Unit 5 Good manners 课件 2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

8B U5 Good Manners 1 目录 01 02 重点词汇 知识点详解 03 同步例题分析 2 重点词组 3 重点词汇 1.打断(谈话),插嘴 2 到处乱扔垃圾 3. 保持安静 4. 摘花 5 让水龙头流淌 6. 遵守交通规则 7. 排队等候 8.保持图书馆干净 9. 与某人握手 10.通过亲吻的方式打招呼 11. 开始谈话 12.在公共场所举止有礼貌 13. 在其他人前插队 14. 碰撞到某人 15挡道 16. 也, 还有 17. 从某人身边挤过去 18.一直,经常 19. 压低声音 20. 偶然,意外地 cut in on sb./ sth. .drop litter everywhere keep quiet pick flowers leave the tap running obey traffic rules queue for one’s turn keep the library clean shake sb’s hand = shake hands with sb. greet sb. with a kiss start a conversation behave politely in public push in before others bump into sb. in one’s way as well push past sb. all the time keep one’s voice down by accident 4 21. 劳驾 22. 参加讨论 23. 清楚表达自己的意见 24. 所有要点 25. 独自 26. 忙于做某事 27. 使每个人大笑 28.使某人安全免受危险 29.警告某人不要做某事 30.不久 31. 为了成功 32.冒险做某事 33. 餐桌礼仪 34. 首要的是 35. 举行关于 的讲座 36.一次、 每次 37.向某人解释某事 38. 随意扔垃圾 39. 讲座的目的 40.发出太大的声音 41. 从某人盘子上方取物 42. 确信、 确保 excuse me join the discussion express oneself clearly all the main points on one’s own by busy with sth .= be busy doing sth. make everyone laugh keep sb. safe from danger warn sb. not to do sth. soon after in order to be successful risk doing sth. table manners above all hold a talk on at a time explain sth. to sb. drop litter carelessly purpose of the talk make too much noise reach over one’s plate for sth. make sure 二、知识点梳理 6 知识点1:Second, don’t cut in on others. (P64) 第二,不要打断其他人。 cut in (on sb./sth.) 打断(谈话),插嘴,如: She always cuts in when other people are talking. 【知识拓展】 cut down cut off cut out 如: If you cut down all the trees you will ruin the land. I have decided to cut down my smoking. She cut off a small piece of bread and gave it to me. I cut this article out of the newspaper. 砍倒;减少, 削减 切断,割断,剪断 切去,切除;剪下 7 知识点2:Always wait politely. (P64)总是礼貌地等候。 polite adj. 有礼貌的 adj. 没有礼貌的 adv. 没有礼貌地 be polite to sb. 对…有礼貌 be rude to sb. 对…粗鲁 如:We should be polite to old people. impolite politely 知识点3:leave the tap running (P65)水龙头一直在流 leave vt. (1)使…处于某种状态,the tap做宾语,现在分词running是宾语补足语。“leave sth. +宾语补足语”结构中,可用 等作宾语补足语。 ①现在分词作宾语补足语,如:What he said left me thinking deeply. ②形容词作宾语补足语,如: His illness left him weak. (2)离开; 脱离 离开…前往… 如:I’ll leave Nanjing for Beijing tomorrow. (3)遗忘; 丢下 如:I left the book at home. 注意:forget sth. 表示忘记某物,不强调地点,但在“leave sth.+地点”结构中强调 。如: Sorry, I forgot my English book. I left it at home. 形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词 leave…for… leave sth.+地点 地点 批注(选讲): ①过去分词作宾语补足语,如: The moving story left him unmoved. ②副词作宾语补足语,如: What has left him away for so long? ③介词作宾语补足语,如: This matter left her without a way of hope. 知识点4:queue for your turn(P65)排队等待 (1)queue v. 意为“排队等候”如:We should queue up at the ticket office. n. 意为“队伍”。 短语in a queue意为“ ”, 和 意思相近; jump the queue意为“ ”。 如:Why did you jump the queue just now? (2 )turn n. 顺序, 轮流 It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事, 如:It's your turn to make a decision. 轮流做某事: 如:The nurses took turns to attend the patient. = The nurses looked after the patient in turn / by turns. 成一排(队、行列) in line 插队 take one's turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns turn down 关小 turn up 开大 / 出现 turn on 打开 turn off 关(水源、 煤气、 电灯等) turn in 上交 turn into (使……)成为…… 10 知识点5:I’m afraid not.(P65)我恐怕不是。 (1)I’m afraid意为“恐怕”,主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。如: I’m afraid I can’t stay. I’m afraid 之后可接 so 或 not,表示前面所提到的情况:表肯定时用 so;表否定时用 not。如: -Will he come today? -I’m afraid so (not). 此用法还有 (2)表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”,be afraid 之后可接 ,也可接 。如: She was afraid to tell (of telling) you. 她害怕告诉你。 She is afraid to go (of going) out alone late at night. I think so./ I don’t think so. I hope so./I hope not. 不定式 of doing sth 批注(选讲):但若要表示担心可能会发生某事,则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。如: She is afraid of falling behind the others. She didn’t tell him because she was afraid of making him worried. 11 知识点6:Always keep the library clean.(P65)让图书馆总是保持清洁。 keep vt.意为“使……处于某种状态;保持”,常用于keep+宾语+宾语补足语。 (1) keep+宾语+ 。如: Keep the door open. Keep the lights on. (2)keep+宾语+ 。如: Don’t keep your mother waiting. (3)keep+宾语+ 。如: They must keep their hands behind their backs. 形容词/副词 现在分词 介词短语 知识点7:What’s the proper way to greet people there, Jenny? (P66)简妮,问候那里的人合适的方法是什么? (1)动词不定式to greet people there 作后置定语,修饰the proper way。如: I have a lot of homework to do. (2)the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事的方式或方法,如: It’s the best way of studying / to study English. There are different ways to do / of doing it. 【知识拓展】 in a way on the way by the way in the way有时也可说成in sb's way (3)greet sb欢迎某人 .用…问候某人 greetings名词,问候 在一定程度上,从某方面说 在路上 顺便说,顺便问 挡路,碍事 知识点8:British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.(P66)英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。 (1)shake 过去式 ;过去分词 ;现在分词 常用短语:shake one’s hands握某人的手;shake hands with sb.与某人握手 wave one’s hands挥某人的手;wave to sb.向某人挥手 (2) hand vt. 常用短语: hand in hand out hand sb sth / hand sth to sb shook shaken shaking 上交,交上去(给老师或上级) 散发,分发 把某物递给某人 知识点9:British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.(P66) 英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。 close ①vt/vi. 关闭;盖上;合上,反义词为 。如:She closed the door softly. ②adj. 近的,接近的(+ to ) 。 如:His house is close to the factory. (关系)密切的,亲密的。如:She is a close friend of theirs. ③adv. 接近,靠近地(+ to )。如:They live close to the museum. 紧密地,紧紧地。 如:Anna followed clos e behind. open 批注(选讲):closed adj. 关闭的,反义词为open。如:He likes sleeping with the window closed. 知识点11:Do people there behave politely in public?(P66)那里的人会在公共场合举止文明吗? (1)behave vt/vi.表现 名词形式 behavior 表现;行为,举止 (2)public n.民众,群体; adj.公共的,公开的。如: The public like watching films like this. Please pay more attention to the public signs when walking in the street. in public公开地,在别人面前。如: Don’t speak loudly in public. 知识点12:They think it’s rude to push in before others.(P66)他们认为在其他人面前插话是很粗鲁的。 (1)rude adj.粗鲁的;名词rudeness; 反义词polite 常用短语:be rude to 对…粗鲁,如: We shouldn’t be rude to anyone. (2)push v.推,反义词为pull,v.拉 常用短语:push in push on pull up 插队,加塞;插嘴 继续前进 拔,拔起 知识点13:Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they’ll say “sorry”.(P67)同样,如果他们在街上装上某人,他们会说“对不起”。 bump into 撞上,碰上 【知识拓展】 into落入,陷入 into撞上,碰上 into破门而入,非法进入 …into把…变成… fall run break turn 知识点16:Sorry, I didn’t notice that sign just now. (P73)对不起,我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。 notice vt. 意为"注意到,留心,看到"。 常用于notice sb. do sth.; notice sb. doing sth.结构中。如: Did you notice Jack come in? Did you notice his hand shaking? notice n. 意为"布告,公告,启事",是 。如: There is a notice on the office gate saying "No Parking". 作名词常用的词组有: ①take notice of sb./sth.意为"注意某人/某物"。如: Take notice of what they say. ②take no notice of sb./sth.意为"不理会某人/某物"。如: Take no notice of his angry words-he is not well. 可数名词 知识点17:Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life. (P74)每个人都将会在他们的一生中走运或是成功 (1) adj. 成功的 adv. 成功地 n. 成功 vi.成功 如:His success makes me want to be successful in the near future. We all want to succeed. 常用短语:be successful at sth. (2)sometime adv.在某时 sometimes/some times: 相聚是“有时”;分开是“几次” sometime/some time: 相聚是“某时”;分开是“一段” successful successfully success succeed =do sth. successfully = succeed in sth./ doing sth. 知识点18:Risk losing everything all at one time.(P74)曾经冒险做失去一切的风险。 risk vt.冒…的危险; 使…冒风险(或面临危险); 常用短语:risk sth /doing sth 冒…什么危险/冒险做某事。如: He risked walking alone in the dark. risk n.危险,冒险; 常用短语: at risk 在危险中 at the risk of 冒...之险; 不顾...之风险 run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事。如: We’d better not run the risk of catching a cold by walking without an umbrella in the rain. 知识点19: a friend in need is a friend indeed(P75) 患难见真情 need in need需要 in need of 需要…. 一)作 ①need作情态动词无人称或数的变化, 后接动词原形,多用于否定句和疑问句中。 ②由need引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must或have to;否定答语常用needn't. ③由must引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定答语用needn't或don't have to。 二)作 need 作为有人称和数的变化, 后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带to 的动词不定式;可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中,如: She needs help. I don't need to see the doctor. —Do you need to go at once? —Yes, I do. /—No, I don't. 情态动词 行为动词 知识点20:Just as the saying goes. (P75)正如谚语所说。 as用法小结 1)作连词 ,引导方式状语从句,意为“像;按照”。 如: You must do everything as I asked you to. 2)作介词 ,表示“作为; 当作”。如: As a party member, I must be strict with myself. 3)作 连词 ,引导时间状语从句。意为“当……的时候”。 如: She sings as she walks. 4)用于一些固定搭配。如: ① as ... as...与……相同的程度; 与……等同 The dress is twice as expensive as that. ②as well as 同(一样也);和;还 On Sunday,his landlady provided dinner as well as breakfast. ③ such...as 像……这样的 ; such as 例如 。如: Such simple actions as eating drinking become difficult. I bought a lot of fruits, such as apples, oranges, bananas and so on. 知识点22:These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. (P77) 这些规矩很重要,因为我们应该确保客人和主人在桌子旁都很舒服。 make sure用法 make sure表示“弄确实;核实;查证”。 make sure常用于祈使句,后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。 Make sure (that)从句意为“弄明白;确信”。 Make sure of 代词/名词,意思也是“弄明白;确信”。如: — Make sure of his coming before you set off. — I make sure (that) he would come. be sure的用法 对be sure的用法常感困惑不解,现将其主要用法归纳如下。 1.be sure+of/about + 动名词或名词 ,意为“确信……”;“对……有把握”。 但在接 名词 时,be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑; 而be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。 例如:He is sure of success. 若后面要接 反身代词 ,则只能用be sure of,即be sure of oneself,意为“有自信心”。例如: Joan will sit for an important examination next week,but she is not sure of herself. 2.be sure 不定式,表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断,认为句子主语“必定”、“必然会”、“准会”如何如何。如:It is sure to rain. He is sure to have known about that. 但be sure to do用在 祈使句 中,不是表示判断,而是表示对对方的要求,意为“务必要”,“一定要”。如:Be sure not to forget it! Be sure not to do that again. 2.be sure 宾语从句,表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断,意为“确信某事一定会……”。 如:I'm not sure whether I've met him before 同步例题分析 26 例1.John couldn't stop smoking, but at least he's managed to cut _. A. up B. down C. off D. on 例2. What's the meaning of the American expression 'cutting class' at school? A. taking extra classes B. failing an exam C. deliberately(故意) not going to school D. becoming a teacher 例3. Mrs Zhao doesn’t know what time it is because she has _her watch in the hotel. A. stayed B. forgot C. left D. took 例4. -I’m afraid his radio is too noisy. Will you please _ him to _? -Sure. A. make; turn it off B. allow; turn it on C. ask; turn it down D. keep; turn it up 例5. The little boy _ the wall and hurt his leg. A. fell of B. fall from C. fell off D. fall down B C C C A 例6. I often _ my friends but seldom write back to them because I’m too busy. A. hear of B. hear about C. hear from D. hear 例7. You should _ your voice. A. keep out B. keep down C. keep fit D. keep silence 例8.It is _of you to wait_ for your turn every time. A polite; polite B politely; politely C polite; politely D politely; polite 例9.When the fire _in the movies, the people lost their heads and ran in all directions. A. broke in B. broke up C. broke out D. broke into 例10. -I heard Tony was ill in hospital. -I’ m afraid . I will go to see him at once.. A. so B. not C. that D. it C C C B A THANK YOU! 29 $$