精品解析：上海市复旦中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考英语试题

上海市夏旦中学2024学年第一学期高二年级 英语质量调研1试卷 班级______ 姓名______ 学号______ 考生注意事项： 1. 试卷满分110分，考试时间90分钟： 2. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名等信息，作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。 I. Listening Comprehension: (25%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She didn’t want to lend it to Doris. B. She enjoyed it but Doris didn’t. C. Doris purchased it for her. D. Doris wrote it for her. 2. A. The man is eager to see his parents. B. The man’s parents should come later. C. The man’s apartment needs tidying up. D. The man should buy a vacuum cleaner. 3. A. She didn’t think the packages would arrive. B. The packages took longer than expected to reach her. C. The man should have called to ask about the packages. D. The packages might have been sent to a wrong address. 4. A. The man will finish his assignment before the party. B. The man had better not go to the party. C. She has missed the party tonight. D. The party will be crowded. 5. A. The man should ask John to be his roommate. B. The woman changed her mind about moving. C. The woman is now looking for a roommate. D. The man’s current roommate is leaving. 6. A. He has found an acting job. B. He was at his last job for a long time. C. His new position as the boss is challenging. D. His behavior could cause him to lose his job. 7. A. He’s already seen the show. B. He has to work late tonight. C. He’d rather go at another time. D. It’ll be hard to get to the hall on time. 8. A. He regrets that he can’t go to the party. B. He’ll attend the concert and the party. C. He has reserved a place for Janet. D. He’ll change his plan at once. 9. A. She doesn’t know how to react. B. She thinks the man is too sensitive. C. She agrees that Mary is too critical. D. She wants to know what the man thinks. 10. A. The man shouldn’t invite her roommate to the meeting. B. Her roommate was unable to attend the meeting. C. She was nervous about the time change. D. Her roommate is forgetful. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear several short passages and longer conversation (s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation (s). The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 11. A. Cry out for help if there is an aggressive dog nearby. B. Never come close to a dog unless it is sleeping C. Make eye contact with a dog calmly. D. Say away from any dog fight. 12. A. Run away as fast as possible. B. Curl themselves into a ball. C. Fight back with their fists. D. Tell the dog to go home. 13. A. Reports of dog bites. B. Tragic deaths of children. C. Ways to keep children safe from dogs. D. Dogs that launch aggressive attacks. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. He himself is deaf. B. He teaches deaf kids music. C. He opens a school for the deaf. D. He conducts studies on how the deaf learn music. 15. A. Being more able to compose music. B. Getting on better with the family. C. Valuing hard work more. D. Becoming more social. 16. A. A new way to teach the deaf music. B. A song sung at the 2014 World Cup. C. Deaf kids learning music. D. Conductors performing for the deaf. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To help lottery winners react properly to their emotion changes. B. To tell people in need what is the best way to win the lottery. C. To make judgements on whether people’s decisions are good. D. To give lottery winners advice on how to deal with the money. 18. A. Whether to go public. B. Whether to quit their jobs. C. Whether to move to another place. D. Whether to give the money away. 19. A. To prove lottery winners are mostly kind. B. To illustrate many winners deserve the money. C. To criticize those winners who never help others. D. To give suggestions on how to spend the money wisely. 20. A. Her job tells her it’s no good playing it. B. She’d rather travel than pay for lottery. C. She isn’t allowed to play it when at home. D. Lottery tickets are usually cheaper abroad. II. Grammar and Vocabulary: (25%) Section A (10%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Much Understanding Opportunity Cost Decisions, decisions! Every day we come across situations in ____1____we have to make a choice. Economists have long realized that when we make decision, we are considering our unlimited wants ____2____limited time, money, services, and opportunities. ____3____we choose, we not only have to think about the cost of one item we can have now, but we must take into account the thing we have to give up. Economists call this "opportunity cost," and you don't have to have a PhD in economics ____4____(benefit) from knowing how the concept works and now it can improve our life choices. A simple choice between buying a dinner in an expensive restaurant and at a ____5____(affordable) food stand can illustrate opportunity cost. The money you spend on the high-class restaurant meal is certain to be more than the ____6____at a food stand. If you choose the restaurant you will enjoy a good meal and the enjoyment of fine dining. However, the extra money spent on the meal compared to the food from the food stand ____7____(lose). You sacrifice cheaper meal for a costlier one. This is an example of "opportunity cost." ____8____you go to college? That would take at least four years plus the expenses for tuition, books, and other supplies. During that time you would probably not be earning any money. The lost opportunity of earning money is your opportunity cost of obtaining ____9____college degree. Before you make your next purchase, whether for a house, car, college degree, or just coffee, consider _____10_____you must give up to make that purchase. Section B (20%) (A) Directions: Complete the following sentences and passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. observe C. pales D. parallel E. progressive F. prospect G. prosper H. philosophy I. pilot J. promises K. quality 11. One prominent symptom of the disease is ______ loss of memory. 12. Her ______ of life is to take every opportunity that presents itself. 13. Several ______ are offered for the student’s senior year. 14. Today I can spend ______ time with my family for a change. 15. If a business wants to ______, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night. 16. This is an achievement without ______ in modern times. 17. This year ______ a good harvest. 18. The plan is to launch a ______ programme next summer. 19. When someone you love has a life-threatening illness, all other things ______ in comparison. 20. Soon the crowd will ______ a minute’s silence in memory of those who had died. (B) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. natural B. substituting C. stable D. disappear E. piece F. transforming G. returned H. regrowth I. habitats J. flat K. pulled Fire That Was Started 92,000 Years Ago Human are actively changing landscapes across the globe, but shaping ecosystems is not just a modern activity. An analysis of the northern shores of East Africa's Lake Malawi reveals ancient inhabitants used fire 92,000 years ago to prevent forest ____21____. These Stone Age humans burned forest to make room for a growing population. The Yale-led study discovered settlements in the area, along with charcoal deposits in the core of the lake, allowing researchers to ____22____the story together. Jessica Thompson, the paper's lead author, said: "This is the earliest evidence I have seen of humans ____23____their ecosystem with fire. It suggests that by the Late Pleistocene（晚更新世）, humans were learning to use fire in truly new ways. The work began in 2018. Researchers from Pennsylvania State University examined fossils, pollen（花粉）and minerals ____24____from the bottom of the lake. The analysis showed environment changes that could not be explained with ____25____factors. Normally forest along the lake shore ____26____during dry periods and recover when the lake reaches normal levels. But here researchers discovered that when wetter periods ____27____ and water levels became normal, forests along the shore did not recover, and the species richness went ____28____. Sarah Ivory from Pennsylvania State University said: "The pollen that we see in this most recent period of ____29____climate is very different than before. Specifically, trees are no longer common and are replaced by pollen from plants that deal well with frequent fire." It's not clear why people were burning the landscape. It's possible that they were experimenting with controlled burns to produce _____30_____. It could be that their fires burned out of control, or that there were simple a lot of people burning fuel in their environment that provided for warmth, cooking, or socialization. III. Reading Comprehension: (45%) Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Dealing with Digital Shame Some argue shame can be a forceful tool for change. But when it's weaponized against others in ____31____digital spaces, these same strategies can turn into hurtful behaviours, like cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰). Getting called out, insulted or bullied isn't exactly ____32____. But the Internet's ability to strengthen and permanently ____33____those messages is. And this tool is now in the hands of most young people. Here's how experts recommend guiding kids and teens through this digital landscape. 1 Think before you post. In the digital age, what we share can become ____34____. It's also a way of ____35____ourselves to others, says web safety expert Nancy Willard. ____36____, consider what your social media footprint says about you. "Write down the key words that you would like other people to use when they describe you," Willard says. "Then, when you're ____37____ something, [ask yourself], 'Does that reflect those qualities?'" 2. Work through scenarios (可能场景) in advance. If someone attacks you online, says Justin W. Patching, co-director of the Cyberbullying Research Centre, you might feel the desire -- even the need to respond. Instead, parents should consider helping their kids ____38____such situations beforehand. "Given them a situation," he says, "to just practice those skills of ____39____or making a joke of it." 3. Stop and stay calm. It's easy for a delicate digital argument to make your blood boil. "If you're upset, realize that the threat _____40_____centre of your brain has taken over," Willard says. "Unfortunately, when this happens, your emotional _____41_____and your thinking centres go offline." But there are ways to remain cool. Take some deep breaths. Step away from the keyboard. Go for a walk outside. 4. Put yourself in the other person' s shoes. If you're being belittled online, it may say more about the other person than it does about you, says psychologist Sherry Turkle. "If you can keep that in mind," she says, "then the whole experience will seem less _____42_____to you, emotionally." 5. Empower yourself with tools. If you find yourself being cyberbullied, often the tech itself can provide a number of simple ways to respond: Blocking the _____43_____. Reporting hurtful exchanges. Taking screenshots. Saving message threads. Having that _____44_____can help if the behaviours do escalate beyond one hurtful offense to repeated, long-standing harassment. It's a lot easier for authorities to get involved when they can see _____45_____what's going on. 31. A. stored B. shared C. shifted D. secured 32. A. local B. true C. easy D. new 33. A. document B. define C. distract D. dominate 34. A. internal B. relevant C. permanent D. virtual 35. A. presenting B. adjusting C. restricting D. devoting 36. A. In contrast B. In short C. In fact D. In the end 37. A. printing B. piling C. posting D. passing 38. A. substitute for B. appeal to C. recover from D. prepare for 39. A. ignoring B. isolating C. imitating D. identifying 40. A. response B. review C. relief D. reserve 41. A. integration B. regulation C. modification D. interruption 42. A. conflicting B. confusing C. convincing D. comforting 43. A. offender B. stranger C. sponsor D. partner 44. A. feedback B. resource C. inquiry D. evidence 45. A. equally B. eagerly C. exactly D. extremely Section B (22%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fit s best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A 47-year-old Frenchman had an unfortunate experience while walking around Cannes. Here he is to tell us all about it. The Black Hole I work in the philosophy department at the university. Just last week, I had some drinks with some friends in a bar. After a few glasses of wine, but not too many, mind you, I felt. It was about six in the evening, and it was starting to get dark. It had been raining heavily the past few days, but that night it was pleasant so I decided to walk home. However, I'd just turned the corner into my street when all of a sudden, "whoosh", I fell down an uncovered manhole. Flying It was an incredible experience. It was as if I was flying through the air. I could feel the cold, wet sides of the drain. Eventually my back was rubbing along the side, until "splash", I fell into a pool of running water. A Water Ride Now I was moving quite fast. The current was very strong — I guess it was because of all the heavy rain that had flooded the drain. Luckily the water wasn't very deep so I could keep my head above water. There was nothing I could do, so I lay back, with my hands behind my head, as if I was on slide in a water park, and just let myself go. It was quite pleasant really, except for the occasional mouthful of sickening water, and a horrible smell. When was it going to end? I was about to find out. The End of the Ordeal All of a sudden, I could see a light at the end of the tunnel. It started off quite small, but then it got bigger and bigger. A few seconds later I was shot up violently out of the drain, and onto the beach, right below the luxurious Majestic Hotel. I lay there for a few second, shaken, but unharmed. Then I picked myself up, walked up to the hotel and told them what had happened. Of course, at first it was hard to convince them that this dirty, wet middle-aged man with a horrible smell on him was in fact a dignified university professor. Anyway, they eventually believed me and allowed me to clean myself in one of the rooms. Recovery Miraculously, I was uninjured after my 30-minutes ride. I am currently in the process of charging the local council with failing to warn the public about the unmarked manhole. Meanwhile, the town mayor has blamed "unusually strong rain fall" for the situation. 46. Why did the man fall into to manhole? A. He was walking too fast. B. He had drunk too much wine. C. The manhole was uncovered. D. The heavy rain blocked his vision. 47. The underlined word "ordeal" probably means________. A. suffering B. spinning C. overflow D. offence 48. What can be learned about the man? A. He blamed his misfortune on the unusually heavy rain. B. He was lucky enough to ge spotted by a hotel employee. C. He had to swim against the strong current to survive. D. He is engaged in a legal case against the local authorities. 49. Which of the following is the best title for the article? A. A Frenchman's Night Encounter B. A Ride down the Drain C. Watch out for Hidden Dangers D. Defend One's Dignity in Tough Situations (B) ADOPTION CRITERIA: • Adopters are required to pay a $750 adoption fee at the time of adoption. • Interested adopters and their families must be willing to travel, at their own expense, to our San Rafael. California campus within a week of being notified by our Dog Placement office that a potentially suitable dog is available. In particular, children under the age of 10 need to accompany their parents, to ensure the dog will be a good family match. • It is strongly recommended that any dog already in the household also come to the campus to meet the new dog on neutral ground and to improve the likelihood of a smooth transition. • Adopters must be willing to do the following: ☆ Purchase an extra large size container for use in the transition to the new home. ☆ Attend dog training classes appropriate to the temperament of the new dog. Career change dogs often need further training or behavior modification. ☆ Have either a fully fenced area or kennel run at least five feet in height. A fence check will be performed prior to any dog going home. A fence check will not be performed until and unless a suitable dog is available. ADOPTION RPOCESS If you meet the adoption criteria, the steps in the application are easy. 1. Complete the online application (link below). 2. If we have questions or need further information from you, we will contact you by phone. The volume of applications we receive does not permit responses to individual inquiries about the status of an application. Applicants not selected for adoption consideration will be notified by letter. 3. We will contact you by phone if and when we have a dog that may be suitable for you. At that time, you’ll receive a detailed description of the dog, including the reason it was career changed form the program, what it was like in the puppy raising home, what its current needs are, etc. 4. We will arrange an appointment for you to come to our campus and meet the dog. It typically takes about two hours to show a dog. If all parties agree that it looks like a good match, the paperwork is done, adoption fee paid and the dog can go home at that time. 50. The Smiths who have a 4-year-old child and a Labrador Retriever should________. A. keep the retriever isolated from the adopted dog B. pay $750 for the vet checkup, travel and accommodation C keep in touch with Dog Placement office beforehand D. introduced the dog to the child on a neutral and familiar territory 51. What is the precondition for having a career change dog? A. Behavior adaptation or discipline. B. A spacious apartment or house. C. Familiarity with dog breeds. D. Knowledge of career change program. 52. Adoption is based on the principle that ________. A. first come, first served B. suitability matters C. customer comes first D. quality is the cornerstone (C) The candidate longing for election to the highest office in the United States must be native-born American citizen who is at least 35 years old and who has lived in the United States for at least 14 years. The election course is complicated, and the road to the Oval Office is long. Potential candidates must present papers stating their intention to seek their party's recommendation; delegates then choose from among those running some months later at the national conferences. Before that, however, each state holds a primary election that determines how the state's votes want the party's delegates to vote. Methods of choosing the delegates vary from state to state. At the conferences, there are speeches and often heated discussions. It may take several rounds of voting before delegates can agree on a candidate. On the final day of the meeting, the presidential candidate announces his or her choice for vice president. Election Day, by law, is the Tuesday that follows the first Monday in November. On this day, registered votes may cast their votes for president, vice president, and candidates for other federal, state, and local offices. The popular vote, however, does not determine who will be president. The president is chosen by a vote of the Electoral College, a group of 538 citizens from the 50 states and the District of Columbia who are chosen to cast votes for the president and vice president. The rules for choosing electors, as with the delegates, vary. Each state also decides whether its electoral votes must reflect the popular vote. The number of electors in each state is determined by the number of representatives and senators that a state sends to Congress and, therefore, may change every 10 years, depending on the results of the United States census. The winner must get at least 270 of the electoral votes when the Electoral College meets in December of the electron year. The election results are not official, however, until the following January, when Congress meets in a joint conference to count the electoral votes. At the end of the road to the Oval Office is the swearing-in ceremony, at which the new or reelected president takes the oath of office on January 20. 53. Which of the following is not a requirement for candidates for the presidency of the USA? A. Minimum age of thirty-five years old. B. Previous experience in an elective office. C. Native of the United States of America. D. Bottom residency of fourteen years in the States. 54. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Election results are not authorized until the first month of the coming year. B. Ways to select the delegates of each state are very much the same in the USA. C. The successful presidential candidate wins a maximum number of electoral votes. D. A party's potential candidate is chosen months before its national conference is held. 55. We can conclude from the passage that ________. A. the candidate who wins the popular vote will be the winner of the election B. the electors don't have the right to vote against their registered voters' will C. the presidents of the United States are theoretically picked by the citizens directly D. the change of a state's population barely has effect on the presidential election 56. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Various Ways of Presidential Election in the USA B. The Qualifications for Being the president of the USA C. The Rules for Choosing Presidential Candidates in the USA D. The Process of the Election for the President of the USA Section C (8%) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Not All Waste Has to Go to Waste Most of the world’s 2.22 billion tons of annual trash ends up in landfills or open dumps. Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist and engineer at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. There little trash processors — some as small as 500 square feet — house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with the new technology. ___57___ Sahajwalla launched the world’s first waste micro factory targeting electronic waste or e-waste, in 2018 in Sydney. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented microfactory technology. ___58___ The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission treks between recycling processors and manufacturing plants. With a microfactory, gone are the days of needing separate facilities to collect and store materials, extract elements and produce new products. ___59___ Her invention evolves this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. “The kids don’t look like the parents,” she says. For example the microfactory can break down old smartphones and computer monitors and extract silica (from the glass) and carbon (from the plastic casing), and then combine them together. This generates a common material with many industrial uses. ___60___ In 2019, just 17.4 percent of e-waste was recycled, so they ability to re-form offers a crucial new development in the challenge recycling complex electronic devices. “We can do so much more with materials,” says Sahajwalla. A. Traditional recycling has not worked for every recycling challenge, especially the recycling of e-waste. B. She says the small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants. C. Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R”, adding “re-form” to the common phrase “reduce, rouse, recycle.” D. Electronics contains various poisonous chemicals and materials that are released into the environments if they are not dealt with properly. E. The new all-in-one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust. F. Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products — like melting down plastic to make more plastic things. IV. Translation: (3+4+4+4+5=20%) 61. 有钱也不一定能接受良好的教育。（access）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 62. 不是超群的智力，而是不断的努力和坚定的信念促使了个人的成功。（contributor）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 63. 虽然患上了严重的心脏病，他还是勇敢地面对挑战。（suffer）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 64. 互动式的语言教学方式被认为对于学生的交流技巧有所影响。(difference)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 65. 直到这个岛上的居民全部被转移到其他地区，人们才意识到所有人都成了全球变暖的受害者。(It) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海市夏旦中学2024学年第一学期高二年级 英语质量调研1试卷 班级______ 姓名______ 学号______ 考生注意事项： 1. 试卷满分110分，考试时间90分钟： 2. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名等信息，作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。 I. Listening Comprehension: (25%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She didn’t want to lend it to Doris. B. She enjoyed it but Doris didn’t. C. Doris purchased it for her. D. Doris wrote it for her. 2. A. The man is eager to see his parents. B. The man’s parents should come later. C. The man’s apartment needs tidying up. D. The man should buy a vacuum cleaner. 3. A. She didn’t think the packages would arrive. B. The packages took longer than expected to reach her. C. The man should have called to ask about the packages. D. The packages might have been sent to a wrong address. 4. A. The man will finish his assignment before the party. B. The man had better not go to the party. C. She has missed the party tonight. D. The party will be crowded. 5. A. The man should ask John to be his roommate. B. The woman changed her mind about moving. C. The woman is now looking for a roommate. D. The man’s current roommate is leaving. 6. A. He has found an acting job. B. He was at his last job for a long time. C. His new position as the boss is challenging. D. His behavior could cause him to lose his job. 7. A. He’s already seen the show. B. He has to work late tonight. C. He’d rather go at another time. D. It’ll be hard to get to the hall on time. 8. A. He regrets that he can’t go to the party. B. He’ll attend the concert and the party. C. He has reserved a place for Janet. D. He’ll change his plan at once. 9. A. She doesn’t know how to react. B. She thinks the man is too sensitive. C. She agrees that Mary is too critical. D. She wants to know what the man thinks. 10. A. The man shouldn’t invite her roommate to the meeting. B. Her roommate was unable to attend the meeting. C. She was nervous about the time change. D. Her roommate is forgetful. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear several short passages and longer conversation (s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation (s). The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 11. A. Cry out for help if there is an aggressive dog nearby. B. Never come close to a dog unless it is sleeping C. Make eye contact with a dog calmly. D. Say away from any dog fight. 12. A. Run away as fast as possible. B. Curl themselves into a ball. C. Fight back with their fists. D. Tell the dog to go home. 13. A. Reports of dog bites. B. Tragic deaths of children. C. Ways to keep children safe from dogs. D. Dogs that launch aggressive attacks. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. He himself is deaf. B. He teaches deaf kids music. C. He opens a school for the deaf. D. He conducts studies on how the deaf learn music. 15. A. Being more able to compose music. B. Getting on better with the family. C. Valuing hard work more. D. Becoming more social. 16. A. A new way to teach the deaf music. B. A song sung at the 2014 World Cup. C. Deaf kids learning music. D. Conductors performing for the deaf. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To help lottery winners react properly to their emotion changes. B. To tell people in need what is the best way to win the lottery. C. To make judgements on whether people’s decisions are good. D. To give lottery winners advice on how to deal with the money. 18. A. Whether to go public. B. Whether to quit their jobs. C. Whether to move to another place. D. Whether to give the money away. 19. A. To prove lottery winners are mostly kind. B. To illustrate many winners deserve the money. C. To criticize those winners who never help others. D. To give suggestions on how to spend the money wisely. 20. A. Her job tells her it’s no good playing it. B. She’d rather travel than pay for lottery. C. She isn’t allowed to play it when at home. D. Lottery tickets are usually cheaper abroad. II. Grammar and Vocabulary: (25%) Section A (10%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Much Understanding Opportunity Cost Decisions, decisions! Every day we come across situations in ____1____we have to make a choice. Economists have long realized that when we make decision, we are considering our unlimited wants ____2____limited time, money, services, and opportunities. ____3____we choose, we not only have to think about the cost of one item we can have now, but we must take into account the thing we have to give up. Economists call this "opportunity cost," and you don't have to have a PhD in economics ____4____(benefit) from knowing how the concept works and now it can improve our life choices. A simple choice between buying a dinner in an expensive restaurant and at a ____5____(affordable) food stand can illustrate opportunity cost. The money you spend on the high-class restaurant meal is certain to be more than the ____6____at a food stand. If you choose the restaurant, you will enjoy a good meal and the enjoyment of fine dining. However, the extra money spent on the meal compared to the food from the food stand ____7____(lose). You sacrifice cheaper meal for a costlier one. This is an example of "opportunity cost." ____8____you go to college? That would take at least four years plus the expenses for tuition, books, and other supplies. During that time you would probably not be earning any money. The lost opportunity of earning money is your opportunity cost of obtaining ____9____college degree. Before you make your next purchase, whether for a house, car, college degree, or just coffee, consider _____10_____you must give up to make that purchase. 【答案】1. which 2. against 3. Every time##When 4. to benefit 5. more affordable 6. one 7. will be lost 8. Should 9. a 10. what 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了经济学中的机会成本的概念，并用买饭和上大学这两个例子进行阐释说明，提醒人们在做购买决定时要更加理性。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我们每天都会遇见我们不得不做出选择的情况/形势。根据situation“情况，形势”作先行词时定语从句的关系词应该使用in which或where，题干中已经给出了in，故此处填入关系代词which。 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：我们总是拿我们无限的欲望来对抗有限的时间、金钱、服务以及机遇。根据句意可知“无限的欲望”和“有限的资源”之间存在对照/博弈关系，故此处填入介词against。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：我们每次在进行选择时，我们不仅要考虑我们当前所拥有的某样东西的成本，我们还要考虑我们不得不放弃的东西。根据逗号前的主谓结构可知前面为一个句子且为从句，根据句意可知是时间状语从句，可以填入连接词“when”，若要强调“每一次”的概念也可以填入“every time”，故此处可填入连词Every time或When。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意：并且你不需要拥有一个经济学博士学位，来使你从了解这个概念是如何运作的中获益，现在这可以改善我们的人生选择。根据句意可知此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填入to benefit。 【5题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一个简单的关于是在一个昂贵的餐馆买晚饭还是在一个更加负担得起的食品摊买饭就阐释了机会成本。根据句意是在昂贵的和便宜一些的餐馆间做选择，故需要用到形容此形容词的比较级，故填入more affordable。 【6题详解】 考查代词。句意：你在一个高级餐厅花的钱当然会比在一个食品摊上花的那份钱多。根据句意可知，“花的钱”是这个句子中重复的部分，根据英文一般忌重复的原则，后一次重复需要用到代词，one原则上不可以替代不可数名词，如果名词用一份等词量化时则可以，故此处填入代词one。 【7题详解】 考查时态和语态分词作定语。句意：如果你选择了餐馆，你会享受到好的饭菜和很棒的就用乐趣，然而，与食品摊位相比，你在你在餐馆额外花的钱将会失去。根据句意此句仍承接前句的假设，故主句仍需要用到将来时态，又因为钱做主语，则需要用到被动语态，故填入will be lost。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：你应该去读大学吗？根据本段大部分内容是在分析读大学的成本和收获可知，此处提出问题要不要读大学，所以此处填入情态动词Should。 9题详解】 考查冠词。句意：你所失去的赚钱的机会就是你去获取大学学位的机会成本。显然，Degree“学位”为可数名词，又因为此处为泛指概念，故此处填入不定冠词a。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：在你做出你的下一次购买决定前，无论是买房、车、大学学位还是咖啡，考虑为了这次购买你必须要放弃的东西。祈使句中动词consider后面为宾语从句，从句中的空缺处充当宾语且有意义，“东西”，故需填入连接代词what。 Section B (20%) (A) Directions: Complete the following sentences and passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. options B. observe C. pales D. parallel E. progressive F. prospect G. prosper H. philosophy I. pilot J. promises K. quality 11. One prominent symptom of the disease is ______ loss of memory. 12. Her ______ of life is to take every opportunity that presents itself. 13. Several ______ are offered for the student’s senior year. 14. Today I can spend ______ time with my family for a change. 15. If a business wants to ______, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night. 16. This is an achievement without ______ in modern times. 17. This year ______ a good harvest. 18. The plan is to launch a ______ programme next summer. 19. When someone you love has a life-threatening illness, all other things ______ in comparison. 20. Soon the crowd will ______ a minute’s silence in memory of those who had died. 【答案】11. E 12. H 13. A 14. K 15. G 16. D 17. J 18. I 19. C 20. B 【解析】 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种疾病的一个显著症状是记忆力逐渐减退。空处修饰名词loss，结合“loss of memory”可推知，E项progressive“逐渐的，渐进的”符合题意，表示“记忆力逐渐减退”。故选E。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：她的人生哲学是抓住每一个出现的机会。空处作主语，结合“of life”可推知，H项philosophy“哲学，生活准则”符合题意，philosophy of life是固定短语，意为“人生哲学”。故选H。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：为学生的高三学年提供了几个选择。空处作主语，结合“for the student’s senior year”可推知，A项options“选择，选项”符合题意，表示“提供了几个选择”。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：今天我可以改变一下，和家人共度美好时光。空处修饰名词time，结合“time with my family”可推知，K项quality“优质的，高质量的”符合题意，quality time指“有质量的时间，珍贵时光”，表示“和家人共度美好时光”。故选K。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果一个企业想要繁荣发展，它应该只雇佣每晚睡眠时间少于6小时的人。此处用want to do表示“想做某事”，结合“a business”可推知，G项prosper“繁荣，兴旺”符合题意，表示“一个企业想要繁荣发展”。故选G。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：这是一项在现代无与伦比的成就。空处作without的宾语，结合“an achievement”可推知，D项parallel“相似的人或事物”符合题意，without parallel是固定短语，意为“无与伦比”。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：今年有望丰收。空处作谓语，结合“a good harvest”可推知，J项promises“预示，有……的希望”符合题意，表示“有望丰收”。故选J。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：计划明年夏天启动一个试点项目。空处修饰名词programme，结合“The plan”可推知，I项pilot“试点的”符合题意，表示“启动一个试点项目”。故选I。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：当你所爱人患了危及生命的疾病时，其他一切都相形见绌。空处作谓语，结合“When someone you love has a life-threatening illness”可推知，C项pales“显得逊色，相形见绌”符合题意，表示“其他一切都相形见绌”。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：很快人群将默哀一分钟，以纪念那些逝去的人。空处和will构成谓语，结合“a minute’s silence”可推知，B项observe“遵守，奉行（仪式等）”符合题意，表示“默哀一分钟”。故选B。 (B) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. natural B. substituting C. stable D. disappear E. piece F. transforming G. returned H. regrowth I. habitats J. flat K. pulled Fire That Was Started 92,000 Years Ago Human are actively changing landscapes across the globe, but shaping ecosystems is not just a modern activity. An analysis of the northern shores of East Africa's Lake Malawi reveals ancient inhabitants used fire 92,000 years ago to prevent forest ____21____. These Stone Age humans burned forest to make room for a growing population. The Yale-led study discovered settlements in the area, along with charcoal deposits in the core of the lake, allowing researchers to ____22____the story together. Jessica Thompson, the paper's lead author, said: "This is the earliest evidence I have seen of humans ____23____their ecosystem with fire. It suggests that by the Late Pleistocene（晚更新世）, humans were learning to use fire in truly new ways. The work began in 2018. Researchers from Pennsylvania State University examined fossils, pollen（花粉）and minerals ____24____from the bottom of the lake. The analysis showed environment changes that could not be explained with ____25____factors. Normally forest along the lake shore ____26____during dry periods and recover when the lake reaches normal levels. But here researchers discovered that when wetter periods ____27____ and water levels became normal, forests along the shore did not recover, and the species richness went ____28____. Sarah Ivory from Pennsylvania State University said: "The pollen that we see in this most recent period of ____29____climate is very different than before. Specifically, trees are no longer common and are replaced by pollen from plants that deal well with frequent fire." It's not clear why people were burning the landscape. It's possible that they were experimenting with controlled burns to produce _____30_____. It could be that their fires burned out of control, or that there were simple a lot of people burning fuel in their environment that provided for warmth, cooking, or socialization. 【答案】21. H 22. E 23. F 24. K 25. A 26. D 27. G 28. J 29. C 30. I 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了考古发现早期人类是生态系统工程师。他们用火的方式阻止了该地区森林的再生，形成了今天存在的一片广阔的低矮灌木林。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：一项对东非马拉维湖北部海岸的分析显示，古代居民在92000年前使用火灾来防止森林的再生。分析句子可知，需填名词作宾语，根据下文的“These Stone Age humans burned forest to make room for a growing population.(这些石器时代的人类烧毁森林，为不断增长的人口腾出空间)”可推断，古代居民用大火阻止森林再生，regrowth“再生”不可数名词，符合题意，故选H。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：耶鲁大学领导的研究发现了该地区的定居点，和湖中心的木炭沉积物，让研究人员可以把这个故事拼凑起来。to是不定式符号，故填动词，由句意可知，一个分析让研究人员拼凑出这个故事，piece“拼凑”符合句意，故选E。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：该论文的主要作者埃西卡·汤普森说：“这是我所看到的最早的关于人类用火改变生态系统的证据”。根据句意可知，此处说明人们用火改变生态系统，transform“改变；转变”符合语境，分析句子可知，介词of后接动名词作宾语，human是动名词的逻辑主语，故选F。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：这项工作始于2018年。来自宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员检查了从湖底拖出来的化石、花粉和矿物质。根据句意可知，这些化石，花粉和矿物质来自湖底，pull“拖；拉”符合题意，作后置定语，pull与fossils, pollen（花粉）and minerals之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式作定语，故选K。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：分析显示，环境变化无法用自然因素来解释。此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词，根据下一段内容可知，此处说的是自然因素无法介绍环境变化。natural“自然的”形容词作定语，故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：通常沿湖岸的森林在干燥时期消失，当湖泊达到正常水平时恢复。分析句子可知，缺少谓语动词用动词形式，根据下文“recover when the lake reaches normal levels”可推断，干燥时期森林消失，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语forest是单数，disappear“消失”动词作谓语。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：但研究人员发现，当较湿润时期回归和水位恢复正常时，沿岸森林没有恢复，物种丰富度趋于平稳。分析句子可知，空格处填动词作谓语，根据上文“recover when the lake reaches normal levels”可知，较湿润时期回归，森林恢复正常，return“返回；回归”符合语境，且描述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故选G。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但研究人员发现，当较湿润时期回归和水位恢复正常时，沿岸森林没有恢复，物种丰富度趋于平稳。go是系动词，接形容词作表语，根据上文“forests along the shore did not recover”可知，森林没有恢复，物种丰富度趋于平稳。flat“停滞的；平淡的”符合语境，故选J。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们在最近一段稳定气候时期看到的花粉与以前大不相同。分析句子可知，用形容词作定语，根据下文“replaced by pollen from plants that deal well with frequent fire.”可知，此处表示稳定时期看到的花粉不同于以前火灾时期看到的。stable“稳定的”符合语境，故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：有可能是他们在试验控制烧伤来产生有利于狩猎和采集的栖息地。分析句子可知，填名词作宾语，由上文“they were experimenting with controlled burns”以及句意可推断，此处说明古代居民通过有控制的燃烧创造栖息地，habitat“栖息地”符合语境，是可数名词，用复数，故选I。 III. Reading Comprehension: (45%) Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Dealing with Digital Shame Some argue shame can be a forceful tool for change. But when it's weaponized against others in ____31____digital spaces, these same strategies can turn into hurtful behaviours, like cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰). Getting called out, insulted or bullied isn't exactly ____32____. But the Internet's ability to strengthen and permanently ____33____those messages is. And this tool is now in the hands of most young people. Here's how experts recommend guiding kids and teens through this digital landscape. 1. Think before you post. In the digital age, what we share can become ____34____. It's also a way of ____35____ourselves to others, says web safety expert Nancy Willard. ____36____, consider what your social media footprint says about you. "Write down the key words that you would like other people to use when they describe you," Willard says. "Then, when you're ____37____ something, [ask yourself], 'Does that reflect those qualities?'" 2. Work through scenarios (可能场景) in advance. If someone attacks you online, says Justin W. Patching, co-director of the Cyberbullying Research Centre, you might feel the desire -- even the need to respond. Instead, parents should consider helping their kids ____38____such situations beforehand. "Given them a situation," he says, "to just practice those skills of ____39____or making a joke of it." 3. Stop and stay calm. It's easy for a delicate digital argument to make your blood boil. "If you're upset, realize that the threat _____40_____centre of your brain has taken over," Willard says. "Unfortunately, when this happens, your emotional _____41_____and your thinking centres go offline." But there are ways to remain cool. Take some deep breaths. Step away from the keyboard. Go for a walk outside. 4. Put yourself in the other person' s shoes. If you're being belittled online, it may say more about the other person than it does about you, says psychologist Sherry Turkle. "If you can keep that in mind," she says, "then the whole experience will seem less _____42_____to you, emotionally." 5. Empower yourself with tools. If you find yourself being cyberbullied, often the tech itself can provide a number of simple ways to respond: Blocking the _____43_____. Reporting hurtful exchanges. Taking screenshots. Saving message threads. Having that _____44_____can help if the behaviours do escalate beyond one hurtful offense to repeated, long-standing harassment. It's a lot easier for authorities to get involved when they can see _____45_____what's going on. 31. A. stored B. shared C. shifted D. secured 32. A. local B. true C. easy D. new 33. A. document B. define C. distract D. dominate 34. A. internal B. relevant C. permanent D. virtual 35 A. presenting B. adjusting C. restricting D. devoting 36. A. In contrast B. In short C. In fact D. In the end 37. A. printing B. piling C. posting D. passing 38. A. substitute for B. appeal to C. recover from D. prepare for 39. A. ignoring B. isolating C. imitating D. identifying 40. A. response B. review C. relief D. reserve 41. A. integration B. regulation C. modification D. interruption 42. A. conflicting B. confusing C. convincing D. comforting 43. A. offender B. stranger C. sponsor D. partner 44. A. feedback B. resource C. inquiry D. evidence 45. A. equally B. eagerly C. exactly D. extremely 【答案】31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. A 41. B 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了5个应对网络欺凌和在线骚扰等数字信息空间侮辱行为的办法。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当它在共享的数字空间被武器化，针对其他人时，同样的策略可能会变成伤害性行为，如网络欺凌和在线骚扰。A. stored储存的；B. shared共用的；C. shifted被转移的；D. secured获得的。结合常识和第三段“In the digital age, what we share can become 　4　.”可知，数字信息空间是人们共用的(shared)公 共空间。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：被骂、被侮辱或被欺负并不是什么新鲜事。A. local当地的；B. true真实的；C. easy容易的；D. new新的。结合常识可知，欺凌和被欺凌行为一直存在，并不是新鲜事。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但互联网强化和永久记录这些信息的能力却是这样。A. document记录；B. define 给……下定义；C. distract使分心；D. dominate统治。结合常识可知，the Internet可以永久记录(document)信息。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在数字时代，我们分享的东西可以一直存在。A. internal内部的；B. relevant相关的；C. permanent永久的，一直存在的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据第二段“But the Internet's ability to strengthen and permanently　3　those messages is.”可知，在数字信息时代，人们分享的东西会一直存在。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：网络安全专家南希·威拉德说，这也是向他人展示自己的一种方式。A. presenting展示；B. adjusting调整；C. restricting限制；D. devoting致力于。根据下文“what your social media footprint says about you.”可知，人们在数字信息空间的分享会反映自己的情况，也是一种对自己的展示。故选A项。 【36题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：简而言之，考虑一下你的社交媒体足迹反映了你什么。A. In contrast相反；B. In short简言之；C. In fact事实上；D. In the end最后。根据语境可知，“consider what your social media footprint says about you.”是对前文的总结。故选B项。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当你发布一些东西的时候，(问问自己)，“它反映了那些品质吗?”。A. printing打印；B. piling堆放；C. posting发布，上传；D. passing传递。根据上文可知，Nancy Willard认为人们在数字信息空间的分享会反映自己的情况，所以在发布(post)东西前要想清楚是否能达到自己想要的效果，是否能反映出那些自己想要展示的品质。故选C项。 【38题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：相反，父母应该考虑帮助他们的孩子提前做好准备。A. substitute for代替；B. appeal to呼吁；C. recover from恢复；D. prepare for为……准备。根据下文“Given them a situation,”和“to just practice those skills of 　9　or making a joke of it.”可知，Justin建议父母要让孩子提前练习，提前做准备。故选D项。 【39题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“给他们一个情境，”他说，“练习无视或拿它开玩笑的技巧。”。A. ignoring忽视；B. isolating使隔离；C. imitating模仿；D. identifying识别。根据“making a joke of it”可推知，面对网络欺凌时，Justin的建议是不要太在意，可以选择无视它或者拿它开玩笑。故选A项。 【40题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你心烦意乱，要意识到你大脑中的“威胁反应中心”已经占据了主导地位。A. response反应；B. review复习；C. relief缓解；D. reserve预订。结合常识可知，生气意味着我们会对威胁作出反应，大脑中“威胁反应中心”开始起作用。故选A项。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，当这种情况发生时，你的情绪管理和思维中心就会离线。A. integration结合；B. regulation管理；C. modification修改；D. interruption打断。根据上文“the threat　10　centre of your brain has taken over”和 “thinking centres go offline”可推知，生气时情绪管理(regulation)和思维就会下线，失控。故选B项。 【42题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样整个经历在情感上对你来说就不会那么困惑了。A. conflicting相矛盾的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. convincing令人信服的；D. comforting令人欣慰的。根据上文可知，心理学家Sherry建议换位思考，这样当被贬低时，这件事情就不会那么令人感到困惑(confusing)。故选B项。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：屏蔽冒犯者。A. offender冒犯者；B. stranger陌生人；C. sponsor资助者；D. partner合伙人。根据“Blocking”可知，要屏蔽的是网络欺凌者，冒犯别人的人。故选A项。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这些行为确实从一次伤害性的冒犯升级为反复的、长期的骚扰，有了这些证据会有所帮助。A. feedback反馈；B. resource资源；C. inquiry调查；D. evidence证明。根据上文“Taking screenshots. Saving message threads.”可知，作者建议留下证据。故选D项。 【45题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当当局能够清楚地看到正在发生的事情时，他们就更容易介入。A. equally平等地；B. eagerly急切地；C. exactly确切地；D. extremely极度。结合上文和常识可知，作者建议留下证据，这样做的目的是在必要的时候让别人确切地(exactly)看到发生了什么。故选C项。 Section B (22%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fit s best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A 47-year-old Frenchman had an unfortunate experience while walking around Cannes. Here he is to tell us all about it. The Black Hole I work in the philosophy department at the university. Just last week, I had some drinks with some friends in a bar. After a few glasses of wine, but not too many, mind you, I felt. It was about six in the evening, and it was starting to get dark. It had been raining heavily the past few days, but that night it was pleasant so I decided to walk home. However, I'd just turned the corner into my street when all of a sudden, "whoosh", I fell down an uncovered manhole. Flying It was an incredible experience. It was as if I was flying through the air. I could feel the cold, wet sides of the drain. Eventually my back was rubbing along the side, until "splash", I fell into a pool of running water. A Water Ride Now I was moving quite fast. The current was very strong — I guess it was because of all the heavy rain that had flooded the drain. Luckily the water wasn't very deep so I could keep my head above water. There was nothing I could do, so I lay back, with my hands behind my head, as if I was on slide in a water park, and just let myself go. It was quite pleasant really, except for the occasional mouthful of sickening water, and a horrible smell. When was it going to end? I was about to find out. The End of the Ordeal All of a sudden, I could see a light at the end of the tunnel. It started off quite small, but then it got bigger and bigger. A few seconds later I was shot up violently out of the drain, and onto the beach, right below the luxurious Majestic Hotel. I lay there for a few second, shaken, but unharmed. Then I picked myself up, walked up to the hotel and told them what had happened. Of course, at first it was hard to convince them that this dirty, wet middle-aged man with a horrible smell on him was in fact a dignified university professor. Anyway, they eventually believed me and allowed me to clean myself in one of the rooms. Recovery Miraculously, I was uninjured after my 30-minutes ride. I am currently in the process of charging the local council with failing to warn the public about the unmarked manhole. Meanwhile, the town mayor has blamed "unusually strong rain fall" for the situation. 46. Why did the man fall into to manhole? A. He was walking too fast. B. He had drunk too much wine. C. The manhole was uncovered. D. The heavy rain blocked his vision. 47. The underlined word "ordeal" probably means________. A. suffering B. spinning C. overflow D. offence 48. What can be learned about the man? A. He blamed his misfortune on the unusually heavy rain. B. He was lucky enough to ge spotted by a hotel employee. C. He had to swim against the strong current to survive. D. He is engaged in a legal case against the local authorities. 49. Which of the following is the best title for the article? A. A Frenchman's Night Encounter B. A Ride down the Drain C. Watch out for Hidden Dangers D. Defend One's Dignity in Tough Situations 【答案】46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是应用文。文章讲述了47岁的法国大学教授在晚上回家途中掉进地面的检修孔，在下水道里顺水漂流半个小时的不幸遭遇。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“However, I'd just turned the corner into my street when all of a sudden, "whoosh", I fell down an uncovered manhole.(然而，我刚拐进我住的那条街，突然，“嗖”的一声，我掉进了一个没有盖的下水道)”可知，下水道的检修孔没有盖上，所以他掉了下去。故选C项。 【47题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“All of a sudden, I could see a light at the end of the tunnel.(突然间，我在隧道尽头看到了一线亮光)”、“A few seconds later I was shot up violently out of the drain, and onto the beach, right below the luxurious Majestic Hotel.(几秒钟后，我从下水道里被猛烈地喷了出来，落到海滩上，就在豪华的Majestic酒店的正下方)”和“Of course, at first it was hard to convince them that this dirty, wet middle-aged man with a horrible smell on him was in fact a dignified university professor.(当然，一开始很难让他们相信，这个脏兮兮、湿漉漉、身上散发着难闻气味的中年男子实际上是一位高贵的大学教授)”可知，本段描写了他如何从下肮脏的下水道脱身，结束了可怕的下水道漂流，所以小标题“The End of the Ordeal”中的ordeal是指“在下水道漂流的痛苦”，suffering与其词义相近，表示“痛苦”。故选A项。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“I am currently in the process of charging the local council with failing to warn the public about the unmarked manhole.(我现在正在起诉地方议会没有提醒公众注意未标记的下水道)”可知，他正在起诉地方议会。故选D项。 【49题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了47岁的法国大学教授在晚上回家途中掉进地面的检修孔，在下水道里顺水漂流半个小时的不幸遭遇，故B项“A Ride down the Drain(下水道漂流)”是最佳标题。故选B项。 (B) ADOPTION CRITERIA: • Adopters are required to pay a $750 adoption fee at the time of adoption. • Interested adopters and their families must be willing to travel, at their own expense, to our San Rafael. California campus within a week of being notified by our Dog Placement office that a potentially suitable dog is available. In particular, children under the age of 10 need to accompany their parents, to ensure the dog will be a good family match. • It is strongly recommended that any dog already in the household also come to the campus to meet the new dog on neutral ground and to improve the likelihood of a smooth transition. • Adopters must be willing to do the following: ☆ Purchase an extra large size container for use in the transition to the new home. ☆ Attend dog training classes appropriate to the temperament of the new dog. Career change dogs often need further training or behavior modification. ☆ Have either a fully fenced area or kennel run at least five feet in height A fence check will be performed prior to any dog going home. A fence check will not be performed until and unless a suitable dog is available. ADOPTION RPOCESS If you meet the adoption criteria, the steps in the application are easy. 1. Complete the online application (link below). 2. If we have questions or need further information from you, we will contact you by phone. The volume of applications we receive does not permit responses to individual inquiries about the status of an application. Applicants not selected for adoption consideration will be notified by letter. 3. We will contact you by phone if and when we have a dog that may be suitable for you. At that time, you’ll receive a detailed description of the dog, including the reason it was career changed form the program, what it was like in the puppy raising home, what its current needs are, etc. 4. We will arrange an appointment for you to come to our campus and meet the dog. It typically takes about two hours to show a dog. If all parties agree that it looks like a good match, the paperwork is done, adoption fee paid and the dog can go home at that time. 50. The Smiths who have a 4-year-old child and a Labrador Retriever should________. A. keep the retriever isolated from the adopted dog B. pay $750 for the vet checkup, travel and accommodation C. keep in touch with Dog Placement office beforehand D. introduced the dog to the child on a neutral and familiar territory 51. What is the precondition for having a career change dog? A. Behavior adaptation or discipline. B. A spacious apartment or house. C. Familiarity with dog breeds. D. Knowledge of career change program. 52. Adoption is based on the principle that ________. A. first come, first served B. suitability matters C. customer comes first D. quality is the cornerstone 【答案】50. C 51. A 52. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了收养狗的一些须知。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“California campus within a week of being notified by our Dog Placement office that a potentially suitable dog is available.”（在收到我们的狗安置办公室的通知后一周内，在加利福尼亚大学校园内将提供一只潜在的合适的狗）由此可知，史密斯家有一个4岁的孩子和一只拉布拉多猎犬，他们应该事先与狗安置办公室取得联系。故选C项。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“Career change dogs often need further training or behavior modification.”（职业转换犬通常需要进一步的训练或行为调整。）由此可知，拥有一只职业转换犬的前提条件是它的行为适应或行为符合准则。故选A项。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“We will contact you by phone if and when we have a dog that may be suitable for you.”（如果我们有适合您的狗，我们将通过电话与您联系）由此可知，收养基于适合的原则。故选B项。 (C) The candidate longing for election to the highest office in the United States must be native-born American citizen who is at least 35 years old and who has lived in the United States for at least 14 years. The election course is complicated, and the road to the Oval Office is long. Potential candidates must present papers stating their intention to seek their party's recommendation; delegates then choose from among those running some months later at the national conferences. Before that, however, each state holds a primary election that determines how the state's votes want the party's delegates to vote. Methods of choosing the delegates vary from state to state. At the conferences, there are speeches and often heated discussions. It may take several rounds of voting before delegates can agree on a candidate. On the final day of the meeting, the presidential candidate announces his or her choice for vice president. Election Day, by law, is the Tuesday that follows the first Monday in November. On this day, registered votes may cast their votes for president, vice president, and candidates for other federal, state, and local offices. The popular vote, however, does not determine who will be president. The president is chosen by a vote of the Electoral College, a group of 538 citizens from the 50 states and the District of Columbia who are chosen to cast votes for the president and vice president. The rules for choosing electors, as with the delegates, vary. Each state also decides whether its electoral votes must reflect the popular vote. The number of electors in each state is determined by the number of representatives and senators that a state sends to Congress and, therefore, may change every 10 years, depending on the results of the United States census. The winner must get at least 270 of the electoral votes when the Electoral College meets in December of the electron year. The election results are not official, however, until the following January, when Congress meets in a joint conference to count the electoral votes. At the end of the road to the Oval Office is the swearing-in ceremony, at which the new or reelected president takes the oath of office on January 20. 53. Which of the following is not a requirement for candidates for the presidency of the USA? A. Minimum age of thirty-five years old. B. Previous experience in an elective office. C. Native of the United States of America. D. Bottom residency of fourteen years in the States. 54. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Election results are not authorized until the first month of the coming year. B. Ways to select the delegates of each state are very much the same in the USA. C. The successful presidential candidate wins a maximum number of electoral votes. D. A party's potential candidate is chosen months before its national conference is held. 55. We can conclude from the passage that ________. A. the candidate who wins the popular vote will be the winner of the election B. the electors don't have the right to vote against their registered voters' will C. the presidents of the United States are theoretically picked by the citizens directly D. the change of a state's population barely has effect on the presidential election 56. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Various Ways of Presidential Election in the USA B. The Qualifications for Being the president of the USA C. The Rules for Choosing Presidential Candidates in the USA D. The Process of the Election for the President of the USA 【答案】53. B 54. D 55. C 56. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国总统的选举过程。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The candidate longing for election to the highest office in the United States must be native-born American citizen who is at least 35 years old and who has lived in the United States for at least 14 years.(渴望当选美国最高职位的候选人必须是土生土长的美国公民，年龄在35岁以上，并在美国居住了至少14年)”可知，在选举职位上的经验不是美国总统候选人的必备条件。故选B。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Potential candidates must present papers stating their intention to seek their party's recommendation; delegates then choose from among those running some months later at the national conferences.(潜在的候选人必须提交文件，表明他们寻求该党推荐的意图；然后代表们从几个月后参加全国大会的候选人中进行选择)”可知，D选项“一个政党的潜在候选人在全国大会召开前几个月被选中”正确。故选D。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The president is chosen by a vote of the Electoral College, a group of 538 citizens from the 50 states and the District of Columbia who are chosen to cast votes for the president and vice president.( 总统是由选举人团投票选出的，选举人团由来自50个州和哥伦比亚特区的538名公民组成，他们被选为总统和副总统)”可推知，美国总统理论上是由公民直接选出的。故选C。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The candidate longing for election to the highest office in the United States must be native-born American citizen who is at least 35 years old and who has lived in the United States for at least 14 years. The election course is complicated, and the road to the Oval Office is long.(渴望当选美国最高职位的候选人必须是土生土长的美国公民，年龄在35岁以上，并在美国居住了至少14年。选举过程很复杂，通往椭圆形办公室的道路很长)”结合文章主要介绍了美国总统的选举过程。可知，D选项“美国总统的选举过程”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Section C (8%) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Not All Waste Has to Go to Waste Most of the world’s 2.22 billion tons of annual trash ends up in landfills or open dumps. Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist and engineer at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. There little trash processors — some as small as 500 square feet — house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with the new technology. ___57___ Sahajwalla launched the world’s first waste micro factory targeting electronic waste, or e-waste, in 2018 in Sydney. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented microfactory technology. ___58___ The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission treks between recycling processors and manufacturing plants. With a microfactory, gone are the days of needing separate facilities to collect and store materials, extract elements and produce new products. ___59___ Her invention evolves this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. “The kids don’t look like the parents,” she says. For example, the microfactory can break down old smartphones and computer monitors and extract silica (from the glass) and carbon (from the plastic casing), and then combine them together. This generates a common material with many industrial uses. ___60___ In 2019, just 17.4 percent of e-waste was recycled, so they ability to re-form offers a crucial new development in the challenge recycling complex electronic devices. “We can do so much more with materials,” says Sahajwalla. A. Traditional recycling has not worked for every recycling challenge, especially the recycling of e-waste. B. She says the small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants. C. Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R”, adding “re-form” to the common phrase “reduce, rouse, recycle.” D. Electronics contains various poisonous chemicals and materials that are released into the environments if they are not dealt with properly. E. The new all-in-one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust. F. Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products — like melting down plastic to make more plastic things. 【答案】57. E 58. B 59. F 60. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Veena Sahajwalla发明的废物微工厂，可解决大量垃圾问题，还阐述了其优势、工作原理及在电子废物回收方面的重要意义等。 【57题详解】 根据上文“Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist and engineer at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. There little trash processors — some as small as 500 square feet — house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with the new technology.(澳大利亚悉尼新南威尔士大学的材料科学家兼工程师Veena Sahajwalla为我们庞大的垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：废物微工厂。这些小型垃圾处理器（有些小至500平方英尺）装有一系列机器，这些机器利用新技术回收废物并将其转化为新材料)”可知，此处是在介绍废物微工厂这种一体化的回收流程，可推理出下文说的是这种一体化流程比传统方式的优势之处，与E项“The new all-in-one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust.(这种新的一体化方法可能会让我们现有的回收流程相形见绌)”表达的意思一致，故选E项。 【58题详解】 根据上文“Sahajwalla launched the world’s first waste micro factory targeting electronic waste, or e-waste, in 2018 in Sydney. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented microfactory technology.(Sahajwalla于2018年在悉尼启动了世界上第一个针对电子废物（即电子垃圾）的废物微工厂。第二个工厂于2019年开始回收塑料。现在，她的实验室小组正在与大学和行业合作伙伴合作，将其专利微工厂技术商业化)”以及下文“The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission treks between recycling processors and manufacturing plants.(这种方法还将使城市能够在当地将废物回收制成新产品，避免了回收加工商和制造工厂之间漫长的、通常是跨国的、高排放的长途跋涉)”可知，本段提到Sahajwalla的微工厂，且空后also证明了这个微工厂的另一个好处，因此，空处应提到微工厂的好处，B项“She says the small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants.(她说，这些机器的小型化将使它们未来更容易使用可再生能源，这与大多数大型制造工厂不同)”说明微工厂的的好处之一，承上启下，符合语境，故选B项。 【59题详解】 根据下文“Her invention evolves this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. (她的发明通过从旧产品中提取材料并创造出不同的东西来发展这一理念)”可知，这里是在说明传统的回收方式与Sahajwalla的发明的不同之处，可推理出空处说的是传统的回收工厂的回收方法的特点，F项“Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products — like melting down plastic to make more plastic things.(传统上，回收工厂将材料分解以便在类似产品中重复使用——比如熔化塑料来制造更多塑料制品)”说明传统的回收方法，与下文形成对比，符合语境，故选F项。 【60题详解】 根据上文“For example, the microfactory can break down old smartphones and computer monitors and extract silica (from the glass) and carbon (from the plastic casing), and then combine them together. This generates a common material with many industrial uses.(例如，微工厂可以分解旧智能手机和电脑显示器，从玻璃中提取二氧化硅，从塑料外壳中提取碳，然后将它们组合在一起。这产生了一种有许多工业用途的常见材料)”可知，这里在举例说明微工厂的回收过程，它的特点是重新生成了一种有许多工业用途的常见材料，C项“Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R”, adding “re-form” to the common phrase “reduce, rouse, recycle.”(Sahajwalla将这一过程称为“第四个R”，在常见的“减少、唤醒、回收”短语中加入了“重新形成”)”是对前面的例子的总结归纳，符合语境，故选C项。 IV. Translation: (3+4+4+4+5=20%) 61. 有钱也不一定能接受良好的教育。（access）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Being wealthy doesn’t necessarily mean having access to a good education. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词，动词短语和非谓语动词。表示“有钱”应用be wealthy，此处应用动名词形式作主语，句首单词首字母大写。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，表示“不一定能”可理解为“不一定意味着”，译为doesn’t necessarily mean。“接受”可理解为“有机会使用”，可用access构成的短语have access to，动词mean后接动名词形式作宾语，mean doing意为“意味着做某事”，故have用动名词形式having。表示“良好的教育”应用a good education。故翻译为Being wealthy doesn’t necessarily mean having access to a good education.。 62. 不是超群的智力，而是不断的努力和坚定的信念促使了个人的成功。（contributor）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is not exceptional intelligence, but constant efforts and unwavering belief that are the contributors to personal success. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和短语。此处为强调句：it is+被强调部分+that/who+其他，表示“不是……而是……”句型为not…but…；表示“超群智力”为exceptional intelligence；表示“不断的努力和坚定的信念”应用constant efforts and unwavering belief，not exceptional intelligence, but constant efforts and unwavering belief为被强调部分，故用that；表示“促使了个人的成功”可用be the contributors to personal success。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为It is not exceptional intelligence, but constant efforts and unwavering belief that are the contributors to personal success. 63. 虽然患上了严重的心脏病，他还是勇敢地面对挑战。（suffer）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although suffering from a serious heart condition, he faced the challenge bravely. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句的省略和动词短语。表示“虽然”应用although引导让步状语从句，状语从句和主句的主语相同，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。表示“患（病）”应用动词短语suffer from，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式。表示“严重的心脏病”应用a serious heart condition，表示“面对”应用动词face，表示“挑战”应用名词challenge，表示“勇敢地”应用副词bravely，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为Although suffering from a serious heart condition, he faced the challenge bravely. 64. 互动式的语言教学方式被认为对于学生的交流技巧有所影响。(difference)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The interactive language teaching method is believed to make a difference to students’ communication skills. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“互动式的语言教学方式”应用the interactive language teaching method，作主语；表示“被认为”短语为be believed to；表示“对……有影响”短语为make a difference to；表示“学生的交流技巧”翻译为students’ communication skills。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为The interactive language teaching method is believed to make a difference to students’ communication skills. 65. 直到这个岛上的居民全部被转移到其他地区，人们才意识到所有人都成了全球变暖的受害者。(It) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It was not until all the residents on this island were relocated to other areas that people realized everyone had become the victim of global warming. 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句、时间状语从句、宾语从句、名词、动词（短语）和形容词。句子在描述过去发生的事情，基础时态应用一般过去时；“直到……才……”可用强调句型it was not until… that…表示，强调时间状语，句首单词首字母大写；until引导的时间状语从句中主语“这个岛上的居民全部”可理解为“这个岛上的全部居民”，可用名词短语all the residents on this island，为复数，“被转移到”可用动词短语relocate… to…的被动式，be动词用were，“其他地区”可用名词短语other areas；主句的主语“人们”可用名词people，谓语“意识到”可用动词realized；“所有人都成了全球变暖的受害者”是realized的内容，可用that引导名词性从句作其宾语，且that可省略，从句中主语“所有人”可用代词everyone，系动词“成了”可用become，成为全球变暖受害者的状态发生在人们意识到这一点之前，故时态应用过去完成时had become，表语“全球变暖的受害者”可用名词短语the victim of global warming。故可译为：It was not until all the residents on this island were relocated to other areas that people realized everyone had become the victim of global warming. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$