39.Unit 8 Once upon a Time(主题阅读)-2024-2025学年下学期七年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024)

2024-2025学年下学期七年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024) Unit 8 Once upon a Time主题阅读 必备知识清单 一、阅读主题阐释 英语阅读中讲述故事及谈论感悟的主题，通常围绕学生个人经历、经典文学作品或课本内容展开，旨在培养学生的阅读理解能力、情感表达能力及批判性思维能力。‌在阅读理解部分，学生会被要求阅读一篇短文或故事，并基于故事内容进行分析和感悟。这些故事可能涉及学生的日常生活、成长经历、经典文学作品等‌。通过学习不同主题的文章，学生不仅掌握了语言技能，还对生活、自然、梦想等话题有了更深入的思考和感悟‌。在谈论感悟环节，学生需要运用所学的词汇和句式，结合个人经历或故事内容及情感表达进行分析、总结与提炼。 二、语篇解读技巧 1.‌明确故事轮廓‌ 快速浏览全文，根据篇章结构分析内容布局，辨别文本轮廓。在中小学英语阅读教学中，最常见的两种故事结构是单三段式和反复三段式。这一步有助于整体把握故事的发展和走向‌。 2.‌建构故事框架‌ 梳理故事内容之间的逻辑关系，并绘制相应的故事逻辑地图。重点在于清晰地呈现重点信息及其关系，总结文眼。这有助于更好地理解故事的内在逻辑和情节发展‌。 3.‌深入分析文本细节‌ 关注文本中的具体描述、人物性格、情感变化以及事件发展等细节。通过深入分析这些细节，可以更全面地理解故事的内容和主题，为确定具体的教学目标和设计相应的教学活动奠定基础‌。 4.‌识别文本特征‌ 关注文本的主题内容和主题意义，了解文本的体裁和特征。不同的故事文本可能具有不同的体裁和特征，如童话、寓言、小说等。识别这些特征有助于更好地理解文本传递的主题和意义，从而更深入地理解故事‌。 三、语篇分析示例 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and My Insights‌ The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, written by Mark Twain in 1876, is a timeless classic that resonates with readers of all ages. The story revolves around a mischievous young boy named Tom Sawyer, who lives in the small town of St. Petersburg on the Mississippi River. Tom's adventures, from playing pirates to getting lost in a cave, are filled with excitement, danger, and a sense of wonder that captures the essence of childhood. From the story, I know that Tom Sawyer is the quintessential misfit kid, always up to some trick or another. He and his best friend, Huck Finn, embark on numerous escapades that test their bravery and ingenuity. One of the most memorable adventures is when Tom and Huck discover a treasure hidden in a cave. Despite the dangers they face, including encountering Injun Joe, a notorious outlaw, they ultimately find the treasure and emerge as heroes in their town. Reading The Adventures of Tom Sawyer brought back many cherished memories of my own childhood. Like Tom, I too had a sense of adventure and a longing to explore the unknown. The book reminded me of the simple joys of life, such as playing outdoors with friends, imagining grand quests, and feeling the excitement of discovery. One of the most profound insights I gained from the story is the importance of friendship. Tom and Huck's unwavering loyalty to each other, despite the challenges they face, is a testament to the strength of true friendship. It taught me that in life, we should cherish those who stand by us, especially in times of need. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is not just a story about a mischievous boy and his adventures; it is a timeless tale that teaches us about the beauty of childhood, the power of friendship, and the importance of resilience. It is a book that I would recommend to anyone, regardless of age, who wants to reconnect with their inner child and gain valuable life insights. 【语篇结构分析】 【语篇内容分析】 1.‌作品信息梳理‌ ‌作者与创作时间‌：The Adventures of Tom Sawyer由马克·吐温于1876年创作‌。 ‌经典地位‌：这是一部跨越时代的经典作品，深受各年龄段读者的喜爱‌。 2.‌主要故事简述 ‌主人公与背景‌：故事围绕着一个名叫汤姆·索亚的顽皮少年展开，他居住在密西西比河畔的小镇圣彼得堡‌。 ‌冒险经历‌：汤姆经历了从扮演海盗到在山洞中迷路的种种冒险，这些冒险充满了刺激、危险和对未知的渴望，捕捉到了童年的精髓‌。 ‌关键事件‌：其中一次最难忘的冒险是汤姆和他的好朋友哈克在山洞中发现宝藏，尽管他们面临包括遇到臭名昭著的逃犯印江·乔在内的危险，但最终找到了宝藏，成为了镇上的英雄‌。 3.‌个人感悟‌抒发 ‌童年回忆‌：阅读《汤姆·索亚历险记》唤起了许多珍贵的童年回忆，如与朋友在户外玩耍、想象伟大的探险以及发现新事物时的兴奋感‌。 ‌友谊的重要性‌：从故事中获得的最深刻见解之一是友谊的重要性。汤姆和哈克之间坚定不移的忠诚，尽管他们面临挑战，证明了真正友谊的力量。这教会了作者在生活中应该珍惜那些支持自己的人，尤其是在困难时期‌。 ‌人生启示‌：《汤姆·索亚历险记》不仅仅是一个关于顽皮男孩和他的冒险故事；它是一个永恒的故事，教会我们关于童年的美好、友谊的力量和坚韧不拔的重要性。 4.‌总结‌阅读体验 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer是一部充满冒险与人生哲理的经典作品，通过主人公汤姆·索亚的冒险经历，传达了关于童年、友谊和坚韧不拔的深刻启示，值得每个人阅读并从中汲取生活智慧。 【语篇语言分析】 1.‌语言风格‌ ‌生动性‌：作者马克·吐温运用了生动的语言，将汤姆·索亚的冒险经历描绘得栩栩如生。从玩海盗到山洞探险，每一个场景都充满了刺激和危险，让读者仿佛身临其境。 ‌幽默感‌：马克·吐温的幽默感在作品中得到了充分体现。汤姆的顽皮和恶作剧，以及他与哈克之间的对话，都充满了幽默元素，使得整个故事更加轻松有趣。 2.‌情节构建‌ ‌紧凑连贯‌：故事情节紧凑连贯，从汤姆的日常生活到冒险经历，再到最终的宝藏发现，每一个情节都紧密相连，构成了一个完整的故事框架。 ‌悬念设置‌：作者在故事中巧妙地设置了悬念，如汤姆和哈克在山洞中遇到的危险，以及宝藏的最终发现等，都让读者充满期待和紧张感。 3.‌主题传达‌ ‌童年美好‌：通过汤姆的冒险经历，作品传达了关于童年的美好回忆和纯真情感。读者可以感受到汤姆对未知世界的渴望和探索精神。 ‌友谊力量‌：汤姆和哈克之间的深厚友谊是作品中的重要主题之一。他们相互支持、共同面对困难，展现了友谊的力量和重要性。 ‌坚韧不拔‌：尽管面临重重困难，汤姆和哈克始终坚持不懈，最终找到了宝藏。这种坚韧不拔的精神也是作品所要传达的重要主题之一。 4.‌个人感悟‌ ‌共鸣与回忆‌：作者在阅读The Adventures of Tom Sawyer时，产生了强烈的共鸣和回忆。书中的情节和人物让他想起了自己的童年时光，感受到了那份纯真和快乐。 ‌生活启示‌：从故事中，作者获得了关于友谊、勇气和坚韧不拔的深刻启示。这些启示不仅让他更加珍惜身边的人和事，也让他在面对困难时更加坚定和勇敢。 【语篇参考译文】 汤姆·索亚历险记和我的见解 马克·吐温1876年写的《汤姆·索亚历险记》是一部永恒的经典，引起了各个年龄段读者的共鸣。故事围绕着一个名叫汤姆·索亚的淘气小男孩展开，他住在密西西比河畔的圣彼得堡小镇。汤姆的冒险经历，从扮演海盗到在山洞里迷路，充满了兴奋、危险和惊奇感，捕捉到了童年的精髓。 从故事中，我知道汤姆·索亚是一个典型的不合群的孩子，总是耍花招。他和他最好的朋友哈克·费恩开始了无数次冒险，考验了他们的勇气和创造力。最令人难忘的冒险之一是汤姆和哈克发现了一个藏在山洞里的宝藏。尽管他们面临着危险，包括遇到臭名昭著的歹徒印第安·乔，但他们最终还是找到了宝藏，并成为了镇上的英雄。 读《汤姆·索亚历险记》让我想起了许多童年的珍贵回忆。和汤姆一样，我也有冒险精神，渴望探索未知。这本书让我想起了生活中的简单乐趣，比如和朋友在户外玩耍，想象宏伟的任务，感受发现的兴奋。我从这个故事中获得的最深刻的见解之一是友谊的重要性。尽管面临挑战，汤姆和哈克对彼此坚定不移的忠诚证明了真正友谊的力量。它教会了我，在生活中，我们应该珍惜那些支持我们的人，尤其是在需要的时候。 《汤姆·索亚历险记》不仅仅是一个关于一个淘气男孩和他的冒险的故事；这是一个永恒的故事，它告诉我们童年的美丽、友谊的力量和坚韧的重要性。这是一本我会推荐给任何人的书，无论年龄大小，谁想与内心的孩子重新建立联系，并获得宝贵的人生见解。 核心知识回顾 阅读语篇常用词汇示例 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.‌人物与角色‌ character角色 protagonist主人公 antagonist反派 sidekick配角 hero英雄 villain恶棍 2.‌情节与事件‌ plot情节 adventure冒险 incident事件 twist转折 climax高潮 resolution结局 3.‌情感与心理‌ emotion情感 feeling感觉 happiness快乐 sadness悲伤 anger愤怒 fear恐惧 4.‌动作与行为‌ action动作 behavior行为 react反应 respond回应 struggle挣扎 triumph胜利 5.‌时间与地点‌ setting背景 time时间 place地点 era时代 environment环境 6.‌描述与细节‌ description描述 detail细节 vivid生动的 realistic现实的 imaginary想象的 7.‌个人感受‌ insight感悟 feeling感觉 emotion情感 thought想法 reflection反思 8.‌对故事的理解‌ understand理解 comprehend领会 interpret解释 perceive感知 appreciate欣赏 9.‌对角色的看法‌ relate to与...产生共鸣 sympathize with同情 admire敬佩 dislike讨厌 respect尊重 10.‌对主题的探讨‌ theme主题 message信息 moral寓意 lesson教训 takeaway收获 11.‌对故事的评价‌ enjoy喜欢 fascinating迷人的 inspiring鼓舞人心的 thought-provoking发人深省的 entertaining有趣的 阅读语篇常用句式示例 1.‌讲述故事的常用句式‌ ‌Once upon a time‌, there was a...（从前，有一个……）‌ ‌Long long ago‌, there lived a...（很久很久以前，住着一位……）‌ ‌One day‌, something happened/the farmer heard something odd...（有一天，发生了……/农夫听到了奇怪的声音……）‌ 2.‌谈论感悟的常用句式‌ I feel that ‌I have learned a lot from the story‌.（我从这个故事中学到了很多。）‌ ‌The story tells us‌ that if you want to get something, you must work hard for it.（这个故事告诉我们，如果你想得到什么，就必须努力工作。）‌ ‌From the story, we learn‌ that...（从这个故事中，我们了解到……）‌ ‌What matters/counts most is‌...（最重要的是……）‌ ‌From this, I learned what true‌ + 主旨名词 + ‌was‌: 道理句子（从这件事中，我学到了什么是真正的……：道理句子）‌ 3.通用的表达感悟的句式 I realize that...（我意识到……） I understand that...（我明白……） It makes me think about...（这让我思考……） 综合实战演练 1 The birds of the forest had no king. All the birds thought they needed a king. But who would be the king? One said “Let the bird who flies the highest be the king.” Everyone agreed. Eagle (老鹰) heard that and asked, “Why not make me the king now? I can fly the highest.” “ ▲ ” said Sparrow (麻雀). “Oh! Who’s going to beat me? You?” Eagle laughed. Owl started the race. When everyone was ready, Owl cried, “Whoo, whoo!” All the birds took to the air. But they could not fly very high and fast for long. One by one, they dropped out of the race. Only Eagle went on flying. “High, high… I’m the king in the sky…” he sang. He looked down and found all the birds giving up. But Eagle did not know that little Sparrow was flying under one of his wings (翅膀) all the way. The time he stopped, Sparrow flew out. He flew just over the Eagle’s head and cried out, “No, no, no, Mr. Eagle. I’m the king of the birds. Look! I am now flying higher than you.” All the birds were very surprised to see Sparrow fly higher. They wanted Sparrow as their king. Eagle did not like this at all. So he caught Sparrow and threw him to the ground. Sparrow got hurt, and half of his tail (尾巴) was cut off. From then on, Sparrow had a short tail. 1．The bird who flew ________ could be the king of the forest. A．the fastest B．the farthest C．the highest D．the longest 2．Please choose a right answer to fill in the blank ________ in Paragraph 2. A．Why not be the king? B．You may not be the king. C．You can be the king. D．You may not lose. 3．Can you put the sentences in the right order? ①Sparrow had a short tail.     ②Sparrow flew higher than Eagle. ③Birds thought they needed a king.     ④All the birds took to the air. A．①②③④ B．①③②④ C．③②④① D．③④②① 4．What do the underlined words “dropped out of” mean? A．Left. B．Went on. C．Joined. D．Started. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Who Needs the King? B．Who Helps the King? C．Who Is the King? D．Who Loves the King? 2 Long long ago, there was a river. He was unfriendly and he never shared his water with any fish, plant or animal. So his life went on, sad and lonely, for many years. One day, a little girl with a gold (金) fish bowl came to this river. In the bowl lived Scamp, her favorite little fish. The girl was about to move away and she couldn’t take Scamp with her. So she decided to let Scamp be free. When Scamp fell into the river, he felt the river’s loneliness (孤独). Scamp tried talking to the river, but the river told Scamp to go away. Scamp was a very happy fish,and he wasn’t going to give up easily. He asked and asked, swam and swam, and he started jumping in and out of the water. The river began to feel Scamp’s happiness. His loneliness was driven away (被赶走) by Scamp and he started talking to Scamp. At the end of that day, Scamp and the river become very good friends. The river never felt lonely after that. 1．Why did the river’s life go on, sad and lonely, for many years? A．Because nobody wanted to be his friend. B．Because he never shared his water with others. C．Because he liked to be sad and lonely. D．Because he lived in a lonely place. 2．The girl decided to set Scamp free because ________. A．she didn’t need him any more B．her mother didn’t want her to keep him C．she was about to move away and couldn’t take him with her D．she thought the river was lonely and wanted to give him a friend 3．In the passage, the underlined word “he” refers to (指的是) ________. A．the river B．the fish C．the girl’s friend D．the girl’s father 4．The passage mainly tells us that ________. A．happiness can drive loneliness away B．the river and the fish are good friends C．the girl is kind-hearted D．we should share everything with our friends 5．Where can you most probably read the passage? A．In a newspaper. B．In a cookbook. C．In a picture book. D．In a storybook 3 A duckling (小鸭子) is very sad because he is the ugliest (最丑的) among his brothers and sisters. But when he grows up, he becomes a handsome (漂亮的) young swan (天鹅). This is the plot (情节) of The Ugly Duckling by Danish (丹麦的) writer Hans Christian Andersen. In fact, Andersen was an “ugly duckling” himself. In 1805, he was born into a poor family in Odense, Denmark. As a young boy, Andersen was tall, ugly and had a very big nose. His friends always said something bad about his big nose. Later, because his father died, Andersen had to live by himself. He once worked as a tailor (裁缝) and made money in a theater. The difficulties helped him write his fairy tales. In The Little Mermaid, he talks about love and sacrifice (牺牲). In The Emperor’s New Clothes, he makes fun of authority (权威). Andersen also loved travelling. He travelled to many countries and wrote about his trips. One of his most famous sayings is “To travel is to live.” Today, Andersen is famous around the world. Children love his stories. 1．What does the duckling become when he grows up? A．A dog. B．A swan. C．A goat. D．A tiger. 2．What do we know about Andersen? A．He was born over 200 years ago. B．He was born into a rich family. C．He was a handsome young man. D．He always laughed at his friends. 3．Which of the following did NOT Andersen write? A．The Ugly Duckling. B．The Little Mermaid. C．The Emperor’s New Clothes. D．Jingwei Decides to Fill the Sea. 4．What does Andersen think about travelling? A．Sad. B．Cheap. C．Important. D．Dear. 5．________ is a good title (题目) for this passage. A．Best tailor B．King (……王) of fairy tales C．A good teacher D．A big nose 4 Welcome to the magical world of Shan Hai Jing, or The Classic of Mountains and Seas. Let’s meet three of the magical creatures in this book! Fenghuang The first one is the Fenghuang. The males (雄性) are called Feng and the females (雌性) Huang. Like a peacock, the Fenghuang has a long tail. Its feathers shine with bright colours. It’s a bird of fire and rebirth (重生). When people see it, it’s a sign of peace (和平) and good luck. Qilin Next, we meet the Qilin. It has the body of a deer and the tail of an ox. Qi is for males and Lin for females. It can fly in the sky, walk on water, roar like thunder (雷声) , and breathe fire. People think it brings good luck and blessings. Pixiu There flies a lion-looking beast! The Pixiu is the Dragon King’s ninth son. It has the head of a dragon and the body of a horse. It looks like dark clouds in the sky. It guards Heaven (天庭) to ward off evil. Gold, silver and jewels (珠宝) are its food. So, it’s a symbol of wealth! 1．In which book can readers find these creatures? A．Shan Hai Jing B．The Romance of the Gods C．Journey to the West D．In Search of the Supernatural 2．What is the right order of pictures to match the text? A．①②③ B．①③② C．②③① D．③②① 3．Which of the following creatures is female? A．Feng. B．Lin. C．Pixiu. D．Dragon King. 4．What does Pixiu look like? A．A Huang. B．A Qi. C．A dragon. D．A lion. 5．Fenghuang is a symbol of ________. A．wealth B．health C．peace D．knowledge 5 The children’s book, The Little Prince, is one of the best-selling books in the world. French pilot (飞行员) Antoine de Saint-Exupery wrote it in 1943. It’s so popular that there are plays, movies, and even a theme park in France all about the story. This year, Hong Kong’s Ocean Park will also have some installations (设施) of the little prince and other characters from the fairy tale. They work as “guides” in the park. But why is the book so special? The book is very imaginative and teaches us about what it means to be human. In the story, a pilot crashes his plane in the desert. There, he meets a clever little prince from a different and very small planet. The prince tells the pilot how he had met other people on other little planets and a friendly fox and a scary snake on Earth. The pilot learns some important lessons about life and love. He also sees how grown-ups can forget what they knew as children like how to be kind. This often echoes (产生共鸣) with both children and grown-ups. 1．What does Paragraph 2 show about the book The Little Prince? A．It is also popular in Hong Kong. B．It teaches people to build parks. C．It has a character from Hong Kong. D．The story comes from a Chinese fairy tale. 2．Who does the pilot meet in the story? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “characters” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．性格 B．品质 C．人物 D．特色 4．What does the last sentence (句子) mean? A．Children can easily forget things. B．The book tells a story for people of all ages. C．Being a pilot is a dream of many grown-ups. D．Grown-ups know how to be kind. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．How popular the book The Little Prince is. B．Some important lessons about life and love. C．A brief introduction of the book The Little Prince. D．A story about a pilot and a prince. 6 Nearly two thousand years ago in ancient China, Cao Cao got a birthday present from Sun Quan. It was a huge animal called an elephant. People in the country didn’t see it before. People were interested in the weight of the elephant. One person guessed it must weigh five thousand jin. Another person said, “His legs are like pillars (柱子). I think it must weigh at least six thousand jin!” More and more people joined the guessing game. And Cao Cao also wanted to know the weight of it. “What a huge animal it is! Can anyone tell me how to weigh it?” he asked the crowd (人群) around him. “Can we get a large scale (称)?” asked a soldier. However, no on could find a scale large enough. “Can we cut it up?” asked another soldier. “No. I don’t want to kill it.” said Cao Cao. Just then, young Cao Chong had a wonderful idea. “I can weigh the elephant!” he said. “Let me have a try.” Cao Chong asked some soldiers to drive the elephant onto a big boat in the river. When the heavy animal walked onto it, the boat went lower into the water. After Cao Chong drew a line on the side of the boat where it met the water, the solders took the elephant off the boat. Then solders put stones on the boat, one by one, until it went down again and water met the line on the boat. Cao Chong then weighed the stones. He added up (加起来) the weight of all the stones and said, “This is the weight of the elephant.” What a clever plan! Cao Cao was very happy with his son. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．What does the word “weight” mean in the story? A．身高 B．重量 C．相貌 D．体型 2．What things did Cao Chong use to weigh the elephant? A．Knife and stones. B．Knife and boat. C．Boat and stones. D．Trees and boat. 3．What does the last paragraph is mainly about? A．Cao Cao got an elephant as a present. B．People guessed the weight of the elephant. C．People discussed how to weigh the elephant. D．Cao Chong had an idea and weighed the elephant. 4．What’s the right order of weighing the elephant? ①Put stones on the boat one by one. ②Drive the elephant onto a big boat. ③Draw a line on the side of the boat. ④Add up the weight of all the stones. A．①③②④ B．①④②③ C．②①③④ D．②③①④ 5．Which is the best word to talk about Cao Chong? A．Smart. B．Funny. C．Kind. D．Strong. 7 Long ago, there was a monster (怪物) called “Nian”. At the end of the winters, he often appeared in a village and ate the animals and villagers. The monster seemed very strong and nobody could fight him. So the villagers had to hide in the mountains to keep themselves safe. 　　One day, a smart old man came to the village. He told an old woman how to scare (把……吓跑) Nian away. That evening when Nian arrived at the village, he saw only the old woman’s house was bright. Nian got close to the house. Suddenly, he heard the noise of firecrackers (鞭炮). The monster felt afraid and jumped. And then he found the house was covered in red paper. This scared him even more and he ran out of the village quickly. When the other villagers returned, they saw that the old woman didn’t die! 　　The villagers later learned that Nian was afraid of red colors, light and loud noises. They decided to put up red couplets (对联), set off (点燃) firecrackers and stay up late when it was time for Nian’s visit at the end of winter. That is the legend (传奇) of how the Spring Festival celebration began. 根据短文内容, 完成下列任务。 1. What would happen when Nian visited the village? 2. Why did the villagers hide into the mountains? 3. From whom did the villager know the way to scare Nian away? 4. 将短文中画线句子翻译成中文。   5. How do your family celebrate the Spring Festival? 8 A man had a horse and a dog. Both of them helped the man in many ways. One night, some thieves (小偷) broke the window and got into the house. The dog heard them and started barking (吠叫). The man quickly got up. “What is that? A dog! Let’s run.” said the thieves. They tried to run away but were caught by the man and his neighbors. The man and everyone else were very happy and highly proud of the dog. From that day on, the horse started thinking, “Everyone thinks that the dog is more useful than me.” The horse wanted to show that he could be useful just like the dog, too. A few days passed. One night, another two thieves came to the man’s house. “We should be careful, friend! I have heard that a dog protects this house.” one thief said to the other. Then, they saw the dog just sitting outside the door. “We had better leave at once.” the other thief said and they left. Just at that moment the horse thought, “I can start to whinny (嘶鸣) now and people will think that the thieves ran away because of my whinnying.” Then, the foolish horse started whinnying loudly. When the man heard the sound, he came out but found no thief. He kicked the horse. “This will teach you not to whinny at night,” he said angrily. The horse didn’t know why and felt unhappy. Just then, the dog came to the horse and said, “It is better to do your jobs than to try to be like me, friend.” 1．How did the dog help the man when finding the thieves? A．It got up quickly and broke the window. B．It barked at the thieves and caught them. C．It heard the thieves and made a loud sound. D．It caught the thieves together with the man. 2．In Paragraph 2, how did the thieves feel after finding the dog? A．Angry. B．Afraid. C．Interested. D．Excited. 3．Why did the horse start to whinny after the thieves ran away? A．It was calling the dog for help. B．It tried to get the thieves to leave. C．It thought that he should be careful. D．It wanted to show that he was useful too. 4．What did the dog mean by saying “It is better to do your jobs than to try to be like me, friend.”? A．They should work together. B．The horse should learn barking. C．The dog can protect the home better. D．The horse should do the things he is good at. 5．What can be the best title (标题) of the passage? A．Do Your Own Job. B．Learn to Bark. C．A Useful Dog. D．A Foolish Horse. 9 Do you know why the cat is not in the Chinese zodiac（生肖）? There is a famous Chinese folk（流传民间的） story about this. The Jade Emperor（玉皇大帝）asks all animals to take part in a race. The first 12 animals to finish the race will become（成为）parts of the zodiac. At that time, the cat and the rat are good friends. When they hear about the race, the cat says to the rat, “We should get up early for the race, but I usually wake up late.” The rat says he will make his friend get up early and they can go together. However, on the morning of the race, the rat is so happy that he doesn’t wake the cat up. He goes to the gathering（集合区） himself for the race and wins the first place in the race. An ox comes next, and then a tiger. The cat wakes up late and he finds that the race is already over. The cat doesn’t like the rat at all after that. Of course, it is only a story. 1．________, so the cat is worried about the race. A．He doesn’t know the way B．He can’t get up early C．He can’t run very fast D．He doesn’t like the race at all 2．Who comes after the ox? A．The cat. B．The tiger. C．The rat. D．The monkey. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The rat also goes to the race late. B．The cat gets to the gathering area on time. C．The rat asks the cat to wake up early on that day. D．The cat and the rat both want to take part in the race. 4．After the race, the cat may feel ________ when he knows the rat was the winner. A． B． C． D． 5．We can probably read the text in a ________. A．science book B．poster C．storybook D．sports book 10 The seasons make us think of a story. It’s about an ant and a grasshopper. The grasshopper and the ant lived in a forest. 1 All summer, the grasshopper sat and sang happily in the sun. But the ant made a house under the ground. Autumn came and the ant worked harder. He collected food and took it into his house. “Why do you work so hard?” asked the grasshopper. “ 2 It’ll be very cold and it’ll snow, too. It’ll be hard to find any food,” said the ant. “Don’t be silly (愚蠢的), my friend,” laughed the grasshopper. “There will be enough food in the forest in winter. 3 ” At last, winter came. 4 He had a lot of food. The grasshopper was outside in the snow. He looked for food everywhere, but he found nothing. He felt cold, hungry and disappointed (失望的). The ant heard the grasshopper and came out of his house. “What’s wrong, my friend?” asked the ant. “I’m cold and hungry,” answered the grasshopper sadly. The ant said, “ 5 It’s warm inside and I’ve got enough food for both of us.” The grasshopper thanked the ant and promised (承诺), “When spring comes, I’ll work hard like you.” A．Let’s sing and play. B．Come into my house. C．Winter is coming soon. D．The ant stayed in his warm house. E．The ant was preparing food for winter. F．The grasshopper went to the ant and asked for some food. G．The grasshopper was lazy and the ant was hard-working. $$2024-2025学年下学期七年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024) Unit 8 Once upon a Time主题阅读 必备知识清单 一、阅读主题阐释 英语阅读中讲述故事及谈论感悟的主题，通常围绕学生个人经历、经典文学作品或课本内容展开，旨在培养学生的阅读理解能力、情感表达能力及批判性思维能力。‌在阅读理解部分，学生会被要求阅读一篇短文或故事，并基于故事内容进行分析和感悟。这些故事可能涉及学生的日常生活、成长经历、经典文学作品等‌。通过学习不同主题的文章，学生不仅掌握了语言技能，还对生活、自然、梦想等话题有了更深入的思考和感悟‌。在谈论感悟环节，学生需要运用所学的词汇和句式，结合个人经历或故事内容及情感表达进行分析、总结与提炼。 二、语篇解读技巧 1.‌明确故事轮廓‌ 快速浏览全文，根据篇章结构分析内容布局，辨别文本轮廓。在中小学英语阅读教学中，最常见的两种故事结构是单三段式和反复三段式。这一步有助于整体把握故事的发展和走向‌。 2.‌建构故事框架‌ 梳理故事内容之间的逻辑关系，并绘制相应的故事逻辑地图。重点在于清晰地呈现重点信息及其关系，总结文眼。这有助于更好地理解故事的内在逻辑和情节发展‌。 3.‌深入分析文本细节‌ 关注文本中的具体描述、人物性格、情感变化以及事件发展等细节。通过深入分析这些细节，可以更全面地理解故事的内容和主题，为确定具体的教学目标和设计相应的教学活动奠定基础‌。 4.‌识别文本特征‌ 关注文本的主题内容和主题意义，了解文本的体裁和特征。不同的故事文本可能具有不同的体裁和特征，如童话、寓言、小说等。识别这些特征有助于更好地理解文本传递的主题和意义，从而更深入地理解故事‌。 三、语篇分析示例 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and My Insights‌ The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, written by Mark Twain in 1876, is a timeless classic that resonates with readers of all ages. The story revolves around a mischievous young boy named Tom Sawyer, who lives in the small town of St. Petersburg on the Mississippi River. Tom's adventures, from playing pirates to getting lost in a cave, are filled with excitement, danger, and a sense of wonder that captures the essence of childhood. From the story, I know that Tom Sawyer is the quintessential misfit kid, always up to some trick or another. He and his best friend, Huck Finn, embark on numerous escapades that test their bravery and ingenuity. One of the most memorable adventures is when Tom and Huck discover a treasure hidden in a cave. Despite the dangers they face, including encountering Injun Joe, a notorious outlaw, they ultimately find the treasure and emerge as heroes in their town. Reading The Adventures of Tom Sawyer brought back many cherished memories of my own childhood. Like Tom, I too had a sense of adventure and a longing to explore the unknown. The book reminded me of the simple joys of life, such as playing outdoors with friends, imagining grand quests, and feeling the excitement of discovery. One of the most profound insights I gained from the story is the importance of friendship. Tom and Huck's unwavering loyalty to each other, despite the challenges they face, is a testament to the strength of true friendship. It taught me that in life, we should cherish those who stand by us, especially in times of need. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is not just a story about a mischievous boy and his adventures; it is a timeless tale that teaches us about the beauty of childhood, the power of friendship, and the importance of resilience. It is a book that I would recommend to anyone, regardless of age, who wants to reconnect with their inner child and gain valuable life insights. 【语篇结构分析】 【语篇内容分析】 1.‌作品信息梳理‌ ‌作者与创作时间‌：The Adventures of Tom Sawyer由马克·吐温于1876年创作‌。 ‌经典地位‌：这是一部跨越时代的经典作品，深受各年龄段读者的喜爱‌。 2.‌主要故事简述 ‌主人公与背景‌：故事围绕着一个名叫汤姆·索亚的顽皮少年展开，他居住在密西西比河畔的小镇圣彼得堡‌。 ‌冒险经历‌：汤姆经历了从扮演海盗到在山洞中迷路的种种冒险，这些冒险充满了刺激、危险和对未知的渴望，捕捉到了童年的精髓‌。 ‌关键事件‌：其中一次最难忘的冒险是汤姆和他的好朋友哈克在山洞中发现宝藏，尽管他们面临包括遇到臭名昭著的逃犯印江·乔在内的危险，但最终找到了宝藏，成为了镇上的英雄‌。 3.‌个人感悟‌抒发 ‌童年回忆‌：阅读《汤姆·索亚历险记》唤起了许多珍贵的童年回忆，如与朋友在户外玩耍、想象伟大的探险以及发现新事物时的兴奋感‌。 ‌友谊的重要性‌：从故事中获得的最深刻见解之一是友谊的重要性。汤姆和哈克之间坚定不移的忠诚，尽管他们面临挑战，证明了真正友谊的力量。这教会了作者在生活中应该珍惜那些支持自己的人，尤其是在困难时期‌。 ‌人生启示‌：《汤姆·索亚历险记》不仅仅是一个关于顽皮男孩和他的冒险故事；它是一个永恒的故事，教会我们关于童年的美好、友谊的力量和坚韧不拔的重要性。 4.‌总结‌阅读体验 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer是一部充满冒险与人生哲理的经典作品，通过主人公汤姆·索亚的冒险经历，传达了关于童年、友谊和坚韧不拔的深刻启示，值得每个人阅读并从中汲取生活智慧。 【语篇语言分析】 1.‌语言风格‌ ‌生动性‌：作者马克·吐温运用了生动的语言，将汤姆·索亚的冒险经历描绘得栩栩如生。从玩海盗到山洞探险，每一个场景都充满了刺激和危险，让读者仿佛身临其境。 ‌幽默感‌：马克·吐温的幽默感在作品中得到了充分体现。汤姆的顽皮和恶作剧，以及他与哈克之间的对话，都充满了幽默元素，使得整个故事更加轻松有趣。 2.‌情节构建‌ ‌紧凑连贯‌：故事情节紧凑连贯，从汤姆的日常生活到冒险经历，再到最终的宝藏发现，每一个情节都紧密相连，构成了一个完整的故事框架。 ‌悬念设置‌：作者在故事中巧妙地设置了悬念，如汤姆和哈克在山洞中遇到的危险，以及宝藏的最终发现等，都让读者充满期待和紧张感。 3.‌主题传达‌ ‌童年美好‌：通过汤姆的冒险经历，作品传达了关于童年的美好回忆和纯真情感。读者可以感受到汤姆对未知世界的渴望和探索精神。 ‌友谊力量‌：汤姆和哈克之间的深厚友谊是作品中的重要主题之一。他们相互支持、共同面对困难，展现了友谊的力量和重要性。 ‌坚韧不拔‌：尽管面临重重困难，汤姆和哈克始终坚持不懈，最终找到了宝藏。这种坚韧不拔的精神也是作品所要传达的重要主题之一。 4.‌个人感悟‌ ‌共鸣与回忆‌：作者在阅读The Adventures of Tom Sawyer时，产生了强烈的共鸣和回忆。书中的情节和人物让他想起了自己的童年时光，感受到了那份纯真和快乐。 ‌生活启示‌：从故事中，作者获得了关于友谊、勇气和坚韧不拔的深刻启示。这些启示不仅让他更加珍惜身边的人和事，也让他在面对困难时更加坚定和勇敢。 【语篇参考译文】 汤姆·索亚历险记和我的见解 马克·吐温1876年写的《汤姆·索亚历险记》是一部永恒的经典，引起了各个年龄段读者的共鸣。故事围绕着一个名叫汤姆·索亚的淘气小男孩展开，他住在密西西比河畔的圣彼得堡小镇。汤姆的冒险经历，从扮演海盗到在山洞里迷路，充满了兴奋、危险和惊奇感，捕捉到了童年的精髓。 从故事中，我知道汤姆·索亚是一个典型的不合群的孩子，总是耍花招。他和他最好的朋友哈克·费恩开始了无数次冒险，考验了他们的勇气和创造力。最令人难忘的冒险之一是汤姆和哈克发现了一个藏在山洞里的宝藏。尽管他们面临着危险，包括遇到臭名昭著的歹徒印第安·乔，但他们最终还是找到了宝藏，并成为了镇上的英雄。 读《汤姆·索亚历险记》让我想起了许多童年的珍贵回忆。和汤姆一样，我也有冒险精神，渴望探索未知。这本书让我想起了生活中的简单乐趣，比如和朋友在户外玩耍，想象宏伟的任务，感受发现的兴奋。我从这个故事中获得的最深刻的见解之一是友谊的重要性。尽管面临挑战，汤姆和哈克对彼此坚定不移的忠诚证明了真正友谊的力量。它教会了我，在生活中，我们应该珍惜那些支持我们的人，尤其是在需要的时候。 《汤姆·索亚历险记》不仅仅是一个关于一个淘气男孩和他的冒险的故事；这是一个永恒的故事，它告诉我们童年的美丽、友谊的力量和坚韧的重要性。这是一本我会推荐给任何人的书，无论年龄大小，谁想与内心的孩子重新建立联系，并获得宝贵的人生见解。 核心知识回顾 阅读语篇常用词汇示例 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.‌人物与角色‌ character角色 protagonist主人公 antagonist反派 sidekick配角 hero英雄 villain恶棍 2.‌情节与事件‌ plot情节 adventure冒险 incident事件 twist转折 climax高潮 resolution结局 3.‌情感与心理‌ emotion情感 feeling感觉 happiness快乐 sadness悲伤 anger愤怒 fear恐惧 4.‌动作与行为‌ action动作 behavior行为 react反应 respond回应 struggle挣扎 triumph胜利 5.‌时间与地点‌ setting背景 time时间 place地点 era时代 environment环境 6.‌描述与细节‌ description描述 detail细节 vivid生动的 realistic现实的 imaginary想象的 7.‌个人感受‌ insight感悟 feeling感觉 emotion情感 thought想法 reflection反思 8.‌对故事的理解‌ understand理解 comprehend领会 interpret解释 perceive感知 appreciate欣赏 9.‌对角色的看法‌ relate to与...产生共鸣 sympathize with同情 admire敬佩 dislike讨厌 respect尊重 10.‌对主题的探讨‌ theme主题 message信息 moral寓意 lesson教训 takeaway收获 11.‌对故事的评价‌ enjoy喜欢 fascinating迷人的 inspiring鼓舞人心的 thought-provoking发人深省的 entertaining有趣的 阅读语篇常用句式示例 1.‌讲述故事的常用句式‌ ‌Once upon a time‌, there was a...（从前，有一个……）‌ ‌Long long ago‌, there lived a...（很久很久以前，住着一位……）‌ ‌One day‌, something happened/the farmer heard something odd...（有一天，发生了……/农夫听到了奇怪的声音……）‌ 2.‌谈论感悟的常用句式‌ I feel that ‌I have learned a lot from the story‌.（我从这个故事中学到了很多。）‌ ‌The story tells us‌ that if you want to get something, you must work hard for it.（这个故事告诉我们，如果你想得到什么，就必须努力工作。）‌ ‌From the story, we learn‌ that...（从这个故事中，我们了解到……）‌ ‌What matters/counts most is‌...（最重要的是……）‌ ‌From this, I learned what true‌ + 主旨名词 + ‌was‌: 道理句子（从这件事中，我学到了什么是真正的……：道理句子）‌ 3.通用的表达感悟的句式 I realize that...（我意识到……） I understand that...（我明白……） It makes me think about...（这让我思考……） 综合实战演练 1 The birds of the forest had no king. All the birds thought they needed a king. But who would be the king? One said “Let the bird who flies the highest be the king.” Everyone agreed. Eagle (老鹰) heard that and asked, “Why not make me the king now? I can fly the highest.” “ ▲ ” said Sparrow (麻雀). “Oh! Who’s going to beat me? You?” Eagle laughed. Owl started the race. When everyone was ready, Owl cried, “Whoo, whoo!” All the birds took to the air. But they could not fly very high and fast for long. One by one, they dropped out of the race. Only Eagle went on flying. “High, high… I’m the king in the sky…” he sang. He looked down and found all the birds giving up. But Eagle did not know that little Sparrow was flying under one of his wings (翅膀) all the way. The time he stopped, Sparrow flew out. He flew just over the Eagle’s head and cried out, “No, no, no, Mr. Eagle. I’m the king of the birds. Look! I am now flying higher than you.” All the birds were very surprised to see Sparrow fly higher. They wanted Sparrow as their king. Eagle did not like this at all. So he caught Sparrow and threw him to the ground. Sparrow got hurt, and half of his tail (尾巴) was cut off. From then on, Sparrow had a short tail. 1．The bird who flew ________ could be the king of the forest. A．the fastest B．the farthest C．the highest D．the longest 2．Please choose a right answer to fill in the blank ________ in Paragraph 2. A．Why not be the king? B．You may not be the king. C．You can be the king. D．You may not lose. 3．Can you put the sentences in the right order? ①Sparrow had a short tail.     ②Sparrow flew higher than Eagle. ③Birds thought they needed a king.     ④All the birds took to the air. A．①②③④ B．①③②④ C．③②④① D．③④②① 4．What do the underlined words “dropped out of” mean? A．Left. B．Went on. C．Joined. D．Started. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Who Needs the King? B．Who Helps the King? C．Who Is the King? D．Who Loves the King? 2 Long long ago, there was a river. He was unfriendly and he never shared his water with any fish, plant or animal. So his life went on, sad and lonely, for many years. One day, a little girl with a gold (金) fish bowl came to this river. In the bowl lived Scamp, her favorite little fish. The girl was about to move away and she couldn’t take Scamp with her. So she decided to let Scamp be free. When Scamp fell into the river, he felt the river’s loneliness (孤独). Scamp tried talking to the river, but the river told Scamp to go away. Scamp was a very happy fish,and he wasn’t going to give up easily. He asked and asked, swam and swam, and he started jumping in and out of the water. The river began to feel Scamp’s happiness. His loneliness was driven away (被赶走) by Scamp and he started talking to Scamp. At the end of that day, Scamp and the river become very good friends. The river never felt lonely after that. 1．Why did the river’s life go on, sad and lonely, for many years? A．Because nobody wanted to be his friend. B．Because he never shared his water with others. C．Because he liked to be sad and lonely. D．Because he lived in a lonely place. 2．The girl decided to set Scamp free because ________. A．she didn’t need him any more B．her mother didn’t want her to keep him C．she was about to move away and couldn’t take him with her D．she thought the river was lonely and wanted to give him a friend 3．In the passage, the underlined word “he” refers to (指的是) ________. A．the river B．the fish C．the girl’s friend D．the girl’s father 4．The passage mainly tells us that ________. A．happiness can drive loneliness away B．the river and the fish are good friends C．the girl is kind-hearted D．we should share everything with our friends 5．Where can you most probably read the passage? A．In a newspaper. B．In a cookbook. C．In a picture book. D．In a storybook 3 A duckling (小鸭子) is very sad because he is the ugliest (最丑的) among his brothers and sisters. But when he grows up, he becomes a handsome (漂亮的) young swan (天鹅). This is the plot (情节) of The Ugly Duckling by Danish (丹麦的) writer Hans Christian Andersen. In fact, Andersen was an “ugly duckling” himself. In 1805, he was born into a poor family in Odense, Denmark. As a young boy, Andersen was tall, ugly and had a very big nose. His friends always said something bad about his big nose. Later, because his father died, Andersen had to live by himself. He once worked as a tailor (裁缝) and made money in a theater. The difficulties helped him write his fairy tales. In The Little Mermaid, he talks about love and sacrifice (牺牲). In The Emperor’s New Clothes, he makes fun of authority (权威). Andersen also loved travelling. He travelled to many countries and wrote about his trips. One of his most famous sayings is “To travel is to live.” Today, Andersen is famous around the world. Children love his stories. 1．What does the duckling become when he grows up? A．A dog. B．A swan. C．A goat. D．A tiger. 2．What do we know about Andersen? A．He was born over 200 years ago. B．He was born into a rich family. C．He was a handsome young man. D．He always laughed at his friends. 3．Which of the following did NOT Andersen write? A．The Ugly Duckling. B．The Little Mermaid. C．The Emperor’s New Clothes. D．Jingwei Decides to Fill the Sea. 4．What does Andersen think about travelling? A．Sad. B．Cheap. C．Important. D．Dear. 5．________ is a good title (题目) for this passage. A．Best tailor B．King (……王) of fairy tales C．A good teacher D．A big nose 4 Welcome to the magical world of Shan Hai Jing, or The Classic of Mountains and Seas. Let’s meet three of the magical creatures in this book! Fenghuang The first one is the Fenghuang. The males (雄性) are called Feng and the females (雌性) Huang. Like a peacock, the Fenghuang has a long tail. Its feathers shine with bright colours. It’s a bird of fire and rebirth (重生). When people see it, it’s a sign of peace (和平) and good luck. Qilin Next, we meet the Qilin. It has the body of a deer and the tail of an ox. Qi is for males and Lin for females. It can fly in the sky, walk on water, roar like thunder (雷声) , and breathe fire. People think it brings good luck and blessings. Pixiu There flies a lion-looking beast! The Pixiu is the Dragon King’s ninth son. It has the head of a dragon and the body of a horse. It looks like dark clouds in the sky. It guards Heaven (天庭) to ward off evil. Gold, silver and jewels (珠宝) are its food. So, it’s a symbol of wealth! 1．In which book can readers find these creatures? A．Shan Hai Jing B．The Romance of the Gods C．Journey to the West D．In Search of the Supernatural 2．What is the right order of pictures to match the text? A．①②③ B．①③② C．②③① D．③②① 3．Which of the following creatures is female? A．Feng. B．Lin. C．Pixiu. D．Dragon King. 4．What does Pixiu look like? A．A Huang. B．A Qi. C．A dragon. D．A lion. 5．Fenghuang is a symbol of ________. A．wealth B．health C．peace D．knowledge 5 The children’s book, The Little Prince, is one of the best-selling books in the world. French pilot (飞行员) Antoine de Saint-Exupery wrote it in 1943. It’s so popular that there are plays, movies, and even a theme park in France all about the story. This year, Hong Kong’s Ocean Park will also have some installations (设施) of the little prince and other characters from the fairy tale. They work as “guides” in the park. But why is the book so special? The book is very imaginative and teaches us about what it means to be human. In the story, a pilot crashes his plane in the desert. There, he meets a clever little prince from a different and very small planet. The prince tells the pilot how he had met other people on other little planets and a friendly fox and a scary snake on Earth. The pilot learns some important lessons about life and love. He also sees how grown-ups can forget what they knew as children like how to be kind. This often echoes (产生共鸣) with both children and grown-ups. 1．What does Paragraph 2 show about the book The Little Prince? A．It is also popular in Hong Kong. B．It teaches people to build parks. C．It has a character from Hong Kong. D．The story comes from a Chinese fairy tale. 2．Who does the pilot meet in the story? A． B． C． D． 3．What does the underlined word “characters” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．性格 B．品质 C．人物 D．特色 4．What does the last sentence (句子) mean? A．Children can easily forget things. B．The book tells a story for people of all ages. C．Being a pilot is a dream of many grown-ups. D．Grown-ups know how to be kind. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．How popular the book The Little Prince is. B．Some important lessons about life and love. C．A brief introduction of the book The Little Prince. D．A story about a pilot and a prince. 6 Nearly two thousand years ago in ancient China, Cao Cao got a birthday present from Sun Quan. It was a huge animal called an elephant. People in the country didn’t see it before. People were interested in the weight of the elephant. One person guessed it must weigh five thousand jin. Another person said, “His legs are like pillars (柱子). I think it must weigh at least six thousand jin!” More and more people joined the guessing game. And Cao Cao also wanted to know the weight of it. “What a huge animal it is! Can anyone tell me how to weigh it?” he asked the crowd (人群) around him. “Can we get a large scale (称)?” asked a soldier. However, no on could find a scale large enough. “Can we cut it up?” asked another soldier. “No. I don’t want to kill it.” said Cao Cao. Just then, young Cao Chong had a wonderful idea. “I can weigh the elephant!” he said. “Let me have a try.” Cao Chong asked some soldiers to drive the elephant onto a big boat in the river. When the heavy animal walked onto it, the boat went lower into the water. After Cao Chong drew a line on the side of the boat where it met the water, the solders took the elephant off the boat. Then solders put stones on the boat, one by one, until it went down again and water met the line on the boat. Cao Chong then weighed the stones. He added up (加起来) the weight of all the stones and said, “This is the weight of the elephant.” What a clever plan! Cao Cao was very happy with his son. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 1．What does the word “weight” mean in the story? A．身高 B．重量 C．相貌 D．体型 2．What things did Cao Chong use to weigh the elephant? A．Knife and stones. B．Knife and boat. C．Boat and stones. D．Trees and boat. 3．What does the last paragraph is mainly about? A．Cao Cao got an elephant as a present. B．People guessed the weight of the elephant. C．People discussed how to weigh the elephant. D．Cao Chong had an idea and weighed the elephant. 4．What’s the right order of weighing the elephant? ①Put stones on the boat one by one. ②Drive the elephant onto a big boat. ③Draw a line on the side of the boat. ④Add up the weight of all the stones. A．①③②④ B．①④②③ C．②①③④ D．②③①④ 5．Which is the best word to talk about Cao Chong? A．Smart. B．Funny. C．Kind. D．Strong. 7 Long ago, there was a monster (怪物) called “Nian”. At the end of the winters, he often appeared in a village and ate the animals and villagers. The monster seemed very strong and nobody could fight him. So the villagers had to hide in the mountains to keep themselves safe. 　　One day, a smart old man came to the village. He told an old woman how to scare (把……吓跑) Nian away. That evening when Nian arrived at the village, he saw only the old woman’s house was bright. Nian got close to the house. Suddenly, he heard the noise of firecrackers (鞭炮). The monster felt afraid and jumped. And then he found the house was covered in red paper. This scared him even more and he ran out of the village quickly. When the other villagers returned, they saw that the old woman didn’t die! 　　The villagers later learned that Nian was afraid of red colors, light and loud noises. They decided to put up red couplets (对联), set off (点燃) firecrackers and stay up late when it was time for Nian’s visit at the end of winter. That is the legend (传奇) of how the Spring Festival celebration began. 根据短文内容, 完成下列任务。 1. What would happen when Nian visited the village? 2. Why did the villagers hide into the mountains? 3. From whom did the villager know the way to scare Nian away? 4. 将短文中画线句子翻译成中文。   5. How do your family celebrate the Spring Festival? 8 A man had a horse and a dog. Both of them helped the man in many ways. One night, some thieves (小偷) broke the window and got into the house. The dog heard them and started barking (吠叫). The man quickly got up. “What is that? A dog! Let’s run.” said the thieves. They tried to run away but were caught by the man and his neighbors. The man and everyone else were very happy and highly proud of the dog. From that day on, the horse started thinking, “Everyone thinks that the dog is more useful than me.” The horse wanted to show that he could be useful just like the dog, too. A few days passed. One night, another two thieves came to the man’s house. “We should be careful, friend! I have heard that a dog protects this house.” one thief said to the other. Then, they saw the dog just sitting outside the door. “We had better leave at once.” the other thief said and they left. Just at that moment the horse thought, “I can start to whinny (嘶鸣) now and people will think that the thieves ran away because of my whinnying.” Then, the foolish horse started whinnying loudly. When the man heard the sound, he came out but found no thief. He kicked the horse. “This will teach you not to whinny at night,” he said angrily. The horse didn’t know why and felt unhappy. Just then, the dog came to the horse and said, “It is better to do your jobs than to try to be like me, friend.” 1．How did the dog help the man when finding the thieves? A．It got up quickly and broke the window. B．It barked at the thieves and caught them. C．It heard the thieves and made a loud sound. D．It caught the thieves together with the man. 2．In Paragraph 2, how did the thieves feel after finding the dog? A．Angry. B．Afraid. C．Interested. D．Excited. 3．Why did the horse start to whinny after the thieves ran away? A．It was calling the dog for help. B．It tried to get the thieves to leave. C．It thought that he should be careful. D．It wanted to show that he was useful too. 4．What did the dog mean by saying “It is better to do your jobs than to try to be like me, friend.”? A．They should work together. B．The horse should learn barking. C．The dog can protect the home better. D．The horse should do the things he is good at. 5．What can be the best title (标题) of the passage? A．Do Your Own Job. B．Learn to Bark. C．A Useful Dog. D．A Foolish Horse. 9 Do you know why the cat is not in the Chinese zodiac（生肖）? There is a famous Chinese folk（流传民间的） story about this. The Jade Emperor（玉皇大帝）asks all animals to take part in a race. The first 12 animals to finish the race will become（成为）parts of the zodiac. At that time, the cat and the rat are good friends. When they hear about the race, the cat says to the rat, “We should get up early for the race, but I usually wake up late.” The rat says he will make his friend get up early and they can go together. However, on the morning of the race, the rat is so happy that he doesn’t wake the cat up. He goes to the gathering（集合区） himself for the race and wins the first place in the race. An ox comes next, and then a tiger. The cat wakes up late and he finds that the race is already over. The cat doesn’t like the rat at all after that. Of course, it is only a story. 1．________, so the cat is worried about the race. A．He doesn’t know the way B．He can’t get up early C．He can’t run very fast D．He doesn’t like the race at all 2．Who comes after the ox? A．The cat. B．The tiger. C．The rat. D．The monkey. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The rat also goes to the race late. B．The cat gets to the gathering area on time. C．The rat asks the cat to wake up early on that day. D．The cat and the rat both want to take part in the race. 4．After the race, the cat may feel ________ when he knows the rat was the winner. A． B． C． D． 5．We can probably read the text in a ________. A．science book B．poster C．storybook D．sports book 10 The seasons make us think of a story. It’s about an ant and a grasshopper. The grasshopper and the ant lived in a forest. 1 All summer, the grasshopper sat and sang happily in the sun. But the ant made a house under the ground. Autumn came and the ant worked harder. He collected food and took it into his house. “Why do you work so hard?” asked the grasshopper. “ 2 It’ll be very cold and it’ll snow, too. It’ll be hard to find any food,” said the ant. “Don’t be silly (愚蠢的), my friend,” laughed the grasshopper. “There will be enough food in the forest in winter. 3 ” At last, winter came. 4 He had a lot of food. The grasshopper was outside in the snow. He looked for food everywhere, but he found nothing. He felt cold, hungry and disappointed (失望的). The ant heard the grasshopper and came out of his house. “What’s wrong, my friend?” asked the ant. “I’m cold and hungry,” answered the grasshopper sadly. The ant said, “ 5 It’s warm inside and I’ve got enough food for both of us.” The grasshopper thanked the ant and promised (承诺), “When spring comes, I’ll work hard like you.” A．Let’s sing and play. B．Come into my house. C．Winter is coming soon. D．The ant stayed in his warm house. E．The ant was preparing food for winter. F．The grasshopper went to the ant and asked for some food. G．The grasshopper was lazy and the ant was hard-working. 参考答案 1 【答案与解析】本文讲述麻雀与鹰争夺森林之王，鹰不满结果，把麻雀摔倒地上，麻雀的尾巴变得很短。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Let the bird who flies the highest be the king.”可知，飞得最高的鸟为王；故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘Who’s going to beat me? You?’ Eagle laughed”鹰笑问麻雀：你能赢我吗；可知，此处指“麻雀不同意鹰为王”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。本文按故事发展顺序叙述；根据第一段“All the birds thought they needed a king” 鸟儿们认为他们需要一个国王；第四段“All the birds took to the air. ”所有的鸟都飞起来了；第把八段“All the birds were very surprised to see Sparrow fly higher” 麻雀飞得比鹰高；第九段“Sparrow got hurt, and half of his tail was cut off. From then on, Sparrow had a short tail.” 麻雀的尾巴很短；可知，选项D排序正确。故选D。 4．词义猜测题。根据第五段“Only Eagle went on flying” 只有鹰还在飞；可知，此处指“鸟儿们退出了比赛”。故选A。 5．最佳标题。本文讲述麻雀与鹰争夺森林之王，鹰不满结果，把麻雀摔倒地上；可知，选项C“谁为王”符合文意。故选C。 2 【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了一条河流从不和别人分享他的水，所以他悲伤而孤独。之后，河中来了一条非常快乐的鱼，慢慢地，河流的孤独被这条鱼赶走了。 1．细节理解题。根据“He was unfriendly and he never shared his water with any fish, plant or animal. So his life went on, sad and lonely, for many years.”可知，因为他从不和别人分享他的水。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The girl was about to move away and she couldn’t take Scamp with her. So she decided to let Scamp be free.”可知，因为她就要搬走了，不能把他带走。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“When Scamp fell into the river, he felt the river’s loneliness (孤独).”可知，当Scamp掉进河里时，他感受到了河水的孤独。所以he指的是Scamp这条鱼。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“The river began to feel Scamp’s happiness. His loneliness was driven away (被赶走) by Scamp and he started talking to Scamp.”和全文可知，文章主要讲述了一条河流从不和别人分享他的水，所以他悲伤而孤独。之后，河中来了一条非常快乐的鱼，慢慢地，河流的孤独被这条鱼赶走了，所以A选项最符合文章大意，故选A。 5．推理判断题。文章是一篇寓言故事，所以可以在故事书上看到这篇文章。故选D。 3 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了丹麦作家安徒生以及他的作品。 1．细节理解题。根据“A duckling (小鸭子) is very sad because he is the ugliest (最丑的) among his brothers and sisters. But when he grows up, he becomes a handsome (漂亮的) young swan (天鹅).”可知，丑小鸭长大后变成了天鹅。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“In 1805, he was born into a poor family in Odense, Denmark.”可知，安徒生于1805年，至今已有两百多年。故选A。 3．细节理解题。通读全文可知，《丑小鸭》、《小美人鱼》和《皇帝的新装》都是安徒生的作品。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“One of his most famous sayings is To travel is to live.’”可知，安徒生说过“旅行即生活”，由此可推知他认为旅行是很重要的。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。根据“Today, Andersen is famous around the world. Children love his stories.”以及通读全文后可知，本文主要介绍了丹麦作家安徒生以及他的童话作品，他是一名童话作家。因此选项B“童话之王”应是最佳标题，符合文意。故选B。 4 【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了《山海经》这本书中的三种神奇生物。 1．细节理解题。根据“Welcome to the magical world of Shan Hai Jing, or The Classic of Mountains and Seas. Let’s meet three of the magical creatures in this book!”可知，在《山海经》这本书中能看到这些生物。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Like a peacock, the Fenghuang has a long tail.”“Qilin：It can fly in the sky, walk on water, roar like thunder (雷声) , and breathe fire.”及“Pixiu：There flies a lion-looking beast!”可知，凤凰像孔雀；麒麟可以喷火；貔貅像狮子。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Lin for females”可知，麟是雌性。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“There flies a lion-looking beast!”可知，貔貅看起来像狮子。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“When people see it, it’s a sign of peace (和平) and good luck.”可知，凤凰是和平和好运的象征。故选C。 5 【答案与解析】本文介绍了著名小说《小王子》的作者以及简单的故事情节。 1．段落大意题。根据“This year, Hong Kong’s Ocean Park will also have some installations of the little prince and other characters from the fairy tale. They work as ‘guides’ in the park.今年的香港海洋公园也将有一些小王子和其他童话人物的设施”可知，第二段主要是为了说明《小王子》这本书在香港也很畅销。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“In the story, a pilot crashes his plane in the desert. There, he meets a clever little prince from a different and very small planet.”可知，飞行员遇到了“小王子”，选项D的图形与之匹配。故选D。 3．词意猜测题。根据“other characters from the fairy tale. They work as ‘guides’ in the park.”及语境可知，此处指童话故事中的其他“人物”在现场当向导。故选C。 4．句意猜测题。根据“This often echoes with both children and grown-ups.这本书常常在儿童和成人之间引起共鸣”可推测，这本书老少皆宜。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了著名小说《小王子》的作者以及简单的故事情节。选项C“《小王子》这本书的简介”符合题意。故选C。 6 【答案与解析】本文讲述了“曹冲称象”的故事。 1．词义猜测题。根据“One person guessed it must weigh five thousand jin.”有人猜它一定有五千斤重。可知，此处是指人们对大象的重量很感兴趣。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Then solders put stones on the boat, one by one, until it went down again and water met the line on the boat.”可知，曹冲用石头和船来给大象称重，故选C。 3．段落大意题。根据“Then solders put stones on the boat, one by one, until it went down again and water met the line on the boat. Cao Chong then weighed the stones. He added up (加起来) the weight of all the stones and said,”可知，最后一段讲述了曹冲曹冲想到一个办法，称了大象的重量。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Cao Chong asked some soldiers to drive the elephant onto a big boat in the river... After Cao Chong drew a line on the side of the boat...Then solders put stones on the boat...He added up (加起来) the weight of all the stones and said”可知，正确的顺序是：把大象赶到一艘大船上→在船的一侧画一条线→把石头一块一块地放在船上→把所有石头的重量加起来。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据全文可知，大家都想知道大象的重量，但是不知道怎么给大象称重，这时曹冲想到用船和石头来给大象称重，最后也算出了大象的重量，所以他很聪明，故选A。 7 【参考答案】1. Nian would eat the animals and villagers. 2. To keep safe. 3. A smart old man. 4. 村民们后来知道了年害怕红色、光和大的响声。  5. We put up red couplets, set off firecrackers. 。 8 【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了一个狗的吠叫声帮助人们抓住了小偷，马为了证明自己有用，所以当有小偷逃跑时，他也发出嘶鸣声，可是他不知道狗的工作是通过吠叫告知主人有坏人，而忘记了自己的本职工作。 1．细节理解题。根据“The dog heard them and started barking (吠叫). The man quickly got up.”可知狗听到了小偷的声音，开始吠叫，它的主人快速起床了。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“They tried to run away ”可知他们听到狗叫时，逃跑了，说明他们当时很害怕。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“I can start to whinny (嘶鸣) now and people will think that the thieves ran away because of my whinnying”可知马也开始嘶鸣，想让人们认为小偷是因为他的嘶鸣声而逃走，所以他嘶鸣是想让人们认为他也很有用。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据前文可知，马想证明自己有用，也学狗那样，看到小偷发出嘶鸣声，根据“It is better to do your jobs than to try to be like me, friend.”可知狗建议马要做好自己的工作，即马要做自己擅长的事情。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了一个狗的吠叫声帮助人们抓住了小偷，马为了证明自己有用，所以当有小偷逃跑时，他也发出嘶鸣声，可是他不知道狗的工作是通过吠叫告知主人有坏人，而忘记了自己的本职工作，故以选项A“做好你自己的工作”为标题最合适。故选A。 9 【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了猫讨厌老鼠的中国民间故事，是因为在参加十二生肖排位赛时，老鼠没有叫醒猫一起去参加比赛。 1．细节理解题。根据“We should get up early for the race, but I usually wake up late.”可知，他不能早起，所以猫担心比赛。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“An ox comes next, and then a tiger.”可知，牛后面是老虎，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The rat says he will make his friend get up early and they can go together.”可知，猫和老鼠都想参加比赛。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“The cat wakes up late and he finds that the race is already over. The cat doesn’t like the rat at all after that”可推理出，在赛跑之后，当猫知道老鼠是获胜者时，它可能会感到生气抓狂，A项的表情图片符合题意。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“Do you know why the cat is not in the Chinese zodiac（生肖）? There is a famous Chinese folk（流传民间的） story about this.”可知，文章主要讲述了一个民间故事，所以我们最有可能在故事书上看到这篇文章。故选C。 10 【答案与解析】本文介绍了蚂蚁和蚱蜢的故事，蚂蚁辛苦为冬天的到来做准备，但是蚱蜢并没有，还好最后蚂蚁邀请蚱蜢一起共度冬天。 1．根据“All summer, the grasshopper sat and sang happily in the sun. But the ant made a house under the ground.”可知此处引出夏天蚱蜢和蚂蚁做的事情，G选项“蚱蜢很懒惰，蚂蚁很努力”符合语境。故选G。 2．根据“ It’ll be very cold and it’ll snow, too. It’ll be hard to find any food”可知冬天要来了，会下雪，C选项“冬天很快要来了”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“There will be enough food in the forest in winter.”可知蚱蜢觉得冬天还会有食物，没必要太担心，A选项“让我们唱歌，玩去吧”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“He had a lot of food.”可知He指此句中的蚂蚁，D选项“蚂蚁待在暖和的屋里”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据“ It’s warm inside and I’ve got enough food for both of us.”可知蚂蚁邀请蚱蜢进屋，B选项“进来我屋吧”符合语境。故选B。 $$