Unit 2 Natural disasters【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020必修第三册）

Unit 2 Natural disasters 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1.injure vt. 伤害;使受伤;损害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n.伤;伤口;伤害 (教材原句)Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.尽管目前整个受灾地区已有7人死亡,200多人受伤,但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受轻伤。 (1)the injured 伤员 get injured 受伤 (2)do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 【易混辨析】harm/ injure/ hurt/ wound harm 多指给人的精神、身体等带来损害或引起不安、不便 injure 多指意外事故带来伤害、使受伤;还可指伤害名誉、自尊等 hurt 一般用词,可指伤害精神、肉体、感情等,还可表示身体部位的“疼、痛” wound 多指在战争、搏斗中用武器伤害身体某部位 2.reaction n. 反应→react vi.回应,作出反应;有不良反应; 起化学反应→reactive adj.反应的;有反应的;回应的 (教材原句)Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks.她的学生们反应迅速且正确——他们头朝里,钻到桌子下面,并紧紧抓住桌腿。 (1)in reaction to sth. 对……作出反应 reaction to sb./sth. 对……的反应 (2) react to sth.(by doing sth.)(通过做……)对……作出反应 react with sth. 与……发生反应 3.crash vi.& vt.碰撞,撞击;崩溃 n. 碰撞;碰撞声,破裂声;崩溃 (教材原句)There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.尽管玻璃破碎和物体落地发出阵阵巨响,但是学生们仍然一动不动,沉着安静地等待着。 (1)crash into...　　　撞上…… crash...into... 使……撞上…… crash through 撞穿 (2) a train/car crash 火车/汽车撞车事故 a plane/an air crash 飞机失事 4.occur vi. 发生,出现;存在于 (教材原句)It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。 sth. occurs/occurred to sb. 某事突然浮现在某人的脑海中；某人突然想到…… It occurs/occurred to sb. that. . . /to do sth. 某人突然想起……/要做某事 It strikes/hits sb. that. . . 某人突然想起…… 误区警示 (1)occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred，现在分词为occurring。 (2)occur不用于被动语态和进行时态。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。 5.relief n. 宽慰,轻松,减轻,消除;救济→relieve vt.解除;减轻→relieved adj.感到宽慰的;放心的 (教材原句)To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是,这名安全员立即意识到了即将来临的危险。 (1)to one’s relief　　令某人宽慰的是 in relief 如释重负,松了口气 (2)relieve sb. of sth. 帮助……减轻;替……拿重物 6.inform vt. 通知;了解,熟悉→information n.信息;资料 (教材原句)Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 记得让自己了解正在发生的事情。 (1)inform sb. of sth.　通知/报告某人某事 inform sb. that... 通知某人…… keep sb. informed of... 使某人随时了解…… 7.shock n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动;休克 vt. 使震惊;使气愤→shocked adj.惊愕的;震惊的→shocking adj.令人吃惊的;令人气愤的 (教材原句)As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock.你可以想象得到,我当时有点震惊。 (1)in shock　　　　 震惊地;处于休克状态 (2)be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊 8.scare vt.&vi.惊吓,害怕 n.恐慌;惊吓→scary adj.引起恐慌的 (教材原句)The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure.强风和大雨并没有吓到我,但是停电的时候我很害怕。 (1)scare...away/off　　 把……吓跑 (2)be scared to death　　　 吓得要死 be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 9.power n.电,电力;能量;力量;能力;权力;政权;控制力→powerful adj.强大的;强有力的 (教材原句)The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure.强风和大雨并没有吓到我,但是停电的时候我很害怕。 be in power　　　执政(强调状态) come to power 开始掌权/执政(强调动作) have power over... 对……有控制权,能支配 have the power to do sth. 　　有能力做某事 10.run out of 用完,耗尽 (经典例句)Humans will sooner or later run out of natural resources if not limited. 如果不加以限制,人类早晚会用尽自然资源。 run out　　　　 用完(主语为物,无被动语态) run across 穿越;偶然碰到 run after 追逐;追求 run away 跑掉;逃走;逃避 run into 撞上;遇到 【巧学助记】run out of与run out 词组 run out of run out 词性 及物动词 不及物动词 主语 人 时间、金钱、力气等 11.supply n.补给品,补给;供应;供应量,储备vt.供应,供给,提供→supplies　补给品[pl.] (教材原句)Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. 爸爸正在听收音机里的天气预报,妈妈正在把重要的文件和救灾物资装进一个袋子里。 (1)supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth. =provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. =offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物 (2)in short/limited supply 供应不足 【巧学助记】supply/ provide/ offer 不一样的“提供” 区　别 搭　配 supply 通常指定期供应所需或所要求之物,含有连续不断地供给之意 supply sb./sth.with sth.=supply sth.to sb./sth. provide 表示仅仅是出于某种责任主动提供所需之物,尤其是生活必需品 provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. offer 指“主动提供”帮助、服务或令人向往之物等 offer to do sth. offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb. 12.donate vt.捐赠,赠送;献(血) →donor 　n.捐赠者;献血者→donation n.捐赠物,捐赠,赠送 (教材原句)Luckily, many people came to help, donating food and clothes to charities. 幸运的是,许多人来帮忙,捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。 (1)donate sth. to sb./sth. 将某物捐赠给某人/某物 (2)make a donation (of sth.to...) (向……)捐赠(某物) (3)donate虽然是及物动词,但不能接双宾语,而要与介词to搭配。有类似用法的词还有:introduce, explain等。 13.curious adj.好奇的;奇特的→curiosity n.好奇;好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地 (1)be curious about　　 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事 (2)out of curiosity 出于好奇 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 14.break out (战争、瘟疫、灾害等)突然开始;爆发 break down　　　使分解(为);(讨论、关系)失败,破裂 break off 中断;折断 break through 突破 break up 打碎;解散,分手;放假 break out意为“(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始,爆发”,是不及物动词短语,不用于被动语态。 【易混辨析】break out/happen/take place 易混词语 区别 break out 意为“(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始,爆发”。 例:The Second World War broke out in September, 1939.第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。 happen 意为“发生,出现”,常带有偶然的意味,此时用物作主语,不用于被动语态;还可意为“碰巧,恰好”,此时常用人作主语。 例:The car accident happened yesterday.车祸是昨天发生的。 例:She happened to be out when we called.我们打电话时,她恰巧不在家。 take place 意为“发生,进行”,常用来指按计划发生的事,不用于被动语态。 例:The film festival will take place in October.电影节将于十月举行。 15.beyond adv.在(或向)较远处,在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处;超出;晚于;无法;超出……之外 (教材原句)Beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。 beyond belief　　　　难以置信 beyond compare 无与伦比 beyond control 无法控制 beyond description/expression/words 难以描述/表达/言表 beyond doubt 毋庸置疑 beyond repair 无法修理 beyond recognition 无法辨认 beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力 beyond one’s reach 够不着 16.distance n.遥远,久远;距离;差异;疏远→distant adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的 [教材原文]　At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。 (1)in the distance 在远处 from a distance 从远处 at a distance (of) 在……远的地方;距离稍远 (2)keep one’s distance (from) (与……)保持距离 keep sb.at a distance 对某人冷淡;与某人疏远;与某人保持一定距离 17.rescue n.&vt.救援,营救,抢救→rescuern.救援者 [教材原文]　Search and rescue robots 搜救机器人 rescue sb. from sth.　 从……拯救某人 come to one’s rescue 救援某人 18.locate vt.找出……的准确位置;把……安置在(或建造于)→location n.位置;场所 [教材原文]　Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell, dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can.因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 be located in/on　　　坐落于;位于 on location外景拍摄地 19.retire vi.&vt.退休,退职→retired adj.已退休的→retirement n.退休,退役 (高考例句)When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.当她不再跳舞,她的儿子们最终独立生活后,她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。 retire from　　　　　从……退休(役) retire from...as...　　 作为……从……退休 20．signal vi. & vt.发信号，示意；标志 n．信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 [教材原文]　She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 20．confirm vt.证实，确认；批准；使确信 [教材原文]　After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other.点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 confirm that/wh­... 证实…… It has been confirmed that... 已经证实…… confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事 confirm sb. as... 任命某人担任……某职位 考点句型 1. be doing...when 正在做……突然,when意为“就在(这)那时”。 (教材原句)Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake.弗尔蒙特小学的班主任艾丽斯·布朗正在上课,这时地板开始摇晃起来。  when 的常用句式 be doing sth.when...　正在做某事,这时突然…… be about to do sth.when...=be on the point of doing sth.when... 正要做某事,这时突然…… had just done...when... 刚做完……这时…… 2. the moment...意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.地震一停止,布朗小姐就感觉到这是全班逃走的最佳时机。  “一……就……”的句型 no sooner...than... hardly/scarcely...when... the moment/the minute/the instant+从句 on+动名词/名词 instantly/directly/immediately 3. in case “万一,唯恐”,引导目的状语从句 (教材原句)At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 同时,布朗小姐迅速打开了教室的门,以防门在摇晃中损坏而无法打开。 不一样的“万一” in case 和in case of 意思相同,其区别是:in case是连词,后接句子;in case of是介词短语,后接名词(短语)、代词或动名词。 4. as if/though 意为“好像,好似”,在句中引导表语从句。 (教材原句)In its forum, the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman’s hand.在集会的场所,有出自工匠之手而未完成的柱子。  as if/though的真实与虚拟 (1)as if从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生时,从句用陈述语气。 (2)as if从句表示的情况是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在时,从句用虚拟语气。 ①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)。 ②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)。 ③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)。 单元语法 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 考点一、动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，和被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和修饰关系。 The future to greet us will be bright.我们的未来会十分美好的。（主谓关系） The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.老师留给我们许多问题要解决。（动宾关系） [温馨提示]在动宾关系中由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，因此，如果该不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.他没有遵守诺言定期给他母亲写信。（同位关系） Now it is time to begin our class.现在是上课的时间了。（修饰关系） 考点二、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语多强调意外的或者不愿意看到的结果，常见于下列句型。 1．so...as to do 2．such...as to do 3．... enough to do 4．only to do 5．too...to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle？把你的自行车借给我好吗？ We are not such fools as to believe him.我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。 [名师点津]　too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased，happy, ready等词，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。 一. 单词拼写 1．Venice is one of the hottest tourist d in the world. 【答案】destinations/estinations 【详解】考查名词。句意：威尼斯是世界上最热门的旅游目的地之一。空处作of的宾语，结合“tourist”和首字母提示可推知，名词destination“目的地”符合题意，tourist destination表示“旅游目的地”，且此处用固定结构“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，destination应用复数形式。故填destinations。 2．Sanya is a popular holiday d . 【答案】destination/estination 【详解】考查名词。句意：三亚是一个受欢迎的度假胜地。空处作表语，结合“holiday”和首字母提示可推知，名词destination“目的地”符合题意，holiday destination表示“度假胜地”，且空前有不定冠词a，destination应用单数形式。故填destination。 3．He saw a gift box on the table and picked it up, c to know what is inside for him. 【答案】curious/urious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他看到桌子上有一个礼物盒，就拿起它，好奇地想知道里面是什么给他的。根据句意和首字母可知，此处表示“好奇的”，为形容词curious作状语，故填curious。 4．The party turned out to be a success far b their expectations. 【答案】beyond/eyond 【详解】考查介词。句意：结果这场派对的成功程度远远超出了他们的预期。根据“their expectations”和首字母提示可推知，空处应用介词beyond，意为“超出（范围）”，短语beyond one’s expectations意思是“超出某人的预期”。故填beyond。 5．When I was at a loss, the idea of travelling abroad o to me. 【答案】occurred/ccurred 【详解】考查动词。句意：当我不知所措时，出国旅行的想法突然出现在我的脑海中。根据首字母提示o可知，本空用动词occur“出现”，occur to sb意为“被某人想到；出现在某人头脑中”，在主句中作谓语，根据从句谓语was可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式occurred。故填occurred。 6．She printed out the (文件) and highlighted the key points before the meeting. 【答案】document/documents 【详解】考查名词。句意：她在开会前把文件打印出来，并标出了要点。根据汉语提示可知应用名词document，作宾语，可用单数可用复数。故填document/documents。 7．The soldiers are still unaware of the lack of food s . 【答案】supplies/upplies 【详解】考查名词。句意：士兵们仍然不知道食物补给不足。空处作of的宾语，结合“food”和首字母提示可推知，名词supply“（军队或探险队的）补给，补给品”符合题意，作该释义时，supply通常用复数形式。故填supplies。 8．She s to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 【答案】signalled/ignalled/signaled/ignaled 【详解】考查动词。句意：她示意学生们用手捂着头有序地离开教室。空处作谓语，结合“to her students to exit the classroom”和首字母提示可推知，动词signal“示意”符合题意，短语signal to sb. to do表示“示意某人做某事”，且此处应该是描述过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时。故填signalled/signaled。 9．The child s down the roof and dropped to the ground. 【答案】slid/lid 【详解】考查动词。句意：那孩子从屋顶上滑下来，摔在地上。空处作谓语，结合“dropped to the ground”和首字母提示可推知，动词slide“滑落”符合题意，表示“从屋顶上滑下来”，且结合“dropped”可知，时态为一般过去时，需用slide的过去式形式。故填slid。 10．Small companies can’t compete in the face of cheap (进口制品). 【答案】imports 【详解】考查名词。句意：面对廉价的进口产品，小公司无法竞争。“进口制品”应用名词import，作in the face of的宾语，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词import应用复数形式。故填imports。 二. 选词填空 at large   roll call  safe and sound  be cleared of make one’s escape   hold on to  blow away  to one’s relief in the face of  keep one’s head 1． , she said that what we were doing was probably the gentlest approach that would not have a bad effect on the patients. 2．His wife always stays up until he gets home . 3．Luckily, the driver or there might have been a serious accident. 4．Even on a cold winter morning, we still had to rush to the school playground and stand in the snow for . 5．The outbreak of the disease had a huge effect on the world . 6．He rushed forward hurriedly rather than walked, hoping to f ind some side streets to from the stalker (跟踪者). 7．He said he would the truth with his blood and life. 8． the serious problem about the business of the company, the CEO decided to give up the project. 9．The garden should f irst   weeds, or the flowers will fade away. 10．A storm is coming! Tie things down before they ! 【答案】 1．To our relief 2．safe and sound 3．kept his head/kept her head 4．roll call 5．at large 6．make his escape 7．hold on to 8．In the face of 9．be cleared of 10．are blown away 【解析】 1．考查固定短语。句意：令我们欣慰的是，她说我们所做的可能是对患者不会产生不良影响的最温和的方法。根据“the gentlest approach that would not have a bad effect on the patients”以及句意“令我们欣慰的是”可知，应填介词短语to one’s relief，形容词性物主代词需用our，空处位于句首，to需首字母大写。故填To our relief。 2．考查固定短语。句意：他的妻子总是熬夜，直到他安全到家。根据“always stays up until he gets home”以及句意“安然无恙的”可知，应填形容词短语safe and sound，作状语，用来补充说明he回到家时的状态。故填safe and sound。 3．考查固定短语。句意：幸运的是，司机保持冷静，否则可能会发生严重事故。空处为主句的谓语动词，根据从句谓语动词“might have been”可知句子，从句表示对过去事情的虚拟，故主句需用一般过去时，表发生在过去的动作。根据下文“or there might have been a serious accident”以及句意“保持冷静”可知，空处需填动词短语keep one’s head，形容词性物主代词要在人称上和主语the driver保持一致，故需用his/her。故填kept his/her head。 4．考查固定短语。句意：即使在一个寒冷的冬日早晨，我们仍然不得不赶到学校操场，站在雪地里点名。根据空前介词for可知，空处需填名词短语，作宾语。根据“rush to the school playground and stand in the snow for”以及句意“点名”可知，应填固定短语roll call。故填roll call。 5．考查固定短语。句意：这种疾病的爆发对整个世界产生了巨大的影响。根据“had a huge effect on the world”以及句意“整个；总体上”可知，应填介词短语at large，强调疾病的爆发对整个世界产生了巨大的影响，从整体范围的角度来描述影响所涉及的对象。故填at large。 6．考查固定短语。句意：他没有走，而是匆匆向前冲去，希望找到一些小巷来躲避跟踪者。根据空前不定式符号to可知，空处需填动词短语原形，与to构成不定式短语，作目的状语。根据“hoping to f ind some side streets”以及句意“躲避”可知，空处需填动词短语make one’s escape，形容词性物主代词要在人称上和主语He保持一致，故需用his。故填make his escape。 7．考查固定短语。句意：他说他会用鲜血和生命坚持真理。根据空前情态动词would可知，空处需填动词短语原形，与would一起作宾语从句的谓语动词。根据“the truth with his blood and life”以及句意“坚持（信仰、信念、原则等）”可知，空处需填动词短语hold on to。故填hold on to。 8．考查固定短语。句意：面对公司业务的严重问题，首席执行官决定放弃这个项目。根据空后名词短语“the serious problem”可知，空处需填介词短语。根据“decided to give up the project”以及句意“面对”可知，空处需填介词短语in the face of，空处位于句首，in需首字母大写。故填In the face of。 9．考查固定短语。句意：花园里的杂草应该先清除，否则花会枯萎的。根据空前情态动词should可知，空处需填动词短语原形，与should一起作主句的谓语动词。根据“or the flowers will fade away”以及句意“被清除”可知，空处需填动词短语be cleared of。故填be cleared of。 10．考查固定短语。句意：暴风雨来了！把东西捆起来，免得它们被吹走！空处为before引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词“Tie...down”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，并且从句用现在时表将来。根据“Tie things down before”以及句意“被吹走”可知，空处需填动词短语blow away，主语they指代things，与动词短语blow away构成动宾关系，故需用被动语态，主语为they，是复数主语，系动词用are。故填are blown away。 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．He climbed the mountain at dawn (catch) the first rays of sunlight and uplift his spirit. 【答案】to catch 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在黎明时分爬上山，为了捕捉第一缕阳光，振奋精神。此处是非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语，故填to catch。 2．The Yangtze River Protection Law, talking effect on March 1st, 2021, ensures that people can benefit from it for centuries (come). 【答案】to come 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：将于2021年3月1日生效的《长江保护法》将确保人们在未来几个世纪都能从中受益。此处表示要到来的几个世纪，应该用不定式形式to come表将要发生的动作，作定语。故填to come。 3．As it was raining heavily, the farmers helplessly watched the crops (flood). 【答案】being flooded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于雨下得很大，农民们眼睁睁地看着庄稼被淹。空处作宾语补足语，结合“As it was raining heavily”可知，此处指农民们无助地看着庄稼“正在被淹没”，应用watch sb./sth. doing sth.表示“看某人/某物正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行，crops与flood“淹没”逻辑上是被动关系，因此用flood的现在分词被动语态。故填being flooded。 4．Scientists are urging less use of chemicals to reduce theirs (destroy) effects on the environment. 【答案】destructive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家们正敦促减少使用化学药品以降低其对环境的破坏性影响。空处修饰名词effects，需用形容词形式，destroy的形容词为destructive，意为“破坏性的”。故填destructive。 5．So far, no life (confirm) existing on Mars. 【答案】has been confirmed 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，还没有证实火星上存在生命。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“So far”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，confirm“证实”和主语no life之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has been confirmed。 6．Newspapers and audio equipment have been provided to keep local employees (inform) of the current affairs in Zambia. 【答案】informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：已经提供了报纸和音响设备，以便当地员工了解赞比亚的时事动态。本句谓语为have been provided，空处为非谓语动词，且employees与inform“告知”为被动关系，应用过去分词informed，作宾补。故填informed。 7．To expand overseas markets, a nation should ensure national financial security before promoting its high-level financial opening-up in a steady and (order) manner. 【答案】orderly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个国家在扩大海外市场时，应确保国家金融安全，然后以稳定有序的方式推动高水平的金融开放。本空修饰名词manner，用形容词orderly“有秩序的”，作定语。故填orderly。 8．Xi’an, an ancient capital of China, has secured a place among the most popular (destination) for the enchanting appeal. 【答案】destinations 【详解】考查名词。句意：西安，中国的一座古都，凭借其迷人的魅力在最受欢迎的旅游目的地中占据了一席之地。destination表示“目的地，旅游目的地”，是可数名词，此处“among the most popular...”表示“在最受欢迎的…… 之中”，说明是多个目的地，所以要用复数形式。故填 destinations。 9．The expedition team carried sufficient (supply) of food and fuel to survive in the wilderness. 【答案】supplies 【详解】考查名词。句意：探险队携带了足够的食物和燃料以在荒野中生存。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，supply意为“补给品”，为可数名词，句中用复数。故填supplies。 10．You had better take exercise to (relief) your pressure. 【答案】relieve 【详解】考查动词原形。句意：你最好通过锻炼来缓解压力。分析句子结构可知，空处作目的状语，需用动词原形relieve与不定式符号to连用，表示“缓解”。故填relieve。 四. 完成句子 1．AI辅助课堂不仅满足了学生们对信息的需求，还为他们提供了发挥创造力的空间，从而促进了高效的学习和教学。 The AI-assisted class is designed not only but also , thus promoting efficient learning and teaching. 【答案】 to satisfy the students’ need for information to give them room for creativity 【详解】考查非谓语动词。not only... but also...“不仅……而且……”，为固定句型，连接两个并列成分。表示“满足”用satisfy，用不定式，作目的状语。表示“学生们对信息的需求”用the students’ need for information，作satisfy的宾 语。表示“给他们空间”用give them room for，用不定式，作目的状语。表示“创造力”用creativity，作for的宾语。故填①to satisfy the students’ need for information；②to give them room for creativity。 2．大风暴是一场灾难，许多动物因此面临灭绝的危险。 The big storm was a , and many animals are now facing because of it. 【答案】 disaster the danger of dying out 【详解】考查名词和短语。第一空表示“灾难”应用名词disaster，不定冠词提示用单数；第二空表示“灭绝的危险”可用the danger of dying out，动名词形式dying作介词of的宾语。故填①disaster；②the danger of dying out。 3．大风暴是一场灾难，许多动物因此面临灭绝。 The big storm was a , and many animals are now facing because of it. 【答案】 disaster extinction 【详解】考查名词。第一个空白处在句中作表语，应使用名词。根据汉语，表示“灾难”含义的名词是disaster，且前面有不定冠词a，所以此处用单数形式disaster。 第二个空白处在句中作动词facing的宾语，应使用名词。根据汉语提示，表示“灭绝”含义的名词是extinction，该词为不可数名词，使用单数。故填disaster；extinction。 4．There is no need for teenagers to go on a diet (为了保持苗条) 【答案】to keep slim 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：青少年没有必要节食来保持苗条。表示“保持苗条”用固定短语keep slim，本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，用不定式短语to keep slim，作目的状语。故填to keep slim。 5．导游很详细地给我们讲述了进寺庙的要求。 The guide explained to us what we were required to do when entering the temple. 【答案】 in great detail 【详解】考查固定短语。中英文对比可知，空处应填“很详细地”，可用固定短语in great detail，修饰动词“explained”，作状语。故填①in；②great；③detail。 6．我们下午要开会审阅这些论文。 We will have a to the papers this afternoon. 【答案】 conference go through 【详解】考查名词和动词短语。“开会”应用have a conference，不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式，作have的宾语，“审阅”go through，不定式符号后接动词原形形式，构成目的状语。故填①conference②go③through。 7．他们几乎花光了钱才回家。 They had almost money before they went back home. 【答案】 run out of 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据中英文对比可知，空处应填“花光”，可用动词短语run out of，结合空前had可知，空处动词应用过去分词与had构成过去完成时，run的过去分词为run。故填①run；②out；③of。 8．在停电期间，我们什么都不能做，只能待在家里。 During the , there was nothing for us to do 【答案】 power failure but stay inside 【详解】考查名词短语和固定句型。第一个空白处所在的句子部分需要表达“在停电期间”的含义，英语中表示“停电”的名词短语为：power failure。第二个空白处的句子部分表达了“除了待在家里什么也不能做”的意思，在英语中，“只能做某事”或“除了做某事什么也不能做”可以用“there was nothing to do but + 动词原形”来表达，此处应填入“but stay inside”，因为前面有do，but后不定式省略to。故填power；failure；but；stay；inside。 9．We are not such fools that we believe him. (用动词不定式改写) We are not believe him. 【答案】 such fools as to 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们没有傻到相信他的地步。原句中的such...that...意义为“如此……以致于……”，that引导结果状语从句，可以用such...as to“如此……以致于……”改写为We are not such fools as to believe him，故填①such；②fools；③as；④to。 10．You are so young that you can’t learn to drive. (用动词不定式改写) You are to drive. You are learn to drive. 【答案】 too young to learn not old enough to 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：你太年轻了，还不能学开车。表示“太……以至于不能……”可以用too...to...，其中不定式作结果状语，所以第一个句子改写为You are too young to learn to drive。也可以用(not)+... enough to do表示，其中不定式作结果状语，所以，第二个句子改写为You are not old enough to learn to drive，故填①too；②young；③to； ④learn；⑤not；⑥old； ⑦enough ；⑧to。 ( 8 / 16 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Natural disasters 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1.injure vt. 伤害;使受伤;损害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n.伤;伤口;伤害 (教材原句)Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.尽管目前整个受灾地区已有7人死亡,200多人受伤,但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受轻伤。 (1)the injured 伤员 get injured 受伤 (2)do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 【易混辨析】harm/ injure/ hurt/ wound harm 多指给人的精神、身体等带来损害或引起不安、不便 injure 多指意外事故带来伤害、使受伤;还可指伤害名誉、自尊等 hurt 一般用词,可指伤害精神、肉体、感情等,还可表示身体部位的“疼、痛” wound 多指在战争、搏斗中用武器伤害身体某部位 2.reaction n. 反应→react vi.回应,作出反应;有不良反应; 起化学反应→reactive adj.反应的;有反应的;回应的 (教材原句)Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks.她的学生们反应迅速且正确——他们头朝里,钻到桌子下面,并紧紧抓住桌腿。 (1)in reaction to sth. 对……作出反应 reaction to sb./sth. 对……的反应 (2) react to sth.(by doing sth.)(通过做……)对……作出反应 react with sth. 与……发生反应 3.crash vi.& vt.碰撞,撞击;崩溃 n. 碰撞;碰撞声,破裂声;崩溃 (教材原句)There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.尽管玻璃破碎和物体落地发出阵阵巨响,但是学生们仍然一动不动,沉着安静地等待着。 (1)crash into...　　　撞上…… crash...into... 使……撞上…… crash through 撞穿 (2) a train/car crash 火车/汽车撞车事故 a plane/an air crash 飞机失事 4.occur vi. 发生,出现;存在于 (教材原句)It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。 sth. occurs/occurred to sb. 某事突然浮现在某人的脑海中；某人突然想到…… It occurs/occurred to sb. that. . . /to do sth. 某人突然想起……/要做某事 It strikes/hits sb. that. . . 某人突然想起…… 误区警示 (1)occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred，现在分词为occurring。 (2)occur不用于被动语态和进行时态。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。 5.relief n. 宽慰,轻松,减轻,消除;救济→relieve vt.解除;减轻→relieved adj.感到宽慰的;放心的 (教材原句)To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是,这名安全员立即意识到了即将来临的危险。 (1)to one’s relief　　令某人宽慰的是 in relief 如释重负,松了口气 (2)relieve sb. of sth. 帮助……减轻;替……拿重物 6.inform vt. 通知;了解,熟悉→information n.信息;资料 (教材原句)Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 记得让自己了解正在发生的事情。 (1)inform sb. of sth.　通知/报告某人某事 inform sb. that... 通知某人…… keep sb. informed of... 使某人随时了解…… 7.shock n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动;休克 vt. 使震惊;使气愤→shocked adj.惊愕的;震惊的→shocking adj.令人吃惊的;令人气愤的 (教材原句)As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock.你可以想象得到,我当时有点震惊。 (1)in shock　　　　 震惊地;处于休克状态 (2)be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊 8.scare vt.&vi.惊吓,害怕 n.恐慌;惊吓→scary adj.引起恐慌的 (教材原句)The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure.强风和大雨并没有吓到我,但是停电的时候我很害怕。 (1)scare...away/off　　 把……吓跑 (2)be scared to death　　　 吓得要死 be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 9.power n.电,电力;能量;力量;能力;权力;政权;控制力→powerful adj.强大的;强有力的 (教材原句)The strong wind and heavy rain didn’t scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure.强风和大雨并没有吓到我,但是停电的时候我很害怕。 be in power　　　执政(强调状态) come to power 开始掌权/执政(强调动作) have power over... 对……有控制权,能支配 have the power to do sth. 　　有能力做某事 10.run out of 用完,耗尽 (经典例句)Humans will sooner or later run out of natural resources if not limited. 如果不加以限制,人类早晚会用尽自然资源。 run out　　　　 用完(主语为物,无被动语态) run across 穿越;偶然碰到 run after 追逐;追求 run away 跑掉;逃走;逃避 run into 撞上;遇到 【巧学助记】run out of与run out 词组 run out of run out 词性 及物动词 不及物动词 主语 人 时间、金钱、力气等 11.supply n.补给品,补给;供应;供应量,储备vt.供应,供给,提供→supplies　补给品[pl.] (教材原句)Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. 爸爸正在听收音机里的天气预报,妈妈正在把重要的文件和救灾物资装进一个袋子里。 (1)supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth. =provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. =offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物 (2)in short/limited supply 供应不足 【巧学助记】supply/ provide/ offer 不一样的“提供” 区　别 搭　配 supply 通常指定期供应所需或所要求之物,含有连续不断地供给之意 supply sb./sth.with sth.=supply sth.to sb./sth. provide 表示仅仅是出于某种责任主动提供所需之物,尤其是生活必需品 provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. offer 指“主动提供”帮助、服务或令人向往之物等 offer to do sth. offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb. 12.donate vt.捐赠,赠送;献(血) →donor 　n.捐赠者;献血者→donation n.捐赠物,捐赠,赠送 (教材原句)Luckily, many people came to help, donating food and clothes to charities. 幸运的是,许多人来帮忙,捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。 (1)donate sth. to sb./sth. 将某物捐赠给某人/某物 (2)make a donation (of sth.to...) (向……)捐赠(某物) (3)donate虽然是及物动词,但不能接双宾语,而要与介词to搭配。有类似用法的词还有:introduce, explain等。 13.curious adj.好奇的;奇特的→curiosity n.好奇;好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地 (1)be curious about　　 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事 (2)out of curiosity 出于好奇 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 14.break out (战争、瘟疫、灾害等)突然开始;爆发 break down　　　使分解(为);(讨论、关系)失败,破裂 break off 中断;折断 break through 突破 break up 打碎;解散,分手;放假 break out意为“(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始,爆发”,是不及物动词短语,不用于被动语态。 【易混辨析】break out/happen/take place 易混词语 区别 break out 意为“(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始,爆发”。 例:The Second World War broke out in September, 1939.第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。 happen 意为“发生,出现”,常带有偶然的意味,此时用物作主语,不用于被动语态;还可意为“碰巧,恰好”,此时常用人作主语。 例:The car accident happened yesterday.车祸是昨天发生的。 例:She happened to be out when we called.我们打电话时,她恰巧不在家。 take place 意为“发生,进行”,常用来指按计划发生的事,不用于被动语态。 例:The film festival will take place in October.电影节将于十月举行。 15.beyond adv.在(或向)较远处,在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处;超出;晚于;无法;超出……之外 (教材原句)Beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。 beyond belief　　　　难以置信 beyond compare 无与伦比 beyond control 无法控制 beyond description/expression/words 难以描述/表达/言表 beyond doubt 毋庸置疑 beyond repair 无法修理 beyond recognition 无法辨认 beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力 beyond one’s reach 够不着 16.distance n.遥远,久远;距离;差异;疏远→distant adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的 [教材原文]　At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。 (1)in the distance 在远处 from a distance 从远处 at a distance (of) 在……远的地方;距离稍远 (2)keep one’s distance (from) (与……)保持距离 keep sb.at a distance 对某人冷淡;与某人疏远;与某人保持一定距离 17.rescue n.&vt.救援,营救,抢救→rescuern.救援者 [教材原文]　Search and rescue robots 搜救机器人 rescue sb. from sth.　 从……拯救某人 come to one’s rescue 救援某人 18.locate vt.找出……的准确位置;把……安置在(或建造于)→location n.位置;场所 [教材原文]　Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell, dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can.因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 be located in/on　　　坐落于;位于 on location外景拍摄地 19.retire vi.&vt.退休,退职→retired adj.已退休的→retirement n.退休,退役 (高考例句)When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.当她不再跳舞,她的儿子们最终独立生活后,她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。 retire from　　　　　从……退休(役) retire from...as...　　 作为……从……退休 20．signal vi. & vt.发信号，示意；标志 n．信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 [教材原文]　She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 20．confirm vt.证实，确认；批准；使确信 [教材原文]　After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other.点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 confirm that/wh­... 证实…… It has been confirmed that... 已经证实…… confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事 confirm sb. as... 任命某人担任……某职位 考点句型 1. be doing...when 正在做……突然,when意为“就在(这)那时”。 (教材原句)Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake.弗尔蒙特小学的班主任艾丽斯·布朗正在上课,这时地板开始摇晃起来。  when 的常用句式 be doing sth.when...　正在做某事,这时突然…… be about to do sth.when...=be on the point of doing sth.when... 正要做某事,这时突然…… had just done...when... 刚做完……这时…… 2. the moment...意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.地震一停止,布朗小姐就感觉到这是全班逃走的最佳时机。  “一……就……”的句型 no sooner...than... hardly/scarcely...when... the moment/the minute/the instant+从句 on+动名词/名词 instantly/directly/immediately 3. in case “万一,唯恐”,引导目的状语从句 (教材原句)At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 同时,布朗小姐迅速打开了教室的门,以防门在摇晃中损坏而无法打开。 不一样的“万一” in case 和in case of 意思相同,其区别是:in case是连词,后接句子;in case of是介词短语,后接名词(短语)、代词或动名词。 4. as if/though 意为“好像,好似”,在句中引导表语从句。 (教材原句)In its forum, the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman’s hand.在集会的场所,有出自工匠之手而未完成的柱子。  as if/though的真实与虚拟 (1)as if从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生时,从句用陈述语气。 (2)as if从句表示的情况是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在时,从句用虚拟语气。 ①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)。 ②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)。 ③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)。 单元语法 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 考点一、动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，和被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和修饰关系。 The future to greet us will be bright.我们的未来会十分美好的。（主谓关系） The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.老师留给我们许多问题要解决。（动宾关系） [温馨提示]在动宾关系中由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，因此，如果该不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.他没有遵守诺言定期给他母亲写信。（同位关系） Now it is time to begin our class.现在是上课的时间了。（修饰关系） 考点二、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语多强调意外的或者不愿意看到的结果，常见于下列句型。 1．so...as to do 2．such...as to do 3．... enough to do 4．only to do 5．too...to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle？把你的自行车借给我好吗？ We are not such fools as to believe him.我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。 [名师点津]　too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased，happy, ready等词，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。 一. 单词拼写 1．Venice is one of the hottest tourist d in the world. 2．Sanya is a popular holiday d . 3．He saw a gift box on the table and picked it up, c to know what is inside for him. 4．The party turned out to be a success far b their expectations. 5．When I was at a loss, the idea of travelling abroad o to me. 6．She printed out the (文件) and highlighted the key points before the meeting. 7．The soldiers are still unaware of the lack of food s . 8．She s to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 9．The child s down the roof and dropped to the ground. 10．Small companies can’t compete in the face of cheap (进口制品). 二. 选词填空 at large   roll call  safe and sound  be cleared of make one’s escape   hold on to   blow away  to one’s relief in the face of  keep one’s head 1． , she said that what we were doing was probably the gentlest approach that would not have a bad effect on the patients. 2．His wife always stays up until he gets home . 3．Luckily, the driver or there might have been a serious accident. 4．Even on a cold winter morning, we still had to rush to the school playground and stand in the snow for . 5．The outbreak of the disease had a huge effect on the world . 6．He rushed forward hurriedly rather than walked, hoping to f ind some side streets to from the stalker (跟踪者). 7．He said he would the truth with his blood and life. 8． the serious problem about the business of the company, the CEO decided to give up the project. 9．The garden should f irst   weeds, or the flowers will fade away. 10．A storm is coming! Tie things down before they ! 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．He climbed the mountain at dawn (catch) the first rays of sunlight and uplift his spirit. 2．The Yangtze River Protection Law, talking effect on March 1st, 2021, ensures that people can benefit from it for centuries (come). 3．As it was raining heavily, the farmers helplessly watched the crops (flood). 4．Scientists are urging less use of chemicals to reduce theirs (destroy) effects on the environment. 5．So far, no life (confirm) existing on Mars. 6．Newspapers and audio equipment have been provided to keep local employees (inform) of the current affairs in Zambia. 7．To expand overseas markets, a nation should ensure national financial security before promoting its high-level financial opening-up in a steady and (order) manner. 8．Xi’an, an ancient capital of China, has secured a place among the most popular (destination) for the enchanting appeal. 9．The expedition team carried sufficient (supply) of food and fuel to survive in the wilderness. 10．You had better take exercise to (relief) your pressure. 四. 完成句子 1．AI辅助课堂不仅满足了学生们对信息的需求，还为他们提供了发挥创造力的空间，从而促进了高效的学习和教学。 The AI-assisted class is designed not only but also , thus promoting efficient learning and teaching. 2．大风暴是一场灾难，许多动物因此面临灭绝的危险。 The big storm was a , and many animals are now facing because of it. 3．大风暴是一场灾难，许多动物因此面临灭绝。 The big storm was a , and many animals are now facing because of it. 4．There is no need for teenagers to go on a diet (为了保持苗条) 5．导游很详细地给我们讲述了进寺庙的要求。 The guide explained to us what we were required to do when entering the temple. 6．我们下午要开会审阅这些论文。 We will have a to the papers this afternoon. 7．他们几乎花光了钱才回家。 They had almost money before they went back home. 8．在停电期间，我们什么都不能做，只能待在家里。 During the , there was nothing for us to do 9．We are not such fools that we believe him. (用动词不定式改写) We are not believe him. 10．You are so young that you can’t learn to drive. (用动词不定式改写) You are to drive. You are learn to drive. ( 3 / 10 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$