专题-J851 Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？ 阅读理解【题型易-考试题型精练】八年级下册英语单元话题中心题型梯度训练 月考突破 题型特训（人教版Go for it!）

八年级下册 单元话题 梯度训练 专题-J851阅读理解 初中英语八年级下册 题型特训 Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 1. The local time in Ottawa at this time was________ and the time difference between Ottawa and Beijing was ________. A．2:30 pm; 0 hours B．7:30 am: 7 hours C．2:30 am; 5 hours D．2:30 am;12 hours 2. On July lst, 2023, the highest temperature in London was ________ . A．12℃ B．17℃ C．22℃ D．28℃ 3. In the next two days, the weather in Washington, D．C． would be ________。 A．partly sunny and windy B．partly sunny and sunny C．mostly sunny and rainy D．mostly sunny and cloudy 4. The record high temperature in ________ and ________ appeared in 2018 A．London; Ottawa B．London; Beijing C．Beijing; Washington, D．C． D．Ottawa;Washington,D．C． 5. If we sort (排序) the cities in order (顺序) of their average high temperature on July lst in history, which of the following is correct? A．Washington,D．C．>London>Ottawa>Beijing B．Washington,. D．C．>Beijing>London>Ottawa C．Beijing>Ottawa>Washington,D．C．>London D．Beijing>Washington,D．C．>Ottawa>London Passage 2 This morning was very comfortable. The sun was shining, so I took a walk in the park. The wind blew softly and the air was so fresh. I stayed for a while in the park to enjoy such a wonderful morning. But in the afternoon, it started to rain so hard. The wind also blew hard and it made the window sound scary. But the lightning (闪电) and the thunder (雷声) were ever scarier. I looked outside of the window and saw the trees and the flowers all shaking. It rained for two hours and I could only stay at home. After the afternoon thundershower (雷阵雨), the air became cooler and moister (潮湿的). My mum said I couldn’t go outside because it was wet. I really don’t like rainy days because it makes everything wet and I can’t play outside. I like sunny days better, so I hope it won’t rain tomorrow. I hope it will be a warm, comfortable and sunny day. 1. What was the weather like this morning? A．It was windy. B．It was sunny. C．It was rainy. D．It was snowy. 2. Where did the writer walk this morning? A．In a school. B．On a farm. C．In a park. D．At home. 3. When did it start to rain? A．In the morning. B．In the afternoon. C．In the evening. D．At night. 4. Why did the writer’s mother ask him to stay at home after the afternoon thundershower? A．Because it was too hot. B．Because he had to do his homework. C．Because it was wet. D．Because his mother needed his help. 5. Which of the following is TRUE? A．It was a sunny day all day. B．The wind blew hard in the morning. C．It rained for two hours and the writer could only stay at home. D．The writer likes rainy days because the air is fresh. Passage 3 Here is a day’s weather forecast for some cities of the world. After you read it, please answer the following questions. City Temperature Weather New York 4℃～11℃ London 10℃～14℃ Beijing -7℃～2℃ Shanghai 3℃～11℃ Hong Kong 15℃～20℃ 1. The table shows the weather for ________. A．72 hours B．48 hours C．24 hours D．12 hours. 2. It is the hottest in ________ according to the table. A．Shanghai B．Hong Kong C．New York D．London 3. In ________, you should take an umbrella when you go out. A．Shanghai B．Hong Kong C．New York D．London 4. In Beijing, the weather will be ________. A．rainy B．windy. C．cloudy D．snowy 5. The table tells us the weather of ________ cities. A．seven B．six C．five D．four Passage 4 Kong Rong was a famous writer during the Han Dynasty (汉朝). He was considerate (体贴的) when he was only four. Kong had five elder brothers and a younger brother. One day, their father bought lots of pears. Some of the pears were big and looked good. Some were small and didn’t look so good. The boys were happy and began to choose (选择) some. Kong chose the smallest one. Kong’s father found this strange and asked, “Why not choose a bigger one, my son?” Kong answered, “I am younger. My elder brothers are older and eat more. They should take the bigger ones.” “But you have a younger brother. He should take the smallest one!” “He is younger and needs more nutrition (营养). He should get a bigger one, too.” Kong’s father was very happy that Kong could be so considerate. He didn’t think of what he himself wanted. He thought of what others wanted first. 1. What was Kong Rong? A．A writer. B．A painter. C．A player. D．A teacher. 2. How many kids were there in Kong Rong’s family? A．2 B．5 C．7 D．8 3. Why did Kong Rong choose the smallest pear? A．Because he couldn’t eat a big one. B．Because he wanted his brothers to eat the big ones. C．Because he liked the small ones. D．Because the big apples were bad. 4. How did Kong Rong’s father feel about this thing? A．happy B．sad C．selfish (自私的) D．confident 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the story? A．Kong Rong lived in the Tang Dynasty. B．Kong Rong was the youngest boy in his family. C．Kong Rong’s brothers were selfish. D．Kong Rong was kind. Passage 5 Do you feel comfortable when cold winter comes? Many say they feel uncomfortable in very cold weather. But you should feel lucky yourself because you don’t live in Siberia (西伯利亚). In many places in Siberia, the winter is always very long and it’s very, very cold! It starts to snow in November and the snow won’t leave until May. The temperature is usually about -25℃, but it’s sometimes much colder than that. When it’s -35℃, children can’t go to school, but grown-ups still go to work! And in some areas, the temperature can drop to -70℃. In spring and summer it is often cloudy and it often rains a lot, and people don’t often see the sun. You may think there is nothing but ice and snow in Siberia. In fact, many people live there and there are lots of forests. Many tall trees grow there. People living there wear a lot of warm clothes. All the houses have heating, so it’s never cold inside. In winter, people close the window from getting in, and they don’t open them again before spring come. 1. What’s the feeling if you don’t need to live in Siberia according to the writer? A．Be happy. B．Be excited. C．Be lucky. D．Be unlucky. 2. When does it start to snow in Siberia? A．May. B．March. C．December. D．November. 3. When the temperature is _________, children can’t go to school. A．-25℃ B．-35℃ C．-45℃ D．-70℃ 4. What’s the weather like in Spring and Summer in Siberia? A．It’s cloudy and rainy. B．It’s sunny and rainy. C．It’s cloudy and sunny. D．It’s rainy and windy. 5. What can we know from this passage? A．There is no forest in Siberia. B．It’s very cold inside in Siberia. C．You can often see the sun in Siberia. D．People will open the window in Spring. 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 China is a large country. On the same day, different cities may have different kinds of weather. What will the weather be like this Saturday? Here is the weather in some cities this Saturday. Cities Temperature Weather Beijing -6℃~ 2℃ Harbin -22℃~ -12℃ Lhasa -12℃~0℃ Shanghai 0℃~10℃ Haikou 14℃~18℃ 1. It will be ________ in Beijing this Saturday. A．cloudy B．rainy C．sunny 2. The lowest temperature will be in ________. A．Beijing B．Harbin C．Haikou 3. How many cities will be snowy this Saturday? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 4. Li Hua lives in Shanghai. He will need to take ________ when he goes out. A．an umbrella B．a pair of sunglasses C．a T-shirt 5. What can we learn from the table? A．People can make snowmen in Beijing. B．It’s a good idea to wash cars in Shanghai. C．It’s best to take a raincoat when you go out in Haikou. Passage 7 The seasons in Australia are not like ours. When it is winter in China, it is summer there. Australia is a southern country. It is in the south of the world. June, July and August are the winter months; September, October and November are spring; the summer is in January, February and December; and March, April and May are the autumn months. The north of the country is hotter than the south. A very large part of this country has no rain at all. The east coast (海岸地区) has rain all year, and there are no dry months there. The southeast winds blow (吹) here all the year. They bring rain from the sea. There is not much rain on the west side. The southeastern part of Australia has summer rain from the southeast winds. They only blow here in summer. The southwestern part of Australia has winter rain. The west windy blow over the southwest in winter only. In summer, the southwest of the country has no rain. In the north of Australia, there is no rain in winter. The rain comes in summer. The northwest winds bring it. 1. In October, it is ________ in Australia. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 2. It is ________ in the south than in the north in Australia. A．warmer B．hotter C．cooler D．colder 3. The ________ part of Australia has the most rain. A．eastern B．southern C．western D．northern 4. The west winds only come over the ________ of the country in winter. A．east B．west C．northwest D．southwest 5. There is ________ rain in winter in the north of Australia. A．enough B．a heavy C．more D．no Passage 8 Friends are very important in everyone’s life because friends are always there when we need them. It’s great to have many friends, and I can’t think about my life without my friends. My name’s Molly. I am tall enough but a little fat. I have short straight hair. My best friend is Lisa. When I first met her, I was five. She is one year older than me. Now she is in the same class with me, in Grade 8. She is tall and thin. She has long curly blond hair and blue eyes. I am not so beautiful. Sometimes I wish I could be as beautiful as she is. Lisa and I like doing a lot of things together and talking about different things. She always helps me with my math and I sometimes help her with her English and history. I had to do a report on science once, but I didn’t understand what the teacher said. The next day, I read it in front of the class. But the teacher told me that my report was wrong and all my classmates laughed at (嘲笑) me. I felt very bad about myself. Lisa was the only one who didn’t laugh at me. She tried to be nicer than anybody else and make me happy. I am a shy person and sometimes I feel that people don’t understand me. Lisa is friendly and everybody loves her. She is also smart and she can deal with (解决) everything. I am happy to have a friend like her. 1. What does Molly look like? A．She is tall and thin. B．She is tall enough but a little fat. C．She has short curly hair. D．She has long blond hair. 2. When Molly first met Lisa, Lisa was ________ years old. A．five B．six C．seven D．eight 3. Lisa always helps Molly with her ________. A．math B．English C．history D．science 4. Why did Molly feel bad after reading the report? A．Because Lisa did better than her. B．Because she didn’t read it aloud. C．Because her classmates laughed at her. D．Because her teacher laughed at her. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A．Lisa is taller than Molly. B．Molly is more beautiful than Lisa. C．Molly is an outgoing girl. D．Molly is happy to have a friend like Lisa. Passage 9 During the Western Jin Dynasty (265-316), there was a man named Zhou Chu. He was very strong—stronger than any other man in the village. People were scared of him because he often bullied (欺负) villagers. At the time, there was a man-eating tiger and a deep-water monster living nearby. They often caused trouble for the village. People called them, along with Zhou, the “three evils” (“三害”). One day, some villagers asked Zhou to help them kill the tiger and the monster. After three days of fighting, Zhou finally killed them and came back. But the villagers thought he was dead. They celebrated his death. After seeing this, Zhou realized how much he was hated and decided to make a change. He visited a wise man named Lu Yun. Lu told him, “If one realizes what is good in the morning, he can change his behavior in the evening. Just do what you think is right.” From then on, Zhou became a good person and stopped bullying other people. In fact, it’s not easy for us to know our own mistakes, even when they are clear to others. It was good that Zhou was able to look at himself and make changes. As The Analects of Confucius (《论语》) says, the flaws (瑕疵) of a Junzi are like eclipses of the sun or moon (日食或月食). They can be seen by all—but when they are corrected, everyone looks up in admiration. We all make mistakes. But it’s never too late to correct them. All you need is the courage to accept your mistakes and make an effort to fix them. On the other hand, we should also be tolerant (宽容的) of people when they make mistakes. 1. Which of the following wasn’t the “three evils”? A．Zhou Chu. B．A man-eating tiger. C．A deep-water monster. D．A wise man. 2. Zhou Chu probably felt _________ when he saw the celebration. A．crazy and angry B．excited and thankful C．ashamed and worried D．lucky and proud 3. What did Lu Yun tell Zhou Chu? A．He can only realize his mistakes in the evening. B．He isn’t able-to look at himself and make changes. C．It is good to realize his mistakes and do the right thing. D．It is not easy for him to do whatever he likes. 4. The underlined phrase “looks up in admiration” means __________ here. A．thinks highly of you B．hates your behavior C．accepts your mistakes D．knows your efforts 5. Which is true according to the passage? A．It’s never too late to make an effort to fix our mistakes. B．A Junzi can never have any flaws. C．We shouldn’t be tolerant when people make mistakes. D．Our mistakes are always not clear to others. Passage 10 The children of the clouds （云的孩子们） High above our heads we see the clouds, sometimes white as wool, sometimes dark and angry, and sometimes shining like gold. Rain is the eldest child of the clouds. At times he is mild（温和的）and gentle, falling softly and lightly on the dry ground, cooling the dusty streets, and giving water to the thirsty plants and flowers. At other times he comes, flying before the wind. Then he beats against the window panes（窗格）and makes a loud noise on the roofs. He often fills the rivers till they break over their banks, cover the fields and do much harm in their rage. Snow is rain’s sister. In many parts of the world, she spreads a soft blanket of white over the bare, brown earth. That way she keeps the seeds of plants and trees alive all through the winter. Boys and girls love to play with her. Hail（冰雹）is snow’s brother. He is a spoiled child and can cause a lot of damage（损害）. He can break windows, damage the grapes of vines and throw the fruit off fruit trees to show where he has been. Dew（露水）is the youngest baby of the family. He comes by night, and sprinkles diamonds on the flowers and grass. In winter he sometimes is very cold and comes as frost. Frost bites and pinches because it is so cold. In this way rain, snow, hail, and dew are the four children of the clouds. 1. From Paragraph l, we know that ______. A．clouds are lively B．clouds are in different colors C．clouds are like our heads D．black clouds are hard to see 2. Which of the following is TRUE about the rain according to the passage? A．Sometimes it falls heavily on the flowers. B．It can destroy the fields and banks. C．It never flies before a strong wind. D．It never lasts for a long time. 3. What does the underlined word “spoiled” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 4? A．自由的 B．懒散的 C．被宠坏的 D．骄傲的 4. Which of the following expressions can be put in the blank in Paragraph 2? A．Sometimes he is very wild and rude. B．Rain is always gentle and nice. C．He often washes away villages. D．Rain is very quiet and never makes noise. 5. What can we know from the passage? A．It’s hard for snow to keep all plants alive. B．Boys and girls like to play with dew. C．Dew comes after the rain. D．Dew is the youngest child of the family. 三、 高阶提升 八年级下册 单元话题 梯度训练 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Passage 11 Most studies show that many animals can feel the weather changes (变化). Here are some interesting things about animals. Animals Behaviors (表现) Weather changes Birds A lot of birds get together and stay under the roofs (屋檐) of houses. Heavy rain will come. Sharks Sharks swim to deeper water. A big storm (暴风雨) will arrive. Spiders There are more spiders than usual in autumn, and the spiders are making larger webs (网) than usual. A cold and dry winter will come. There are fewer spiders and they make smaller webs. A warm and wet winter will come. Ants A lot of ants are on the grass. It is going to rain. The world of animals is very amazing. Sometimes you can not explain (解释) why they can tell the weather before the weather report. If you want to know more about them, you can read more articles (文章) about science on School Science Magazine. 根据短文内容选择正确答案。 1. The writer talks about the following animals EXCEPT (除了) ________. A．birds B．elephants C．spiders 2. If a big storm is coming, sharks will ________. A．swim to deeper water B．jump out of water C．swim around the island 3. If spiders are getting more and they are making larger webs than usual in autumn, the weather in the following winter will be ________. A．dry and warm B．warm and wet C．dry and cold 4. Which of the following is TRUE? A．Few animals can feel the weather changes. B．If too many birds or ants get together, it will rain. C．In winter, there are no spiders making webs. 5. The passage is probably from ________. A．a school report B．a science magazine C．an animal magazine Passage 12 In the morning, we went camping along a path in Green Natural Park. We were happy because it was a sunny day. We were expecting an enjoyable two-day holiday. On the way, we kept singing and making jokes. However, in the afternoon, when we finished our picnic at one o’clock, it was dark and windy. Soon, there was a shower. Unluckily, none of us brought an umbrella. We ran about but we could find no shelter. Twenty minutes passed and it was still raining. There were hours to go before we reached the campsite (野营地). It was even worse that our small compass (指南针) showed that we went in the wrong direction. We had lost our way! We had to make a quick decision as it was raining heavily. Chris said we could set up a tent to shelter us from the rain, so Mary and Tom helped to set up the tent. Chris and I tried to make a fire to keep us warm. But we were unable to light the fire, as everything was wet. We finally succeeded though. We dried ourselves, chatted and waited inside the tent. At about five o’clock, it stopped raining. We decided to give up the camping trip because all of us had been very tired. This camping trip may not be very successful but we know each other better. And the most important thing I’ve learned from this trip is the importance of team spirit. 根据材料内容选择正确答案。 1. The writer went camping in Green Natural Park ________. A．for 4 hours B．for 2 days C．in the morning D．in the afternoon 2. It was even worse that they ________. A．had no picnic B．lost their way C．couldn’t light the fire D．couldn’t know each other 3. Chris suggested that they should ________ in the rain. A．set up a tent B．reach the campsite C．keep singing D．find a shelter 4. Which of the following is NOT true? A．It was sunny in the morning. B．None of them had an umbrella. C．They gave up the camping at last. D．They ran about to dry themselves. 5. The writer has learned the importance of ________ from the trip. A．making a decision B．working together C．enjoying holidays D．taking a compass Passage 13 There are all kinds of weather in the world. It affect our lives all the time. It’s very important for us to know about the weather. Now let me introduce hurricanes (飓风). Swish! Swoosh! The weather is very wild. It is a hurricane. It has very strong winds and lots of rain. Hurricanes form (形成) over the sea. Warm, wet air rises up from the sea. The air forms clouds. Lots of heat comes from these clouds. This can cause thunderstorms with heavy rain and strong winds. “If winds reach 120 kilometers per hour (about 74 miles per hour), it becomes a hurricane,” says experts. Hurricanes are wide storms. They can spread (蔓延) from one town to another 800km away. The strong winds in a hurricane blow round and round. The center of a hurricane is called the eye. The winds are not strong there. The heavy rain during a hurricane can cause floods. So can the strong wind. It makes big waves in the sea. The waves crash (猛撞) onto the land and cause floods. 1. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “affect”? A．丰富 B．提升 C．享受 D．影响 2. Which is NOT true about a hurricane? A．It has very strong winds. B．It has a lot of rain. C．It forms over the sea. D．It can cause thunderstorms. 3. Which of the following is the correct order for hurricanes to form? ①The air forms clouds. ②The clouds bring a lot of rain. ③Lots of heat causes thunderstorms. ④Warm, wet air rises up from the sea. A．①②③④ B．④③②① C．④①②③ D．②①④③ 4. The winds from the eye of the hurricane are ________. A．wild B．weak C．strong D．calm 5. The passage may come from ________. A．a science magazine B．a news magazine C．a notebook D．a storybook Passage 14 Different weather makes people feel different. It influences (影响) health, intelligence (智力) and feelings. In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart problems and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, sometimes it is very hot and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart problems after the weather changes in February or March. Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. There is a “good weather” for health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18℃. The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a report, IQ (智商) of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% lower. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse grades on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August). Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter maybe a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather but the fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18℃, people become stronger. 根据短文内容, 选择最佳答案, 并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑。 1. What may make people forgetful? A．High air pressure. B．Hot and warm weather. C．Very cold weather. D．Low air pressure. 2. In what weather can people have more intelligence? A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Rainy. D．Cloudy. 3. When will the thin people feel bad? A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In autumn. D．In winter. 4. What can be inferred (推断) from the passage? A．People in the southern part of the United States have heart problems during April. B．People leave less bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. C．Students in United States often get better grades in the cool months of the year. D．The fat people may have a hard time in cold winter. 5. What is the best title for this passage? A．Weather Causes Different Heart Problems B．Weather Influences People in Different Aspects (方面) C．Different People Have Different IQ D．People Have Different Feelings in Different Weather Passage 15 A new and exciting way of doing weather forecasts is here! China’s television station now uses high-tech simulations (虚拟) to create realistic scenes in the studio. In a recent video about Super Typhoon Yagi, people watched as strong winds blew the weather reporter’s umbrella away and a “tree” was uprooted. This new way of forecasting weather helps people understand how serious storms can be. China Media Group Mobile made this video to warn people about the dangers of Super Typhoon Yagi and to tell them how to stay safe. But people were surprised by how real the video looked. The weather reporter started by talking about the weather. Then, she moved to a street with heavy winds and rain, created by extended (拓展) reality (XR) technology. XR is a group of technologies that includes augmented (增强) reality (AR), virtual (虚拟) reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR). The video showed different things that could happen during a typhoon, like trees falling and umbrellas blown away. It made people feel like they were really there, experiencing the typhoon. With XR technology, the scenes looked real and helped people learn about the dangers of extreme (极端的) weather. Many people who watched the video said they loved the new way of doing weather forecasts because it helped them understand better. Super Typhoon Yagi was the strongest autumn typhoon to hit the Chinese mainland since 1949. It caused a lot of damage and problems for people. The new way of doing weather forecasts helps people see how serious extreme weather can be. 1. What happened to the weather reporter’s umbrella in the weather forecast video? A．It turned inside out. B．It broke in the wind. C．It flew out of her hand. D．It didn’t open. 2. What new technology is being used for weather forecasts in China? A．Virtual Reality (VR) B．Augmented Reality (AR). C．Mixed Reality (MR). D．Extended Reality (XR). 3. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．The weather reporters. B．The people who watched the video. C．The people in the video. D．The China Media Group Mobile. 4. What was the purpose of the Super Typhoon Yagi weather forecast video? A．To warn people about the dangers of the typhoon. B．To show off the power of XR technology. C．To make people happy with new technology. D．To show us the strongest autumn typhoon. 5. What’s the best title for the text? A．The development of XR technology B．The new way of doing weather forecasts C．The ability of the weather reporter D．The dangers of Super Typhoon Yagi 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 八年级下册 单元话题 梯度训练 专题-J851阅读理解 初中英语八年级下册 题型特训 Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 1. The local time in Ottawa at this time was________ and the time difference between Ottawa and Beijing was ________. A．2:30 pm; 0 hours B．7:30 am: 7 hours C．2:30 am; 5 hours D．2:30 am;12 hours 2. On July lst, 2023, the highest temperature in London was ________ . A．12℃ B．17℃ C．22℃ D．28℃ 3. In the next two days, the weather in Washington, D．C． would be ________。 A．partly sunny and windy B．partly sunny and sunny C．mostly sunny and rainy D．mostly sunny and cloudy 4. The record high temperature in ________ and ________ appeared in 2018 A．London; Ottawa B．London; Beijing C．Beijing; Washington, D．C． D．Ottawa;Washington,D．C． 5. If we sort (排序) the cities in order (顺序) of their average high temperature on July lst in history, which of the following is correct? A．Washington,D．C．>London>Ottawa>Beijing B．Washington,. D．C．>Beijing>London>Ottawa C．Beijing>Ottawa>Washington,D．C．>London D．Beijing>Washington,D．C．>Ottawa>London 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 【导语】本文主要描述了2023年夏季的炎热天气，并列举了北京、伦敦、华盛顿特区、渥太华在2023年7月1日2点30分（北京时间）的天气情况，包括当前天气、未来天气以及这些城市的最高温度和最低温度纪录。 1. 细节理解题。根据图片内容可知，渥太华的当地时间是凌晨2:30，北京时间是下午2:30，所以渥太华与北京之间的时差是12小时。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据图片内容可知，2023年7月1日伦敦的最高气温为22摄氏度，故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据图片内容可知，在接下来的两天，华盛顿D.C.的天气将是部分晴天和晴天。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据图片内容可知，伦敦和渥太华的最高温度纪录年份是2018年。故选A。 5. 推理判断题。根据图片内容可知，按照历史上7月1日的平均最高气温对城市进行排序，北京的气温最高，其次是华盛顿D.C.，然后是渥太华，最后是伦敦。故选D。 Passage 2 This morning was very comfortable. The sun was shining, so I took a walk in the park. The wind blew softly and the air was so fresh. I stayed for a while in the park to enjoy such a wonderful morning. But in the afternoon, it started to rain so hard. The wind also blew hard and it made the window sound scary. But the lightning (闪电) and the thunder (雷声) were ever scarier. I looked outside of the window and saw the trees and the flowers all shaking. It rained for two hours and I could only stay at home. After the afternoon thundershower (雷阵雨), the air became cooler and moister (潮湿的). My mum said I couldn’t go outside because it was wet. I really don’t like rainy days because it makes everything wet and I can’t play outside. I like sunny days better, so I hope it won’t rain tomorrow. I hope it will be a warm, comfortable and sunny day. 1. What was the weather like this morning? A．It was windy. B．It was sunny. C．It was rainy. D．It was snowy. 2. Where did the writer walk this morning? A．In a school. B．On a farm. C．In a park. D．At home. 3. When did it start to rain? A．In the morning. B．In the afternoon. C．In the evening. D．At night. 4. Why did the writer’s mother ask him to stay at home after the afternoon thundershower? A．Because it was too hot. B．Because he had to do his homework. C．Because it was wet. D．Because his mother needed his help. 5. Which of the following is TRUE? A．It was a sunny day all day. B．The wind blew hard in the morning. C．It rained for two hours and the writer could only stay at home. D．The writer likes rainy days because the air is fresh. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 【导语】本文描述了作者一天的天气情况以及他对不同天气的感受。 1. 细节理解题。根据“The sun was shining, so I took a walk in the park.”可知，早上阳光明媚。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“The sun was shining, so I took a walk in the park. ”可知，作者在公园散步。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“But in the afternoon, it started to rain so hard.”可知，下午开始下雨。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“My mum said I couldn’t go outside because it was wet.”可知，作者的妈妈让他待在家里，是因为外面很湿。故选C。 5. 细节理解题。根据“It rained for two hours and I could only stay at home.”可知，下了两个小时的雨，作者只能待在家里。故选C。 Passage 3 Here is a day’s weather forecast for some cities of the world. After you read it, please answer the following questions. City Temperature Weather New York 4℃～11℃ London 10℃～14℃ Beijing -7℃～2℃ Shanghai 3℃～11℃ Hong Kong 15℃～20℃ 1. The table shows the weather for ________. A．72 hours B．48 hours C．24 hours D．12 hours. 2. It is the hottest in ________ according to the table. A．Shanghai B．Hong Kong C．New York D．London 3. In ________, you should take an umbrella when you go out. A．Shanghai B．Hong Kong C．New York D．London 4. In Beijing, the weather will be ________. A．rainy B．windy. C．cloudy D．snowy 5. The table tells us the weather of ________ cities. A．seven B．six C．five D．four 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C 【导语】文章是一篇应用文，表格中是世界一些城市的天气预报。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章开头“Here is a day’s weather forecast for some cities of the world.”，可知这是世界上一些城市一天的天气预报，“一天”即“24小时”。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据表格最后一行“Hong Kong 15℃～20℃”，可知香港的最高气温可达20摄氏度，是表格里最高的温度。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据表格第三行“Weather”这一列，可知“London”这个城市的天气有下雨的图标。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据表格第四行“Beijing -7℃～2℃”，以及下雪的图标，可知北京将会下雪。故选D。 5. 细节理解题。阅读表格，可知表格中有“New York、London、Beijing、Shanghai、Hong Kong”，一共五个城市。故选C。 Passage 4 Kong Rong was a famous writer during the Han Dynasty (汉朝). He was considerate (体贴的) when he was only four. Kong had five elder brothers and a younger brother. One day, their father bought lots of pears. Some of the pears were big and looked good. Some were small and didn’t look so good. The boys were happy and began to choose (选择) some. Kong chose the smallest one. Kong’s father found this strange and asked, “Why not choose a bigger one, my son?” Kong answered, “I am younger. My elder brothers are older and eat more. They should take the bigger ones.” “But you have a younger brother. He should take the smallest one!” “He is younger and needs more nutrition (营养). He should get a bigger one, too.” Kong’s father was very happy that Kong could be so considerate. He didn’t think of what he himself wanted. He thought of what others wanted first. 1. What was Kong Rong? A．A writer. B．A painter. C．A player. D．A teacher. 2. How many kids were there in Kong Rong’s family? A．2 B．5 C．7 D．8 3. Why did Kong Rong choose the smallest pear? A．Because he couldn’t eat a big one. B．Because he wanted his brothers to eat the big ones. C．Because he liked the small ones. D．Because the big apples were bad. 4. How did Kong Rong’s father feel about this thing? A．happy B．sad C．selfish (自私的) D．confident 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the story? A．Kong Rong lived in the Tang Dynasty. B．Kong Rong was the youngest boy in his family. C．Kong Rong’s brothers were selfish. D．Kong Rong was kind. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 【导语】本文讲述了孔融让梨的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Kong Rong was a famous writer during the Han Dynasty (汉朝).”可知，孔融是一个作家。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Kong had five elder brothers and a younger brother.”可知，孔融有五个哥哥和一个弟弟，因此他家一共有七个孩子。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I am younger. My elder brothers are older and eat more. They should take the bigger ones”以及第四段中的“He is younger and needs more nutrition (营养). He should get a bigger one, too.”可知，孔融想让兄弟们吃大的梨，所以自己选了最小的梨。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Kong’s father was very happy that Kong could be so considerate.”可知，孔融的父亲对此感到非常高兴。故选A。 5. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He didn’t think of what he himself wanted. He thought of what others wanted first.”可知，孔融首先想到了别人想要什么，所以应该是一个善良的人。故选D。 Passage 5 Do you feel comfortable when cold winter comes? Many say they feel uncomfortable in very cold weather. But you should feel lucky yourself because you don’t live in Siberia (西伯利亚). In many places in Siberia, the winter is always very long and it’s very, very cold! It starts to snow in November and the snow won’t leave until May. The temperature is usually about -25℃, but it’s sometimes much colder than that. When it’s -35℃, children can’t go to school, but grown-ups still go to work! And in some areas, the temperature can drop to -70℃. In spring and summer it is often cloudy and it often rains a lot, and people don’t often see the sun. You may think there is nothing but ice and snow in Siberia. In fact, many people live there and there are lots of forests. Many tall trees grow there. People living there wear a lot of warm clothes. All the houses have heating, so it’s never cold inside. In winter, people close the window from getting in, and they don’t open them again before spring come. 1. What’s the feeling if you don’t need to live in Siberia according to the writer? A．Be happy. B．Be excited. C．Be lucky. D．Be unlucky. 2. When does it start to snow in Siberia? A．May. B．March. C．December. D．November. 3. When the temperature is _________, children can’t go to school. A．-25℃ B．-35℃ C．-45℃ D．-70℃ 4. What’s the weather like in Spring and Summer in Siberia? A．It’s cloudy and rainy. B．It’s sunny and rainy. C．It’s cloudy and sunny. D．It’s rainy and windy. 5. What can we know from this passage? A．There is no forest in Siberia. B．It’s very cold inside in Siberia. C．You can often see the sun in Siberia. D．People will open the window in Spring. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D 【导语】本文介绍了西伯利亚的气候，以及人们在那里的生活。 1. 细节理解题。根据“But you should feel lucky yourself because you don’t live in Siberia”可知，如果你不需要住在西伯利亚，那是幸运的。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“It starts to snow in November”可知，西伯利亚从11月开始下雪。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据“When it’s -35℃, children can’t go to school,”可知，零下35摄氏度时，孩子们不去上学。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“In spring and summer it is often cloudy and it often rains a lot,”可知，西伯利亚春天和夏天是多云多雨的。故选A。 5. 推理判断题。根据“In winter, people close the window from getting in, and they don’t open them again before spring come.”可推知，春天人们会打开窗户。故选D。 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 China is a large country. On the same day, different cities may have different kinds of weather. What will the weather be like this Saturday? Here is the weather in some cities this Saturday. Cities Temperature Weather Beijing -6℃~ 2℃ Harbin -22℃~ -12℃ Lhasa -12℃~0℃ Shanghai 0℃~10℃ Haikou 14℃~18℃ 1. It will be ________ in Beijing this Saturday. A．cloudy B．rainy C．sunny 2. The lowest temperature will be in ________. A．Beijing B．Harbin C．Haikou 3. How many cities will be snowy this Saturday? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 4. Li Hua lives in Shanghai. He will need to take ________ when he goes out. A．an umbrella B．a pair of sunglasses C．a T-shirt 5. What can we learn from the table? A．People can make snowmen in Beijing. B．It’s a good idea to wash cars in Shanghai. C．It’s best to take a raincoat when you go out in Haikou. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 【导语】本文介绍了中国这周六不同城市的天气。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Beijing；Weather”可知，是晴天，故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Temperature -22℃~ -12℃”可知，哈尔滨气温最低，故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Weather”可知，拉萨和哈尔滨这两个城市会下雪。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据“Shanghai Weather”可知，有雨，因此出门要带伞，故选A。 5. 细节理解题。根据“Haikou Weather”可知，有雨，因此要出门要带雨衣。故选C。 Passage 7 The seasons in Australia are not like ours. When it is winter in China, it is summer there. Australia is a southern country. It is in the south of the world. June, July and August are the winter months; September, October and November are spring; the summer is in January, February and December; and March, April and May are the autumn months. The north of the country is hotter than the south. A very large part of this country has no rain at all. The east coast (海岸地区) has rain all year, and there are no dry months there. The southeast winds blow (吹) here all the year. They bring rain from the sea. There is not much rain on the west side. The southeastern part of Australia has summer rain from the southeast winds. They only blow here in summer. The southwestern part of Australia has winter rain. The west windy blow over the southwest in winter only. In summer, the southwest of the country has no rain. In the north of Australia, there is no rain in winter. The rain comes in summer. The northwest winds bring it. 1. In October, it is ________ in Australia. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 2. It is ________ in the south than in the north in Australia. A．warmer B．hotter C．cooler D．colder 3. The ________ part of Australia has the most rain. A．eastern B．southern C．western D．northern 4. The west winds only come over the ________ of the country in winter. A．east B．west C．northwest D．southwest 5. There is ________ rain in winter in the north of Australia. A．enough B．a heavy C．more D．no 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚的季节与中国不同，以及澳大利亚不同地区的气候和降雨情况。 1. 细节理解题。根据“September, October and November are spring”可知，在澳大利亚，十月是春天，故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“The north of the country is hotter than the south.”可知，澳大利亚南部比北部凉爽，故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“The east coast (海岸地区) has rain all year, and there are no dry months there.”可知，澳大利亚东部地区雨水最多，故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据“The west windy blow over the southwest in winter only.”可知，冬季西风只吹过澳大利亚的西南部，故选D。 5. 细节理解题。根据“In the north of Australia, there is no rain in winter.”可知，澳大利亚北部冬季没有雨，故选D。 Passage 8 Friends are very important in everyone’s life because friends are always there when we need them. It’s great to have many friends, and I can’t think about my life without my friends. My name’s Molly. I am tall enough but a little fat. I have short straight hair. My best friend is Lisa. When I first met her, I was five. She is one year older than me. Now she is in the same class with me, in Grade 8. She is tall and thin. She has long curly blond hair and blue eyes. I am not so beautiful. Sometimes I wish I could be as beautiful as she is. Lisa and I like doing a lot of things together and talking about different things. She always helps me with my math and I sometimes help her with her English and history. I had to do a report on science once, but I didn’t understand what the teacher said. The next day, I read it in front of the class. But the teacher told me that my report was wrong and all my classmates laughed at (嘲笑) me. I felt very bad about myself. Lisa was the only one who didn’t laugh at me. She tried to be nicer than anybody else and make me happy. I am a shy person and sometimes I feel that people don’t understand me. Lisa is friendly and everybody loves her. She is also smart and she can deal with (解决) everything. I am happy to have a friend like her. 1. What does Molly look like? A．She is tall and thin. B．She is tall enough but a little fat. C．She has short curly hair. D．She has long blond hair. 2. When Molly first met Lisa, Lisa was ________ years old. A．five B．six C．seven D．eight 3. Lisa always helps Molly with her ________. A．math B．English C．history D．science 4. Why did Molly feel bad after reading the report? A．Because Lisa did better than her. B．Because she didn’t read it aloud. C．Because her classmates laughed at her. D．Because her teacher laughed at her. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A．Lisa is taller than Molly. B．Molly is more beautiful than Lisa. C．Molly is an outgoing girl. D．Molly is happy to have a friend like Lisa. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 【导语】本文介绍了Molly和她的朋友Lisa的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据“My name’s Molly. I am tall enough but a little fat.”可知Molly长得足够高，但是有点胖。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“When I first met her, I was five. She is one year older than me.”可知Molly第一次见到Lisa的时候，Molly五岁，Lisa比Molly大一岁。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“ She always helps me with my math and I sometimes help her with her English and history.”可知Lisa经常帮助Molly学习数学。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据“But the teacher told me that my report was wrong and all my classmates laughed at (嘲笑) me. I felt very bad about myself.”可知Molly读报告之后感觉不好，是因为同学们嘲笑她。故选C。 5. 细节理解题。根据“I am happy to have a friend like her.”可知Molly很高兴有Lisa这样的朋友。故选D。 Passage 9 During the Western Jin Dynasty (265-316), there was a man named Zhou Chu. He was very strong—stronger than any other man in the village. People were scared of him because he often bullied (欺负) villagers. At the time, there was a man-eating tiger and a deep-water monster living nearby. They often caused trouble for the village. People called them, along with Zhou, the “three evils” (“三害”). One day, some villagers asked Zhou to help them kill the tiger and the monster. After three days of fighting, Zhou finally killed them and came back. But the villagers thought he was dead. They celebrated his death. After seeing this, Zhou realized how much he was hated and decided to make a change. He visited a wise man named Lu Yun. Lu told him, “If one realizes what is good in the morning, he can change his behavior in the evening. Just do what you think is right.” From then on, Zhou became a good person and stopped bullying other people. In fact, it’s not easy for us to know our own mistakes, even when they are clear to others. It was good that Zhou was able to look at himself and make changes. As The Analects of Confucius (《论语》) says, the flaws (瑕疵) of a Junzi are like eclipses of the sun or moon (日食或月食). They can be seen by all—but when they are corrected, everyone looks up in admiration. We all make mistakes. But it’s never too late to correct them. All you need is the courage to accept your mistakes and make an effort to fix them. On the other hand, we should also be tolerant (宽容的) of people when they make mistakes. 1. Which of the following wasn’t the “three evils”? A．Zhou Chu. B．A man-eating tiger. C．A deep-water monster. D．A wise man. 2. Zhou Chu probably felt _________ when he saw the celebration. A．crazy and angry B．excited and thankful C．ashamed and worried D．lucky and proud 3. What did Lu Yun tell Zhou Chu? A．He can only realize his mistakes in the evening. B．He isn’t able-to look at himself and make changes. C．It is good to realize his mistakes and do the right thing. D．It is not easy for him to do whatever he likes. 4. The underlined phrase “looks up in admiration” means __________ here. A．thinks highly of you B．hates your behavior C．accepts your mistakes D．knows your efforts 5. Which is true according to the passage? A．It’s never too late to make an effort to fix our mistakes. B．A Junzi can never have any flaws. C．We shouldn’t be tolerant when people make mistakes. D．Our mistakes are always not clear to others. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了西晋时期一个名叫周处的人如何从被人畏惧的“三害”之一转变为一个好人的故事，强调了认识并改正错误的重要性，以及对他人错误的宽容。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“People called them, along with Zhou, the ‘three evils’ (‘三害’).”和“One day, some villagers asked Zhou to help them kill the tiger and the monster.”可知，“三害”指的是周处、吃人的老虎和深水怪物，不包括一个智者。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But the villagers thought he was dead. They celebrated his death. After seeing this, Zhou realized how much he was hated and decided to make a change.”可知，当周处看到村民们庆祝他“死亡”时，他意识到自己被多么地憎恨，并决定做出改变。这表明他当时可能感到羞愧和担忧。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Lu told him, ‘If one realizes what is good in the morning, he can change his behavior in the evening. Just do what you think is right.’”可知，陆云告诉周处，如果一个人早上能认识到什么是好的，那么他晚上就能改变自己的行为。只要做你认为是对的事情。这表明陆云认为认识到自己的错误并做正确的事情是好的。故选C。 4. 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“They can be seen by all—but when they are corrected, everyone looks up in admiration.”可知，君子的瑕疵可以被所有人看到，但当它们被改正时，每个人都会钦佩地仰望。这里的“looks up in admiration”指的是对改正错误后的君子的钦佩和尊重。因此，它意味着“高度评价你”。故选A。 5. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“We all make mistakes. But it’s never too late to correct them. All you need is the courage to accept your mistakes and make an effort to fix them.”可知，本文强调了认识并改正错误的重要性，并指出改正错误永远不晚。因此，选项A（努力改正我们的错误永远不晚）是正确的。故选A。 Passage 10 The children of the clouds （云的孩子们） High above our heads we see the clouds, sometimes white as wool, sometimes dark and angry, and sometimes shining like gold. Rain is the eldest child of the clouds. At times he is mild（温和的）and gentle, falling softly and lightly on the dry ground, cooling the dusty streets, and giving water to the thirsty plants and flowers. At other times he comes, flying before the wind. Then he beats against the window panes（窗格）and makes a loud noise on the roofs. He often fills the rivers till they break over their banks, cover the fields and do much harm in their rage. Snow is rain’s sister. In many parts of the world, she spreads a soft blanket of white over the bare, brown earth. That way she keeps the seeds of plants and trees alive all through the winter. Boys and girls love to play with her. Hail（冰雹）is snow’s brother. He is a spoiled child and can cause a lot of damage（损害）. He can break windows, damage the grapes of vines and throw the fruit off fruit trees to show where he has been. Dew（露水）is the youngest baby of the family. He comes by night, and sprinkles diamonds on the flowers and grass. In winter he sometimes is very cold and comes as frost. Frost bites and pinches because it is so cold. In this way rain, snow, hail, and dew are the four children of the clouds. 1. From Paragraph l, we know that ______. A．clouds are lively B．clouds are in different colors C．clouds are like our heads D．black clouds are hard to see 2. Which of the following is TRUE about the rain according to the passage? A．Sometimes it falls heavily on the flowers. B．It can destroy the fields and banks. C．It never flies before a strong wind. D．It never lasts for a long time. 3. What does the underlined word “spoiled” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 4? A．自由的 B．懒散的 C．被宠坏的 D．骄傲的 4. Which of the following expressions can be put in the blank in Paragraph 2? A．Sometimes he is very wild and rude. B．Rain is always gentle and nice. C．He often washes away villages. D．Rain is very quiet and never makes noise. 5. What can we know from the passage? A．It’s hard for snow to keep all plants alive. B．Boys and girls like to play with dew. C．Dew comes after the rain. D．Dew is the youngest child of the family. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了云的孩子们：雨、雪、冰雹和露水。 1. 细节理解题。根据“High above our heads we see the clouds, sometimes white as wool, sometimes dark and angry, and sometimes shining like gold.”可知，云有不同的颜色。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“He often fills the rivers till they break over their banks, cover the fields and do much harm in their rage.”可知，雨水会冲破河堤，淹没田野，因此他会毁坏田地和河岸。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“He is a spoiled child and can cause a lot of damage（损害）.”可知，冰雹会制造许多损害，因此他就像一个被宠坏的小孩一样。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据“At times he is mild（温和的）and gentle,”和“...makes a loud noise on the roofs.”和“He often fills the rivers till they break over their banks, cover the fields and do much harm in their rage.”可知，雨水有时候是温和的，有时候也会制造噪音，有时候会冲破河堤淹没田野；它的破坏力是逐步递升的，因此他冲破河堤淹没田野，体现出了他的粗鲁狂野。故选A。 5. 细节理解题。根据“Dew（露水）is the youngest baby of the family.”可知，露水是这个家族里面最小的孩子。故选D。 三、 高阶提升 八年级下册 单元话题 梯度训练 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Passage 11 Most studies show that many animals can feel the weather changes (变化). Here are some interesting things about animals. Animals Behaviors (表现) Weather changes Birds A lot of birds get together and stay under the roofs (屋檐) of houses. Heavy rain will come. Sharks Sharks swim to deeper water. A big storm (暴风雨) will arrive. Spiders There are more spiders than usual in autumn, and the spiders are making larger webs (网) than usual. A cold and dry winter will come. There are fewer spiders and they make smaller webs. A warm and wet winter will come. Ants A lot of ants are on the grass. It is going to rain. The world of animals is very amazing. Sometimes you can not explain (解释) why they can tell the weather before the weather report. If you want to know more about them, you can read more articles (文章) about science on School Science Magazine. 根据短文内容选择正确答案。 1. The writer talks about the following animals EXCEPT (除了) ________. A．birds B．elephants C．spiders 2. If a big storm is coming, sharks will ________. A．swim to deeper water B．jump out of water C．swim around the island 3. If spiders are getting more and they are making larger webs than usual in autumn, the weather in the following winter will be ________. A．dry and warm B．warm and wet C．dry and cold 4. Which of the following is TRUE? A．Few animals can feel the weather changes. B．If too many birds or ants get together, it will rain. C．In winter, there are no spiders making webs. 5. The passage is probably from ________. A．a school report B．a science magazine C．an animal magazine 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大多数研究表明许多动物能感知天气变化，并列举了鸟类、鲨鱼、蜘蛛和蚂蚁在天气变化前的行为表现。 1. 细节理解题。根据文中给出的表格“Birds, Sharks, Spiders, Ants”可知，文章提到了鸟类、鲨鱼、蜘蛛和蚂蚁，没有提到大象，故选B。 2. 细节理解题。从“Sharks swim to deeper water. A big storm will arrive.”可知，如果暴风雨即将来临，鲨鱼会游向更深的水域，故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“There are more spiders than usual in autumn, and the spiders are making larger webs than usual. A cold and dry winter will come.”可知，如果秋季蜘蛛增多且织更大的网，接下来的冬天会寒冷干燥，故选C。 4. 细节理解题。文中提到“A lot of birds get together and stay under the roofs of houses. Heavy rain will come.”以及“A lot of ants are on the grass. It is going to rain.”说明很多鸟类或蚂蚁聚集在一起时可能会下雨，B选项正确。故选B。 5. 推理判断题。根据“If you want to know more about them, you can read more articles about science on School Science Magazine.”可知，这篇文章可能来自科学杂志，故选B。 Passage 12 In the morning, we went camping along a path in Green Natural Park. We were happy because it was a sunny day. We were expecting an enjoyable two-day holiday. On the way, we kept singing and making jokes. However, in the afternoon, when we finished our picnic at one o’clock, it was dark and windy. Soon, there was a shower. Unluckily, none of us brought an umbrella. We ran about but we could find no shelter. Twenty minutes passed and it was still raining. There were hours to go before we reached the campsite (野营地). It was even worse that our small compass (指南针) showed that we went in the wrong direction. We had lost our way! We had to make a quick decision as it was raining heavily. Chris said we could set up a tent to shelter us from the rain, so Mary and Tom helped to set up the tent. Chris and I tried to make a fire to keep us warm. But we were unable to light the fire, as everything was wet. We finally succeeded though. We dried ourselves, chatted and waited inside the tent. At about five o’clock, it stopped raining. We decided to give up the camping trip because all of us had been very tired. This camping trip may not be very successful but we know each other better. And the most important thing I’ve learned from this trip is the importance of team spirit. 根据材料内容选择正确答案。 1. The writer went camping in Green Natural Park ________. A．for 4 hours B．for 2 days C．in the morning D．in the afternoon 2. It was even worse that they ________. A．had no picnic B．lost their way C．couldn’t light the fire D．couldn’t know each other 3. Chris suggested that they should ________ in the rain. A．set up a tent B．reach the campsite C．keep singing D．find a shelter 4. Which of the following is NOT true? A．It was sunny in the morning. B．None of them had an umbrella. C．They gave up the camping at last. D．They ran about to dry themselves. 5. The writer has learned the importance of ________ from the trip. A．making a decision B．working together C．enjoying holidays D．taking a compass 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者和朋友露营时所遭遇的事情。 1. 细节理解题。根据“In the morning, we went camping along a path in Green Natural Park.”可知，早上，我们去绿色自然公园露营。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“It was even worse that our small compass showed that we went in the wrong direction. We had lost our way!”可知，更糟糕的是，我们的小指南针显示我们走错了方向，我们迷路了。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Chris said we could set up a tent to shelter us from the rain,...”可知，克里斯说我们可以搭个帐篷遮雨，即克里斯建议在雨中搭帐篷。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据“In the morning, we went camping along a path in Green Natural Park. We were happy because it was a sunny day...Unluckily, none of us brought an umbrella. We ran about but we could find no shelter...We decided to give up the camping trip because all of us had been very tired.”可知，早上，我们去露营，我们很高兴，因为这是一个阳光明媚的日子；不幸的是，我们谁也没带伞，我们到处跑，但找不到避雨的地方，即到处跑是为了找避雨的地方；我们决定放弃露营；D选项“他们到处跑，为了让自己变干。”与文章不符。故选D。 5. 细节理解题。根据“And the most important thing I’ve learned from this trip is the importance of team spirit.”可知，我从这次旅行中学到的最重要的一点是团队精神的重要性，B选项“共同合作”与其相符。故选B。 Passage 13 There are all kinds of weather in the world. It affect our lives all the time. It’s very important for us to know about the weather. Now let me introduce hurricanes (飓风). Swish! Swoosh! The weather is very wild. It is a hurricane. It has very strong winds and lots of rain. Hurricanes form (形成) over the sea. Warm, wet air rises up from the sea. The air forms clouds. Lots of heat comes from these clouds. This can cause thunderstorms with heavy rain and strong winds. “If winds reach 120 kilometers per hour (about 74 miles per hour), it becomes a hurricane,” says experts. Hurricanes are wide storms. They can spread (蔓延) from one town to another 800km away. The strong winds in a hurricane blow round and round. The center of a hurricane is called the eye. The winds are not strong there. The heavy rain during a hurricane can cause floods. So can the strong wind. It makes big waves in the sea. The waves crash (猛撞) onto the land and cause floods. 1. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “affect”? A．丰富 B．提升 C．享受 D．影响 2. Which is NOT true about a hurricane? A．It has very strong winds. B．It has a lot of rain. C．It forms over the sea. D．It can cause thunderstorms. 3. Which of the following is the correct order for hurricanes to form? ①The air forms clouds. ②The clouds bring a lot of rain. ③Lots of heat causes thunderstorms. ④Warm, wet air rises up from the sea. A．①②③④ B．④③②① C．④①②③ D．②①④③ 4. The winds from the eye of the hurricane are ________. A．wild B．weak C．strong D．calm 5. The passage may come from ________. A．a science magazine B．a news magazine C．a notebook D．a storybook 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了飓风的相关信息。 1. 词义猜测题。根据“It’s very important for us to know about the weather.”可知，了解天气对我们来说非常重要，说明天气影响着人们的生活，划线单词的意思是“影响”，故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据“Warm, wet air rises up from the sea. The air forms clouds. Lots of heat comes from these clouds. This can cause thunderstorms with heavy rain and strong winds.”可知，湿热云层的聚集可能会导致雷暴，不是飓风导致雷暴，故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据“Warm, wet air rises up from the sea. The air forms clouds. Lots of heat comes from these clouds. This can cause thunderstorms with heavy rain and strong winds. ‘If winds reach 120 kilometers per hour (about 74 miles per hour), it becomes a hurricane,’”可知，飓风形成的过程是：温暖潮湿的空气从海中升起，空气形成云，云带来大量的雨水，大量高温引起雷暴。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据“The center of a hurricane is called the eye. The winds are not strong there”可知，飓风眼的风力不强，故选B。 5. 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了飓风的相关信息，因此会在科学杂志上看到，故选A。 Passage 14 Different weather makes people feel different. It influences (影响) health, intelligence (智力) and feelings. In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart problems and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, sometimes it is very hot and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart problems after the weather changes in February or March. Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. There is a “good weather” for health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18℃. The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a report, IQ (智商) of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% lower. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse grades on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August). Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter maybe a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather but the fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18℃, people become stronger. 根据短文内容, 选择最佳答案, 并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑。 1. What may make people forgetful? A．High air pressure. B．Hot and warm weather. C．Very cold weather. D．Low air pressure. 2. In what weather can people have more intelligence? A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Rainy. D．Cloudy. 3. When will the thin people feel bad? A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In autumn. D．In winter. 4. What can be inferred (推断) from the passage? A．People in the southern part of the United States have heart problems during April. B．People leave less bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. C．Students in United States often get better grades in the cool months of the year. D．The fat people may have a hard time in cold winter. 5. What is the best title for this passage? A．Weather Causes Different Heart Problems B．Weather Influences People in Different Aspects (方面) C．Different People Have Different IQ D．People Have Different Feelings in Different Weather 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 【导语】本文举例说明了天气变化对于人体健康，智商和心情的影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful.”可知，低气压使人健忘。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“The wind can help people have more intelligence.”可知，风可以让人们拥有更多的智慧。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Winter maybe a bad time for thin people.”可知，冬天瘦的人会感觉不好。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据“in a report, IQ (智商) of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came,”及“The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse grades on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August).”可知，在有大风的时候，学生们的智商就会高，在天气热的时候学生就会有不好的成绩，由此可推断出美国的学生在一年中凉爽的季节容易取得好成绩。故选C。 5. 最佳标题。根据“Different weather makes people feel different. It influences (影响) health, intelligence (智力) and feelings.”及通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是天气变化影响人们的方方面面。故选B。 Passage 15 A new and exciting way of doing weather forecasts is here! China’s television station now uses high-tech simulations (虚拟) to create realistic scenes in the studio. In a recent video about Super Typhoon Yagi, people watched as strong winds blew the weather reporter’s umbrella away and a “tree” was uprooted. This new way of forecasting weather helps people understand how serious storms can be. China Media Group Mobile made this video to warn people about the dangers of Super Typhoon Yagi and to tell them how to stay safe. But people were surprised by how real the video looked. The weather reporter started by talking about the weather. Then, she moved to a street with heavy winds and rain, created by extended (拓展) reality (XR) technology. XR is a group of technologies that includes augmented (增强) reality (AR), virtual (虚拟) reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR). The video showed different things that could happen during a typhoon, like trees falling and umbrellas blown away. It made people feel like they were really there, experiencing the typhoon. With XR technology, the scenes looked real and helped people learn about the dangers of extreme (极端的) weather. Many people who watched the video said they loved the new way of doing weather forecasts because it helped them understand better. Super Typhoon Yagi was the strongest autumn typhoon to hit the Chinese mainland since 1949. It caused a lot of damage and problems for people. The new way of doing weather forecasts helps people see how serious extreme weather can be. 1. What happened to the weather reporter’s umbrella in the weather forecast video? A．It turned inside out. B．It broke in the wind. C．It flew out of her hand. D．It didn’t open. 2. What new technology is being used for weather forecasts in China? A．Virtual Reality (VR) B．Augmented Reality (AR). C．Mixed Reality (MR). D．Extended Reality (XR). 3. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．The weather reporters. B．The people who watched the video. C．The people in the video. D．The China Media Group Mobile. 4. What was the purpose of the Super Typhoon Yagi weather forecast video? A．To warn people about the dangers of the typhoon. B．To show off the power of XR technology. C．To make people happy with new technology. D．To show us the strongest autumn typhoon. 5. What’s the best title for the text? A．The development of XR technology B．The new way of doing weather forecasts C．The ability of the weather reporter D．The dangers of Super Typhoon Yagi 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国电视台采用高科技模拟技术来预报天气，使人们能够更清楚地了解极端天气的危害。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“In a recent video about Super Typhoon Yagi, people watched as strong winds blew the weather reporter’s umbrella away and a ‘tree’ was uprooted.”可知，天气报道记者的雨伞被强风刮走了，也就是从她手中飞了出去。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“With XR technology, the scenes looked real and helped people learn about the dangers of extreme weather. Many people who watched the video said they loved the new way of doing weather forecasts because it helped them understand better.”可知，利用XR技术，这些场景看起来很真实，并帮助人们了解极端天气的危险。许多观看视频的人表示，他们喜欢这种预报天气的新方式，因为这有助于他们更好地理解天气。故选D。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“The video showed different things that could happen during a typhoon, like trees falling and umbrellas blown away. It made people feel like they were really there, experiencing the typhoon.”可知，这段视频展示了台风期间可能发生的不同情况，比如树木倒下，雨伞被吹走。它让人们感觉他们真的在那里，经历台风。所以，此处“they”指的是观看视频的人们。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“This new way of forecasting weather helps people understand how serious storms can be.”可知，这种预报天气的新方法有助于人们了解风暴的严重程度，警告人们台风的危险。故选A。 5. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国电视台采用高科技模拟技术来预报天气，使人们能够更清楚地了解极端天气的危害。故选B。 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$