专题-S231 必修二 UNIT 3 The Internet 阅读理解【题型易-考试题型精练】高一下学期英语单元话题中心题型梯度训练 月考突破 题型特训（人教版2019）

专题-S231阅读理解 人教版必修二 题型特训 UNIT 3：The Internet 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·四川成都·期中）Having a right app can make a huge difference in your daily life. Sworkit As a fitness app, Sworkit provides users with lots of workout variety — from strength to cardio (有氧运动) to yoga. Once you download the app, you’ll be asked to do a quiz so Sworkit can work out the best program and fitness plan for you. The app is free to download but you’ll need to pay a monthly fee to access workouts after one-week free trial. Bookly Would you like something to track your reading progress? Here comes Bookly. You can get not only detailed and insightful statistics, such as reading speed, estimated book finish time, days you’ve read in a row, but also many personalized reading suggestions. However, what really makes this app shine is its another distinctive function which enables users to add their own comments, quotes, or thoughts while reading. Fabulous As the name suggests, this app’s aim is to make you feel fabulous (极好的). This daily self-care app offers specially designed routines that help you build healthy habits. Once you complete a habit or routine, the app will respond with words of encouragement, cute sound effects, or even a special letter. Peak This app is all about keeping your mind sharp. It has over 45 short, interactive games and puzzles that focus on aspects including memory, attention, problem-solving, and emotion control. When you open Peak for the first time, you’ll get to set personal goals and choose what brain-related aspects you’d like to improve on. The app is free to download, but unless you buy the paid version, you’ll need to watch some video advertisements every now and then. 1．Which is the right app for people who want to develop good habits? A．Bookly. B．Fabulous. C．Sworkit. D．Peak. 2．What makes Bookly outstanding particularly? A．It tracks users’ reading progress. B．It provides detailed and useful statistics. C．It offers personalized reading suggestions. D．Users can add their comments while reading. 3．What do Sworkit and Peak have in common? A．They offer varieties of options. B．Plans are made by users themselves. C．Users need to watch advertisements. D．They can be used for free all the time. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·辽宁·期末）In today’s digital world, mobile applications (apps) have become an essential part of our daily lives. Whether it’s for learning, entertainment, or managing tasks, there’s an app for almost everything. Here are three recommended apps that can greatly enhance your high school experience. Evernote Evernote is a must-have app for students. It’s a powerful note-taking and organizing tool that allows you to create, share, and sync notes across multiple devices. Whether you’re brainstorming ideas for a project, jotting down lecture notes, or planning your schedule, Evernote keeps everything organized and accessible. You can even attach photos, documents, and web clips to your notes, making it a versatile tool for learning and research. Headspace With the increasing stress levels in high school, it’s essential to maintain a healthy mindset. Headspace is a meditation app that provides guided meditation s to help you relax, reduce stress, and improve focus. The app offers a variety of meditation sessions, ranging from short, three-minute meditation s to longer, more in-depth sessions. It’s a great way to incorporate mindfulness into your daily routine and enhance your overall well-being. Khan Academy Khan Academy is an excellent resource for students who want to enhance their academic skills. The app offers a wide range of courses in various subjects, including math, science, and humanities. The courses are taught by experienced teachers and are designed to be engaging and interactive. Khan Academy also provides personalized learning paths and practice problems to help you master the concepts you’re learning. Forest Forest is an innovative app designed to help high school students stay focused and avoid distractions. The concept is simple yet effective: you set a timer for the duration you want to focus on a task, and a virtual tree starts growing on your screen. If you leave the app during the timer, the tree dies. This creates a fun and motivating way to stay on task and avoid getting distracted by social media, games, or other apps. 1．Which app can help students become more organized? A．Evernote. B．Headspace. C．Khan Academy. D．Forest. 2．Khan Academy offers . A．guided meditations B．personalized study plans C．organizational tools D．note-taking functions 3．Both Headspace and Forest are designed to help users to become . A．intelligent and wise B．creative and imaginative C．concentrated and attentive D．motivated and active Passage 3 （23-24高一下·北京顺义·期中）In today’s world, online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing over worldwide, although with time all generations have come to accept the changes social network has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most enthusiastic users of these sites. According to various research studies in the field of online social networks it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth. Firstly, social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world, and helps the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart. This strengthens their relationship. Even if they finished school and moved to different locations, they stay connected and update one another. In addition, social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their Common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating different topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed say that social media has become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and more efficient. While on the one hand social network sites seem to bring people together and stay connected, on the other hand it causes many physical and mental health problems such as eyes infection, back problems, etc. Other negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor spelling and grammar, exposing underage to online predators（捕食者）, allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact, decreasing productivity as those who are supposed to be working spend time in the sites to chat, providing a perfect platform for cyberbullying and providing details that increase risks of identity theft. “The more social media we have, the more we think were connecting, yet we are really disconnecting from each other.” One researcher said. In conclusion, social networking clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth. It is the decision of individuals whether to use it in a right way or wrong. 1．Why do young people make use of the platform offered by social media sites? A．To practice their debate skills B．To change their way of living C．To improve their academic performance D．To lay the foundation for their future careers 2．It can be inferred that the main disadvantages of social networking may ______. A．put young people in danger B．allow spread of information C．let out users’ health problems D．reduce the using of poor spelling 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．The research on online social media B．The correct way to use online social media. C．The introduction of online social media history D．The influence of online social media on the youth Passage 4 （22-23高一下·全国·单元测试）What the future school will look like is difficult to make clear, but most experts agree that the school will be electronic in the future. “Present-day schools will no longer exist in the next century,” says a report in The Age. “At that time, schools will become community-style centers, which run seven days a week, and 24 hours a day.” At the same time, computers will surely become a central part of the school in the future. According to The Age, the distance (远程) learning will be popular and students will listen to teachers on computers. Going into classrooms on their computers, students will study at any time, which is very easy for them. However, it is necessary for students to go to the actual school in order to develop some social skills. Seashore Primary School is an imaginary school in the future created by the Education Department of Australia. At this school, all the teachers and students have laptop computers. Teachers check messages and call students back with a special telephone system and students use telephones to search for information or speak to their teachers who give their lessons. Besides, all the lessons are related to all sorts of subjects and all the students have their own learning plans created by teachers. As one headmaster says, a laptop computer is a student's library, data storage (数据存储) device as well as the bridge to a wider world. Technology has changed the emphasis of future learning. Thus, we'll pay more attention to the learning of kids rather than the teaching. 1. According to the report in The Age, students in future schools will ______. A．study at set times B．have no teachers C．never go to actual schools D．mainly study online 2. The example of Seashore Primary School is given to show ______. A．every student needs a learning plan B．how future schools will work C．students enjoy getting in touch with teachers D．telephones are important in Australia 3. What does the underlined word “emphasis” in the last paragraph mean? A．Lesson. B．Score. C．Focus. D．Attitude. 4. Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．Great Changes in Technology B．Actual Schools to Be Replaced C．The Schools in the Future D．Seashore Primary School Passage 5 （23-24高一下·湖南郴州·期末）In late 2021, a scientist named Bohmann from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and her team found a new way to study animals. They discovered many types of animals in the Copenhagen Zoo and around it, even when the animals were not inside the zoo. They used a special method to find the animals: they absorbed air through a filter (过滤器) to get DNA from it. The air we breathe is mostly made up of nitrogen (氮气) and oxygen, but it also has a tiny bit of DNA．Animals drop bits of their DNA into the environment all the time, from their skin, waste, fur, feathers and more. This DNA can help us understand what animals live in a certain area. Scientists have found DNA in rain, soil, and honey, and even in water. Air is everywhere, so it’s easy to take samples from it. It’s easier to collect DNA from the air than people thought. At a zoo in Cambridgeshire, a biologist named Elizabeth Clare from York University in Toronto did some tests. She used a special vacuum (真空吸尘器) to get DNA from the air near the zoo’s fences. She found DNA from many different animals, even from far away. One type of lemur (狐猴) was found everywhere, but another type was never found, even when she tried right next to it. Clare thought the tests were very successful. At first, Clare and Bohmann thought their experiments might not work at all. But they were surprised to find lots of different animals, 49 in Denmark and 25 in England, both inside and outside the zoo. They even found DNA from fish that were used as food for other animals. Bohmann said it was amazing. This new way of using a DNA vacuum could help us find out where endangered animals live and protect them better. It could change how we watch over different types of animals and help us make better decisions about the environment. 1. What does the presence of DNA in the air suggest? A．Animals are dropping DNA． B．The air is polluted. C．There is a high concentration of oxygen. D．Nitrogen is the main component of DNA． 2. How did Clare collect DNA at the zoo in Cambridgeshire? A．By testing the animals. B．By analyzing soil samples. C．By collecting samples from water. D．Using a special vacuum attached to fences. 3. What potential effect does this new way of DNA vacuuming have? A．It could help protect animals better. B．It could improve air quality. C．It could increase the number of zoos. D．It could help change animals’ DNA． 4. What can be the best title for the text? A．Doing Research on Animal DNA B．Vacuuming Animal DNA Out of the Air C．Extracting DNA from Animal Bodies Directly D．Mapping the Habitats of Endangered Animals 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高一下·河南·阶段练习）If you have ever dreamed of making money from making music but are worried that you have little talent, don’t let that stop you — a man called Alex Mitchell might be able to help. Mr. Mitchell is the founder and boss of a website and app called Boomy, which helps its users create their own songs using artificial intelligence (AI) software. It is easy to use the app to help you compose the music. What you need to do is choose from a number of types, click on “create song”, and the AI will compose one for you in less than 30 seconds. It is able to quickly choose the song’s style and melody (旋律). And from there you can then finish your song with ease. You can do things such as adding or removing instruments, making everything sound brighter or softer, and recording some songs. But, how good are these Boomy-created songs? It has to be said that they do sound very computer-produced. You wouldn’t mistake them for a group of people making music using real instruments. However, using AI to help create music isn’t quite new. US classical composer, David Cope, developed such a software system back in the 1980s. One day he set it up to write pieces similar to those by Johann Sebastian Bach. Mr. Cope then went out for a sandwich, and returned to find that the computer had created 5,000 Bach-styled pieces. These were later made public on an album called Bach on purpose. More recently, in 2019, US electronic music composer, Holly Herndon, made an album called PROTO working together with an AI system called Spawn that she had co-created. Mr. Mitchell says that technological advancements in AI have made songwriting software much cheaper. It’s not just for musicians anymore, it’s for most people like you and me. 1. What’s the purpose of setting up Boomy? A．To develop music education. B．To record and sell music for money. C．To help users learn AI technology. D．To help users create their own songs. 2. What can we learn about creating music by using AI? A．It is difficult to master. B．It is highly effective. C．It is newly invented. D．It is only fit for Bach’s works. 3. What can be inferred about songwriting software from the last paragraph? A．It is becoming more expensive. B．It is becoming less popular. C．It is becoming more convenient. D．It is becoming less important. 4. Which part of a newspaper does the passage most probably come from? A．Culture. B．Environment. C．Lifestyle. D．Technology. Passage 7 （23-24高一下·广东江门·期末）Free “AI chicken soup” has been on the menu this week at Shenzhen University in Guangdong province to celebrate a breakthrough by students in applying artificial intelligence to change Silkie chicken(乌鸡) farming, which has so far increased production by 30 percent. To share the joy of its success at the chicken farm in Chishui, Guizhou province, the Tencent Cloud Artificial Intelligence Class(TCAIC) — a program set up by the university and tech giant Tencent — offered the free soup to all teachers and students at the university’s cafeteria. As Spring Festival is on the way, the students in class said they decided to have the cafeteria turn these black-boned birds into “AI chicken soup” before the holiday to give teachers and students a taste of technology. In the last eight months, about a dozen students from the class have devoted themselves to developing an intelligent farming system for the Silkie chickens in Chishui. Students learned from their previous experience in developing an AI goose type in Shantou, Guangdong, in 2022. Previously, they successfully improved the overall survival rate of the Lion-Head goose (African goose) by 30 percent because they made use of technologies such as “goose body recognition”. Based on this success, the students risked the Silkie chicken farm in Chishui. Using deep learning and computer vision technologies, they successfully identified 250,000 Silkie chickens to create a completed database. The result was the world’s first intelligent Silkie chicken farming system, which increased the farm’s output by 30 percent. “This farming system combines the old tradition of free-range (自由放养的) farming and modern technology. It contributed to the production of high-quality Silkie chickens through the use of cloud technology,” said Feng Yuhong, the Tencent class adviser. Zhang Xiaohong, the university’s vice-president, also announced that the project not only marks a significant advancement in the application of AI in agriculture, but also enables students to deepen their understanding of technology and develop their practical skills. 1. According to the passage, the free “AI chicken soup” ______ . A．was a symbol of the TCAIC program. B．was only offered to teachers by the TCAIC program. C．represented the success in the application of AI in farming. D．has been on the cafeteria menu because students want to taste it. 2. What improved the Silkie chicken farm’s output? A．Silkie chicken body recognition. B．The completed Silkie chicken database. C．Deep learning and computer vision technologies. D．The first intelligent Silkie chicken farming system. 3. What does Zhang Xiaohong think of this project? A．It combines old farming method with modern technology. B．It improves students’ understanding of technology and practical skills. C．It calls on university students to use the system with modern technology. D．It contributes to the production of high-quality Silkie chicken on the farm. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Cloud AI Class for Students. B．Intelligent Goose Farming System. C．Application of AI Advances in Agriculture. D．“AI Chicken Soup” Offers Taste of Technology. Passage 8 （23-24高一下·湖北·阶段练习）In the book Consciousness Explained, the cognitive (认知的) scientist Daniel Dennett describes a kind of fish, which wanders through the sea looking for a suitable rock to make its home for life. On finding one, the fish no longer needs its brain and eats it. Humanity is unlikely to adopt such an eating habit but there is a worrying trend that people are dumping themselves down by becoming overly dependent on “intelligent” machines, especially when ChatGPT comes out. Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has drawn 1 million people to register during the first week. Its allure is obvious: ChatGPT can produce jokes, write undergraduate essays and create computer code from a short writing prompt (提示). But this is a false impression. Computers have become more capable but they lack genuine thinking, developed in humans through constant social practices. ChatGPT does not know what it is doing; it is unable to say how or why it produced a response; and cannot tell if it is making sense. So why all the fuss? Google’s new Al-powered search tool, Bard was released in March 2023, making its ambition obvious in its promotional video. The profit-driven competition to fill our daily lives with artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly fierce. Humans have a long track of turning a blind eye to the risks of new breakthroughs. Web companies want to draw their users to think extremely highly of their Al tools, encouraging humanity to think them far beyond human’s cognitive competence. As we know, the rise of civilization through art and agriculture contributes mostly to the remarkable human mental powers. No one knows what will happen to such technologies if the software engineers of the future make themselves become software programs. Maybe the danger is not machines being treated like humans, but humans being treated like machines. 1. Why does the author mention “the fish” in the first paragraph? A．To stress the importance of intelligent machines. B．To introduce a new kind of eating habit in animals. C．To compare with human’s unwillingness to think. D．To praise the excellence of human thinking ability. 2. What does the underlined word “allure” mean in the second paragraph? A．Target. B．Attraction. C．Weakness. D．Access. 3. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Computers are skilled at completing cognitive tasks. B．Making money is not so important in the AI competition. C．Machines and humans should be treated equally. D．Web companies want the users to overstate AI tools. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A．ChatGPT has both benefits and risks. B．Human depends overly on intelligent tools. C．More intelligent technology is always better. D．Human’s cognitive competence is irreplaceable. Passage 9 （23-24高一下·江西新余·期末）A person suffering from paralysis (瘫痪) was able to independently drink water by using his brain to control a special glove serving as his hand. It sounds like magic, doesn’t it? This was a recent breakthrough in brain-machine interface (BMI) technology by a team of Chinese scientists and doctors. BMI refers to creating a connection between the human brain and external devices, making direct communication between the brain and computers. For paralyzed people, it helps control the body through thoughts in the brain cortex (大脑皮层) and do simple things by themselves. On Oct 24, 2023, the team completed the first clinical trial on the patient, using wireless minimally invasive (微创的) BMI implantation (植入). Two coin-sized BMI processors were implanted into the patient’s skull (颅骨), successfully receiving neural signals (神经信号) from the brain. After three months of home rehabilitation (康复) training, the patient can now use his brain signals to control a special glove powered by air pressure. This helps him do things like drinking water independently. The significance of the project is that the patient’s neural tissue was not damaged during the process, whereas previous attempts may have such risks. It also uses a wireless power supply, meaning that the implanted device does not require a battery. BMI is now mainly applied in the medical field to help improve the quality of life for those who have trouble moving or speaking due to brain-related issues. Additionally, BMI has simple applications for healthy individuals, such as monitoring attention span, fatigue (疲劳), and sleep, as well as serving as a simple interactive gaming device. In China, BMI technology is still in the early stages of research and development, with no products available yet on the market. Some people are worried that psychologically experiments may affect the autonomy (自主性) and even personality of the patients. Meanwhile, ethical concerns (伦理问题) related to BMI users also need to be addressed. These include patient privacy and whether the patient has a clear understanding of what is involved when agreeing to take part in the experiment. 1. What is the main focus of BMI technology? A．Advancing human communication. B．Developing wireless neural signal reception. C．Enhancing the connection between the brain and devices. D．Improving interaction between paralyzed individuals. 2. What do we know about the BMI implantation trial mentioned in the article? A．The patient could control a special glove to move. B．The BMI processors used are too small to be seen by the naked eye. C．The patient’s neural tissues were damaged during the implantation. D．Signals from the whole body were received by the BMI processors. 3. What is an important feature of the implanted BMI device? A．Minimally invasive wired implantation. B．Integration of air pressure technology. C．Application in simple interactive gaming. D．Use of wireless power instead of battery power. 4. What are the concerns mentioned about BMI technology? A．Ethical issues related to patient privacy. B．Psychological effects on healthy individuals. C．Potential physical impacts for patients. D．The high price of BMI products on the market. Passage 10 （23-24高一下·江苏南通·期末）Neuralink has conducted its first surgical test of a brain chip implant (芯片植入), announcing a new step of Elon Musk’s ambitious plan to let humans wirelessly (无线) connect their brains with phones and other devices. Months before, for its clinical trial, Neuralink called for volunteers aged 22 and above with quadriplegia (四肢瘫痪) due to a brain injury or ALS, a disease that prevents people from controlling their bodies. This clinical trial is called PRIME — for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain-Computer Interface. As the name implies, the process involves using a robot to surgically put the wires of the company’s implant into a part of the brain related to movement. The implant procedure employs custom-made microscopic needles. The tip is only 10 to 12 microns in width — slightly larger than the diameter of a red blood cell, which allows threads to be put in with minimal damage to the brain. Neuralink has previously faced different opinions due to accusations (指控) in 2022 and 2023 against the effect the company’s practices produced on monkeys and other animals used in testing. “No monkey has died as a result of a Neuralink implant,” Musk said in response last September, “to reduce risk to healthy monkeys, we chose terminal monkeys.” Research in computers and neurology (神经学) has been going for decades, including the fast growing field of decoding (解码) the brain’s electrical activity around words,  impulses and images. Much of the ongoing research has sought to bring people affected by paralysis and blindness new ways of interacting with the world. But implants have also long been seen as having the potential to “enhance” people who aren’t affected by such serious conditions. “Imagine the joy of connecting with your loved ones, surfing the Internet or even playing games using only your thoughts,” Neuralink said. 1. Through brain chip implant test, Neuralink aims ____________. A．to reduce people’s control over the outside world B．to call for more people to volunteer in the research C．to cure people of diseases such as quadriplegia and ALS D．to enable people to use modern devices with their minds 2. What does the underlined word “terminal” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Full of energy. B．Close to death. C．Willing to be volunteers. D．Unlikely to be sick. 3. What can be concluded about the Neuralink implant? A．It has been going on for decades. B．It can also benefit healthy people. C．It can make your loved ones happier. D．It is conducted widely across the world. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Neuralink Put Implant into a Human Brain B．Neuralink Researched in Computer Technology C．Neuralink Helped to Connect Your Beloved Ones D．Neuralink Treated Rare Diseases Just with Needles 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高一下·四川·期末）A user could ask ChatGPT to write a computer program or summarize an article, and the AI chatbot would likely be able to produce useful code. However, someone could also ask for instructions to build a gun, and the chatbot might be able to provide those, too. To prevent this and other safety issues, companies that build large language models typically safeguard them using a process called red-teaming. Teams of human testers write prompts (提示词) aimed at triggering (引发) unsafe text from the model being tested. These prompts are used to teach the chatbot to avoid such responses. But this only works effectively if engineers know which toxic (有害的) prompts to use. If human testers miss some prompts, which is likely given the number of possibilities, a chatbot regarded as safe might still be capable of producing unsafe answers. Researchers from Improbable AI Lab at MIT and the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab used machine learning to improve red-teaming. They developed a technique to train a red-team large language model to automatically create diverse prompts that trigger a wider range of undesirable responses from the chatbot being tested. They do this by teaching the red-team model to be curious when it writes prompts, and to focus on new prompts that trigger toxic responses from the target model. The technique performed better than human testers and other machine-learning approaches by creating more distinct prompts that triggered increasingly toxic responses. Not only does their method significantly improve the coverage of inputs being tested compared to other automated methods, but it can also draw out toxic responses from a chatbot that had safeguards built into it by human experts. “Right now, every large language model has to go through a very long period of red-teaming to ensure its safety. That is not going to be sustainable if we want to update these models in rapidly changing environments. Our method provides a faster and more effective way to do this quality assurance,” says Zhang Weihong, a lead author of a paper on this red-teaming approach. 1. What is the purpose of red-teaming? A．To safeguard some large companies. B．To help build typical language models. C．To teach AI chatbot to deal with hard work. D．To prevent AI from causing safety problems. 2. What is the problem of the red-team of human testers? A．It is not as curious as machines. B．Its language model is much smaller. C．It often fails to recognize safe prompts. D．It is likely to miss some toxic prompts. 3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The working principles of the new technique. B．Different types of machine-learning approaches. C．The advantages of the new method of red-teaming. D．The difference between human testers and machines. 4. What does Zhang Weihong think of the method? A．It takes more time. B．It is updated rapidly. C．It proves successful. D．It is environmentally friendly. Passage 12 （23-24高一下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Having hundreds of friends online is no substitute (代替品) for a handful of close friends in real life. Researchers discovered that people with only a few friends were at least as happy as those with far more if many of theirs were online. The number of “peripheral others”, someone connected with online — former classmates and coworkers, for example — had no connection with how satisfied they felt. Scientists did their study using data from two online surveys conducted on 1, 496 people by a non- profit research organization. People taking part in the study shared their ages, the make- up of their social networks, how often they had different types of social interactions, and their own feelings of well- being. They included details of how often and how they interacted with family or neighbours, and whether they included people who provided services for them in their networks. The number of close friends someone had was the only thing that influenced how satisfied they were with their social life. “Lonelines s has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends, ” said Dr Bruine, an expert of the study. “If you feel lonely, it may be more helpful to make a positive connection with a friend than to try and seek out new people to meet. ” In the study, they found older people tended to have smaller social networks. Younger people's were larger but this was mostly made up of “peripheral others” — not true friends, just people they knew — and did not contribute to their happiness. Even variations in the number of family members or neighbours somebody spent time with did not affect how happy they were with their social life. Dr Bruine said her research echoed other findings showing people would be happier if a larger proportion of their online friends were actually their friends in reality. She added, “Stereotypes of aging tend to paint older adults in many cultures as sad and lonely. But the research shows that older adults’ smaller networks didn't weaken social satisfaction and well- being. In fact, older adults tend to report better well- being than younger adults.” 1. What has a good influence on one's happiness according to the study? A．Helping familiar coworkers. B．Meeting with close friends face to face. C．Maving impersonal networks of friends. D．Keeping in touch with family members online. 2. What did the 1, 496 people taking part in the study have to do? A．Keep off using the Internet. B．Show their attitudes to happiness. C．Reveal their social life thoroughly. D．Find “peripheral others” from their friends. 3. Who is more likely to be attacked by loneliness from the study? A．Parents living with their children. B．Young people without friends in reality. C．Older adults with fewer friends online. D．Those having fewer relatives or neighbours. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A．Social network size isn't linked to happiness. B．Larger social networks don't guarantee more happiness. C．Many online friends don't equal a few good real- life friends. D．Older adults tend to be more satisfied with their social lives. Passage 13 （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期中）ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies. The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic. “We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it,” says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. “Now you’ll have this resource that can process the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.” ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result; the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that. Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books. However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools. 1. What is the unique feature of ChatGPT? A．It has artificial intelligence. B．It can engage in meaningful conversations. C．It has the largest number of users. D．It can answer users' questions. 2. What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics? A．Its accurate information. B．Its capability of information processing. C．Its vast body of questions. D．Its availability of up-to-date data. 3. Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it? A．ChatGPT is unable to think itself. B．ChatGPT lacks creativity. C．ChatGPT offers illogical information. D．ChatGPT is not properly trained. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. Passage 14 （23-24高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Have you ever looked at a seal (海豹) and thought, “Is that the same seal I saw yesterday?” Well, there could soon be an app for that. Known as SealNet, this app was developed by a team of undergraduate students from Colgate University in New York. Taking inspiration from the technology adapted for recognizing bears, Krista Ingram, a biologist at Colgate University, led her students to develop software that is tailored to identify the harbor seal, a species with a special liking for posing on coasts. The team had to train their software to identify seal faces. “I give it a photograph. It finds the face, and makes it a standard size,” says Ingram. And then she and her students would identify the nose, the mouth, and the center of the eyes by themselves. As with all technology, however, SealNet is not always unerring. The software saw seal faces on other body parts, plants, and even rocks. In one case, Ingram and her students did a double take at the similarity between a rock and a seal face. “The rock did look like a seal face,” Ingram says. “The darker parts were about the same distance as the eyes, so you can understand why the software found a face.” Consequently, she says it’s always best to check that seal faces identified by the software belong to a real seal. Of the world’s pinnipeds — a group that includes seals and sea lions — harbor seals are considered the most widely spread. Yet knowledge gaps do exist. Other techniques to track seals, such as tagging and aerial monitoring, have their limitations and can be highly invasive (侵入的) or expensive. Ingram believes SealNet could be a useful, noninvasive tool for researchers. Ingram points to an aspect of seal behavior that SealNet could cast more light on. The team’s trials indicated that seals return to the same sites on coasts year after year. Increasing scientists’ understanding of how seals move around could strengthen arguments for protecting specific areas, says Anders Galatius, an ecologist at Aarhus University in Denmark. 1. What can we learn about SealNet? A．It is a seal face-finding system. B．It can help recognize bears as well. C．It was developed by some graduates. D．It can take photos of seals automatically. 2. What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Available. B．Complicated. C．Accurate. D．Essential. 3. What do seals tend to do on coasts? A．Stay on round rocks. B．Move around to keep fit. C．Stick with sea lions. D．Visit certain spots regularly. 4. What is the main purpose of the text? A．To call for the protection of seals. B．To introduce seal-friendly technology. C．To display new ways of tracking seals. D．To explain why seals always move around. Passage 15 （23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中）When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was specifically designed without any latest technology. “What’s so innovative about that?” a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. “Why couldn’t they both be innovative?” I asked. We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots, trying to figure out their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment. At best, this is a waste of resources. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology’s capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven benefits. Companies that applied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices. True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview(后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies. Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality. 1. Which of the following best describes Samcheong Park Library? A．Dull but convenient. B．Simple but refreshing. C．Old-fashioned but cozy. D．Unexceptional but spacious. 2. What can we learn about innovation from Paragraph 3? A．Its true meaning is to buy new things. B．It is important for the growth of economy. C．It shouldn’t involve simple and effective ideas. D．Its true meaning has been misread by the public. 3. Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Magic devices encourage innovation. B．Innovation should be human-centered. C．The power of technology is undervalued. D．Wasting resources are a must for innovation. 4. What is the writing purpose of the text? A．To introduce some best ideas about innovation. B．To show that future lies in returning to the past. C．To convince people of the true meaning of innovation. D．To stress the important role innovation plays in economy. 高一下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$专题-S231阅读理解 人教版必修二 题型特训 UNIT 3：The Internet 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·四川成都·期中）Having a right app can make a huge difference in your daily life. Sworkit As a fitness app, Sworkit provides users with lots of workout variety — from strength to cardio (有氧运动) to yoga. Once you download the app, you’ll be asked to do a quiz so Sworkit can work out the best program and fitness plan for you. The app is free to download but you’ll need to pay a monthly fee to access workouts after one-week free trial. Bookly Would you like something to track your reading progress? Here comes Bookly. You can get not only detailed and insightful statistics, such as reading speed, estimated book finish time, days you’ve read in a row, but also many personalized reading suggestions. However, what really makes this app shine is its another distinctive function which enables users to add their own comments, quotes, or thoughts while reading. Fabulous As the name suggests, this app’s aim is to make you feel fabulous (极好的). This daily self-care app offers specially designed routines that help you build healthy habits. Once you complete a habit or routine, the app will respond with words of encouragement, cute sound effects, or even a special letter. Peak This app is all about keeping your mind sharp. It has over 45 short, interactive games and puzzles that focus on aspects including memory, attention, problem-solving, and emotion control. When you open Peak for the first time, you’ll get to set personal goals and choose what brain-related aspects you’d like to improve on. The app is free to download, but unless you buy the paid version, you’ll need to watch some video advertisements every now and then. 1．Which is the right app for people who want to develop good habits? A．Bookly. B．Fabulous. C．Sworkit. D．Peak. 2．What makes Bookly outstanding particularly? A．It tracks users’ reading progress. B．It provides detailed and useful statistics. C．It offers personalized reading suggestions. D．Users can add their comments while reading. 3．What do Sworkit and Peak have in common? A．They offer varieties of options. B．Plans are made by users themselves. C．Users need to watch advertisements. D．They can be used for free all the time. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四款不同的应用程序，它们分别针对健康、阅读、自我关怀和大脑训练，旨在改善用户的日常生活。 1．细节理解题。根据Fabulous部分的句子“As the name suggests, this app’s aim is to make you feel fabulous (Fabulous应用旨在让用户感觉极好)”可知，这款应用提供特别设计的日常自我关怀程序，帮助用户建立健康习惯。因此，对于想要培养良好习惯的人来说，正确的应用程序是 Fabulous。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Bookly部分的句子“However, what really makes this app shine is its another distinctive function which enables users to add their own comments, quotes, or thoughts while reading. (然而，真正使这个应用脱颖而出的是它的另一个独特功能，它允许用户在阅读时添加自己的评论、引用或想法。)”可知，Bookly 应用的特别之处在于它不仅提供详细的统计数据，如阅读速度、预计完成书籍的时间、连续阅读的天数，还允许用户在阅读时添加自己的评论、引用或想法。因此，使 Bookly 脱颖而出的特点是用户可以在阅读时添加自己的评论。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据Sworkit部分的句子“As a fitness app, Sworkit provides users with lots of workout variety —from strength to cardio to yoga. (作为一个健身应用，Sworkit为用户提供了从力量训练到有氧运动到瑜伽的多种锻炼方式。)”和根据 Peak部分的句子“It has over 45 short, interactive games and puzzles that focus on aspects including memory, attention, problem-solving, and emotion control.(Peak 提供了超过 45 个短小、互动性强的游戏和谜题，专注于记忆、注意力、解决问题和情绪控制等方面。)”可知，Sworkit 和 Peak 两款应用的共同之处在于它们都提供了多种选择。故选A项。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·辽宁·期末）In today’s digital world, mobile applications (apps) have become an essential part of our daily lives. Whether it’s for learning, entertainment, or managing tasks, there’s an app for almost everything. Here are three recommended apps that can greatly enhance your high school experience. Evernote Evernote is a must-have app for students. It’s a powerful note-taking and organizing tool that allows you to create, share, and sync notes across multiple devices. Whether you’re brainstorming ideas for a project, jotting down lecture notes, or planning your schedule, Evernote keeps everything organized and accessible. You can even attach photos, documents, and web clips to your notes, making it a versatile tool for learning and research. Headspace With the increasing stress levels in high school, it’s essential to maintain a healthy mindset. Headspace is a meditation app that provides guided meditation s to help you relax, reduce stress, and improve focus. The app offers a variety of meditation sessions, ranging from short, three-minute meditation s to longer, more in-depth sessions. It’s a great way to incorporate mindfulness into your daily routine and enhance your overall well-being. Khan Academy Khan Academy is an excellent resource for students who want to enhance their academic skills. The app offers a wide range of courses in various subjects, including math, science, and humanities. The courses are taught by experienced teachers and are designed to be engaging and interactive. Khan Academy also provides personalized learning paths and practice problems to help you master the concepts you’re learning. Forest Forest is an innovative app designed to help high school students stay focused and avoid distractions. The concept is simple yet effective: you set a timer for the duration you want to focus on a task, and a virtual tree starts growing on your screen. If you leave the app during the timer, the tree dies. This creates a fun and motivating way to stay on task and avoid getting distracted by social media, games, or other apps. 1．Which app can help students become more organized? A．Evernote. B．Headspace. C．Khan Academy. D．Forest. 2．Khan Academy offers . A．guided meditations B．personalized study plans C．organizational tools D．note-taking functions 3．Both Headspace and Forest are designed to help users to become . A．intelligent and wise B．creative and imaginative C．concentrated and attentive D．motivated and active 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款应用程序以及各自的特点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Whether you’re brainstorming ideas for a project, jotting down lecture notes, or planning your schedule, Evernote keeps everything organized and accessible.(无论你是在为一个项目集思广益，记下课堂笔记，还是计划你的日程安排， Evernote都能让一切井井有条)”可知，Evernote可以帮助学生变得更有条理。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Khan Academy also provides personalized learning paths and practice problems to help you master the concepts you’re learning.(可汗学院还提供个性化的学习路径和练习问题，以帮助您掌握正在学习的概念)”可知，可汗学院提供个性化的学习计划。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Headspace is a meditation app that provides guided meditation s to help you relax, reduce stress, and improve focus.(Headspace是一个冥想应用程序，它提供指导冥想，帮助你放松，减轻压力，提高注意力)”以及最后一段“This creates a fun and motivating way to stay on task and avoid getting distracted by social media, games, or other apps.(这创造了一种有趣和激励的方式来专注于任务，避免被社交媒体、游戏或其他应用程序分散注意力)”可知，Headspace和Forest的设计都是为了帮助用户变得专注和专心。故选C。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·北京顺义·期中）In today’s world, online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing over worldwide, although with time all generations have come to accept the changes social network has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most enthusiastic users of these sites. According to various research studies in the field of online social networks it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth. Firstly, social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world, and helps the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart. This strengthens their relationship. Even if they finished school and moved to different locations, they stay connected and update one another. In addition, social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their Common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating different topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed say that social media has become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and more efficient. While on the one hand social network sites seem to bring people together and stay connected, on the other hand it causes many physical and mental health problems such as eyes infection, back problems, etc. Other negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor spelling and grammar, exposing underage to online predators（捕食者）, allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact, decreasing productivity as those who are supposed to be working spend time in the sites to chat, providing a perfect platform for cyberbullying and providing details that increase risks of identity theft. “The more social media we have, the more we think were connecting, yet we are really disconnecting from each other.” One researcher said. In conclusion, social networking clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth. It is the decision of individuals whether to use it in a right way or wrong. 1．Why do young people make use of the platform offered by social media sites? A．To practice their debate skills B．To change their way of living C．To improve their academic performance D．To lay the foundation for their future careers 2．It can be inferred that the main disadvantages of social networking may ______. A．put young people in danger B．allow spread of information C．let out users’ health problems D．reduce the using of poor spelling 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．The research on online social media B．The correct way to use online social media. C．The introduction of online social media history D．The influence of online social media on the youth 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了在线社交媒体对年轻人的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In addition, social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their Common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating different topics to discuss.(此外，社交媒体网站提供了一个平台，年轻人可以根据他们的共同学科创建小组和页面，最终通过更新不同的话题来讨论，为各自的职业建立联系和机会)”可知，年轻人利用社交媒体提供的平台来为他们未来的事业打好基础。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Other negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor spelling and grammar, exposing underage to online predators, allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact, decreasing productivity as those who are supposed to be working spend time in the sites to chat, providing a perfect platform for cyberbullying and providing details that increase risks of identity theft.(许多人认为，社交网络的其他负面影响还包括鼓励拼写和语法错误，将未成年人暴露在网络捕食者面前，允许被视为事实的错误信息传播，降低工作效率，因为那些应该在工作的人花时间在网站上聊天，为网络欺凌提供了一个完美的平台，并提供了增加身份被盗用风险的细节)”可推知，网络的负面影响会让年轻人处于更大的危险之中。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“According to various research studies in the field of online social networks it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth.(根据在线社交网络领域的各种研究表明，这些网站正在极大地影响年轻人的生活。当使用这些网站，如Twitter、Facebook或Myspace时，对年轻人既有积极的影响，也有消极的影响)”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了社交媒体对于年轻人的影响。故选D。 Passage 4 （22-23高一下·全国·单元测试）What the future school will look like is difficult to make clear, but most experts agree that the school will be electronic in the future. “Present-day schools will no longer exist in the next century,” says a report in The Age. “At that time, schools will become community-style centers, which run seven days a week, and 24 hours a day.” At the same time, computers will surely become a central part of the school in the future. According to The Age, the distance (远程) learning will be popular and students will listen to teachers on computers. Going into classrooms on their computers, students will study at any time, which is very easy for them. However, it is necessary for students to go to the actual school in order to develop some social skills. Seashore Primary School is an imaginary school in the future created by the Education Department of Australia. At this school, all the teachers and students have laptop computers. Teachers check messages and call students back with a special telephone system and students use telephones to search for information or speak to their teachers who give their lessons. Besides, all the lessons are related to all sorts of subjects and all the students have their own learning plans created by teachers. As one headmaster says, a laptop computer is a student's library, data storage (数据存储) device as well as the bridge to a wider world. Technology has changed the emphasis of future learning. Thus, we'll pay more attention to the learning of kids rather than the teaching. 1. According to the report in The Age, students in future schools will ______. A．study at set times B．have no teachers C．never go to actual schools D．mainly study online 2. The example of Seashore Primary School is given to show ______. A．every student needs a learning plan B．how future schools will work C．students enjoy getting in touch with teachers D．telephones are important in Australia 3. What does the underlined word “emphasis” in the last paragraph mean? A．Lesson. B．Score. C．Focus. D．Attitude. 4. Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．Great Changes in Technology B．Actual Schools to Be Replaced C．The Schools in the Future D．Seashore Primary School 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了未来学校的电子化特点。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“According to The Age, the distance (远程) learning will be popular and students will listen to teachers on computers. Going into classrooms on their computers, students will study at any time, which is very easy for them. However, it is necessary for students to go to the actual school in order to develop some social skills.(据《时代报》报道，远程学习将会流行，学生将会在电脑上听老师讲课。通过电脑进入教室，学生可以随时学习，这对他们来说很容易。然而，为了培养一些社交技能，学生去实际的学校是必要的)”可知，根据报道，未来学校的学生主要在网络上进行学习。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Seashore Primary School is an imaginary school in the future created by the Education Department of Australia. At this school, all the teachers and students have laptop computers. Teachers check messages and call students back with a special telephone system and students use telephones to search for information or speak to their teachers who give their lessons. Besides, all the lessons are related to all sorts of subjects and all the students have their own learning plans created by teachers.(海滨小学是由澳大利亚教育部创建的一所想象中的未来学校。在这所学校，所有的老师和学生都有笔记本电脑。教师通过一个特殊的电话系统查看信息并给学生打电话，学生使用电话来搜索信息或与授课的老师交谈。此外，所有的课程都涉及到各种科目，所有的学生都有自己的学习计划，由老师创建)”可知，海滨小学是一所想象中的未来学校，它告诉我们未来的学校会如何运作。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词前文“As one headmaster says, a laptop computer is a student’s library, data storage(数据存储) device as well as the bridge to a wider world.(正如一位校长所说，笔记本电脑是学生的图书馆，是数据存储设备，也是通往更广阔世界的桥梁)”及后文“Thus, we’ll pay more attention to the learning of kids rather than the teaching.(因此，我们将更多地关注孩子的学习而不是教学)”可推知，电脑科技的运用改变了未来学习的重心，应更多关注孩子们的学习而不是教学。划线词与focus意思相近，表示“重心”。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“What the future school will look like is difficult to make clear, but most experts agree that the school will be electronic in the future.(未来的学校将会是什么样子很难弄清楚，但大多数专家同意学校在未来将是电子的)”可知，本文介绍了未来的学校的模型，C选项“未来的学校”符合本文主旨。故选C。 Passage 5 （23-24高一下·湖南郴州·期末）In late 2021, a scientist named Bohmann from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and her team found a new way to study animals. They discovered many types of animals in the Copenhagen Zoo and around it, even when the animals were not inside the zoo. They used a special method to find the animals: they absorbed air through a filter (过滤器) to get DNA from it. The air we breathe is mostly made up of nitrogen (氮气) and oxygen, but it also has a tiny bit of DNA．Animals drop bits of their DNA into the environment all the time, from their skin, waste, fur, feathers and more. This DNA can help us understand what animals live in a certain area. Scientists have found DNA in rain, soil, and honey, and even in water. Air is everywhere, so it’s easy to take samples from it. It’s easier to collect DNA from the air than people thought. At a zoo in Cambridgeshire, a biologist named Elizabeth Clare from York University in Toronto did some tests. She used a special vacuum (真空吸尘器) to get DNA from the air near the zoo’s fences. She found DNA from many different animals, even from far away. One type of lemur (狐猴) was found everywhere, but another type was never found, even when she tried right next to it. Clare thought the tests were very successful. At first, Clare and Bohmann thought their experiments might not work at all. But they were surprised to find lots of different animals, 49 in Denmark and 25 in England, both inside and outside the zoo. They even found DNA from fish that were used as food for other animals. Bohmann said it was amazing. This new way of using a DNA vacuum could help us find out where endangered animals live and protect them better. It could change how we watch over different types of animals and help us make better decisions about the environment. 1. What does the presence of DNA in the air suggest? A．Animals are dropping DNA． B．The air is polluted. C．There is a high concentration of oxygen. D．Nitrogen is the main component of DNA． 2. How did Clare collect DNA at the zoo in Cambridgeshire? A．By testing the animals. B．By analyzing soil samples. C．By collecting samples from water. D．Using a special vacuum attached to fences. 3. What potential effect does this new way of DNA vacuuming have? A．It could help protect animals better. B．It could improve air quality. C．It could increase the number of zoos. D．It could help change animals’ DNA． 4. What can be the best title for the text? A．Doing Research on Animal DNA B．Vacuuming Animal DNA Out of the Air C．Extracting DNA from Animal Bodies Directly D．Mapping the Habitats of Endangered Animals 【答案】14.A 1. D 2. A 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家们通过一种新的方法——利用真空吸尘器从空气中吸取DNA，来研究动物的种类和分布。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Animals drop bits of their DNA into the environment all the time, from their skin, waste, fur, feathers and more. This DNA can help us understand what animals live in a certain area.”（动物们总是会将他们的DNA遗落在环境中，来源于他们的皮肤、废物、毛发、羽毛等。这些DNA可以帮助我们了解某个区域有哪些动物。）可知，空气中存在的DNA表明动物正在遗落DNA。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“She used a special vacuum (真空吸尘器) to get DNA from the air near the zoo’s fences.”（她使用了一种特殊的真空吸尘器从动物园围栏附近的空气中获取DNA。）可知，Clare是通过使用附在围栏上的特殊真空吸尘器来收集DNA的。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This new way of using a DNA vacuum could help us find out where endangered animals live and protect them better. It could change how we watch over different types of animals and help us make bester decisions about the environment.”（这种新的使用DNA真空吸尘器的方法可以帮助我们找出濒危动物的生活地点并更好地保护它们。它可以改变我们监视不同类型动物的方式，并帮助我们对环境做出更好的决策。）可知，这种新的DNA真空吸尘器的使用方式可能有助于更好地保护动物。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“They used a special method to find the animals: they absorbed air through a filter (过滤器) to get DNA from it.”（他们使用了一种特殊的方法来寻找这些动物:他们通过过滤器吸收空气，从中提取DNA。）文章主要讲述了科学家们通过一种新的方法——利用真空吸尘器从空气中吸取DNA，来研究动物的种类和分布，因此，B选项“从空气中吸取动物DNA”最能概括全文主题。故选B。 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高一下·河南·阶段练习）If you have ever dreamed of making money from making music but are worried that you have little talent, don’t let that stop you — a man called Alex Mitchell might be able to help. Mr. Mitchell is the founder and boss of a website and app called Boomy, which helps its users create their own songs using artificial intelligence (AI) software. It is easy to use the app to help you compose the music. What you need to do is choose from a number of types, click on “create song”, and the AI will compose one for you in less than 30 seconds. It is able to quickly choose the song’s style and melody (旋律). And from there you can then finish your song with ease. You can do things such as adding or removing instruments, making everything sound brighter or softer, and recording some songs. But, how good are these Boomy-created songs? It has to be said that they do sound very computer-produced. You wouldn’t mistake them for a group of people making music using real instruments. However, using AI to help create music isn’t quite new. US classical composer, David Cope, developed such a software system back in the 1980s. One day he set it up to write pieces similar to those by Johann Sebastian Bach. Mr. Cope then went out for a sandwich, and returned to find that the computer had created 5,000 Bach-styled pieces. These were later made public on an album called Bach on purpose. More recently, in 2019, US electronic music composer, Holly Herndon, made an album called PROTO working together with an AI system called Spawn that she had co-created. Mr. Mitchell says that technological advancements in AI have made songwriting software much cheaper. It’s not just for musicians anymore, it’s for most people like you and me. 1. What’s the purpose of setting up Boomy? A．To develop music education. B．To record and sell music for money. C．To help users learn AI technology. D．To help users create their own songs. 2. What can we learn about creating music by using AI? A．It is difficult to master. B．It is highly effective. C．It is newly invented. D．It is only fit for Bach’s works. 3. What can be inferred about songwriting software from the last paragraph? A．It is becoming more expensive. B．It is becoming less popular. C．It is becoming more convenient. D．It is becoming less important. 4. Which part of a newspaper does the passage most probably come from? A．Culture. B．Environment. C．Lifestyle. D．Technology. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个名为Boomy的网站和应用程序，它使用人工智能软件帮助用户创作自己的歌曲。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Mr. Mitchell is the founder and boss of a website and app called Boomy, which helps its users create their own songs using artificial intelligence (AI) software.(Mitchell先生是一个名为Boomy的网站和应用程序的创始人和老板，该应用程序帮助用户使用人工智能（AI）软件创建自己的歌曲)”可知，建立Boomy网站和应用程序的目的是帮助用户创作自己的歌曲。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“One day he set it up to write pieces similar to those by Johann Sebastian Bach. Mr. Cope then went out for a sandwich, and returned to find that the computer had created 5,000 Bach-styled pieces.(有一天，他将其设置为写类似于约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫的作品。然后，Cope先生出去吃三明治，回来后发现电脑已经创作了5000首巴赫风格的乐曲)”可知，使用人工智能创作音乐的效率非常高。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mr. Mitchell says that technological advancements in AI have made songwriting software much cheaper. It’s not just for musicians anymore, it’s for most people like you and me.(Mitchell先生说，人工智能的技术进步使歌曲创作软件便宜得多。这不再只是音乐家的事，而是像你我这样的大多数人的事)”可知，Mitchell先生表示人工智能的技术进步使歌曲创作软件便宜得多。由此可推知，目前的音乐创作软件变得更加容易获取了。故选C。 4. 推断判断题。根据第二段“Mr. Mitchell is the founder and boss of a website and app called Boomy, which helps its users create their own songs using artificial intelligence (AI) software.(Mitchell先生是一个名为Boomy的网站和应用程序的创始人和老板，该应用程序帮助用户使用人工智能（AI）软件创建自己的歌曲)”以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了如何使用AI软件创作音乐，包括使用 Boomy网站和应用程序的步骤和特点，以及AI技术在音乐创作中的应用和优势。因此，应出现在报纸的科技版面。故选D。 Passage 7 （23-24高一下·广东江门·期末）Free “AI chicken soup” has been on the menu this week at Shenzhen University in Guangdong province to celebrate a breakthrough by students in applying artificial intelligence to change Silkie chicken(乌鸡) farming, which has so far increased production by 30 percent. To share the joy of its success at the chicken farm in Chishui, Guizhou province, the Tencent Cloud Artificial Intelligence Class(TCAIC) — a program set up by the university and tech giant Tencent — offered the free soup to all teachers and students at the university’s cafeteria. As Spring Festival is on the way, the students in class said they decided to have the cafeteria turn these black-boned birds into “AI chicken soup” before the holiday to give teachers and students a taste of technology. In the last eight months, about a dozen students from the class have devoted themselves to developing an intelligent farming system for the Silkie chickens in Chishui. Students learned from their previous experience in developing an AI goose type in Shantou, Guangdong, in 2022. Previously, they successfully improved the overall survival rate of the Lion-Head goose (African goose) by 30 percent because they made use of technologies such as “goose body recognition”. Based on this success, the students risked the Silkie chicken farm in Chishui. Using deep learning and computer vision technologies, they successfully identified 250,000 Silkie chickens to create a completed database. The result was the world’s first intelligent Silkie chicken farming system, which increased the farm’s output by 30 percent. “This farming system combines the old tradition of free-range (自由放养的) farming and modern technology. It contributed to the production of high-quality Silkie chickens through the use of cloud technology,” said Feng Yuhong, the Tencent class adviser. Zhang Xiaohong, the university’s vice-president, also announced that the project not only marks a significant advancement in the application of AI in agriculture, but also enables students to deepen their understanding of technology and develop their practical skills. 1. According to the passage, the free “AI chicken soup” ______ . A．was a symbol of the TCAIC program. B．was only offered to teachers by the TCAIC program. C．represented the success in the application of AI in farming. D．has been on the cafeteria menu because students want to taste it. 2. What improved the Silkie chicken farm’s output? A．Silkie chicken body recognition. B．The completed Silkie chicken database. C．Deep learning and computer vision technologies. D．The first intelligent Silkie chicken farming system. 3. What does Zhang Xiaohong think of this project? A．It combines old farming method with modern technology. B．It improves students’ understanding of technology and practical skills. C．It calls on university students to use the system with modern technology. D．It contributes to the production of high-quality Silkie chicken on the farm. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Cloud AI Class for Students. B．Intelligent Goose Farming System. C．Application of AI Advances in Agriculture. D．“AI Chicken Soup” Offers Taste of Technology. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了深圳大学的学生利用人工智能技术改变乌鸡养殖，使产量提高了30%的事情。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Free AI chicken soup has been on the menu this week at Shenzhen University in Guangdong province to celebrate a breakthrough by students in applying artificial intelligence to change Silkie chicken(乌鸡) farming, which has so far increased production by 30 percent.”(深圳大学的“AI鸡汤”免费供应，以庆祝学生在应用人工智能改变乌鸡养殖方面的突破，到目前为止，这已经使产量提高了30%。)可知，免费的“AI鸡汤”代表了人工智能在农业中的成功应用。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The result was the world's first intelligent Silkie chicken farming system, which increased the farm's out put by 30 percent.”（结果是世界上第一个智能乌鸡养殖系统，使农场的产量提高了30%。）可知，提高乌鸡农场产量的是第一个智能乌鸡养殖系统。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Zhang Xiaohong, the university’s vice-president, also announced that the project not only marks a significant advancement in the application of AI in agriculture, but also enables students to deepen their understanding of technology and develop their practical skills.”(大学副校长张晓红也宣布，这个项目不仅标志着人工智能在农业中的应用取得了重大进步，而且使学生深化了对技术的理解，发展了他们的实践技能。)可知，张晓红认为这个项目提高了学生对技术的理解和实践技能。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，根据文章第一段“Free AI chicken soup has been on the menu this week at Shenzhen University in Guangdong province to celebrate a breakthrough by students in applying artificial intelligence to change Silkie chicken(乌鸡) farming, which has so far increased production by 30 percent.”(深圳大学的“AI鸡汤”免费供应，以庆祝学生在应用人工智能改变乌鸡养殖方面的突破，到目前为止，这已经使产量提高了30%。)可知，文章主要讲述了深圳大学的学生利用人工智能技术改变乌鸡养殖，提高了30%的产量，并以此为契机，他们在学校食堂提供了免费的AI鸡汤，让师生们品尝到了科技的味道。因此，D选项“AI鸡汤提供了科技的味道”最能概括全文内容。故选D。 Passage 8 （23-24高一下·湖北·阶段练习）In the book Consciousness Explained, the cognitive (认知的) scientist Daniel Dennett describes a kind of fish, which wanders through the sea looking for a suitable rock to make its home for life. On finding one, the fish no longer needs its brain and eats it. Humanity is unlikely to adopt such an eating habit but there is a worrying trend that people are dumping themselves down by becoming overly dependent on “intelligent” machines, especially when ChatGPT comes out. Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has drawn 1 million people to register during the first week. Its allure is obvious: ChatGPT can produce jokes, write undergraduate essays and create computer code from a short writing prompt (提示). But this is a false impression. Computers have become more capable but they lack genuine thinking, developed in humans through constant social practices. ChatGPT does not know what it is doing; it is unable to say how or why it produced a response; and cannot tell if it is making sense. So why all the fuss? Google’s new Al-powered search tool, Bard was released in March 2023, making its ambition obvious in its promotional video. The profit-driven competition to fill our daily lives with artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly fierce. Humans have a long track of turning a blind eye to the risks of new breakthroughs. Web companies want to draw their users to think extremely highly of their Al tools, encouraging humanity to think them far beyond human’s cognitive competence. As we know, the rise of civilization through art and agriculture contributes mostly to the remarkable human mental powers. No one knows what will happen to such technologies if the software engineers of the future make themselves become software programs. Maybe the danger is not machines being treated like humans, but humans being treated like machines. 1. Why does the author mention “the fish” in the first paragraph? A．To stress the importance of intelligent machines. B．To introduce a new kind of eating habit in animals. C．To compare with human’s unwillingness to think. D．To praise the excellence of human thinking ability. 2. What does the underlined word “allure” mean in the second paragraph? A．Target. B．Attraction. C．Weakness. D．Access. 3. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Computers are skilled at completing cognitive tasks. B．Making money is not so important in the AI competition. C．Machines and humans should be treated equally. D．Web companies want the users to overstate AI tools. 4. What does the text mainly talk about? A．ChatGPT has both benefits and risks. B．Human depends overly on intelligent tools. C．More intelligent technology is always better. D．Human’s cognitive competence is irreplaceable. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人们正因过度依赖“智能”机器而使自己陷入困境，尤其是在ChatGPT问世之后。文章介绍了ChatGPT的受欢迎情况以及长期以来人类一直对人工智能新突破带来的风险视而不见。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“In the book Consciousness Explained, the cognitive (认知的) scientist Daniel Dennett describes a kind of fish, which wanders through the sea looking for a suitable rock to make its home for life. On finding one, the fish no longer needs its brain and eats it. Humanity is unlikely to adopt such an eating habit but there is a worrying trend that people are dumping themselves down by becoming overly dependent on “intelligent” machines, especially when ChatGPT comes out.(在Consciousness Explained一书中，认知科学家Daniel Dennett描述了一种鱼，它在海洋中徘徊，寻找合适的岩石作为生命的家园。一找到，鱼就不再需要它的大脑，把大脑吃掉。人类不太可能养成这样的饮食习惯，但有一种令人担忧的趋势：人们正因过度依赖“智能”机器而使自己陷入困境，尤其是在ChatGPT问世之后。)”可推知，作者在第一段提到“鱼”是为了与人类不愿意思考相比。故选C。 2. 词句猜测题。根据后文“ChatGPT can produce jokes, write undergraduate essays and create computer code from a short writing prompt (提示).(ChatGPT可以制作笑话、撰写本科生论文，还可以根据简短的写作提示创建计算机代码。)”可知，后文主要列举了ChatGPT的吸引力所在，故划线词意思是“吸引力”，和attraction意思相近。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Web companies want to draw their users to think extremely highly of their Al tools, encouraging humanity to think them far beyond human’s cognitive competence.(网络公司希望吸引他们的用户对他们的人工智能工具给予极高的评价，鼓励人类认为它们远远超出了人类的认知能力。)”可推知，网络公司在误导用户夸大AI工具的认知能力。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humanity is unlikely to adopt such an eating habit but there is a worrying trend that people are dumping themselves down by becoming overly dependent on “intelligent” machines, especially when ChatGPT comes out.(人类不太可能养成这样的饮食习惯，但有一种令人担忧的趋势：人们正因过度依赖“智能”机器而使自己陷入困境，尤其是在ChatGPT问世之后。)”，结合文章介绍了ChatGPT的受欢迎情况以及长期以来，人类一直对人工智能新突破带来的风险视而不见，人类被当作机器对待可知，这篇文章主要讲了人类过度依赖智能工具。故选B。 Passage 9 （23-24高一下·江西新余·期末）A person suffering from paralysis (瘫痪) was able to independently drink water by using his brain to control a special glove serving as his hand. It sounds like magic, doesn’t it? This was a recent breakthrough in brain-machine interface (BMI) technology by a team of Chinese scientists and doctors. BMI refers to creating a connection between the human brain and external devices, making direct communication between the brain and computers. For paralyzed people, it helps control the body through thoughts in the brain cortex (大脑皮层) and do simple things by themselves. On Oct 24, 2023, the team completed the first clinical trial on the patient, using wireless minimally invasive (微创的) BMI implantation (植入). Two coin-sized BMI processors were implanted into the patient’s skull (颅骨), successfully receiving neural signals (神经信号) from the brain. After three months of home rehabilitation (康复) training, the patient can now use his brain signals to control a special glove powered by air pressure. This helps him do things like drinking water independently. The significance of the project is that the patient’s neural tissue was not damaged during the process, whereas previous attempts may have such risks. It also uses a wireless power supply, meaning that the implanted device does not require a battery. BMI is now mainly applied in the medical field to help improve the quality of life for those who have trouble moving or speaking due to brain-related issues. Additionally, BMI has simple applications for healthy individuals, such as monitoring attention span, fatigue (疲劳), and sleep, as well as serving as a simple interactive gaming device. In China, BMI technology is still in the early stages of research and development, with no products available yet on the market. Some people are worried that psychologically experiments may affect the autonomy (自主性) and even personality of the patients. Meanwhile, ethical concerns (伦理问题) related to BMI users also need to be addressed. These include patient privacy and whether the patient has a clear understanding of what is involved when agreeing to take part in the experiment. 1. What is the main focus of BMI technology? A．Advancing human communication. B．Developing wireless neural signal reception. C．Enhancing the connection between the brain and devices. D．Improving interaction between paralyzed individuals. 2. What do we know about the BMI implantation trial mentioned in the article? A．The patient could control a special glove to move. B．The BMI processors used are too small to be seen by the naked eye. C．The patient’s neural tissues were damaged during the implantation. D．Signals from the whole body were received by the BMI processors. 3. What is an important feature of the implanted BMI device? A．Minimally invasive wired implantation. B．Integration of air pressure technology. C．Application in simple interactive gaming. D．Use of wireless power instead of battery power. 4. What are the concerns mentioned about BMI technology? A．Ethical issues related to patient privacy. B．Psychological effects on healthy individuals. C．Potential physical impacts for patients. D．The high price of BMI products on the market. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了BMI技术应用于帮助瘫痪患者，文章也介绍了该技术的优势以及该技术仍在开发阶段。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“BMI refers to creating a connection between the human brain and external devices, making direct communication between the brain and computers.(脑机接口是指在人脑与外部设备之间建立连接，实现大脑与计算机之间的直接通信)”可知，BMI技术主要在人脑和外部设备之间建立联系，使大脑和计算机之间进行通信。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After three months of home rehabilitation (康复) training, the patient can now use his brain signals to control a special glove powered by air pressure. This helps him do things like drinking water independently.(经过三个月的居家康复训练，这位患者现在能够使用他的大脑信号来控制一个由气压驱动的特殊手套。这帮助他能够独立地做一些事情，比如喝水)”可知， BMI技术可以帮助病人用他的大脑信号来控制一个由气压驱动的特殊手套。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The significance of the project is that the patient’s neural tissue was not damaged during the process, whereas previous attempts may have such risks. It also uses a wireless power supply, meaning that the implanted device does not require a battery.(该项目的意义在于，在整个过程中患者的神经组织没有受到损伤，而之前的尝试可能会存在这种风险。此外，它还使用了无线供电方式，这意味着植入的设备不需要电池)”可知，BMI设备使用的是无线供电。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Meanwhile, ethical concerns (伦理问题) related to BMI users also need to be addressed. These include patient privacy and whether the patient has a clear understanding of what is involved when agreeing to take part in the experiment.(同时，与BMI用户相关的伦理问题也需要被解决。这些问题包括病人隐私以及病人在同意参与实验时是否清楚了解所涉及的内容)”可知，关于BMI技术的担忧是与患者隐私相关的伦理问题。故选A。 Passage 10 （23-24高一下·江苏南通·期末）Neuralink has conducted its first surgical test of a brain chip implant (芯片植入), announcing a new step of Elon Musk’s ambitious plan to let humans wirelessly (无线) connect their brains with phones and other devices. Months before, for its clinical trial, Neuralink called for volunteers aged 22 and above with quadriplegia (四肢瘫痪) due to a brain injury or ALS, a disease that prevents people from controlling their bodies. This clinical trial is called PRIME — for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain-Computer Interface. As the name implies, the process involves using a robot to surgically put the wires of the company’s implant into a part of the brain related to movement. The implant procedure employs custom-made microscopic needles. The tip is only 10 to 12 microns in width — slightly larger than the diameter of a red blood cell, which allows threads to be put in with minimal damage to the brain. Neuralink has previously faced different opinions due to accusations (指控) in 2022 and 2023 against the effect the company’s practices produced on monkeys and other animals used in testing. “No monkey has died as a result of a Neuralink implant,” Musk said in response last September, “to reduce risk to healthy monkeys, we chose terminal monkeys.” Research in computers and neurology (神经学) has been going for decades, including the fast growing field of decoding (解码) the brain’s electrical activity around words,  impulses and images. Much of the ongoing research has sought to bring people affected by paralysis and blindness new ways of interacting with the world. But implants have also long been seen as having the potential to “enhance” people who aren’t affected by such serious conditions. “Imagine the joy of connecting with your loved ones, surfing the Internet or even playing games using only your thoughts,” Neuralink said. 1. Through brain chip implant test, Neuralink aims ____________. A．to reduce people’s control over the outside world B．to call for more people to volunteer in the research C．to cure people of diseases such as quadriplegia and ALS D．to enable people to use modern devices with their minds 2. What does the underlined word “terminal” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Full of energy. B．Close to death. C．Willing to be volunteers. D．Unlikely to be sick. 3. What can be concluded about the Neuralink implant? A．It has been going on for decades. B．It can also benefit healthy people. C．It can make your loved ones happier. D．It is conducted widely across the world. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Neuralink Put Implant into a Human Brain B．Neuralink Researched in Computer Technology C．Neuralink Helped to Connect Your Beloved Ones D．Neuralink Treated Rare Diseases Just with Needles 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了Elon Musk的公司Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是他让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Neuralink has conducted its first surgical test of a brain chip implant(芯片植入), announcing a new step of Elon Musk’s ambitious plan to let humans wirelessly(无线)connect their brains with phones and other devices.”（Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是Elon Musk让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤。）可知，Neuralink的目标是让人们能够用思维使用现代设备，故选D。 2. 词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“to reduce risk to healthy monkeys,”（为了减少对健康猴子的风险）可知，为了减少对健康猴子的风险，我们选择了临终的猴子。这里的“terminal”应该是指“临终的”，故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Imagine the joy of connecting with your loved ones, surfing the Internet or even playing games using only your thoughts,” Neuralink said.（“想象一下，只用你的思维就能与你的亲人联系，上网或者玩游戏，”Neuralink说。）可知，Neuralink的植入物也可以让健康的人受益，故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第三段“This clinical trial is called PRIME—for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain-Computer Interface. As the name implies, the process involves using a robot to surgically put the wires of the company’s implant into a part of the brain related to movement. ”（这项临床试验被称为PRIME——精确机器人植入脑机接口。顾名思义，这个过程包括使用机器人将该公司植入物的导线像手术一样植入大脑中与运动相关的部分。）可知，主要讲述了Elon Musk的公司Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是他让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤。所以短文的标题为“Neuralink植入芯片于人脑”。故选A项。 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高一下·四川·期末）A user could ask ChatGPT to write a computer program or summarize an article, and the AI chatbot would likely be able to produce useful code. However, someone could also ask for instructions to build a gun, and the chatbot might be able to provide those, too. To prevent this and other safety issues, companies that build large language models typically safeguard them using a process called red-teaming. Teams of human testers write prompts (提示词) aimed at triggering (引发) unsafe text from the model being tested. These prompts are used to teach the chatbot to avoid such responses. But this only works effectively if engineers know which toxic (有害的) prompts to use. If human testers miss some prompts, which is likely given the number of possibilities, a chatbot regarded as safe might still be capable of producing unsafe answers. Researchers from Improbable AI Lab at MIT and the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab used machine learning to improve red-teaming. They developed a technique to train a red-team large language model to automatically create diverse prompts that trigger a wider range of undesirable responses from the chatbot being tested. They do this by teaching the red-team model to be curious when it writes prompts, and to focus on new prompts that trigger toxic responses from the target model. The technique performed better than human testers and other machine-learning approaches by creating more distinct prompts that triggered increasingly toxic responses. Not only does their method significantly improve the coverage of inputs being tested compared to other automated methods, but it can also draw out toxic responses from a chatbot that had safeguards built into it by human experts. “Right now, every large language model has to go through a very long period of red-teaming to ensure its safety. That is not going to be sustainable if we want to update these models in rapidly changing environments. Our method provides a faster and more effective way to do this quality assurance,” says Zhang Weihong, a lead author of a paper on this red-teaming approach. 1. What is the purpose of red-teaming? A．To safeguard some large companies. B．To help build typical language models. C．To teach AI chatbot to deal with hard work. D．To prevent AI from causing safety problems. 2. What is the problem of the red-team of human testers? A．It is not as curious as machines. B．Its language model is much smaller. C．It often fails to recognize safe prompts. D．It is likely to miss some toxic prompts. 3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The working principles of the new technique. B．Different types of machine-learning approaches. C．The advantages of the new method of red-teaming. D．The difference between human testers and machines. 4. What does Zhang Weihong think of the method? A．It takes more time. B．It is updated rapidly. C．It proves successful. D．It is environmentally friendly. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了红队测试的目的、存在的问题以及研究人员如何通过机器学习改进红队测试的方法 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To prevent this and other safety issues, companies that build large language models typically safeguard them using a process called red-teaming.”（为了防止这种和其他安全问题，构建大型语言模型的公司通常使用一种叫做红队测试的过程来保护它们。）可推知，红队测试的目的是防止AI造成安全问题。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But this only works effectively if engineers know which toxic (有害的) prompts to use. If human testers miss some prompts, which is likely given the number of possibilities, a chatbot regarded as safe might still be capable of producing unsafe answers.”（但只有在工程师知道该使用哪种有毒提示符的情况下，这种方法才有效。如果人类测试者错过了一些提示(考虑到可能性的数量，这是很可能的)，一个被认为安全的聊天机器人可能仍然有能力给出不安全的答案。）可推知，人类测试者的红队可能会遗漏一些有害的提示符。故选D。 3. 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“Not only does their method significantly improve the coverage of inputs being tested compared to other automated methods, but it can also draw out toxic responses from a chatbot that had safeguards built into it by human experts.”（与其他自动化方法相比，他们的方法不仅显著提高了被测试输入的覆盖率，而且还可以从一个由人类专家内置的安全措施的聊天机器人中得出有害的反应。）可知，第五段主要讲述了新方法的优点。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Our method provides a faster and more effective way to do this quality assurance,’ says Zhang Weihong, a lead author of a paper on this red-teaming approach.”（“我们的方法提供了一种更快、更有效的方式来进行这种质量保证，”这篇关于红队测试方法的论文的主要作者张伟宏说。）可推知，张伟宏认为这种方法是成功的。故选C。 Passage 12 （23-24高一下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Having hundreds of friends online is no substitute (代替品) for a handful of close friends in real life. Researchers discovered that people with only a few friends were at least as happy as those with far more if many of theirs were online. The number of “peripheral others”, someone connected with online — former classmates and coworkers, for example — had no connection with how satisfied they felt. Scientists did their study using data from two online surveys conducted on 1, 496 people by a non- profit research organization. People taking part in the study shared their ages, the make- up of their social networks, how often they had different types of social interactions, and their own feelings of well- being. They included details of how often and how they interacted with family or neighbours, and whether they included people who provided services for them in their networks. The number of close friends someone had was the only thing that influenced how satisfied they were with their social life. “Lonelines s has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends, ” said Dr Bruine, an expert of the study. “If you feel lonely, it may be more helpful to make a positive connection with a friend than to try and seek out new people to meet. ” In the study, they found older people tended to have smaller social networks. Younger people's were larger but this was mostly made up of “peripheral others” — not true friends, just people they knew — and did not contribute to their happiness. Even variations in the number of family members or neighbours somebody spent time with did not affect how happy they were with their social life. Dr Bruine said her research echoed other findings showing people would be happier if a larger proportion of their online friends were actually their friends in reality. She added, “Stereotypes of aging tend to paint older adults in many cultures as sad and lonely. But the research shows that older adults’ smaller networks didn't weaken social satisfaction and well- being. In fact, older adults tend to report better well- being than younger adults.” 1. What has a good influence on one's happiness according to the study? A．Helping familiar coworkers. B．Meeting with close friends face to face. C．Maving impersonal networks of friends. D．Keeping in touch with family members online. 2. What did the 1, 496 people taking part in the study have to do? A．Keep off using the Internet. B．Show their attitudes to happiness. C．Reveal their social life thoroughly. D．Find “peripheral others” from their friends. 3. Who is more likely to be attacked by loneliness from the study? A．Parents living with their children. B．Young people without friends in reality. C．Older adults with fewer friends online. D．Those having fewer relatives or neighbours. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A．Social network size isn't linked to happiness. B．Larger social networks don't guarantee more happiness. C．Many online friends don't equal a few good real- life friends. D．Older adults tend to be more satisfied with their social lives. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了许多网络朋友并不等于现实生活中的几个好朋友。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Researchers discovered that people with only a few friends were at least as happy as those with far more if many of theirs were online. The number of “peripheral others”, someone connected with online — former classmates and coworkers, for example — had no connection with how satisfied they felt.”(研究人员发现，只有几个朋友的人和网上有很多朋友的人一样快乐。“边缘人”的数量和他们的满意度没有关系，比如网上的前同学和前同事)可推测，与亲密的朋友面对面的交流能增加一个人的幸福感。B. Meeting with close friends face to face. (与亲密的朋友面对面交流)符合以上推测，故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“People taking part in the study revealed their ages, the make-up of their social networks, how often they had different types of social interactions, and their own feelings of well-being. They included details of how often and how they interacted with family or neighbours, and whether they included people who provided services for them in their networks.”(参与人员要透露自己的年龄、社交网络构成、他们有多少不同类型的社交，以及他们自己的幸福感。其中包括他们与家人或邻居交往的频率和方式，以及他们石头将为他们提供服务的人包括在他们的社交网络中)可知，参与研究的1496个人要彻底透露他们的社交生活。C. Reveal their social life thoroughly. (完全彻底地透露他们的社交生活)符合以上说法，故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Loneliness has less to do with the number of friends you have, and more to do with how you feel about your friends,” (孤独与你身边朋友的数量没有关系，而和你对朋友的感觉关系更大)和第四段的Younger people’s were larger but this was mostly made up of“peripheral others”— not true friends, just people they knew — and did not contribute to their happiness. (年轻人的社交网络更大，但大都是“边缘人”组成，不是真正的朋友，只是他们认识的人，这不会提升他们的幸福感)可知，年轻人身边的朋友多，但不是真正的朋友，大多是边缘人。由此推测，现实生活中朋友很少的年轻人更容易觉得孤独。B. Young people without friends in reality. (现实生活中没有朋友的年亲人)符合以上推测，故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Having hundreds of friends online is no substitute (代替品) for a handful of close friends in real life.”（在网上拥有数百个朋友并不能代替现实生活中的少数亲密朋友）可知，短文介绍了许多网络朋友并不等于现实生活中的几个好朋友。故选C项。 Passage 13 （23-24高一下·陕西西安·期中）ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies. The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic. “We have a lot of information on the internet, but you normally have to Google it, then read it and then do something with it,” says Ricardo, chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit. “Now you’ll have this resource that can process the whole internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.” ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result; the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds. Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that. Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems. It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books. However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts. But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools. 1. What is the unique feature of ChatGPT? A．It has artificial intelligence. B．It can engage in meaningful conversations. C．It has the largest number of users. D．It can answer users' questions. 2. What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics? A．Its accurate information. B．Its capability of information processing. C．Its vast body of questions. D．Its availability of up-to-date data. 3. Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it? A．ChatGPT is unable to think itself. B．ChatGPT lacks creativity. C．ChatGPT offers illogical information. D．ChatGPT is not properly trained. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A．Supportive. B．Disapproving. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能ChatGPT，介绍了其特点、存在的问题以及人们对ChatGPT的看法。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Its ability to provide in- depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.(它为用户问题提供深入答案的能力甚至引起了著名科技公司的注意)”以及第二段中“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense.(智能机器人理解用户所说或输入的内容，然后以合理的方式做出回应)”可知，ChatGPT的独特之处是它可以参与有意义的对话。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans. This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.(智能机器人理解用户所说或输入的内容，然后以合理的方式做出回应。其庞大的知识体系是从互联网和存档书籍中收集来的。它被人类进一步训练。这使得ChatGPT成为研究几乎任何主题的有用工具)”可知，信息处理能力使ChatGPT有助于研究各种主题。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“However, when unsure, ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds.(然而，当不确定时，ChatGPT可以变得有创意并流出错误的响应。OpenAI提醒用户，无论这些信息听起来多么合乎逻辑，都要检查)”可知，ChatGPT可能会提供不合逻辑的信息，所以用户要谨慎，故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段“ChatGPT cannot think on its own.(ChatGPT不能独立思考)”；第五段“Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems.(专家认为ChatGPT在解决现实问题方面具有无限潜力)”以及最后一段“However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. (然而，教育工作者对ChatGPT的反应不一)”可推知，作者主要列举了其他人对ChatGPT的看法，没有提到自己对ChatGPT的态度，故对ChatGPT是客观态度。故选D。 Passage 14 （23-24高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Have you ever looked at a seal (海豹) and thought, “Is that the same seal I saw yesterday?” Well, there could soon be an app for that. Known as SealNet, this app was developed by a team of undergraduate students from Colgate University in New York. Taking inspiration from the technology adapted for recognizing bears, Krista Ingram, a biologist at Colgate University, led her students to develop software that is tailored to identify the harbor seal, a species with a special liking for posing on coasts. The team had to train their software to identify seal faces. “I give it a photograph. It finds the face, and makes it a standard size,” says Ingram. And then she and her students would identify the nose, the mouth, and the center of the eyes by themselves. As with all technology, however, SealNet is not always unerring. The software saw seal faces on other body parts, plants, and even rocks. In one case, Ingram and her students did a double take at the similarity between a rock and a seal face. “The rock did look like a seal face,” Ingram says. “The darker parts were about the same distance as the eyes, so you can understand why the software found a face.” Consequently, she says it’s always best to check that seal faces identified by the software belong to a real seal. Of the world’s pinnipeds — a group that includes seals and sea lions — harbor seals are considered the most widely spread. Yet knowledge gaps do exist. Other techniques to track seals, such as tagging and aerial monitoring, have their limitations and can be highly invasive (侵入的) or expensive. Ingram believes SealNet could be a useful, noninvasive tool for researchers. Ingram points to an aspect of seal behavior that SealNet could cast more light on. The team’s trials indicated that seals return to the same sites on coasts year after year. Increasing scientists’ understanding of how seals move around could strengthen arguments for protecting specific areas, says Anders Galatius, an ecologist at Aarhus University in Denmark. 1. What can we learn about SealNet? A．It is a seal face-finding system. B．It can help recognize bears as well. C．It was developed by some graduates. D．It can take photos of seals automatically. 2. What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Available. B．Complicated. C．Accurate. D．Essential. 3. What do seals tend to do on coasts? A．Stay on round rocks. B．Move around to keep fit. C．Stick with sea lions. D．Visit certain spots regularly. 4. What is the main purpose of the text? A．To call for the protection of seals. B．To introduce seal-friendly technology. C．To display new ways of tracking seals. D．To explain why seals always move around. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由科尔盖特大学的学生开发的名为SealNet的应用程序，该程序旨在通过识别海豹的面部特征来帮助研究人员追踪海豹的活动。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Have you ever looked at a seal (海豹) and thought, “Is that the same seal I saw yesterday?” Well, there could soon be an app for that. Known as SealNet, this app was developed by a team of undergraduate students from Colgate University in New York. (你有没有看过一只海豹，然后想：“这是我昨天看到的那只海豹吗？”很快就会有这样的应用。这款名为SealNet的应用程序是由纽约科尔盖特大学的一组本科生开发的。)”可知，SealNet是一个海豹的面部识别系统。故选A项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“The software saw seal faces on other body parts, plants, and even rocks. (该软件在其他身体部位、植物甚至岩石上看到了海豹的面孔。)”可知，该软件在识别海豹面孔时会出错。由此可知，它与所有技术一样，也并非总是正确无误，画线词意思应该是“正确无误的”，与Accurate意思一致。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The team’s trials indicated that seals return to the same sites on coasts year after year. (研究小组的试验表明，海豹年复一年地回到海岸上的同一地点。)”可知，海豹往往会定期造访海岸上的某些地点。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Have you ever looked at a seal (海豹) and thought, “Is that the same seal I saw yesterday?” Well, there could soon be an app for that. (你有没有看过一只海豹，然后想：“这是我昨天看到的那只海豹吗?”很快就会有这样的应用。)”可知，文章介绍了一款名为SealNet的应用程序展开，该程序旨在通过识别海豹的面部特征来帮助研究人员追踪海豹的活动，尽管目前会出现一些错误，但是这是一款非入侵性的工具。由此可知，文章的主要目的是介绍这一海豹友好型的技术。故选B项。 Passage 15 （23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中）When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside. It was specifically designed without any latest technology. “What’s so innovative about that?” a librarian in Toronto asked when I showed her pictures. Innovation to her meant digital technology, like 3D printers. “Why couldn’t they both be innovative?” I asked. We are constantly told that innovation is the most important force in our economy, without which we would be left behind. But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideas that may be simpler and more effective. This mindset implies that if you just buy the new thing, you have innovated! Each year, businesses and individuals run around like broken toy robots, trying to figure out their strategy for the latest buzzword equipment. At best, this is a waste of resources. Devices are bought, used and abandoned, as the technology’s capabilities fall short of its promise. But at its worst, this approach can truly cause damage. Schools cut field trips to purchase tablets with few proven benefits. Companies that applied AI into hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices. True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview(后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies. Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality. 1. Which of the following best describes Samcheong Park Library? A．Dull but convenient. B．Simple but refreshing. C．Old-fashioned but cozy. D．Unexceptional but spacious. 2. What can we learn about innovation from Paragraph 3? A．Its true meaning is to buy new things. B．It is important for the growth of economy. C．It shouldn’t involve simple and effective ideas. D．Its true meaning has been misread by the public. 3. Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Magic devices encourage innovation. B．Innovation should be human-centered. C．The power of technology is undervalued. D．Wasting resources are a must for innovation. 4. What is the writing purpose of the text? A．To introduce some best ideas about innovation. B．To show that future lies in returning to the past. C．To convince people of the true meaning of innovation. D．To stress the important role innovation plays in economy. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是什么是真正的创新。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When I stepped into the Samcheong Park Library in Seoul,I saw the future. The simple building had a niceselection of books and a cafe where readers could enjoy coffee while gazing at the leaves outside.(当我走进首尔Samcheong公园图书馆时，我看到了未来。这座简单的建筑里有很好的书籍选择和一个咖啡馆，读者可以一边喝咖啡，一边凝视着外面的树叶。)” 可知，首尔Samcheong公园图书馆是简单但却让人耳目一新的。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But that fear of missing out has led us to fall into the false trappings of innovation over truly innovative ideasthat may be simpler and more effective.(但这种对错过的恐惧导致我们陷入了创新的错误陷阱，而不是可能更简单、更有效的真正创新的想法。)”可知，我们可以从第3段中了解到关于创新的真正含义已经被公众误解了。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Look no farther than the streets of New York, which have been redesigned recently to accommodate cyclists with car-free zones. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ago, with the aim of bringing cities back to their residents. And while e-reader sales have been exploding, Penguin just announced it would publish tiny printed books, an ideal solution for a market demanding both convenience and physicality.(只要看看纽约的街道就知道了，它们最近被重新设计，以容纳骑自行车的人的无车区。这个想法并不新鲜。它创建于半个世纪前，目的是把城市带回他们的居民那里。当电子阅读器的销售呈爆炸式增长时，企鹅出版社刚刚宣布将出版小型印刷书籍，对于一个既方便又实体的市场来说，这是一个理想的解决方案。)”可知，作者同意的观点是创新要以人为本。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“True innovation isn’t just some magic devices. It is a continuing process of reflection and reassessment, which often means adopting “old” ideas and tools in a new context, or even returning to methods that worked in the past. Adjusted properly, these rearview (后视的) innovations have proved as transformative as novel technologies.(真正的创新不仅仅是一些神奇的设备。这是一个持续的反思和重新评估的过程，这通常意味着在新的背景下采用“旧的”的想法和工具，甚至回到过去有效的方法。经适当调整后，这些后视的创新已被证明与新技术一样具有变革性。)”可知，本文主要讲的是什么是真正的创新，因此文章的写作目的是让人们相信创新的真谛。故选C项。 高一下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$