Unit1 重点单词短语句型专练-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册重难点提优训练（人教版）

2024-2025学年八年级英语下册重难点提优训练（人教版） Unit1 重点单词短语句型专练 1、 翻译单词。 1． (n.) 问题；事情 (v.) 要紧；有重大影响 ★ 怎么了？ 没关系。 2． (adj.) 疼痛的；酸痛的 3． (n.) 头痛 ★ 头痛 4． (n.) 胃痛；腹痛 ★ 胃痛 5． (n.) 胃；腹部 6． (n.) 牙痛 ★ 牙痛 7． (n.) 咽喉；喉咙 ★ 咽喉痛 8． (n.) 发烧 ★ (高)烧 9． (n. & v.) 咳嗽 ★ 咳嗽 10． (n.) 脚；足 → (pl.) ★ 步行 11． (n.) 颈；脖子 12．lie① （v.）躺；平躺；存在；处于 → （过去式） → （过去分词） → （现在分词） ★ 躺下 ②(v.) 说谎(n.)谎言 → （过去式/过去分词） → （现在分词） ★ 说谎 13． (v. & n.) 放松；休息(n.) 其余的部分 ★ 休息 14． (n.) X 射线；X 光 ★ 照X光 15． (n.) 间歇；休息(v.) (使) 破；裂；碎；损坏 → (过去式) → (过去分词) → (adj.) 破损的；残缺的 ★ 发生故障 爆发 打碎；破碎 休息 16． (v.) (使)疼痛；受伤 → （过去式/过去分词） 17． (n.)乘客；旅客 18． (adv. & prep.) 离开（某处）；不工作；从……去掉 ★ 下车 切除 19． (prep.) 向；朝 20． (n.) 问题；苦恼 ★ 制造麻烦 处于困境中 惹上麻烦；陷入困境 在做某事方面有麻烦 21． (v.) (用手或器具)击；打 → (过去式/过去分词) → (现在分词) 22． (pron.) (she 的反身代词) 她自己 23． (v.) 压；挤；按新 → (n.) 压力 24． (adj.) 生病的；有病的 ★ 感觉不舒服 25． (n.) 膝；膝盖 26． (pron.) (we 的反身代词) 我们自己 27． (n.) 登山者；攀登者 28． (n. & v.) 危险；风险；冒险 ★ 冒险 某人冒着生命危险 冒险做某事 29． (n.) (交通)事故；意外遭遇新 ★ 偶然地；意外地 30． (n.)情况；状况 ★ 困境 31． (= kilogram) (n.)千克；公斤 32． (n.)岩石；摇滚乐 33． (n.)刀 → (pl.) 34． (n.)血 35． (v.) 意思是；打算；意欲 → (过去式/过去分词) → (n.)意义；意思 → (adj.)有意义的 → (adj.)毫无意义的；意思不明确的 ★ 打算做某事 意味着做某事 36． (n.)重要性；重要 → (adj.)重要的 37． (n.)决定；抉择 ★ 做决定 38． (n. & v.) 限制；约束；管理 ★ 掌管；管理 39． (n.)勇气；意志 40． (n.)死；死亡 新 → (adj.) 死的；失去生命的 41． (n.) 护士 2、 翻译短语。 1． 感冒 2． 背疼 3． 流鼻血 4． 看牙医 5． 量体温 6． 听起来像 7． 再三考虑 8． 陷入；参与 9． 用尽；耗尽 10． 离开；从……出来 11． 放弃 名词短语 12． 心脏问题 13． 健康问题 形容词短语 14． 对……感兴趣 介词短语 15． 以同样的方式 16． 使某人惊讶的是；出乎某人的意料 17． 及时 18． 靠某人自己 19． 左右为难；进退两难 其他短语 20． 立即；马上 21． 太多（修饰不可数名词） 三、单项选择。 1．—What’s the matter? —I have stomachache. Maybe I have eaten ________ tonight. A．too much B．too many C．much too D．many too 2．Tom and Jenny enjoyed ________ playing computer games. A．himself B．herself C．ourselves D．themselves 3．I’ve ________ out of food and water. What should I do? A．run B．gone C．come D．walked 4．—How is your English study? —Not bad. But I _______ learning English grammar. A．am interested in B．am good at C．have a little trouble D．have no trouble 5．When I walked past the playground, I saw many boys ________ basketball. A．play B．played C．playing D．are playing 6．________ our surprise, we got twice as many people to attend the meeting as we expected. A．As B．To C．By D．In 7．—It’s too hard for me to be a trail walker. —Never ______________ . Believe in yourself! A．put up B．give up C．hurry up D．look up 8．Everyone was too afraid to go into the room because the fire was out of ________. A．control B．danger C．order D．trouble 9．I mean ______ a class meeting on Monday afternoon. A．have B．to have C．having D．to having 10．—What happened to him? —Oh, he ________ off his bike and ________ his legs. A．falls；hurts B．fell；hurt C．felt；hurt D．fell；hurts 11．The chance is rare(罕见的) for you. You shouldn’t ________. A．give up it B．give up them C．give it up D．give them up 12．________ our surprise, the little boy went back home by himself. A．At B．In C．To D．For 13．He eats ________ food, so he is ________ fat. A．much too; too much B．much too; many too C．too much; much too D．too much; many too 14．—________ the policeman, the doctors saved the man ________ time. —Oh, that meant ________ a man’s life. A．Thanks for; in; to save B．Thanking; at; to lose C．Thanks to; in; saving D．Thanks to; on; losing 15．—What’s _________ matter with you? —I have _________ stomachache. A．/; / B．/; the C．the; a 16．—Jim! ________ the bus until it stops. —Sure, Mom. A．get off B．put off C．turn off D．get up 17．________ the kind driver, the old man was saved by the doctors. A．Thanks for B．Thanks to C．Thank you for D．Thanks 18．When I came to see Jim, I saw him ________ in the bed. A．lying B．is lying C．was lying D．lie 19．—What’s the matter with Mike? —He got hit ________ ⁠the head. A．in B．on C．at D．with 20．Jack talked ________ at the meeting. So he has a very sore throat now. A．too much B．much too C．too many D．many too 四、根据汉语提示、首字母或句意写出单词。 1．He is in (麻烦). Let's do something to help him out. 2．Look! There is a ring around the dog's （脖子）． 3．Suddenly he fell down from the tree and (受伤) his legs. It seemed that he couldn't move. 4．My mother asked us to stop walking to （休息）for a while. 5．When the old man got on the bus, a (乘客) stood up and offered his seat to him. 6．My mother had a (咳嗽) and I took her to hospital. 7．I don't feel well. I have a （头痛）． 8．Lisa had a sore (喉咙) and she needed to drink much water. 9．Most animals have four （脚）． 10．I think you should take your （体温）first. 11．If you cut yourself, you should put a b on the cut. 12．My little sister cut her (膝盖) just now. She is crying. 13．Don’t stand in the sun for too long, or you’ll have a n . 14．Mr. Black (受 伤) his back when he worked. 15．Jack got h on the head by a soccer ball. 16．There was a car a caused by ice on the road. 17．The scientist's (死) made us sad. 18．He is a mountain climber. He likes taking r . 19．Playing this game (意味着) wasting time. 20．They have made a (决定) to build a big factory here. 21．My sister is a n . She often helps the sick in hospital. 22．When he knew what happened, he began to lose b . 23．Though the brave young man died, his s will always live in our heart. 24．Just now my mother told me the i of learning English. 25．I don't know what to do in this terrible s . Can you help me? 26．Betty, ( take) a walk with me. 27．He (hurt) his leg and couldn’t move. 28．My teacher told me (not speak) Chinese in English class. 29．You should take some (medicine). 30．Jim got (hit) on the head. 31．How many (kilo) of cabbages do you need? 32．We enjoyed (we) at the party last night. 33．Ben hurt his both (knee) when he played basketball yesterday. 34．Julie always feels very sad when she is thinking of her grandpa’s (die). 35．Is it better to listen to others’ advice than to make a (decide) on one’s own? 36．He went out without (say) a word. 37．I have trouble (work) out the math problem. 38．She never thinks about (she), and she only thinks about (help) the people in need. 39．An old man was sitting on the ground, (call) for help. 40．His parents agreed (take) him to Shanghai Disneyland tomorrow. 41．They (decision) to spend their summer vacation together. 42．After running for a long time, his (breathe) sounds heavy. 43．Andrew often does DIY with different (knife) in his free time. 44．In order to keep healthy, you shouldn’t (eat) too many hamburgers. 45．An old man (fall) down and couldn’t get up, so I quickly ran up to help him. 46．Mike hurt himself when (play) tennis with his best friend Linda yesterday. 47．We should learn to be responsible for (us), not always waiting to be pushed. 48．There were three people in the car—two (passenger) and a driver. 五、完成句子。 1．莉莉刚刚在医院量了体温，还拍了X光片。 Lily and in the hospital just now. 2．昨天我感冒了，医生告诉我要躺下休息。 I yesterday and the doctor told me to . 3．我割伤了自己，妈妈帮我把药涂在伤口上。 I cut myself. My mother helped me the cut. 4．如果你喉咙痛，你可以喝一些热水。 If you , you can drink some hot water. 5．昨晚他发烧了。他的母亲整晚在照顾他。 He last night. His mother took care of him all night. 6．这位医生没有考虑他自己。他只想着挽救那个病人。 The doctor didn’t think about himself. He only that patient. 7．当我路过时，我看见她正躺在床上。 I in bed when I passed by. 8．多亏了互联网，我可以在特殊的日子里为妈妈订购漂亮的礼物。 the Internet, I can order nice gifts for my mom on special days. 9．让我们吃惊的是，他一言不发就下车了。 , he   the bus without a word. 10．我要浏览一下报纸，看看昨天发生了什么事。 I will look through the newspaper to see yesterday. 11．我妹妹今天早上感冒了。 My sister this morning. 12．露西做完工作后，就躺下了。 After Lucy finished working, she . 13．有的学生下课后从来不休息。 Some students never after class. 14．他胃痛，所以他没有去上学。 He , so he didn’t go to school. 15．进入商场前，你需要量体温。 You need to before getting into the mall. 16．这些书太有趣了，孩子无法停止阅读。 (完成译句) These books are interesting the children can’t stop reading them. 17．多亏了“双减”政策，学生们可以更好地利用他们的课余时间。 the double reduction policy, students can put their free time to good use. 18．阿伦习惯于冒险。 Aron is used to . 19．我的钱刚刚用完了。你能借我一些吗？   My money just now. Could you lend me some? 20．无论何时当你遇到挑战，都不要放弃! Whenever you face challenges, don’t _________ ! 参考答案 一、 1． matter What’s the matter? It doesn’t matter. 2．sore 3． headache have a headache 4． stomachache have a stomachache 5．stomach 6． toothache have a toothache 7． throat have a sore throat 8． fever have a (high) fever 9． cough have a cough 10． foot feet on foot 11．neck 12． lie lay lain lying lie down lied lying tell a lie/tell lies 13． rest have a rest 14． X-ray get an X-ray 15． break broke broken broken break down break out break up take a break/take breaks/have a break/have breaks 16． hurt hurt 17．passenger 18． off get off cut off 19．onto 20． trouble make trouble (be) in trouble get into trouble have trouble (in) doing sth. 21． hit hit hitting 22．herself 23． press pressure 24． sick feel sick 25．knee 26．ourselves 27．climber 28． risk take a risk/take risks risk one’s life risk doing sth. 29． accident by accident 30． situation difficult situation 31．kilo 32．rock 33． knife knives 34．blood 35． mean meant meaning meaningful meaningless mean to do sth. mean doing sth. 36． importance important 37． decision make a decision/make decisions 38． control be in control 39．spirit 40． death dead 41．Nurse 二、 1．have a cold 2．have a sore back 3．have a nosebleed 4．see a dentist 5．take one’s temperature 6．sound like 7．think twice 8．get into 9．run out (of) 10．get out of 11．give up 12．heart problem 13．health problem 14．be interested in 15．in the same way 16．to one’s surprise 17．in time 18．by oneself/on one’s own 19．between a rock and a hard place 20．right away/at once 21．too much 三、 1．A 【详解】句意：——怎么啦？——我胃痛。可能今晚我吃的太多了。 考查短语辨析。too much太多，后接不可数名词；too many太多，后接可数名词复数；much too太，非常，后接形容词或副词；many too错误搭配。根据“eaten”可知是吃太多食物了，指代不可数名词，用too much。故选A。 2．D 【详解】句意：汤姆和珍妮玩电脑游戏玩得很开心。 考查反身代词。himself他自己；herself她自己；ourselves我们自己；themselves他们自己。主语是Tom and Jenny，表第三人称复数含义，与之相对应的反身代词是themselves。故选D。 3．A 【详解】句意：我的食物和水都用完了。我该怎么办？ 考查动词辨析。run跑；go去；come来；walk散步。根据“out of food and water.”可知，此处是指用完了食物和水。run out of“用完，耗尽”，是固定短语，此处是现在完成时，run的过去分词还是run。故选A。 4．C 【详解】句意：——你的英语学习怎么样？——不错。但是我学习英语语法有点困难。 考查短语辨析。am interested in对……感兴趣；am good at擅长；have a little trouble doing做某事有点困难；have no trouble doing做某事没困难。根据“Not bad. But I...learning English grammar.”可知，but表转折，其前后句表达的是相反的意思，由此可知此处是学习英语语法有点困难。故选C。 5．C 【详解】句意：当我走过操场时，我看到许多男孩在打篮球。 考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事”；see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。根据“When I walked past the playground”可知此处表示经过时看到许多男孩正在打篮球，用playing。故选C。 6．B 【详解】句意：令我们惊讶的是，我们参加会议的人数是我们预期的两倍。 考查介词辨析和介词短语。As作为；To到；By借助；In在……里面。to one’s surprise“使某人惊讶的是”，是固定短语。故选B。 7．B 【详解】句意：——对于我来说成为一个徒步旅行者很难。——不要放弃。相信你自己！ 考查动词短语。 put up举起，建造，张贴；give up放弃；hurry up赶快；look up向上看，查阅。根据句意，对方是在说鼓励的话，所以是“不要放弃”，故选B。 8．A 【详解】句意：因为大火失去控制，每个人都太害怕而不进入这个房间。 考查名词辨析。control控制；danger危险；order命令；trouble麻烦。结合语境“Everyone was too afraid to go into the room”可知，这里是指“out of control失控”。故选A。 9．B 【详解】句意：我打算在星期一的下午开一次班会。 考查非谓语动词的用法。mean to do sth意为“打算做某事”；而mean doing sth意为“意味着”；故选B。 10．B 【详解】句意：——他发生什么事了？——哦，他从自行车上摔下来，伤了腿。 考查动词时态。fall跌落，过去式是fell；feel感觉，过去式是felt；hurt受伤，过去式是hurt。根据“off his bike”可知，此处指从自行车上摔下来。根据问句中的happened可知，答语用动词过去式，故选B。 11．C 【详解】句意：这个机会对你来说实属罕有。你不应该放弃它。 考查介词短语的用法。give up是“动词+介词”型短语，代词作宾语时应放在give和up之间，空处指代chance，是单数形式，用it代替。故选C。 12．C 【详解】句意：令我们惊讶的是，小男孩自己回家了。 考查固定搭配。to one’s surprise“令人惊讶的是”，是固定搭配。故选C。 13．C 【详解】句意：他吃太多食物，所以他太胖了。 考查形容词和副词短语。much too+形容词和副词，表示“太……”；too much+不可数名词，表示“太多……”；没有many too这种说说法。food在本句中是不可数名词，应用too much修饰；fat“胖的”，是形容词，应用much too修饰。故选C。 14．C 【详解】句意：——多亏了警察，医生们及时救了那个人。——哦，那意味着救了一个人的命。 考查动词短语辨析，介词辨析以及非谓语动词。thanks for因……而感谢；thanks to多亏。根据“the policeman, the doctors saved the man ”可知，第一空表示多亏了那个警察，所以应填Thanks to。in time及时；on time按时。根据“saved the man”可知，此处指及时救了那个人，所以第二空填in，且救了那个人意味着救了一个人的命，save“拯救”符合，故选C。 15．C 【详解】句意：——你怎么了？——我胃痛。 考查冠词用法。What’s the matter with sb“某人怎么了”，固定句式，have a stomachache“胃痛”，固定用法。故选C。 16．A 【详解】句意：——吉姆，直到公共汽车停下才可以下车。——好的，妈妈。 考查动词短语。get off下(车、马等)；put off推迟；turn off关闭；get up起床。根据“…the bus until it stops”可知是下车。故选A。 17．B 【详解】句意：多亏了那位好心的司机，这个老人被医生救活了。 考查介词短语。Thanks for为……而感谢；Thanks to幸亏；Thank you for为……感谢你；Thanks感谢，名词。根据语境可知，老人在司机的帮助下得救了，可推测此处是感谢那位司机，即多亏了那位好心的司机，thanks to sb表示“多亏了某人”。故选B。 18．A 【详解】句意：当我来看吉姆时，我看见他躺在床上。 考查非谓语。分析句子结构可知，此处应填一个非谓语动词，排除B、C选项；且根据“When I came to see Jim”可知，此处是在描述“我”来看吉姆时，吉姆正在做的事；see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人在做某事”，符合语境。故选A。 19．B 【详解】句意：——迈克怎么了？——他撞到头了。 考查介词辨析。in在……里；on在……上；at在；with和。根据“He got hit...the head”可知，get hit on the head “撞到头”。故选B。 20．A 【详解】句意：杰克在会上说了太多话。所以他现在喉咙很痛。 考查短语辨析。too much太多，作形容词短语修饰不可数名词或作为副词短语修饰动词；much too太，修饰形容词或副词；too many许多，修饰可数名词复数；many too错误搭配。根据“Jack talked ...”可知讲话太多，用too much修饰动词talked。故选A。 四、 【解析】1．句意：他有麻烦了。让我们做点什么来帮助他。 由语境和所给的汉语提示可知，应该填：trouble；trouble用作名词表示“烦恼”、“苦恼”等，通常是不可数名词。be in trouble：陷入困境。故答案为：trouble。 2．句意：看！狗的脖子上有个圈。 由语境和所给的汉语提示可知，应该填：neck；空前面的the dog's是指一只狗，因此后面的名词用单数形式。故答案为：neck。 3．句意：突然他从树上摔下来，伤了腿。他好像动不了。 由语境和所给的汉语提示可知，应该填：hurt；由前面的动词fell可知，该题的时态为一般过去时，因此后面的时态也用一般过去时，hurt的过去式为hurt。故答案为：hurt。 4．句意：我妈妈让我们停下来休息一会儿。 由语境和所给的汉语提示可知，应该填：rest；rest v. 休息；放松；本题是动词不定式做stop的目的。故答案为：rest。 5．句意：老人上车时，一位乘客站起来把座位让给他。 由语境和所给的汉语提示可知，应该填：passenger；由空前面的冠词a可知，后面的名词用单数形式。故答案为：passenger。 6．句意：我妈妈咳嗽了，我把她送到了医院。 由语境和所给的汉语提示可知，应该填：cough；have a cough ：(患) 咳嗽。故答案为：cough。 7．句意：我觉得不舒服。我头痛。 由语境和所给的汉语提示可知，应该填：headache；have a headache：头痛。 故答案为：headache。 8．句意：丽莎喉咙痛，她需要喝很多水。 由语境和所给的汉语提示可知，应该填：throat；had a sore throat：喉咙痛。故答案为：throat。 9．句意：大多数动物有四只脚。 由语境和所给的汉语提示可知，应该填：foot；four后面跟复数名词。foot的复数为feet。故答案为：feet。 10．句意：我想你应该先量体温。 由语境和所给的汉语提示可知，应该填：temperature；take one’s temperature：量体温。故答案为：temperature。 【解析】11．句意：如果你割伤了自己，你应该在伤口上缠上绷带。 根据句意“ If you cut yourself”以及单词的首字母可知，割伤的时候，应用绷带包扎，因此这里考查的是bandage，是一个名词。故答案为bandage。 12．句意：我的小妹妹刚才割伤了膝盖。她在哭。 根据单词的意思可知，这里考查knee，是一个名词，在句中作宾语。故答案为knee。 13．句意：不要在太阳下站太长时间，否则你会流鼻血。 根据句意和单词的首字母可知，这里考查nosebleed，这是一个名词，意为“鼻出血，流鼻血”。故答案为nosebleed。 14．句意：Black先生工作的时候伤了他的背。 根据单词的意思可知，这里考查hurt，是一个动词。由句中 “when he worked”可知，这句话使用一般过去时态，hurt的过去式还是hurt。故答案为hurt。 15．句意：Jack被一个足球打中了头。 根据句意和单词的首字母可知，这里表示“被球打中头”，考查hit，意为“击打，打中”，是一个动词。空前got为系动词，这里用过去分词作表语，hit的过去分词还是hit。故答案为hit。 16．句意：在道路上有一起由于结冰导致的汽车事故。 根据句意“ …car…caused by ice” ，并结合单词的首字母可知，这里应考查的是accident，意为“事故”。空前有a修饰，名词用单数。故答案为accident。 17．句意：这名科学家的死使我们很伤心。 由句子结构可知，空前scientist’s是名词所有格形式，该空应用名词形式，在句中作主语。因此这里考查的是death，是名词。故答案为death。 18．句意：他是一个登山者。他喜欢冒险。 根据句意“ “He is a mountain climber.”，并结合单词的首字母可知，这里应表示“冒险”，考查短语take risks，用名词复数形式。故答案为risks。 19．句意：玩这个游戏意味着浪费时间。 根据单词的意思可知，这里考查mean，是一个动词。这句话描述现在的事情，用一般现在时；主语为Playing this game，是动名词形式，谓语动词用单数。故答案为means。 20．句意：他们已经决定在这里修建一个大工厂。 根据句意和单词的意思可知，这里考查的是短语make a decision，“做决定”，decision是名词形式。故答案为decision。 21．句意：我的姐姐是一名护士。她经常在医院里帮助病人。 根据句意 “She often helps the sick in hospital”以及单词的首字母可知，这里考查nurse，意为“护士”。空前有不定冠词a，名词用单数。故答案为nurse。 22．句意：当他知道发生了什么的时候，他开始失血。 根据句意和单词的首字母可知，这里考查blood，意为“血，血液”，是一个名词。故答案为blood。 23．句意：虽然这个勇敢的年轻人死了，但是他的精神永远活在我们心中。 根据句意和单词的首字母可知，这里指这个年轻人的精神永存，考查spirit，是一个不可数名词，用单数形式。故答案为spirit。 24．句意：刚才我妈妈告诉了我学习英语的重要性。 空前有定冠词the，空后有介词of，这里应填名词形式；根据句意和单词的首字母可知，这里考查的是importance，意为“重要，重要性”。故答案为importance。 25．句意：在这种可怕的情形下我不知道做什么。你能帮助我们吗？ 根据句意和单词的首字母可知，这里表示“在这种情形下”，考查situation，是一个名词，意为“形势，情形”。故答案为situation。 【解析】26．句意：Betty，和我一起去散步吧。 take a walk是固定短语，意为“去散步”。根据句子结构可知，这是一个祈使句，开头应用动词原形。故答案为take。 27．句意：他伤了腿，不能动了。 hurt伤害，受伤，是一个动词。由空后and couldn’t move可知，这句话用的是一般过去时态，这里应填动词的过去式。hurt的过去式还是hurt。故答案为hurt。 28．句意：我的老师告诉我在英语课上不要说汉语。 speak说，是一个动词。这句话谓语动词是told，原形是tell，常用于句型tell sb. (not) to do sth.“告诉某人（不）去做某事”，应用动词不定式形式，否定式在to前加not。故答案为not to speak。 29．句意：你应该吃些药。 medicine药，是一个不可数名词，没有复数形式，因此这里应用原形。故答案为medicine。 30．句意：Jim被打中了头。 hit击打，打中，是一个动词。空前got为系动词，后面跟过去分词形式作表语。hit的过去分词还是hit。故答案为hit。 31．kilos 【详解】句意：你需要多少公斤卷心菜？how many后加可数名词复数kilos “公斤”。故填kilos。 32．ourselves 【详解】句意：我们在昨晚的聚会上玩得很开心。enjoy oneself“玩得开心”，根据“we”可知，此空应填反身代词ourselves，故填ourselves。 33．knees 【详解】句意：Ben 昨天打篮球时双膝受伤。both后加名词复数knees “膝盖”。故填knees。 34．death 【详解】句意：当想起她祖父的离世时，朱莉总是很伤心。根据空前“grandpa’s”结合句意可知，空处需要表示“死亡，离世”的名词，所给词是动词，其名词为death。故填death。 35．decision 【详解】句意：听别人的建议比自己做决定好吗？a后加可数名词单数decision “决定”。故填decision。 36．saying 【详解】句意：他一句话也没说就出去了。without是介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。故填saying。 37．working 【详解】句意：我解这道数学题有困难。根据“I have trouble…”和提示词可知，此处考查固定搭配：have/has trouble (in) doing sth ，意为“做某事有困难”，所以此处填入working。故填working。 38． herself helping 【详解】句意：她从来不为自己着想，只想着帮助那些需要帮助的人。第一空，根据“and she only thinks about…the people in need.”可知，她从不考虑她自己。此空应填反身代词herself，意为“她自己”；第二空，根据“about”可知，介词后跟动词ing形式，因此填helping。故填herself；helping。 39．calling 【详解】句意：一位老人坐在地上呼救。分析句子可知，“呼救”这个动作是老人发出的，故动词call应用现在分词calling表主动。故填calling。 40．to take 【详解】句意：他父母同意明天带他去上海迪士尼乐园。根据“agreed”可知，后接不定式作宾语，agree to do“同意做某事”。故填to take。 41．decided 【详解】句意：他们决定一起度过他们的暑假。they是主语，后接动词作谓语，decision是名词，意为“决定”，其动词形式为decide，根据语境可知句子使用一般过去时，故填decided。 42．breath 【详解】句意：跑了很长时间后，他的呼吸听起来很沉重。his是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，在句子中可作主语，breathe是动词，意为“呼吸”，其名词形式为breath。故填breath。 43．knives 【详解】句意：安德鲁经常在空闲时间用不同的刀做手工。 different+名词复数。knife的复数是knives。故填knives。 44．eat 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，你不应该吃太多的汉堡包。根据情态动词后加动词原形，所以是eat。故填eat。 45．fell 【详解】句意：一位老人摔倒了，站不起来，所以我赶紧跑上去扶他。fall“倒下”。根据“down and couldn’t get up”可知，句子为一般过去时，故此处应用fall的过去式fell，和couldn’t get为并列关系。故填fell。 46．playing 【详解】句意：迈克昨天和他最好的朋友琳达打网球时受伤了。根据“Mike hurt himself when...tennis with his best friend Linda yesterday”和所给词可知，此处为省略句，when引导时间状语从句，其后省略了主语Mike和be动词was，由于从句省略的主语Mike和play为主动关系，故此处应用现在分词playing，和省略的be动词was构成过去进行时，表示过去某个时刻或时段正在发生的事情。故填playing。 47．ourselves 【详解】句意：我们应该学会对自己负责，而不是总是等待别人的摆布。us“我们”，人称代词宾格。主语和宾语是同一人称，所以此处指“我们”应该对“我们自己”负责，故用反身代词ourselves“我们自己”。故填ourselves。 48．passengers 【详解】句意：车里有三个人——两名乘客和一名司机。passenger“乘客”，根据“two...and a driver”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填passengers。 五、 1． took her temperature got an X-ray 【详解】take one’s temperature“量体温”，主语Lily是女性，代词用her，get an X-ray“拍X光片”，根据just now可知，此句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填took；her；temperature；got；an；X-ray。 2． had a cold lie down and rest 【详解】根据所给中文可知，空处缺少“感冒”have a cold，根据yesterday可知句子应用一般过去时态，have应用过去式had；“躺下休息”lie down and rest，结合句子结构tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，可知，此处用原形即可。故填had；a；cold；lie；down；and；rest。 3． put some medicine on 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，空处应填put some medicine on表示“把药涂在……上”。help sb. (to) do sth.是固定短语，表示“帮助某人做某事”，这里put用原形。put...on...是一个固定短语，表示“把……放在……上”。medicine是不可数名词，前面用“some”来修饰，表示“一些药”。故填put；some；medicine；on。 4． have a sore throat 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，空出应填have a sore throat表示“喉咙痛”，前面的主语是you，谓语动词have用原形。故填have a sore throat。 5． had a fever 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，空处应填have a fever表示“发烧”。根据“last night”可知，是过去发生的事，要用一般过去时，have应用过去式had。故填had；a；fever。 6． thought about saving 【详解】think about表示“考虑”，根据“didn’t”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式；save“挽救”，动词，位于介词about后，应用动名词作宾语。故填thought；about；saving。 7． saw her lying 【详解】根据所缺空可知，缺少“看见她正躺在床上”。“see sb. doing sth.”意为“看见某人正在做某事”，lie躺下，现在分词lying。根据“when I passed by”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，谓语see变成saw。故填saw；her；lying。 8． Thanks to 【详解】空处缺少“多亏了”，其英文表达为thanks to，介词短语。故填Thanks；to。 9． To our surprise got off 【详解】介词短语to one’s surprise表示“让某人吃惊的是”，our表示“我们的”；动词短语get off表示“下车”，描述发生过的是，用一般过去时，get过去式为got。故填To；our；surprise；got；off。 10． what happened 【详解】分析句子，设空处缺“发生了什么”。what“什么”；happen“发生”，结合“yesterday”可知时态为一般过去时，动词happen用过去式。故填what；happened。 11． had a cold 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“感冒”，其英文表达为have a cold，“this morning”提示句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式had。故填had；a；cold。 12． lay down 【详解】结合中英文，可知时态为一般过去时。lie down“躺下”，lie“躺”的过去式是lay。故填lay；down。 13． take breaks 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“休息”，其英文表达为take breaks，结合语境，句子用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，谓语动词用原形take。故填take；breaks。 14． had a stomachache 【详解】根据“so he didn’t go to school.”可知，时态为一般过去时。had a stomachache“胃痛”，故填had；a；stomachache。 15． take your temperature 【详解】take one’s temperature“量体温”，need to do sth“需要做某事”，第一空填动词原形，根据主语you可知，形容词性物主代词用your，故填take；your；temperature。 16． so that 【详解】此处缺少“如此……以至于”，根据“interesting”可知此处用结构so...that引导结果状语从句。故填so；that。 17．Thanks to/Because of 【详解】“多亏”表示原因，因此可用because of或thanks to这两个介词短语，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Thanks to / Because of。 18． taking risks 【详解】“冒险”为take risks，be used to doing意为“习惯做某事”，故填taking；risks。 19． ran out 【详解】由“just now”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式，短语run out表示“用完”，run的过去式为ran。故填ran；out。 20．give up 【详解】放弃：give up，句子是祈使句的否定形式：don’t+动词原形。故填give up。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年八年级英语下册重难点提优训练（人教版） Unit1 重点单词短语句型专练 1、 翻译单词。 1． (n.) 问题；事情 (v.) 要紧；有重大影响 ★ 怎么了？ 没关系。 2． (adj.) 疼痛的；酸痛的 3． (n.) 头痛 ★ 头痛 4． (n.) 胃痛；腹痛 ★ 胃痛 5． (n.) 胃；腹部 6． (n.) 牙痛 ★ 牙痛 7． (n.) 咽喉；喉咙 ★ 咽喉痛 8． (n.) 发烧 ★ (高)烧 9． (n. & v.) 咳嗽 ★ 咳嗽 10． (n.) 脚；足 → (pl.) ★ 步行 11． (n.) 颈；脖子 12．lie① （v.）躺；平躺；存在；处于 → （过去式） → （过去分词） → （现在分词） ★ 躺下 ②(v.) 说谎(n.)谎言 → （过去式/过去分词） → （现在分词） ★ 说谎 13． (v. & n.) 放松；休息(n.) 其余的部分 ★ 休息 14． (n.) X 射线；X 光 ★ 照X光 15． (n.) 间歇；休息(v.) (使) 破；裂；碎；损坏 → (过去式) → (过去分词) → (adj.) 破损的；残缺的 ★ 发生故障 爆发 打碎；破碎 休息 16． (v.) (使)疼痛；受伤 → （过去式/过去分词） 17． (n.)乘客；旅客 18． (adv. & prep.) 离开（某处）；不工作；从……去掉 ★ 下车 切除 19． (prep.) 向；朝 20． (n.) 问题；苦恼 ★ 制造麻烦 处于困境中 惹上麻烦；陷入困境 在做某事方面有麻烦 21． (v.) (用手或器具)击；打 → (过去式/过去分词) → (现在分词) 22． (pron.) (she 的反身代词) 她自己 23． (v.) 压；挤；按新 → (n.) 压力 24． (adj.) 生病的；有病的 ★ 感觉不舒服 25． (n.) 膝；膝盖 26． (pron.) (we 的反身代词) 我们自己 27． (n.) 登山者；攀登者 28． (n. & v.) 危险；风险；冒险 ★ 冒险 某人冒着生命危险 冒险做某事 29． (n.) (交通)事故；意外遭遇新 ★ 偶然地；意外地 30． (n.)情况；状况 ★ 困境 31． (= kilogram) (n.)千克；公斤 32． (n.)岩石；摇滚乐 33． (n.)刀 → (pl.) 34． (n.)血 35． (v.) 意思是；打算；意欲 → (过去式/过去分词) → (n.)意义；意思 → (adj.)有意义的 → (adj.)毫无意义的；意思不明确的 ★ 打算做某事 意味着做某事 36． (n.)重要性；重要 → (adj.)重要的 37． (n.)决定；抉择 ★ 做决定 38． (n. & v.) 限制；约束；管理 ★ 掌管；管理 39． (n.)勇气；意志 40． (n.)死；死亡 新 → (adj.) 死的；失去生命的 41． (n.) 护士 2、 翻译短语。 1． 感冒 2． 背疼 3． 流鼻血 4． 看牙医 5． 量体温 6． 听起来像 7． 再三考虑 8． 陷入；参与 9． 用尽；耗尽 10． 离开；从……出来 11． 放弃 名词短语 12． 心脏问题 13． 健康问题 形容词短语 14． 对……感兴趣 介词短语 15． 以同样的方式 16． 使某人惊讶的是；出乎某人的意料 17． 及时 18． 靠某人自己 19． 左右为难；进退两难 其他短语 20． 立即；马上 21． 太多（修饰不可数名词） 三、单项选择。 1．—What’s the matter? —I have stomachache. Maybe I have eaten ________ tonight. A．too much B．too many C．much too D．many too 2．Tom and Jenny enjoyed ________ playing computer games. A．himself B．herself C．ourselves D．themselves 3．I’ve ________ out of food and water. What should I do? A．run B．gone C．come D．walked 4．—How is your English study? —Not bad. But I _______ learning English grammar. A．am interested in B．am good at C．have a little trouble D．have no trouble 5．When I walked past the playground, I saw many boys ________ basketball. A．play B．played C．playing D．are playing 6．________ our surprise, we got twice as many people to attend the meeting as we expected. A．As B．To C．By D．In 7．—It’s too hard for me to be a trail walker. —Never ______________ . Believe in yourself! A．put up B．give up C．hurry up D．look up 8．Everyone was too afraid to go into the room because the fire was out of ________. A．control B．danger C．order D．trouble 9．I mean ______ a class meeting on Monday afternoon. A．have B．to have C．having D．to having 10．—What happened to him? —Oh, he ________ off his bike and ________ his legs. A．falls；hurts B．fell；hurt C．felt；hurt D．fell；hurts 11．The chance is rare(罕见的) for you. You shouldn’t ________. A．give up it B．give up them C．give it up D．give them up 12．________ our surprise, the little boy went back home by himself. A．At B．In C．To D．For 13．He eats ________ food, so he is ________ fat. A．much too; too much B．much too; many too C．too much; much too D．too much; many too 14．—________ the policeman, the doctors saved the man ________ time. —Oh, that meant ________ a man’s life. A．Thanks for; in; to save B．Thanking; at; to lose C．Thanks to; in; saving D．Thanks to; on; losing 15．—What’s _________ matter with you? —I have _________ stomachache. A．/; / B．/; the C．the; a 16．—Jim! ________ the bus until it stops. —Sure, Mom. A．get off B．put off C．turn off D．get up 17．________ the kind driver, the old man was saved by the doctors. A．Thanks for B．Thanks to C．Thank you for D．Thanks 18．When I came to see Jim, I saw him ________ in the bed. A．lying B．is lying C．was lying D．lie 19．—What’s the matter with Mike? —He got hit ________ ⁠the head. A．in B．on C．at D．with 20．Jack talked ________ at the meeting. So he has a very sore throat now. A．too much B．much too C．too many D．many too 四、根据汉语提示、首字母或句意写出单词。 1．He is in (麻烦). Let's do something to help him out. 2．Look! There is a ring around the dog's （脖子）． 3．Suddenly he fell down from the tree and (受伤) his legs. It seemed that he couldn't move. 4．My mother asked us to stop walking to （休息）for a while. 5．When the old man got on the bus, a (乘客) stood up and offered his seat to him. 6．My mother had a (咳嗽) and I took her to hospital. 7．I don't feel well. I have a （头痛）． 8．Lisa had a sore (喉咙) and she needed to drink much water. 9．Most animals have four （脚）． 10．I think you should take your （体温）first. 11．If you cut yourself, you should put a b on the cut. 12．My little sister cut her (膝盖) just now. She is crying. 13．Don’t stand in the sun for too long, or you’ll have a n . 14．Mr. Black (受 伤) his back when he worked. 15．Jack got h on the head by a soccer ball. 16．There was a car a caused by ice on the road. 17．The scientist's (死) made us sad. 18．He is a mountain climber. He likes taking r . 19．Playing this game (意味着) wasting time. 20．They have made a (决定) to build a big factory here. 21．My sister is a n . She often helps the sick in hospital. 22．When he knew what happened, he began to lose b . 23．Though the brave young man died, his s will always live in our heart. 24．Just now my mother told me the i of learning English. 25．I don't know what to do in this terrible s . Can you help me? 26．Betty, ( take) a walk with me. 27．He (hurt) his leg and couldn’t move. 28．My teacher told me (not speak) Chinese in English class. 29．You should take some (medicine). 30．Jim got (hit) on the head. 31．How many (kilo) of cabbages do you need? 32．We enjoyed (we) at the party last night. 33．Ben hurt his both (knee) when he played basketball yesterday. 34．Julie always feels very sad when she is thinking of her grandpa’s (die). 35．Is it better to listen to others’ advice than to make a (decide) on one’s own? 36．He went out without (say) a word. 37．I have trouble (work) out the math problem. 38．She never thinks about (she), and she only thinks about (help) the people in need. 39．An old man was sitting on the ground, (call) for help. 40．His parents agreed (take) him to Shanghai Disneyland tomorrow. 41．They (decision) to spend their summer vacation together. 42．After running for a long time, his (breathe) sounds heavy. 43．Andrew often does DIY with different (knife) in his free time. 44．In order to keep healthy, you shouldn’t (eat) too many hamburgers. 45．An old man (fall) down and couldn’t get up, so I quickly ran up to help him. 46．Mike hurt himself when (play) tennis with his best friend Linda yesterday. 47．We should learn to be responsible for (us), not always waiting to be pushed. 48．There were three people in the car—two (passenger) and a driver. 五、完成句子。 1．莉莉刚刚在医院量了体温，还拍了X光片。 Lily and in the hospital just now. 2．昨天我感冒了，医生告诉我要躺下休息。 I yesterday and the doctor told me to . 3．我割伤了自己，妈妈帮我把药涂在伤口上。 I cut myself. My mother helped me the cut. 4．如果你喉咙痛，你可以喝一些热水。 If you , you can drink some hot water. 5．昨晚他发烧了。他的母亲整晚在照顾他。 He last night. His mother took care of him all night. 6．这位医生没有考虑他自己。他只想着挽救那个病人。 The doctor didn’t think about himself. He only that patient. 7．当我路过时，我看见她正躺在床上。 I in bed when I passed by. 8．多亏了互联网，我可以在特殊的日子里为妈妈订购漂亮的礼物。 the Internet, I can order nice gifts for my mom on special days. 9．让我们吃惊的是，他一言不发就下车了。 , he   the bus without a word. 10．我要浏览一下报纸，看看昨天发生了什么事。 I will look through the newspaper to see yesterday. 11．我妹妹今天早上感冒了。 My sister this morning. 12．露西做完工作后，就躺下了。 After Lucy finished working, she . 13．有的学生下课后从来不休息。 Some students never after class. 14．他胃痛，所以他没有去上学。 He , so he didn’t go to school. 15．进入商场前，你需要量体温。 You need to before getting into the mall. 16．这些书太有趣了，孩子无法停止阅读。 (完成译句) These books are interesting the children can’t stop reading them. 17．多亏了“双减”政策，学生们可以更好地利用他们的课余时间。 the double reduction policy, students can put their free time to good use. 18．阿伦习惯于冒险。 Aron is used to . 19．我的钱刚刚用完了。你能借我一些吗？   My money just now. Could you lend me some? 20．无论何时当你遇到挑战，都不要放弃! Whenever you face challenges, don’t _________ ! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$