fruits, such as apples, oranges, bananas and so on．  （2）saying谚语 常见的谚语有： Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 No pains, no gains.不劳无获。 Burn the candles at both ends.操劳过度。 The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。 It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。 It rains cats and dogs. 大雨磅礴。 Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。 Every dog has its day.人人都有得意日。 Put all your eggs in one basket.孤注一掷。 The grass is always greener than the other side.这山看着那山高。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。 East or west, home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。 Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。 It's never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 知识点21：These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. (P77) 这些规矩很重要，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在桌子旁都很舒服。 make sure用法 make sure表示“弄确实；核实；查证”。make sure常用于祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。Make sure   that从句意为“弄明白；确信”。Make sure   of   代词/名词，意思也是“弄明白；确信”。如：— Make sure of his coming before you set off. — I make sure (that) he would come.  be sure的用法 对be sure的用法常感困惑不解，现将其主要用法归纳如下。 1．be sure＋of／about 动名词或名词，意为“确信……”；“对……有把握”。但在接名词时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；而be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。例如：He is sure of success．  若后面要接反身代词，则只能用be sure of，即be sure of oneself，意为“有自信心”。例如： Joan will sit for an important examination next week，but she is not sure of herself．   2．be sure 不定式，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，认为句子主语“必定”、“必然会”、“准会”如何如何。如：It is sure to rain． He is sure to have known about that． 但be sure to do用在祈使句中，不是表示判断，而是表示对对方的要求，意为“务必要”，“一定要”。如：Be sure not to forget it！ Be sure not to do that again． 3．be sure 宾语从句，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断，意为“确信某事一定会……”。如：I'm not sure whether I've met him before 【同步例题分析】BCCCA; CBCCA 【课堂检测】 单选 1-5 BBDDC 6-8 DBA 翻译句子1. the right way to 2.shake hands with 3 avoid being late 4.behaves politely in public 5. bump into 6. never too late to 7.old enough to go to 8.not to cut in on others 9.drop litter in the street 10. queue for your turn 课后作业 单选DBABC; CDCAA; AABCC; AADDA; DCCBA 填空subjects；explaining；guests’；practice；manners；similar；notice；conversation；improperly；loudly；patient；shaking；To express；discussion；closer；politely 完成句子 avoid talking about; as well too careless to notice around explained ; clearly enough; to understand just as the saying goes; never too old to learn clever enough; put out 完形填空CDABD;DBCAC $$