专题03 阅读理解C篇 (解读+变式+技巧+模拟) -2025年1月“八省联考”英语真题完全解读与考后提升

2025年1月“八省联考”英语真题完全解读与考后提升 专题03 阅读理解C篇 (解读+词汇+变式+技巧+模拟) 原卷版 目 录 原题呈现 1 答案解读 2 解题指导（夹叙夹议） 3 高考考向 3 语篇特点 3 解题策略 3 考点变式 4 词类转换 4 识词知意 5 高频词快 6 单句填空 6 2024真题 7 题型变式 9 变式一：智慧城市（10篇） 9 变式二：智慧城市（1篇） 30 真题变式方向：真题解读，解题指导，词形转换，高频词快，智慧城市，城市规划，和谐社会社区 ( 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解关键词：夹叙夹议,人与社会,理想城市远景,城市规划与发展,海绵城市,智慧城市,和谐社会 Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city — in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity. For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions. Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. 28. What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community? A. Efficient public transport. B. Strong interaction between people. C. Uniform style of buildings. D. A comparatively large population. 29. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development? A. Local residents. B. Government officials. C. City planners. D. Construction workers. 30 . How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs. C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old. 31. According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of _______. A. pride B. comfort C. security D. urgency ( 答案解析 ) ( 解题指导 ) 阅读理解夹叙夹议题型特点 一、高考考向 夹叙夹议是一种写作方法，它要求一面叙述某一件事，一面又对这件事进行分析、评论。这种方法的好处是：笔法灵活多变，生动活泼，还可以起到总起、提示、过渡和总结等作用。正是由于这种方法能够具体地记叙事件，充分地抒发感情，而且能直接揭示所写对象的意义，因而历来为人们所重视。在叙述的过程中插入议论，以表明对所写人物或事件的认识、态度和评价的一种表达方式。 二、语篇特点 夹叙夹议主要有以下三种表达形式：一是先议后叙（概括式）。这时的议论往往出现在文章的篇首，主要作用是提示和点题。二是先叙后议（总结式）。这时的议论往往出现在文章或一段文字的结尾，其作用是总结全文、深化主题、画龙点睛、启迪思维等。三是边叙边议（包容式），即边叙述事实，边进行议论，以发表对所叙事实的看点。 三、满分技巧 文章写作要领可概括为“引、析、点、联、结”五步法。具体地说，就是： 引：文章一开头：就把供料中最能提炼出观点、论点或最能加以引申和发挥的中心语句、关键语引入文中。或全引，或摘引，或意引，使文章内容成为“有源之水”、“有本之木”，做到紧扣供料展开议论。 析：对所引用的材料，从不同角度－－或正反，或今昔，或中外，或褒贬，进行一分为二的辩证分析，为亮出论点张本。但分析不宜过多、过长，以避免就事论事，喧宾夺主。 点：在分析所引供料的基础上，水到渠成、瓜熟蒂落地亮出提炼出来的论点。承上启下，过渡到联系社会、生活、思想实际，选用论据对论点加以论证。论点力求鲜明、深刻，语句力求概括，凝练。 联：紧扣论点联系实际，运用典型论据，或举实例，或讲道理，通过最佳论证方法，或正反对比，或比喻证明，用喻证法，或层层递进，对论点展开论证。 结：对论证过程的内容加以提纲挈领式的归纳总结，得出结论。做到既符合供料的主旨；又紧扣从供料中提炼出来的论点。 特点：夹叙夹议的特点是叙事和议论穿插进行，写法上灵活多变,作者可以自由自在表情达意。采用夹叙夹议的方法的文章会注意叙事的连贯性，议论插入会自然。 ( 考点变式 ) 一、高频词类转换 1.energy n.→a. 2. diverse a.→n. 3.uniform a.→ n. 4. organ n.→a. 5. interact v.→ n. 6. commerce n.→ a. 7. ultimate a.→ad. 8. resident n.→a. 9. creative a.→n. 10. vital a.→n. 11. comparative a. ad. 12.secure a.→n. 13. urgent a.→n. 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、考纲识词知意 1. distinct a. _____________ 2. vision n. _____________ 3. urban a. _____________ 4. community n. _____________ 5. whereby conj. __________ 6. so-called a. _____________ 7. function vt. _____________ 8. sustain vt. _____________ 9. note vt. _____________ 10. crucial a. _____________ 11. sidewalk n. _____________ 12. complex a. _____________ 13. encounter n. _____________ 14. individual n. _____________ 15. element n. _____________ 16. determine vt. _____________ 17. critical a. _____________ 18. maintain vt. _____________ 三、高频词块默写 1. in particular 2. at the heart of 3. interact with 4. prefers A to B 5. be subject to 6. be lined with 四、真题单句填空 1. Jane Jacobs spent her working life __________(advance) a distinct vision of the city — in particular focusing on __________ makes a successful urban community. 2. At the heart of her vision is the idea __________ urban life should be an __________(energy) and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact __________ one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. 3. She prefers disorder __________ order, walking to driving, and __________(diverse) to uniformity. 4. For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings __________ should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject __________ the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. 5. The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents __________(they). 6. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand __________ their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various __________(interaction). 7. Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of __________ urban community, __________(especial) the sidewalks. 8. The streets in __________ people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, __________ allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. 9. Such a complex but __________(ultimate) enriching set of encounters __________(help) individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. 10. Diversity and __________(mix) -use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. 11. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not __________(separate) out but instead be side by side, to allow __________ greater integration of people. 12. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine __________buildings get used and reused. 13. Finally, urban communities grow better in places __________ a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. 14. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of __________(creative) and vitality. 15. They are also safe places to be, because the __________(high) density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals __________ know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. ( 2024年新课标I卷 ) C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. ( 答案解析 ) ( 名校好题速递 ) 题型变式一：智慧城市阅读理解 【智慧城市·01】（24-25高二上·辽宁·期中）The World Architecture Festival has presented ‘Smart Cities’ awards to architectural plans that offer advanced design combined with an ability to address major world issues. The four winners tell you the future of some of the world’s largest cities. Lingang Open Zone Station TOD project-Shanghai, China Benoy’s plan is for a station to be built in Lingang New City. The station would offer two express lines to meet the needs of both tourists and residents; one direct to Shanghai Pudong International Airport, and another linking the central area of Dishui Lake. To improve visibility of nearby stores, the station will be built in a streamlined shape. Centipede-Istanbul, Türkiye The project, led by Emre Arolat Architecture, seeks to deal with the complex issue of sustainable traffic choices. For Istanbul, the architectural team note that interruption of pedestrian (行人) flow is a key urban problem in the city. Therefore, the project aims to create new pathways and underground routes between currently separated roads. Future Vision for London Waterloo Station and South Bank-London, England Led by Grimshaw, this future vision considers social and economic factors within the architectural choices. The project offers more than 40 walking and cycling routes to improve passenger flow. Additionally, 1,900 sqm of new green space is planned to be created around the station. Knowledge Economic City-Madinah, Saudi Arabia This project, headed by DLR Group, outlines a plan to concentrate goods, services and knowledge around a new high-speed railway station. Neighbourhoods situated around parks allow leisure and a positive lifestyle. In addition, cycling and walkable networks ensure that the city will be comfortable for future residents. 1．Which city will provide two express lines to satisfy tourists’ needs? A．Shanghai. B．Istanbul. C．London. D．Madinah. 2．What’s the purpose of Emre Arolat Architecture? A．To create a streamlined station. B．To slow down the speed of traffic. C．To get a better view of nearby stores. D．To build new roads to link separated ones. 3．What do the last two projects have in common? A．They situate the communities in parks. B．They offer new green space around the station. C．They design cycling routes and walkable networks. D．They supply goods and services in neighbourhoods. 【智慧城市·02】（湖北荆门·二模）With intelligent systems and new-age transit networks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and more efficient. After all, more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. These cities will use 5G networks and the “internet of things” (IoT) to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Some cities are already using smart technology to improve the lives of residents. But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. Smart cities will be interactive, allowing their residents to feel like they’re truly shaping their environment, instead of merely existing in it. “One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never have in the past,” said Mrinalini Ingram, head of a telecom company. Smart cities will also allow us to save resources. By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities as well. Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in small ways. China, for instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure(基础设施). 1．What calls for the development of smart cities? A．The rapid progress in 5G networks. B．The marked increase in world population. C．The growing number of residents living in cities. D．The major concern over the safety of living in cities. 2．How does the writer illustrate the way smart cities work? A．By making a contrast. B．By giving examples. C．By listing figures. D．By telling a story. 3．How do smart cities help us to live efficiently? A．By interacting directly with our environment. B．By keeping track of how the resources are used C．By ensuring no emission of air pollutants. D．By educating residents to save resources. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward smart cities? A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned.. 【智慧城市·03】（24-25高三上·天津滨海新·阶段练习）Just blocks away from Abbey Road Studios, the City of Westminster has completed work on a short but highly unusual new zebra crossing. The crossing has created a 3D visual effect giving the crossing the appearance of roadblocks from a long distance away, so it can easily make drivers take their feet off the accelerator pedal (油门踏板) and continue driving with extra carefulness at a lower speed, which is, in the end, the entire point. According to the City of Westminster, the 3D zebra crossing in St. John’s Wood, London — it can be found where St. John’s Wood High Street meets Wellington Place — is believed to be the first of its kind in the United Kingdom. Westminster City Council points out that while the 3D zebra crossing in St. John’s Wood is being tested for a 9- to 12-month period, there is the possibility that it could stay for longer depending on how drivers react to it. If it proves feasible, more 3D zebra crossings could replace boring old flat zebra crossings in small towns and big cities in a growing handful of countries including India, Germany and France. “Our 3D zebra crossing could be the future at road safety across the country,” says councilor Tim Mitchell, a member for Environment and City Management. “Far from being simply an excellent innovation (创新) that makes the ordinary look eye-catching and modern, the 3D effect helps drivers to see the crossing more easily.” However, a spokesperson for Britain’s Automobile Association (AA) says that using an optical illusion to slow traffic and improve safety along a specific area of road is “worth a try”, but that the approach shouldn't be viewed as possible for all of London because of the city’s street design. In other words, just because a 3D zebra crossing might prove successful in a Chinese city or a small Icelandic town doesn’t mean it’ll be practical in London. AA also strongly suggests careful further management of both driver and pedestrian safety. While the somewhat relaxing appearance of these crossings has proven practical in getting drivers to slow down, they can also attract a large number of people wanting to photograph without any planning in the middle of the street, which is dangerous. 1．What do you know about St. John’s Wood’s 3D zebra crossing? A．It can slow down the traffic. B．It is actually a kind of roadblock. C．It aims to reduce traffic jams and pollution. D．London is the first city around the world to build it 2．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean? A．Useless. B．Unpractical. C．Safe. D．Workable. 3．According to Tim Mitchell, he ______ . A．is interested in 3D technology B．is hopeful about 3D zebra crossings C．considers that 3D zebra crossings are a waste of space D．thinks that 3D zebra crossings can keep the traffic safe 4．The spokesperson of AA wants to say that ______. A．3D zebra crossings will not work across London B．3D zebra crossings are only useful in developed countries C．3D zebra crossings should be put to use around London at once D．3D zebra crossings need to be improved according to the streets of London 5．According to the last paragraph, the 3D zebra crossing ______. A．has become a tourist attraction B．can make sure of the safety of pedestrians C．has both advantages and disadvantages D．can put some careless drivers into danger 【智慧城市·04】（高二上·广东揭阳·阶段练习）With intelligent systems and new-age transit networks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and more efficient. After all, more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. These cities will use 5G networks and the “internet of things” (IoT) to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Some cities are already using smart technology to improve the lives of residents. But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors (传感器) around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. Smart cities will be interactive, allowing their residents to feel like they’re truly shaping their environment, instead of merely existing in it. “One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never have in the past,” said Mrinalini Ingram, head of a telecom company. “Smart cities will also allow us to save resources.” said Mrinalini Ingram.“By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities as well.” Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in small ways. China, for instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure (基础设施). 1．What calls for the development of smart cities? A．The rapid progress in 5G networks. B．The marked increase in world population. C．The growing number of residents living in cities. D．The major concern over the safety of living in cities. 2．How does the author explain the way smart cities work? A．By making a contrast. B．By giving examples. C．By listing figures. D．By telling a story. 3．What can we learn from Mrinalini Ingram about smart cities? A．Air pollution will be stopped in its track. B．People will be better aware of environmental protection. C．People will be able to make the most of our environment at will. D．Resources can be saved by keeping track of how they are used. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward smart cities? A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. 【智慧城市·05】（广东广州·三模）In 1561, King Philip Ⅱ of Spain made the decision to move the capital to Madrid, which had a significant impact on the city’s environment that is still felt today. Some suggest that the move was motivated by a desire for a healthier environment for his wife, as well as Madrid’s closeness to the Manzanares River. However, the removal of the surrounding woodlands to support the royal court exposed the city to severe weather, leading to the saying “nine months of winter and three of hell”. Today, Madrid continues to struggle with environmental problems, such as pollution from a large number of vehicles that enter the city each day. To battle with this issue, Madrid’s city planners are constructing a 75-kilometer-long Metropolitan Forest, which is one of the most ambitious initiatives of its kind in Europe. This forest will consist of 1.5 million trees of species native to Madrid, along with eco-friendly bridges and recreational centers. Additionally, a 23-kilometer-long Forest Avenue for cyclists and pedestrians will connect the new forest with existing parks, schools, offices, and the airport. In 20 years, the Metropolitan Forest should be able to remove more than 800,000 tonnes of CO from the city’s atmosphere. The idea for the forest was born in 2019 when Madrid councilors for urban development asked the children what kind of Madrid they would like to see in 2040. The dominating response was a “green city”, which motivated the city council to plan seriously. The city council has been aware of Madrid’s environmental problems since the 1990s, but it wasn’t until 2019, when a survey revealed that over 40 percent of the citizens cited the environment as the city’s number one  problem that they decided to take action. The Metropolitan Forest project represents a significant investment in Madrid’s future, demonstrating how a willingness to listen to the next generation’s ideas and the public’s concerns can lead to positive change. 1．What was the consequence of King Philip Ⅱ’s decision? A．Water shortage. B．His wife’s better health. C．Sufficient wood supply. D．Worsened climate. 2．What is the expected outcome of the Metropolitan Forest plan? A．More automatic public service systems. B．Wider spread of tree species unique to Madrid. C．Greener transportation and cleaner management. D．More investment and advanced city management. 3．What stimulated the idea for the Metropolitan Forest? A．The proposal of Madrid’s city planners. B．Madrid’s urgent need for urban development. C．Younger generation’s vision of future Madrid. D．The result of a survey among Madrid’s councilors. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To call of Madrid’s citizens to go green. B．To introduce an eco-friendly initiative of Madrid. C．To describe the struggles of Madrid’s urbanization. D．To argue that city plans should agree with citizens’ will. 【智慧城市·06】（高二上·安徽·竞赛）With the rapid development of intelligent systems and new-age transit networks,life in the big cities will likely be more efficient and comfortable. After all,more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050 , according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. These cities will use 5G networks and the “Internet of things”(IoT) to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Some cities are already using smart technology to improve the lives of residents. But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors(传感器)around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark,a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. Smart cities will be interactive，allowing their residents to feel like they’ re truly shaping their environment,instead of merely existing in it.“One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never have in the past,”said Mrinalini Ingram,head of a telecom company. Smart cities will also allow us to save resources. By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water，gas and electricity,city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities as well. Of course,it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in smart ways. China, for instance,is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long before even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure( 基础设施). 1．What calls for the development of smart cities? A．The rapid progress in 5G networks. B．The marked increase in world population. C．The growing number of residents living in cities. D．The major concern over the safety of living in cities. 2．How does the writer illustrate the way smart cities work? A．By making a contrast. B．By telling a story. C．By listing figures. . D．By giving examples. 3．How do smart cities help us to protect the environment? A．By interacting directly with our environment. B．By keeping track of the way we usually live. C．By ensuring no emission of air pollutants. D．By educating residents to save resources. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Smart City Closer to Reality. B．The Rise and Fall of Cities. C．How to Save Natural Resources. D．Ways to Feed the World Population. 【智慧城市·07】（24-25高二上·重庆·期中）Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of technologies to become more responsive to its residents’ needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make today’s cities liveable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life. Kris Carter rolled out Boston’s smart city program in 2014. It started with an app that residents could download to report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city sorted out those reports and ranked them in a database, which repair crews used to prioritize their work. The system worked beautifully, except for one problem: most of the alerts (警报) came from wealthier neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone-equipped residents was highest. “The complaints from the app didn’t always correlate with the greatest community need for repairs,” explains Carter. Carter’s group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-savvy (精通技术的) residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving. When it came to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of collecting repair tips, hiring people to get out and walk the city’s 1, 700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their condition. Whether using low-tech or high-tech approaches, says Carter, to stay smart, a city needs to continually reassess its options to spot opportunities to improve residents’ lives. Take the sidewalk repair program, walking on the streets was proved a useful, if inefficient way to prioritizo repair needs. But last year the group found that walkers’ mobile phones could be tracked as they moved along the streets, and that data could be analyzed to identify side walk routes which are most often used by neighborhoods. “Combined with our other sidewalk information, that gave us an even better way to predict where faster repairs would do the most good,” says Carter. “We’re really always looking for whatever mix of approaches best solves the problem. ” 1．How did Kris Carter carry out the smart city program? A．By writing reports on sidewalk locations. B．By processing reports collected from an app. C．By presenting data on sidewalk usage. D．By comparing data from different databases. 2．What problem did Kris Carter’s team meet when carrying out their program? A．They faced many technical problems. B．They were not supported by residents. C．They couldn’t serve all residents well. D．They were annoyed by being short-staffed. 3．Which of the following might Kris Carter most agree with? A．Maximizing the benefits of technology. B．Mixing approaches for solving problems. C．Having greater confidence in the residents. D．Letting tech companies be a leading role. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A smart city: more than just tech B．A city with intelligent facilities C．Joint-effort in city construction D．The modernization of a city 【智慧城市·08】（24-25高一上·山东济南·期中）As climate change quickly advances, many Middle Eastern countries are making the change from oil-based economies to ones that attract people from around the world--for travelling, business, work or to live. One such example is NEOM to be built in Saudi Arabia. A key part of NEOM is“The Line”, an AS725 billion futuristic (未来派的) city which will house 9 million people. It is a mirrored wall-like building, 200 meters wide and 500 meters tall. To be built in north-western Tabuk province, the project will spread 170 kilometres from the Red Sea across deserts, mountains and valleys. At first look, the project appears environmentally impressive. The city area is no more than 100 metres from any point in the city. A high-speed electric public transport service makes sure every part of The Line is within 20 minutes away. Unfortunately, as in many high-rise buildings with a large population inside, a vertical (垂直的) transportation system would be needed, for it is equal to a 125-floor building. The project costs also seem OK at US$55,000 per person. Let’s say this is achievable (做的成的) in a country like Saudi Arabia and only covers infrastructure (基础设施). Even so, it remains to be seen how super-high-speed transport and most advanced infrastructure and services in the hugest building ever built can be cost-effective. The Line is planned for green living. Energy comes from renewable (可更新的) sources, waste water is recycled (回收), and it owns the latest “smart city” and mixed-use building technologies. Car ownership is avoided in favour of walking, cycling and public transport. However, the materials to be used and the building of such a big project could be very harmful to the environment. The plan says no one would be more than two minutes from nature. But does this include the waiting times for a lift? Without careful design, a high dependence on vertical transportation may ruin the pleasure of walkable or bicycle-friendly areas. 1．Why will “The Line” be built in Saudi Arabia? A．To take a step towards green economies. B．To attract more tourists from all over the world. C．To house the increasıng population in Saudi Arabia. D．To make preparations for a project known as NEOM. 2．How does the author introduce “The Line” in paragraph 2? A．By giving an example. B．By expressing opinions. C．By providing numbers. D．By making a comparison. 3．What do we know about “The Line”? A．It will possibly cost AS725 million to build. B．It will be completely environmentally friendly. C．It will require a vertical transportation system. D．It will be a 125-floor mirrored wall-like building. 4．What attitude does the author take towards “The Line”? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Unconcerned. D．Hopeful. 【智慧城市·09】（2024·云南·模拟预测）In the more than 6,000 years of living in cities, humans have always had to find solutions to problems concerning how they live and work, such as sanitation, transportation, crime and environmental protection. Today, using cutting-edge technologies, smart cities can cover them all. We are now in the era of being “smart”. According to the European Commission, a smart city is “a place where traditional networks and services are made more efficient with the use of digital solutions for the benefit of its inhabitants and businesses”. It means smarter urban transport networks, upgraded water supplies and waste disposal facilities and more efficient ways to light and heat buildings. It also means a more interactive and responsive city administration, safer public spaces and meeting the needs of an aging population. The origin of the concept of smart cities can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s, when the US Community Analysis Bureau began using databases, aerial photography and other digital methods to collect data and do analysis so that the cities could direct services, relieve the influence of disasters and reduce poverty. Smart cities rely heavily on automation, connectivity to the Internet , and the Internet of things (IoT). According to TWI, a global organization dedicated to technology engineering, a smart city operates according to four basic steps: collection, analysis, communication, and action. In this approach, a set of smart sensors will collect real-time data about people and infrastructure. After the data collected is analyzed, the result will be communicated to the decision-makers, who will take action to improve the quality of city life for its residents. Smart city technologies have already been applied in some countries and cities around the world. Singapore, for example, has introduced a wide range of smart technologies in both its public and private sectors since launching its Smart Nation initiative in 2014. To help with the aging population, it introduced a digital health system allowing video consultations as well as wearable devices to monitor patients. 1．What is the main feature of a smart city? A．It can meet the needs of the elderly. B．It is fully evolved and multi-functional. C．It highly depends on modern technologies. D．It is a place where one can live a carefree life. 2．What may TWI agree with? A．Decision-makers are supposed to analyze the real-time data. B．Joint efforts are required to ensure the operation of a smart city. C．The quality of city life has improved due to the government initiative. D．Problems still exist in the smart city despite great convenience it brings. 3．Why is Singapore mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To praise its contribution to the world. B．To show its advantage over other countries. C．To gain widespread support for a smart city. D．To illustrate the application of smart city technologies. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Smart City: A Brief History B．Smart City: Live the Smart Way C．Smart City: Say Goodbye to the Past D．Smart City: Both Chances and Challenges 【智慧城市·10】（2024·全国·模拟预测）Cities around the world are racing to become “smart”. It’s just like a classroom full of hard-working students. Take Toronto, Canada, for example. Tech company Google has made public a 1,500-page plan. It is going to remake two neighborhoods with things like snow-melting roads. To build smart cities, we need lots of new technologies, such as robots and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies will lead to safer and more efficient (效率高的) cities. However, they will also raise questions about privacy. But there is a more serious problem: Smart cities will be difficult to manage. As we know, tech products are sometimes unreliable (不可靠的). The Internet and our computers break down regularly. Tech products also age quickly. Only a few years into their lives, problems may become commoner and commoner. In smart cities, many basic systems and services, such as water services, are based on such tech products. What if they break down regularly? Can you imagine the result? New technologies in 2020 will be outdated before 2025. If we use smart technologies widely in cities, we will need to be prepared to replace them every few years. But who would want to pay this bill? The most important problem is whether having a smart city will make us better at solving urban problems, Smart technologies can’t solve problems on their own. Suppose AI programs discover a road that needs to be repaired. It still requires people to show up with asphalt (沥青) and a steamroller (蒸汽压路机), doesn’t it? As an engineer, I think smart technologies should have a place in cities. However, that place is not everywhere. For many of our urban problems, we don’t really need the latest technologies. The best of the old ideas works better. 1．The underlined word “students” refers to _________. A．cities in Canada B．advanced technologies C．cities around the world D．people living in the cities 2．According to the article, what is Google going to do? A．Remake two neighborhoods in Toronto. B．Make the company more efficient. C．Invent snow-melting roads. D．Make public a plan for rebuilding Toronto. 3．According to the article, what do we need to build smart cities? A．The best of old ideas. B．Lots of new technologies. C．Asphalt and steamrollers. D．The internet and computers. 4．The example of a road that needs to be repaired is used to show _________. A．tech products break down regularly in smart cities B．it is difficult and expensive to manage a smart city C．smart technologies can’t solve problems on their own D．many new technologies become outdated within five years 题型变式二：智慧城市七选五 【智慧城市·11】（23-24高二下·山东济宁·期中）In the more than 6,000 years of living in cities,humans have always had to find solutions to problems concerning how they live and work, such as sanitation (卫生), transportation and nature protection. In addition, important technological innovations require basic facilities: the electric grid; telephone and cell-phone networks and so on. 1 They can help provide for improved delivery and quality of services. A smart city is a place that uses digital methods to provide more efficient networks and services for the benefit of its residents and businesses. It means smarter urban transportation, advanced water supply and more efficient ways to light and heat buildings. 2 Smart cities rely heavily on automation and the internet of things. According to a global technology organization, a smart city works in four steps: collection, analysis, communication, and action. 3   After the data collected is analyzed, the result will be communicated to the decision-makers, who will take action to improve the city life of its residents. 4 Singapore, for example, has introduced a wide range of smart technologies inboth its public and private areas in 2024.To help with the aging population, it introduced a digital health system allowing video consultations as well as devices that can monitor their health. 5 However, as with any significant citywide technology initiative, implementation (实施) of smart cities takes vision, investment, and careful planning to ensure adoption and success. Taking the first steps toward picturing what your smart city might look like is, well, the smart thing to do. A．What does a smart city look like? B．It’s hard to ignore the many benefits connected cities offer. C．Today,using cutting-edge technologies,smart cities cover them all. D．It also means a more interactive city administration and safer public spaces. E．It can provide better transportation,safer society and effective decision and so on. F．Smart city technologies have already been applied in various countries across the world. G．During this process,a set of smart sensors will collect real-time data about people and facilities. $$ 2025年1月“八省联考”英语真题完全解读与考后提升 专题03 阅读理解C篇 (解读+词汇+变式+技巧+模拟) 解析版 目 录 原题呈现 1 答案解读 2 解题指导（夹叙夹议） 3 高考考向 3 语篇特点 3 解题策略 3 考点变式 4 词类转换 4 识词知意 5 高频词快 6 单句填空 6 2024真题 7 题型变式 9 变式一：智慧城市（10篇） 9 变式二：智慧城市（1篇） 30 真题变式方向：真题解读，解题指导，词形转换，高频词快，智慧城市，城市规划，和谐社会社区 ( 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解关键词：夹叙夹议,人与社会,理想城市远景,城市规划与发展,海绵城市,智慧城市,和谐社会 Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city — in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity. For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions. Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. 28. What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community? A. Efficient public transport. B. Strong interaction between people. C. Uniform style of buildings. D. A comparatively large population. 29. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development? A. Local residents. B. Government officials. C. City planners. D. Construction workers. 30 . How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs. C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old. 31. According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of _______. A. pride B. comfort C. security D. urgency ( 答案解析 ) 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了Jacobs一生致力于推进一种独特的城市愿景，尤其关注是什么造就了一个成功的城市社区。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. (她构想的核心在于，城市生活应当充满活力且丰富多彩，人们能够在密集且令人兴奋的城市环境中相互交流。)”可知，Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区来说，人与人之间的强烈互动是最重要的。故选B项。 29.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For Jacobs (对于Jacobs来说)”以及“The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. (一个城市应该如何发展，最好的评判者是当地居民自己。)”可知，Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。故选A项。 30.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. (人们居住的街道应当是纵横交错的人行道构成的紧密格局，这样人们才能相遇、交谈并相互了解。这样一系列复杂但最终丰富了个人经历的相遇，有助于人们更好地了解自己的邻居和社区。)”可知，Jacobs建议如何修建连接紧密的人行道。故选C项。 31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. (它们也是安全的地方，因为人口密度高意味着有更多“街头的眼睛”：店主和当地人熟悉自己的区域，并密切留意着社区的情况。)”可知，Jacobs认为，“街头的眼睛”给人带来一种安全的感觉。故选C项。 ( 解题指导 ) 阅读理解夹叙夹议题型特点 一、高考考向 夹叙夹议是一种写作方法，它要求一面叙述某一件事，一面又对这件事进行分析、评论。这种方法的好处是：笔法灵活多变，生动活泼，还可以起到总起、提示、过渡和总结等作用。正是由于这种方法能够具体地记叙事件，充分地抒发感情，而且能直接揭示所写对象的意义，因而历来为人们所重视。在叙述的过程中插入议论，以表明对所写人物或事件的认识、态度和评价的一种表达方式。 二、语篇特点 夹叙夹议主要有以下三种表达形式：一是先议后叙（概括式）。这时的议论往往出现在文章的篇首，主要作用是提示和点题。二是先叙后议（总结式）。这时的议论往往出现在文章或一段文字的结尾，其作用是总结全文、深化主题、画龙点睛、启迪思维等。三是边叙边议（包容式），即边叙述事实，边进行议论，以发表对所叙事实的看点。 三、满分技巧 文章写作要领可概括为“引、析、点、联、结”五步法。具体地说，就是： 引：文章一开头：就把供料中最能提炼出观点、论点或最能加以引申和发挥的中心语句、关键语引入文中。或全引，或摘引，或意引，使文章内容成为“有源之水”、“有本之木”，做到紧扣供料展开议论。 析：对所引用的材料，从不同角度－－或正反，或今昔，或中外，或褒贬，进行一分为二的辩证分析，为亮出论点张本。但分析不宜过多、过长，以避免就事论事，喧宾夺主。 点：在分析所引供料的基础上，水到渠成、瓜熟蒂落地亮出提炼出来的论点。承上启下，过渡到联系社会、生活、思想实际，选用论据对论点加以论证。论点力求鲜明、深刻，语句力求概括，凝练。 联：紧扣论点联系实际，运用典型论据，或举实例，或讲道理，通过最佳论证方法，或正反对比，或比喻证明，用喻证法，或层层递进，对论点展开论证。 结：对论证过程的内容加以提纲挈领式的归纳总结，得出结论。做到既符合供料的主旨；又紧扣从供料中提炼出来的论点。 特点：夹叙夹议的特点是叙事和议论穿插进行，写法上灵活多变,作者可以自由自在表情达意。采用夹叙夹议的方法的文章会注意叙事的连贯性，议论插入会自然。 ( 考点变式 ) 一、高频词类转换 1.energy n.→a. 2. diverse a.→n. 3.uniform a.→ n. 4. organ n.→a. 5. interact v.→ n. 6. commerce n.→ a. 7. ultimate a.→ad. 8. resident n.→a. 9. creative a.→n. 10. vital a.→n. 11. comparative a. ad. 12.secure a.→n. 13. urgent a.→n. 【参考答案】 1. energetic精力充沛的 2. diversity多样性，多样化3. uniformity统一性，一致性4. organic有机的，绿色的；有机物的5. interaction互动，交流6. ultimately最终，最后7. commercial商业的，商务的；商业化的 8. residential住宅区的，居民区的9. creativity创造力，独创性10. vitality热情；生机11. comparatively比较地，相对地12. security保证；安全，安全感13. urgency迫切；迫切需要 1 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、考纲识词知意 1. distinct a. _____________ 2. vision n. _____________ 3. urban a. _____________ 4. community n. _____________ 5. whereby conj. __________ 6. so-called a. _____________ 7. function vt. _____________ 8. sustain vt. _____________ 9. note vt. _____________ 10. crucial a. _____________ 11. sidewalk n. _____________ 12. complex a. _____________ 13. encounter n. _____________ 14. individual n. _____________ 15. element n. _____________ 16. determine vt. _____________ 17. critical a. _____________ 18. maintain vt. _____________ 【参考答案】 1. 不同的；明显的2. 幻想；幻觉；展望；眼力3. 城市的，城镇的4.社区5. 凭此，借以，与……一致6. 所谓的；叫做……的7.运转；行使职责8. 维持；维持……的生命9. 留意，注意；指出10. 至关重要的，决定性的11. 人行道12. 复杂的，难懂的；组合的，合成的13.14. 邂逅；经历，体验；冲突15. 要素；元素16. 决定，控制17. 批判的，爱挑剔的；极其重要的，关键的18. 维持；维修，保养 三、高频词块默写 1. in particular 2. at the heart of 3. interact with 4. prefers A to B 5. be subject to 6. be lined with 【参考答案】 1. 特别地2. 在……的核心3. 与……互动4. 宁要……不要……5. 受制于，遭受，易受影响6. 沿…排列 四、真题单句填空 1. Jane Jacobs spent her working life __________(advance) a distinct vision of the city — in particular focusing on __________ makes a successful urban community. 2. At the heart of her vision is the idea __________ urban life should be an __________(energy) and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact __________ one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. 3. She prefers disorder __________ order, walking to driving, and __________(diverse) to uniformity. 4. For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings __________ should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject __________ the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. 5. The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents __________(they). 6. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand __________ their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various __________(interaction). 7. Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of __________ urban community, __________(especial) the sidewalks. 8. The streets in __________ people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, __________ allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. 9. Such a complex but __________(ultimate) enriching set of encounters __________(help) individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. 10. Diversity and __________(mix) -use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. 11. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not __________(separate) out but instead be side by side, to allow __________ greater integration of people. 12. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine __________buildings get used and reused. 13. Finally, urban communities grow better in places __________ a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. 14. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of __________(creative) and vitality. 15. They are also safe places to be, because the __________(high) density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals __________ know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. 【参考答案】 1. advancing, what 2. that, energetic, with 3. to, diversity 4. that/which, to5. themselves 6. how, interactions 7. an, especially 8. which, which 9. ultimately, helps 10. mixed 11. be separated, for 12. how 13. where 14. creativity 15. higher, who/that ( 2024年新课标I卷 ) C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. ( 答案解析 ) 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 28.词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 29.推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 30.细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 ( 名校好题速递 ) 题型变式一：智慧城市阅读理解 【智慧城市·01】（24-25高二上·辽宁·期中）The World Architecture Festival has presented ‘Smart Cities’ awards to architectural plans that offer advanced design combined with an ability to address major world issues. The four winners tell you the future of some of the world’s largest cities. Lingang Open Zone Station TOD project-Shanghai, China Benoy’s plan is for a station to be built in Lingang New City. The station would offer two express lines to meet the needs of both tourists and residents; one direct to Shanghai Pudong International Airport, and another linking the central area of Dishui Lake. To improve visibility of nearby stores, the station will be built in a streamlined shape. Centipede-Istanbul, Türkiye The project, led by Emre Arolat Architecture, seeks to deal with the complex issue of sustainable traffic choices. For Istanbul, the architectural team note that interruption of pedestrian (行人) flow is a key urban problem in the city. Therefore, the project aims to create new pathways and underground routes between currently separated roads. Future Vision for London Waterloo Station and South Bank-London, England Led by Grimshaw, this future vision considers social and economic factors within the architectural choices. The project offers more than 40 walking and cycling routes to improve passenger flow. Additionally, 1,900 sqm of new green space is planned to be created around the station. Knowledge Economic City-Madinah, Saudi Arabia This project, headed by DLR Group, outlines a plan to concentrate goods, services and knowledge around a new high-speed railway station. Neighbourhoods situated around parks allow leisure and a positive lifestyle. In addition, cycling and walkable networks ensure that the city will be comfortable for future residents. 1．Which city will provide two express lines to satisfy tourists’ needs? A．Shanghai. B．Istanbul. C．London. D．Madinah. 2．What’s the purpose of Emre Arolat Architecture? A．To create a streamlined station. B．To slow down the speed of traffic. C．To get a better view of nearby stores. D．To build new roads to link separated ones. 3．What do the last two projects have in common? A．They situate the communities in parks. B．They offer new green space around the station. C．They design cycling routes and walkable networks. D．They supply goods and services in neighbourhoods. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个未来的智慧城市。 1．细节理解题。根据Lingang Open Zone Station TOD project-Shanghai, China部分中“The station would offer two express lines to meet the needs of both tourists and residents; one direct to Shanghai Pudong International Airport, and another linking the central area of Dishui Lake.(该站将提供两条快线，以满足游客和居民的需求；一条直达上海浦东国际机场，另一条连接滴水湖中心地区)”可知，该站将提供两条快速线路，以满足游客和居民的需求。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Centipede-Istanbul, Türkiye部分中“Therefore, the project aims to create new pathways and underground routes between currently separated roads.(因此，该项目旨在在目前分离的道路之间创建新的通道和地下路线)”可知，该项目的目的是在被分开的道路之间，修建新的道路和地下路线。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据Future Vision for London Waterloo Station and South Bank-London, England部分中“The project offers more than 40 walking and cycling routes to improve passenger flow.(该项目提供了40多条步行和自行车路线，以改善客流)”以及Knowledge Economic City-Madinah, Saudi Arabia部分中“In addition, cycling and walkable networks ensure that the city will be comfortable for future residents.(此外，自行车和步行网络确保城市对未来的居民来说将是舒适的)”可知，共同点是他们设计了骑行路线和步行网络。故选C。 【智慧城市·02】（湖北荆门·二模）With intelligent systems and new-age transit networks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and more efficient. After all, more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. These cities will use 5G networks and the “internet of things” (IoT) to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Some cities are already using smart technology to improve the lives of residents. But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. Smart cities will be interactive, allowing their residents to feel like they’re truly shaping their environment, instead of merely existing in it. “One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never have in the past,” said Mrinalini Ingram, head of a telecom company. Smart cities will also allow us to save resources. By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities as well. Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in small ways. China, for instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure(基础设施). 1．What calls for the development of smart cities? A．The rapid progress in 5G networks. B．The marked increase in world population. C．The growing number of residents living in cities. D．The major concern over the safety of living in cities. 2．How does the writer illustrate the way smart cities work? A．By making a contrast. B．By giving examples. C．By listing figures. D．By telling a story. 3．How do smart cities help us to live efficiently? A．By interacting directly with our environment. B．By keeping track of how the resources are used C．By ensuring no emission of air pollutants. D．By educating residents to save resources. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward smart cities? A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned.. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了创建智慧城市可以让生活可更幸福、更高效。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities.(让这些城市更适合这么多人居住的答案在于创建“智慧”城市)”可知，智慧城市的建立是解决未来城市人口过度的问题的需求。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors (传感器) around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. (但智能城市到底能做什么呢?在美国的波士顿和巴尔的摩，智能垃圾桶可以感知它们有多满，并在需要清空时通知清洁工人。在荷兰阿姆斯特丹，交通流量和能源使用情况根据城市周围传感器收集的实时数据进行监控和调整。在丹麦的哥本哈根，一个智能自行车系统可以让骑车的人在骑车时检查空气质量和交通状况)”可知是通过举例子来解释智能城市的运作方式，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently.(通过使用传感器和5G网络监控水、气和电的使用情况，城市管理者可以想出如何更有效地分配和节约这些资源)”可知，在智慧城市中，人们可以通过“跟踪”各种资源的利用情况，来提高生活效率。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in small ways. China, for instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure (基础设施). (当然，把我们现在的城市变成未来的智能城市需要时间和金钱。但正如我们已经看到的，世界各地越来越多的城市已经在小规模地采用智能技术。例如，中国正在上海和广州等大城市进行投资，使它们变得“更智能”。用不了多久，就会有更多的城市开始发展自己的智能基础设施。)”可知作者对智能城市的态度是积极的，乐观的。故选A。 【智慧城市·03】（24-25高三上·天津滨海新·阶段练习）Just blocks away from Abbey Road Studios, the City of Westminster has completed work on a short but highly unusual new zebra crossing. The crossing has created a 3D visual effect giving the crossing the appearance of roadblocks from a long distance away, so it can easily make drivers take their feet off the accelerator pedal (油门踏板) and continue driving with extra carefulness at a lower speed, which is, in the end, the entire point. According to the City of Westminster, the 3D zebra crossing in St. John’s Wood, London — it can be found where St. John’s Wood High Street meets Wellington Place — is believed to be the first of its kind in the United Kingdom. Westminster City Council points out that while the 3D zebra crossing in St. John’s Wood is being tested for a 9- to 12-month period, there is the possibility that it could stay for longer depending on how drivers react to it. If it proves feasible, more 3D zebra crossings could replace boring old flat zebra crossings in small towns and big cities in a growing handful of countries including India, Germany and France. “Our 3D zebra crossing could be the future at road safety across the country,” says councilor Tim Mitchell, a member for Environment and City Management. “Far from being simply an excellent innovation (创新) that makes the ordinary look eye-catching and modern, the 3D effect helps drivers to see the crossing more easily.” However, a spokesperson for Britain’s Automobile Association (AA) says that using an optical illusion to slow traffic and improve safety along a specific area of road is “worth a try”, but that the approach shouldn't be viewed as possible for all of London because of the city’s street design. In other words, just because a 3D zebra crossing might prove successful in a Chinese city or a small Icelandic town doesn’t mean it’ll be practical in London. AA also strongly suggests careful further management of both driver and pedestrian safety. While the somewhat relaxing appearance of these crossings has proven practical in getting drivers to slow down, they can also attract a large number of people wanting to photograph without any planning in the middle of the street, which is dangerous. 1．What do you know about St. John’s Wood’s 3D zebra crossing? A．It can slow down the traffic. B．It is actually a kind of roadblock. C．It aims to reduce traffic jams and pollution. D．London is the first city around the world to build it 2．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean? A．Useless. B．Unpractical. C．Safe. D．Workable. 3．According to Tim Mitchell, he ______ . A．is interested in 3D technology B．is hopeful about 3D zebra crossings C．considers that 3D zebra crossings are a waste of space D．thinks that 3D zebra crossings can keep the traffic safe 4．The spokesperson of AA wants to say that ______. A．3D zebra crossings will not work across London B．3D zebra crossings are only useful in developed countries C．3D zebra crossings should be put to use around London at once D．3D zebra crossings need to be improved according to the streets of London 5．According to the last paragraph, the 3D zebra crossing ______. A．has become a tourist attraction B．can make sure of the safety of pedestrians C．has both advantages and disadvantages D．can put some careless drivers into danger 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述英国威斯敏斯特市建立了一条3D斑马线来减缓交通以及人们对此的反应和态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The crossing has created a 3D visual effect giving the crossing the appearance of roadblocks from a long distance away, so it can easily make drivers take their feet off the accelerator pedal (油门踏板) and continue driving with extra carefulness at a lower speed, which is, in the end, the entire point.(该十字路口创造了3D视觉效果，使十字路口从很远的地方看起来像路障，所以它可以很容易地让司机把脚从油门踏板上移开，并以更低的速度继续格外小心地驾驶，这是最终的全部意义)”可知，圣约翰伍德的3D斑马线可以减缓交通，故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“more 3D zebra crossings could replace boring old flat zebra crossings in small towns and big cities in a growing handful of countries including India, Germany and France(那么在印度、德国和法国等越来越多的国家，更多的3D斑马线将取代小城镇和大城市中无聊的老式平面斑马线)”可知，此处指如果这项技术被证明是可行的，将会被推广到其他国家，feasible意为“可行的”，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘Our 3D zebra crossing could be the future at road safety across the country,’ says councilor Tim Mitchell, a member for Environment and City Management. ‘Far from being simply an excellent innovation (创新) that makes the ordinary look eye-catching and modern, the 3D effect helps drivers to see the crossing more easily.’(‘我们的3D斑马线可能成为未来全国道路安全的保障，’环境与城市管理委员会成员Tim Mitchell议员说。‘3D效果不仅仅是一项出色的创新，它让普通的东西看起来更加醒目和现代，它还能帮助司机更容易地看到十字路口。’)”可知，Tim Mitchell对3D斑马线充满希望，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, a spokesperson for Britain’s Automobile Association (AA) says that using an optical illusion to slow traffic and improve safety along a specific area of road is ‘worth a try’, but that the approach shouldn’t be viewed as possible for all of London because of the city’s street design.(然而，英国汽车协会（AA）的一位发言人表示，利用视错觉来减缓交通速度并提高特定区域道路的安全性‘值得一试’，但由于伦敦的街道设计，这种方法不应该被视为在整个伦敦都可行)”可知，英国汽车协会发言人想说的是3D斑马线不应被视为在整个伦敦都可行，故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“While the somewhat relaxing appearance of these crossings has proven practical in getting drivers to slow down, they can also attract a large number of people wanting to photograph without any planning in the middle of the street, which is dangerous.(虽然这些十字路口看起来有些放松，但事实证明，它们在让司机减速方面是可行的，但它们也会吸引大量想要在没有任何计划的情况下在街道中间拍照的人，这是危险的)”可知，3D斑马线有利有弊，故选C。 【智慧城市·04】（高二上·广东揭阳·阶段练习）With intelligent systems and new-age transit networks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and more efficient. After all, more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. These cities will use 5G networks and the “internet of things” (IoT) to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Some cities are already using smart technology to improve the lives of residents. But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors (传感器) around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. Smart cities will be interactive, allowing their residents to feel like they’re truly shaping their environment, instead of merely existing in it. “One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never have in the past,” said Mrinalini Ingram, head of a telecom company. “Smart cities will also allow us to save resources.” said Mrinalini Ingram.“By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities as well.” Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in small ways. China, for instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure (基础设施). 1．What calls for the development of smart cities? A．The rapid progress in 5G networks. B．The marked increase in world population. C．The growing number of residents living in cities. D．The major concern over the safety of living in cities. 2．How does the author explain the way smart cities work? A．By making a contrast. B．By giving examples. C．By listing figures. D．By telling a story. 3．What can we learn from Mrinalini Ingram about smart cities? A．Air pollution will be stopped in its track. B．People will be better aware of environmental protection. C．People will be able to make the most of our environment at will. D．Resources can be saved by keeping track of how they are used. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward smart cities? A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智能城市的优势和发展前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“After all, more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. (毕竟，根据联合国的一份报告，到2050年，预计全球60%以上的人口将居住在城市。让这些城市更适合这么多人居住的答案在于创造“智能”城市。)”可知因为越来越多的居民居住在城市里，需要创造智能城市。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors (传感器) around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. (但智能城市到底能做什么呢?在美国的波士顿和巴尔的摩，智能垃圾桶可以感知它们有多满，并在需要清空时通知清洁工人。在荷兰阿姆斯特丹，交通流量和能源使用情况根据城市周围传感器收集的实时数据进行监控和调整。在丹麦的哥本哈根，一个智能自行车系统可以让骑车的人在骑车时检查空气质量和交通状况。)”可知是通过举例子来解释智能城市的运作方式，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“ “Smart cities will also allow us to save resources.” said Mrinalini Ingram. “By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities as well.” (“智能城市还能让我们节约资源。”姆里纳利尼·英格拉姆说。“通过使用传感器和5G网络来监测水、气和电的使用情况，城市管理者可以找出如何更有效地分配和节约这些资源。在智能城市中，二氧化碳和其他空气污染物的排放也可以得到更密切的监测。”) ”可推断通过跟踪资源的使用情况可以节省资源。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in small ways. China, for instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure (基础设施). (当然，把我们现在的城市变成未来的智能城市需要时间和金钱。但正如我们已经看到的，世界各地越来越多的城市已经在小规模地采用智能技术。例如，中国正在上海和广州等大城市进行投资，使它们变得“更智能”。用不了多久，就会有更多的城市开始发展自己的智能基础设施。)”可知作者对智能城市的态度是积极的，乐观的。故选C。 【智慧城市·05】（广东广州·三模）In 1561, King Philip Ⅱ of Spain made the decision to move the capital to Madrid, which had a significant impact on the city’s environment that is still felt today. Some suggest that the move was motivated by a desire for a healthier environment for his wife, as well as Madrid’s closeness to the Manzanares River. However, the removal of the surrounding woodlands to support the royal court exposed the city to severe weather, leading to the saying “nine months of winter and three of hell”. Today, Madrid continues to struggle with environmental problems, such as pollution from a large number of vehicles that enter the city each day. To battle with this issue, Madrid’s city planners are constructing a 75-kilometer-long Metropolitan Forest, which is one of the most ambitious initiatives of its kind in Europe. This forest will consist of 1.5 million trees of species native to Madrid, along with eco-friendly bridges and recreational centers. Additionally, a 23-kilometer-long Forest Avenue for cyclists and pedestrians will connect the new forest with existing parks, schools, offices, and the airport. In 20 years, the Metropolitan Forest should be able to remove more than 800,000 tonnes of CO from the city’s atmosphere. The idea for the forest was born in 2019 when Madrid councilors for urban development asked the children what kind of Madrid they would like to see in 2040. The dominating response was a “green city”, which motivated the city council to plan seriously. The city council has been aware of Madrid’s environmental problems since the 1990s, but it wasn’t until 2019, when a survey revealed that over 40 percent of the citizens cited the environment as the city’s number one  problem that they decided to take action. The Metropolitan Forest project represents a significant investment in Madrid’s future, demonstrating how a willingness to listen to the next generation’s ideas and the public’s concerns can lead to positive change. 1．What was the consequence of King Philip Ⅱ’s decision? A．Water shortage. B．His wife’s better health. C．Sufficient wood supply. D．Worsened climate. 2．What is the expected outcome of the Metropolitan Forest plan? A．More automatic public service systems. B．Wider spread of tree species unique to Madrid. C．Greener transportation and cleaner management. D．More investment and advanced city management. 3．What stimulated the idea for the Metropolitan Forest? A．The proposal of Madrid’s city planners. B．Madrid’s urgent need for urban development. C．Younger generation’s vision of future Madrid. D．The result of a survey among Madrid’s councilors. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To call of Madrid’s citizens to go green. B．To introduce an eco-friendly initiative of Madrid. C．To describe the struggles of Madrid’s urbanization. D．To argue that city plans should agree with citizens’ will. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了马德里规划建设森林来解决环境问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, the removal of the surrounding woodlands to support the royal court exposed the city to severe weather, leading to the saying “nine months of winter and three of hell”.”（然而，为支持王室而移走周围的林地使城市暴露在恶劣的天气中，导致了“九个月的冬天和三个月的地狱”的说法。）可知国王菲利普二世决定的后果是导致了气候恶化。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Additionally, a 23-kilometer-long Forest Avenue for cyclists and pedestrians will connect the new forest with existing parks, schools, offices, and the airport.”（此外，一条长达23公里的自行车和行人的森林大道将把新森林与现有的公园、学校、办公室和机场连接起来。）以及“In 20 years, the Metropolitan Forest should be able to remove more than 800,000 tonnes of CO from the city’s atmosphere.”（在20年内，大都会森林应该能够从城市的大气中清除超过80万吨的二氧化碳。）可推知森林计划预期会达到绿色交通和清洁管理的效果。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Metropolitan Forest project represents a significant investment in Madrid’s future, demonstrating how a willingness to listen to the next generation’s ideas and the public’s concerns can lead to positive change.”（大都会森林项目代表了对马德里未来的一项重大投资，表明愿意倾听下一代的想法和公众的关注如何能够带来积极的变化。）可知是年轻一代对未来马德里的愿景激发了大都市森林的想法。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“To battle with this issue, Madrid’s city planners are constructing a 75-kilometer-long Metropolitan Forest, which is one of the most ambitious initiatives of its kind in Europe.”（为了解决这个问题，马德里的城市规划者正在建设一个75公里长的大都会森林，这是欧洲同类项目中最雄心勃勃的举措之一。）可知作者写这篇文章的目的时为了介绍马德里的一项生态友好倡议。故选B项。 【智慧城市·06】（高二上·安徽·竞赛）With the rapid development of intelligent systems and new-age transit networks,life in the big cities will likely be more efficient and comfortable. After all,more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050 , according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. These cities will use 5G networks and the “Internet of things”(IoT) to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Some cities are already using smart technology to improve the lives of residents. But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors(传感器)around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark,a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. Smart cities will be interactive，allowing their residents to feel like they’ re truly shaping their environment,instead of merely existing in it.“One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never have in the past,”said Mrinalini Ingram,head of a telecom company. Smart cities will also allow us to save resources. By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water，gas and electricity,city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities as well. Of course,it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in smart ways. China, for instance,is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long before even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure( 基础设施). 1．What calls for the development of smart cities? A．The rapid progress in 5G networks. B．The marked increase in world population. C．The growing number of residents living in cities. D．The major concern over the safety of living in cities. 2．How does the writer illustrate the way smart cities work? A．By making a contrast. B．By telling a story. C．By listing figures. . D．By giving examples. 3．How do smart cities help us to protect the environment? A．By interacting directly with our environment. B．By keeping track of the way we usually live. C．By ensuring no emission of air pollutants. D．By educating residents to save resources. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Smart City Closer to Reality. B．The Rise and Fall of Cities. C．How to Save Natural Resources. D．Ways to Feed the World Population. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科技快速发展催生的智能城市的现状与前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段句子“The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart cities”（ 让城市成为这么众多人的更宜居的住所的解决方法就是发展智能城市）可知，发展智能城市是为了众多的人“for so many people”，与选项C的内容“The growing number of residents living in cities”（住在城市里的居民的数量在增长）一致，故选 C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段句子“In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark,a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride.”（在美国的波士顿和巴尔的摩等城市，智能垃圾桶可以感应到垃圾桶有多满，并在需要清空时通知清洁工人。在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹，交通流量和能源使用受到监控，并根据从城市周围的传感器收集的实时数据进行调整。在丹麦的哥本哈根，一种智能自行车系统可以让骑车者在骑车时检查空气质量和交通状况。）可知，作者例举了美国的 Boston 和 Baltimore 的垃圾箱中的传感器感知垃圾箱是否已满并能通知清洁工什么时候来清空的例子、荷兰阿姆斯特丹的交通车流量情况和能源使用情况由实时的传感器来收集数据的例子和丹麦的哥本哈根智能自行车能检测空气质量与交通状况的例子，共例举了三个国家的具体例子阐明 smart cities的运作方式，故选 D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段句子“Smart cities will be interactive ,allowing their residents to feel like they' re truly shaping their environment, instead of merely existing in it.”(智能城市会是交互式的，能使市民认为他们正在影响环境，而不是仅仅存在环境里)内容可知，智能城市能让市民直接与身边的环境互动，从而有助于环境保护。故选 A。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科技快速发展催生的智能城市的现状与前景，又根据最后一段首句“Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future.”（当然，把我们现在的城市变成未来的智能城市需要时间和金钱。）及尾句“It won’t be long before even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure”（用不了多久，就会有更多的城市开始开发自己的智能基础设施。）可知，智能城市离现实越来越近，与A项中的“Closer to Reality”一致。故选A。 【点睛】智能城市是个热门话题。本文中与智能科技相关的词块很多，如intelligent systems、new-age transit networks、5G networks、 smart trash can 等。能找出更多的与智能科技有关的内容。 【智慧城市·07】（24-25高二上·重庆·期中）Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of technologies to become more responsive to its residents’ needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make today’s cities liveable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life. Kris Carter rolled out Boston’s smart city program in 2014. It started with an app that residents could download to report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city sorted out those reports and ranked them in a database, which repair crews used to prioritize their work. The system worked beautifully, except for one problem: most of the alerts (警报) came from wealthier neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone-equipped residents was highest. “The complaints from the app didn’t always correlate with the greatest community need for repairs,” explains Carter. Carter’s group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-savvy (精通技术的) residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving. When it came to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of collecting repair tips, hiring people to get out and walk the city’s 1, 700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their condition. Whether using low-tech or high-tech approaches, says Carter, to stay smart, a city needs to continually reassess its options to spot opportunities to improve residents’ lives. Take the sidewalk repair program, walking on the streets was proved a useful, if inefficient way to prioritizo repair needs. But last year the group found that walkers’ mobile phones could be tracked as they moved along the streets, and that data could be analyzed to identify side walk routes which are most often used by neighborhoods. “Combined with our other sidewalk information, that gave us an even better way to predict where faster repairs would do the most good,” says Carter. “We’re really always looking for whatever mix of approaches best solves the problem. ” 1．How did Kris Carter carry out the smart city program? A．By writing reports on sidewalk locations. B．By processing reports collected from an app. C．By presenting data on sidewalk usage. D．By comparing data from different databases. 2．What problem did Kris Carter’s team meet when carrying out their program? A．They faced many technical problems. B．They were not supported by residents. C．They couldn’t serve all residents well. D．They were annoyed by being short-staffed. 3．Which of the following might Kris Carter most agree with? A．Maximizing the benefits of technology. B．Mixing approaches for solving problems. C．Having greater confidence in the residents. D．Letting tech companies be a leading role. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A smart city: more than just tech B．A city with intelligent facilities C．Joint-effort in city construction D．The modernization of a city 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以波士顿智慧城市计划为例，介绍了城市如何利用技术来更及时地响应居民需求，并讨论了技术在智慧城市计划中的应用以及存在的问题和解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Kris Carter rolled out Boston’s smart city program in 2014. It started with an app that residents could download to report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city sorted out those reports and ranked them in a database, which repair crews used to prioritize their work. (Kris Carter在2014年推出了波士顿的智慧城市计划。该计划始于一款应用程序，居民可以下载该应用程序来报告需要维修的人行道位置。城市会对这些报告进行整理，并在数据库中对其进行排名，维修团队则根据这些排名来优先安排他们的工作。)”可知，Kris Carter实施的智慧城市计划是通过应用程序收集居民关于人行道维修的报告，并对这些报告进行处理和排名。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The system worked beautifully, except for one problem: most of the alerts came from wealthier neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone-equipped residents was highest. “The complaints from the app didn’t always correlate with the greatest community need for repairs,” explains Carter. (这个系统运行得很好，但有一个问题：大多数警报都来自较富裕的街区，因为这些街区配备智能手机的居民最为集中。“应用程序中的投诉并不总是与社区最需要维修的地方相关，”Carter解释道。)”可知，Kris Carter的团队发现他们的技术主导方法并没有覆盖到所有需要服务的人群。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving. When it came to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of collecting repair tips, hiring people to get out and walk the city’s 1, 700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their condition. (相反，他们召开会议，以了解不同街区的居民关心解决哪些问题。在人行道方面，波士顿采用了第二种收集维修建议的方法，即雇佣人员走出去，巡查城市1700英里的人行道，并记录它们的状况。)”以及最后一段““Combined with our other sidewalk information, that gave us an even better way to predict where faster repairs would do the most good, ” says Carter. “We’re really always looking for whatever mix of approaches best solves the problem. ”(“结合我们其他的人行道信息，这为我们提供了一个更好的方法来预测在哪里进行更快的维修会带来最大的好处，”Carter说。“我们一直在寻找最能解决问题的各种方法的组合。”)”可知，Kris Carter最可能同意的观点是选项B“Mixing approaches for solving problems（混合方法解决问题）”。这个观点与文章中提到的技术驱动方法的局限性以及需要更全面的解决方案来覆盖所有需要服务的人群的情况相符。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of technologies to become more responsive to its residents’ needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make today’s cities liveable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life. (波士顿希望变得更加智慧。这座城市已经利用技术来更及时地响应居民的需求。但是，仅凭技术还不足以让今天的城市变得宜居。波士顿已经发现，它还需要触及到那些老式的低技术社区，并将这些技术与城市生活融为一体。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了波士顿智慧城市计划，强调了技术虽然重要，但仅仅依赖技术并不足以使城市变得宜居。波士顿还需要触及那些老式的低技术社区，并将技术与城市生活融为一体。文章通过波士顿的例子，展示了智慧城市建设的复杂性和多元性，不仅涉及高科技，还需要考虑社区的需求和实际情况。选项A“A smart city: more than just tech（智慧城市：不仅仅是技术）”准确地概括了文章的主题，即智慧城市的建设不仅仅是依赖技术，还需要考虑其他因素。故选A。 【智慧城市·08】（24-25高一上·山东济南·期中）As climate change quickly advances, many Middle Eastern countries are making the change from oil-based economies to ones that attract people from around the world--for travelling, business, work or to live. One such example is NEOM to be built in Saudi Arabia. A key part of NEOM is“The Line”, an AS725 billion futuristic (未来派的) city which will house 9 million people. It is a mirrored wall-like building, 200 meters wide and 500 meters tall. To be built in north-western Tabuk province, the project will spread 170 kilometres from the Red Sea across deserts, mountains and valleys. At first look, the project appears environmentally impressive. The city area is no more than 100 metres from any point in the city. A high-speed electric public transport service makes sure every part of The Line is within 20 minutes away. Unfortunately, as in many high-rise buildings with a large population inside, a vertical (垂直的) transportation system would be needed, for it is equal to a 125-floor building. The project costs also seem OK at US$55,000 per person. Let’s say this is achievable (做的成的) in a country like Saudi Arabia and only covers infrastructure (基础设施). Even so, it remains to be seen how super-high-speed transport and most advanced infrastructure and services in the hugest building ever built can be cost-effective. The Line is planned for green living. Energy comes from renewable (可更新的) sources, waste water is recycled (回收), and it owns the latest “smart city” and mixed-use building technologies. Car ownership is avoided in favour of walking, cycling and public transport. However, the materials to be used and the building of such a big project could be very harmful to the environment. The plan says no one would be more than two minutes from nature. But does this include the waiting times for a lift? Without careful design, a high dependence on vertical transportation may ruin the pleasure of walkable or bicycle-friendly areas. 1．Why will “The Line” be built in Saudi Arabia? A．To take a step towards green economies. B．To attract more tourists from all over the world. C．To house the increasıng population in Saudi Arabia. D．To make preparations for a project known as NEOM. 2．How does the author introduce “The Line” in paragraph 2? A．By giving an example. B．By expressing opinions. C．By providing numbers. D．By making a comparison. 3．What do we know about “The Line”? A．It will possibly cost AS725 million to build. B．It will be completely environmentally friendly. C．It will require a vertical transportation system. D．It will be a 125-floor mirrored wall-like building. 4．What attitude does the author take towards “The Line”? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Unconcerned. D．Hopeful. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕沙特阿拉伯将要建设的The Line这一未来派城市项目展开，介绍了它的基本情况、规划理念以及可能面临的问题等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“As climate change quickly advances, many Middle Eastern countries are making the change from oil-based economies to ones that attract people from around the world--for travelling, business, work or to live. (随着气候变化迅速发展，许多中东国家正在从以石油为基础的经济向吸引来自世界各地的人们的经济转变——无论是旅游、商务、工作还是居住。)”及第二段中“其中一个例子是在沙特阿拉伯建造的NEOM。”可知，许多中东国家正从石油经济向吸引全球人才的经济转型。沙特阿拉伯建设The Line就是这样的一个例子，其目的是朝着绿色经济迈进，向非石油经济转型，故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A key part of NEOM is “The Line”, an AS725 billion futuristic (未来派的) city which will house 9 million people. It is a mirrored wall-like building, 200 meters wide and 500 meters tall. To be built in north-western Tabuk province, the project will spread 170 kilometres from the Red Sea across deserts, mountains and valleys. (NEOM的一个关键部分是“The Line”，这是一座价值7250亿的未来派城市，将容纳900万人口。这是一座镜面墙状建筑，宽200米，高500米。该项目将建在塔布克省西北部，距离红海170公里，横跨沙漠、山脉和山谷。)”可知，第二段主要是以列数字的方式来对其进行介绍的，故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unfortunately, as in many high-rise buildings with a large population inside, a vertical (垂直的) transportation system would be needed, for it is equal to a 125-floor building. (不幸的是，与许多内部人口众多的高层建筑一样，需要一个垂直交通系统，因为它相当于一栋125层的建筑。)”可知，由于其相当于125层的建筑，内部人口众多，所以需要垂直交通系统，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the materials to be used and the building of such a big project could be very harmful to the environment. The plan says no one would be more than two minutes from nature. But does this include the waiting times for a lift? Without careful design, a high dependence on vertical transportation may ruin the pleasure of walkable or bicycle-friendly areas.(然而，使用的材料和建造这样一个大项目可能对环境非常有害。该计划说，任何人离大自然的距离都不会超过两分钟。但这包括等电梯的时间吗？如果没有精心的设计，高度依赖垂直交通可能会破坏适合步行或自行车的区域的乐趣)”可推知，作者对“The Line”持怀疑态度。故选B。 【智慧城市·09】（2024·云南·模拟预测）In the more than 6,000 years of living in cities, humans have always had to find solutions to problems concerning how they live and work, such as sanitation, transportation, crime and environmental protection. Today, using cutting-edge technologies, smart cities can cover them all. We are now in the era of being “smart”. According to the European Commission, a smart city is “a place where traditional networks and services are made more efficient with the use of digital solutions for the benefit of its inhabitants and businesses”. It means smarter urban transport networks, upgraded water supplies and waste disposal facilities and more efficient ways to light and heat buildings. It also means a more interactive and responsive city administration, safer public spaces and meeting the needs of an aging population. The origin of the concept of smart cities can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s, when the US Community Analysis Bureau began using databases, aerial photography and other digital methods to collect data and do analysis so that the cities could direct services, relieve the influence of disasters and reduce poverty. Smart cities rely heavily on automation, connectivity to the Internet , and the Internet of things (IoT). According to TWI, a global organization dedicated to technology engineering, a smart city operates according to four basic steps: collection, analysis, communication, and action. In this approach, a set of smart sensors will collect real-time data about people and infrastructure. After the data collected is analyzed, the result will be communicated to the decision-makers, who will take action to improve the quality of city life for its residents. Smart city technologies have already been applied in some countries and cities around the world. Singapore, for example, has introduced a wide range of smart technologies in both its public and private sectors since launching its Smart Nation initiative in 2014. To help with the aging population, it introduced a digital health system allowing video consultations as well as wearable devices to monitor patients. 1．What is the main feature of a smart city? A．It can meet the needs of the elderly. B．It is fully evolved and multi-functional. C．It highly depends on modern technologies. D．It is a place where one can live a carefree life. 2．What may TWI agree with? A．Decision-makers are supposed to analyze the real-time data. B．Joint efforts are required to ensure the operation of a smart city. C．The quality of city life has improved due to the government initiative. D．Problems still exist in the smart city despite great convenience it brings. 3．Why is Singapore mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To praise its contribution to the world. B．To show its advantage over other countries. C．To gain widespread support for a smart city. D．To illustrate the application of smart city technologies. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Smart City: A Brief History B．Smart City: Live the Smart Way C．Smart City: Say Goodbye to the Past D．Smart City: Both Chances and Challenges 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了智慧城市的定义、起源、特点以及应用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, using cutting-edge technologies, smart cities can cover them all.(今天，使用尖端技术，智慧城市可以覆盖所有这些)”以及第四段“Smart cities rely heavily on automation, connectivity to the Internet , and the Internet of things (IoT).(智慧城市在很大程度上依赖于自动化、互联网连接和物联网)”可知，智慧城市利用尖端技术解决生活中的诸多问题，且在很大程度上依赖于自动化、互联网连接以及物联网。由此可见，智慧城市高度依赖现代技术，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“According to TWI, a global organization dedicated to technology engineering, a smart city operates according to four basic steps: collection, analysis, communication, and action. In this approach, a set of smart sensors will collect real-time data about people and infrastructure. After the data collected is analyzed, the result will be communicated to the decision-makers, who will take action to improve the quality of city life for its residents.(据致力于技术工程的全球性组织TWI介绍，智慧城市的运作需要四个基本步骤：收集、分析、沟通和行动。在这种方法中，一组智能传感器将收集有关人员和基础设施的实时数据。收集到的数据被分析后，结果将传达给决策者，决策者将采取行动改善城市居民的生活质量)”可知，智慧城市的正常运行需要多方的共同努力，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Smart city technologies have already been applied in some countries and cities around the world. Singapore, for example, has introduced a wide range of smart technologies in both its public and private sectors since launching its Smart Nation initiative in 2014.(智慧城市技术已经在世界上一些国家和城市得到了应用。例如，新加坡自2014年启动智能国家计划以来，在公共和私营部门引入了广泛的智能技术)”可知，提到新加坡，是为了进行举例说明智慧城市技术的应用，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Today, using cutting-edge technologies, smart cities can cover them all. We are now in the era of being “smart”.(今天，使用尖端技术，智慧城市可以覆盖所有这些。我们现在处在一个“智慧”时代)”及下文内容可知，本文介绍了智慧城市的定义、起源、特点以及应用。B项“智慧城市：智慧生活方式”体现出智能科技下的智慧生活，具有很强的概括性，故选B。 【智慧城市·10】（2024·全国·模拟预测）Cities around the world are racing to become “smart”. It’s just like a classroom full of hard-working students. Take Toronto, Canada, for example. Tech company Google has made public a 1,500-page plan. It is going to remake two neighborhoods with things like snow-melting roads. To build smart cities, we need lots of new technologies, such as robots and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies will lead to safer and more efficient (效率高的) cities. However, they will also raise questions about privacy. But there is a more serious problem: Smart cities will be difficult to manage. As we know, tech products are sometimes unreliable (不可靠的). The Internet and our computers break down regularly. Tech products also age quickly. Only a few years into their lives, problems may become commoner and commoner. In smart cities, many basic systems and services, such as water services, are based on such tech products. What if they break down regularly? Can you imagine the result? New technologies in 2020 will be outdated before 2025. If we use smart technologies widely in cities, we will need to be prepared to replace them every few years. But who would want to pay this bill? The most important problem is whether having a smart city will make us better at solving urban problems, Smart technologies can’t solve problems on their own. Suppose AI programs discover a road that needs to be repaired. It still requires people to show up with asphalt (沥青) and a steamroller (蒸汽压路机), doesn’t it? As an engineer, I think smart technologies should have a place in cities. However, that place is not everywhere. For many of our urban problems, we don’t really need the latest technologies. The best of the old ideas works better. 1．The underlined word “students” refers to _________. A．cities in Canada B．advanced technologies C．cities around the world D．people living in the cities 2．According to the article, what is Google going to do? A．Remake two neighborhoods in Toronto. B．Make the company more efficient. C．Invent snow-melting roads. D．Make public a plan for rebuilding Toronto. 3．According to the article, what do we need to build smart cities? A．The best of old ideas. B．Lots of new technologies. C．Asphalt and steamrollers. D．The internet and computers. 4．The example of a road that needs to be repaired is used to show _________. A．tech products break down regularly in smart cities B．it is difficult and expensive to manage a smart city C．smart technologies can’t solve problems on their own D．many new technologies become outdated within five years 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了建设智能城市，我们需要很多新技术以及智能城市的一些弊端。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Cities around the world are racing to become “smart”. It’s just like a classroom full of hard-working students. (世界各地的城市都在竞相变得“智能”。它就像一个充满了努力学习的学生的教室)”可知，这里的学生指的是前句提到的“世界各地的城市”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段“Take Toronto, Canada, for example. Tech company Google has made public a 1, 500-page plan. It is going to remake two neighborhoods with things like snow-melting roads. (以加拿大多伦多为例。科技公司谷歌公布了一份长达1500页的计划。它将用融雪道路等东西改造两个社区)”可知，科技公司谷歌要改造多伦多的两个社区。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“To build smart cities, we need lots of new technologies, such as robots and artificial intelligence (AI). (为了建设智慧城市，我们需要很多新技术，比如机器人和人工智能(AI))”可知，为了建设智能城市，我们需要很多新技术。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Smart technologies can’t solve problems on their own. Suppose AI programs discover a road that needs to be repaired. It still requires people to show up with asphalt (沥青)and a steamroller (蒸汽压路机), doesn’t it? (假设人工智能程序发现了一条需要维修的道路。它还是需要人们带着沥青和压路机出现，不是吗？)”可推知，一条需要修理的道路的例子是用来表明智能技术不能单独解决问题。故选C。 题型变式二：智慧城市七选五 【智慧城市·11】（23-24高二下·山东济宁·期中）In the more than 6,000 years of living in cities,humans have always had to find solutions to problems concerning how they live and work, such as sanitation (卫生), transportation and nature protection. In addition, important technological innovations require basic facilities: the electric grid; telephone and cell-phone networks and so on. 1 They can help provide for improved delivery and quality of services. A smart city is a place that uses digital methods to provide more efficient networks and services for the benefit of its residents and businesses. It means smarter urban transportation, advanced water supply and more efficient ways to light and heat buildings. 2 Smart cities rely heavily on automation and the internet of things. According to a global technology organization, a smart city works in four steps: collection, analysis, communication, and action. 3   After the data collected is analyzed, the result will be communicated to the decision-makers, who will take action to improve the city life of its residents. 4 Singapore, for example, has introduced a wide range of smart technologies inboth its public and private areas in 2024.To help with the aging population, it introduced a digital health system allowing video consultations as well as devices that can monitor their health. 5 However, as with any significant citywide technology initiative, implementation (实施) of smart cities takes vision, investment, and careful planning to ensure adoption and success.Taking the first steps toward picturing what your smart city might look like is, well, the smart thing to do. A．What does a smart city look like? B．It’s hard to ignore the many benefits connected cities offer. C．Today,using cutting-edge technologies,smart cities cover them all. D．It also means a more interactive city administration and safer public spaces. E．It can provide better transportation,safer society and effective decision and so on. F．Smart city technologies have already been applied in various countries across the world. G．During this process,a set of smart sensors will collect real-time data about people and facilities. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．G 4．F 5．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了智慧城市的定义、起源、特点以及应用。 1．通读全文可知，本文要讲的是智慧城市。开头第一句“In the more than 6,000 years of living in cities, humans have always had to find solutions to problems concerning how they live and work, such as sanitation (卫生), transportation and nature protection.(在生活在城市的6000多年里，人类总是必须找到解决他们如何生活和工作等问题的办法，如卫生设施、交通和自然保护。)”可知，第一段讲城市从古至今的发展。此外第一段最后一句“They can help provide for improved delivery and quality of services.(它们可以帮助提供改进和服务质量)”中的they 指的是上句中提到的复数名词，而下文中主要讲的是智慧城市，所以，应该此处提到智慧城市以承上启下。C项“Today, using cutting-edge technologies, smart cities cover them all(如今，利用尖端技术，智能城市覆盖了这一切。)”符合题意。故选C。 2．第二段讲的是智慧城市的定义。根据上文“It means smarter urban transportation, advanced water supply and more efficient ways to light and heat buildings.(这意味着更智能的城市交通、先进的供水和更有效的建筑照明和供暖方式。)”中的“It means ...”结构可知，D项“It also means a more interactive city administration and safer public spaces(这也意味着一个更互动的城市管理和更安全的公共空间)”与上文结构一致，一起说明智慧城市的好处，符合题意。故选D。 3．第三段主要讲智慧城市的运作方式。根据本段第二句“According to a global technology organization, a smart city works in four steps: collection, analysis, communication, and action.(根据一个全球技术组织的说法，一个智能城市的工作分为四个步骤：收集、分析、沟通和行动。)”可知，智慧城市的工作是一个过程。所以G项“During this process, a set of smart sensors will collect real-time data about people and facilities.(在这个过程中，一组智能传感器将收集有关人员和设施的实时数据。)”中“this process”很好照应了前面的“four steps”。故选G。 4．空处为段落主旨句。根据第四段“Smart city technologies have already been applied in some countries and cities around the world. Singapore, for example, has introduced a wide range of smart technologies in both its public and private sectors since launching its Smart Nation initiative in 2014.(智慧城市技术已经在世界上一些国家和城市得到了应用。例如，新加坡自2014年启动智能国家计划以来，在公共和私营部门引入了广泛的智能技术)”可知，提到新加坡，是为了进行举例说明智慧城市技术的应用。因此第四段首句即主旨句应该是说智慧城市已经得到应用。F项“Smart city technologies have already been applied in various countries across the world.(智能城市技术已经在世界多个国家得到应用)”符合题意。故选F。 5．根据最后一段“However, as with any significant citywide technology initiative, implementation (实施) of smart cities takes vision, investment, and careful planning to ensure adoption and success. Taking the first steps toward picturing what your smart city might look like is, well, the smart thing to do.(然而，就像任何重要的全市技术创新一样，智能城市的实施需要远见、投资和仔细的规划，以确保采用和成功。要想想象你的智慧城市的样子，迈出第一步，是明智的做法)”中however之后说明了智慧城市的建设任重道远。根据逻辑，前文应该提到是比较乐观的事物。结合前文，B项“It’s hard to ignore the many benefits connected cities offer.(尽管我们很难忽视互联城市所提供的许多好处)”符合题意。故选B。 $$