精品解析：上海市长宁区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末区统考英语试题

2024学年第一学期高二英语教学质量调研试卷 (90分钟;100分) Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension(14%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear five short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．In a lab. B．In a gym. C．In a clinic. D．In a library. 2．A．It is better to hand in the essay later. B．It is too late to hand in the essay now. C．It’s not bad that the essay’s handed in. D．It won’t be long before the essay’s handed in. 3．A．Organizing a citywide charity event. B．Planning a trip for the disabled. C．Making suggestions for the city plan. D．Drafting a report on the disabled. 4．A．VR glasses are inconvenient to handle. B．The girl is satisfied with her VR glasses. C．VR glasses cause the girl’s poor eyesight. D．The man takes no interest in VR glasses. 5．A．The woman. B．The delivery. C．The overall experience. D．The product’s quality. Directions: In Section B, you will hear a short passage and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the conversation. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 6 through 8 are based on the following passage. 6．A．To enjoy food. B．To remain alive. C．To create chemicals. D．To arouse emotions. 7．A．The sides of the tongue are relatively less sensitive. B．The back of the tongue is quite sensitive to sourness. C．The entire tongue can detect sweetness and bitterness D．Each zone of the tongue is responsible for one taste. 8．A．How taste works. B．Why tastes differ. C．How tongue adapts. D．Why taste buds matter. Questions 9 through 11 are based on the following conversation. 9．A．Ignored driving skills. B．Environmental impact. C．Increased traffic jams. D．Technology failure. 10．A．Reducing road accidents. B．Satisfying transportation needs. C．Assisting human drivers. D．Improving driving experience. 11．A．Concerns for self-driving. B．Fun summer self-driving. C．The necessity of learning to drive. D．The future of intelligent driving. Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary(22%) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Babies are less afraid when they can scent their mothers Babies feel relieved by the presence of their mother’s scent, according to research that looked at how their brains respond to fear. The idea behind it is ___1___ a familiar scent can comfort babies. “Some doctors tell new mums to put a(n) ___2___ (wear) T-shirt in the bed with their baby,” says Sarah Jessen at the University of Lubeck in Germany. ___3___ (investigate) whether this works, Jessen presented photos of happy and fearful facial expressions to seventy six 7-month-old babies — the age by which they ___4___ (develop) their fear response. Each of the babies viewed the photos while they ___5___ (introduce) to either the familiar scent of their mother or a stranger’s scent. Jessen also measured electrical signals in the babies’ brains ___6___ (use) an EEG cap (脑电帽). Before the experiment, all the babies’ mothers were given a cotton T-shirt, ___7___ they slept in for three nights in a row. The mothers ___8___ use their normal shampoo and soap but were asked not to use any new products. ___9___ (see) photographs of fearful facial expressions usually generates a fear response in babies, which includes a specific pattern of electrical activity in their brains. Jessen found that those who could scent their mother didn’t have this pattern, ___10___ those who sensed a stranger’s scent did. These results suggest that a baby’s experience of scent can influence fear processing in their brain. Jessen says she wants to find out whether babies have a similar response to their father’s scent or to the scent of other people who they spend time ___11___. She says research like this helps us understand how babies perceive the world and ___12___ influences their development. This understanding could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for helping babies. 【答案】1 that  2. worn 3. To investigate 4. have developed 5. were introduced  6. using 7. which##that 8. could 9. Seeing 10. whereas##while 11. with 12. what 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了婴儿对母亲气味反应的研究及其发现。 【1题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这个想法背后的原因是熟悉的气味可以安慰婴儿。本空引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 【2题详解】 考查形容词。句意：德国吕贝克大学的Sarah Jessen说：“一些医生告诉新妈妈们，把一件穿过的T恤和宝宝一起放在床上。”本空修饰名词T-shirt，应用形容词，作定语。wear的形容词为worn“穿过的”。故填worn。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了调查这是否有效，Jessen向76名7个月大的婴儿展示了快乐和恐惧的面部表情的照片——到这个年龄，他们已经形成了恐惧反应。本句谓语动词是presented，空格处应填非谓语动词形式。此处作目的状语，应用investigate“调查”的不定式，句首单词首字母大写。故填To investigate。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：为了调查这是否有效，Jessen向76名7个月大的婴儿展示了快乐和恐惧的面部表情的照片——到这个年龄，他们已经形成了恐惧反应。develop“形成”。本空为by which引导的定语从句的谓语，此处表示到这个年龄为止，他们已经形成了恐惧反应，时态应用现在完成时，主语为they，助动词用have。故填have developed。 【5题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：每个婴儿在接触到母亲熟悉的气味或陌生人的气味时都会看到这些照片。本空为while引导的时间状语从句的谓语，主句中的谓语动词是viewed，时态为一般过去时，时间状语从句时态也应用一般过去时。introduce“引见，初次了解”和从句主语they之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was/were done。主语为they，be动词用were。故填were introduced。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Jessen还用脑电图帽测量了婴儿大脑中的电信号。measure为句子的谓语动词，空格处应填非谓语动词形式。use“使用”与其逻辑主语Jessen之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填using。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在实验之前，所有婴儿的母亲都得到了一件棉质T恤，她们连续三个晚上都穿着它睡觉。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为a cotton T-shirt，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作in的宾语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：母亲们可以使用她们通常使用的洗发水和肥皂，但要求她们不要使用任何新产品。本空为情态动词，后接动词原形use。此处表示“能够”，且根据but were可知，应用情态动词can的过去式could。故填could。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看到恐惧的面部表情的照片通常会在婴儿身上产生恐惧反应，这包括他们大脑中一种特定的电活动模式。本句谓语为generates，此处为非谓语动词，应用see“看见”的动名词，作主语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Seeing。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：Jessen发现，那些能闻到母亲气味的人没有这种模式，而那些能闻到陌生人气味的人却有。本空连接两个句子，前后句子之间是对比关系，应用连词whereas或while“然而”。故填whereas或while。 【11题详解】 考查介词。句意：Jessen说，她想知道婴儿对他们的父亲的气味，或者对他们花时间相处的人的气味是否有类似的反应。spend time with sb.“花时间和某人在一起”。此处表示“和”，应用介词with，符合题意。故填with。 【12题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：她说，像这样的研究有助于我们了解婴儿是如何感知世界的，以及它是如何影响他们的发展的。空格处引导宾语从句，与how babies perceive the world并列，从句作understand的宾语，从句缺少主语，且指物，用what引导。故填what。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. anxious B. guarantee C. ignore D. linked E. missed F. overly G. respectively H. risks I. routines J. serious K. transported When exercise stops being good for you 150 minutes of exercise. a week: that’s how much we should all be doing. Does this mean that gyms are the best ways to ____13____ our health? Maybe, but they are not without their own health ____14____ Recent studies have suggested that some gym-goers’ cleanness requirements leave much to be desired. Bacteria (细菌) that can cause severe illness, such as food poisoning, was found on the surface of gym equipment. Sweat and the increased temperature caused by exercise can help dangerous bacteria grow on the skin, which can be ____15____ to our clothing. It might not just be the bacteria at a gym that could be harmful. Harmful gym culture may be leading people to feel judged or frightened. In a 2019 US study, over half those surveyed felt ____16____ when going to the gym. This feeling of being judged, and a(n) ____17____ competitive atmosphere, could create pressure to over-exercise. The Cleveland Clinic distinguishes between overreaching and over-training. The first is the result of a single instance of exercising too much, which leads to little more than muscle discomfort, while the latter is more long-term and can have more ____18____ consequences. Over-training has been ____19____ to injuries, reduced appetite and problems with sleep or weight gain. When exercise becomes a must, it can also be dangerous for our mental health. Wellness writer Taylor Leamey warns that feeling regret at ____20____ gym sessions or trying to use exercise as a way to control our bodies could be signs that exercise dependency is a problem. Of course, we shouldn’t ____21____ the fact that exercise can really help our physical and mental health, as long as we can maintain a healthy relationship with it. It’s essential to prioritize both the quality and safety of our exercise ____22____ 【答案】13. guarantee  14. risks 15. transported 16. anxious 17. overly 18. serious 19. linked 20. missed 21. ignore 22. routines 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了健身房锻炼的利弊，提醒人们在健身房锻炼时需要注意卫生和保持健康的锻炼心态。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：这是否意味着健身房是保持健康的最佳方式？根据句意及空后的“our health”可知，空处应用动词guarantee“保证”，表示健身房是保持健康的最佳方式。故填guarantee。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：也许，但它们也有自己的健康风险。根据句意及空前的“their own health”可知，空处应用名词risks“风险”，表示健身房锻炼也有健康风险。故填risks。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：汗液和运动引起的体温升高可以帮助危险的细菌在皮肤上生长，这些细菌可以转移到我们的衣服上。根据句意及空前的“which can be”可知，空处应用动词的过去分词形式transported“转移，传播”，与be动词构成被动语态，表示细菌可以转移到我们的衣服上。故填transported。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在2019年的一项美国研究中，超过一半的受访者在去健身房时会感到焦虑。根据句意及空前的“felt”可知，空处应用形容词anxious“焦虑的”，作表语，表示超过一半的受访者在去健身房时会感到焦虑。故填anxious。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：这种被评判的感觉，以及一种过于激烈的竞争氛围，可能会产生过度锻炼的压力。根据句意及空后的“competitive atmosphere”可知，空处应用副词overly“过度地”，修饰形容词competitive，表示过于激烈的竞争氛围。故填overly。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：第一种情况是由于一次锻炼过度造成的，它仅会导致轻微的肌肉不适。而后者更为长期，可能产生更严重的后果。根据句意及空前的“more”可知，空处应用形容词serious“严重的”，表示过度锻炼可能产生更严重的后果。故填serious。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：过度训练与受伤、食欲下降、睡眠问题或体重增加有关。根据句意及空后的“has been”可知，空处应用动词的过去分词形式linked“连接”，与has been构成现在完成时的被动语态，表示过度训练与这些问题有关。故填linked。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：健康作家Taylor Leamey警告说，对错过的健身课程感到后悔，或者试图把锻炼作为控制身体的一种方式，可能是运动依赖成为一个问题的迹象。根据句意及空后的“gym sessions”可知，空处应用形容词missed“错过的”，修饰名词gym sessions，表示错过的健身课程。故填missed。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：当然，我们不应该忽视运动确实能帮助我们的身心健康这一事实，只要我们能与它保持健康的关系。根据句意及空前的“shouldn’t”可知，空处应用动词ignore“忽视”，表示我们不应该忽视运动对身心健康的帮助。故填ignore。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：优先考虑锻炼常规的质量和安全性至关重要。根据句意及空前的“our exercise”可知，空处应用名词routines“常规，例行程序”，表示锻炼常规的质量和安全性很重要。故填routines。 Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension(30%) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D． Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Millions of people have installed (安装) mental health apps for everything from breathing exercises to guided meditation (深思). But an analysis now suggests that almost everyone ____23____ on such apps in just two weeks. Amit Baumel at the University of Haifa in Israel and his teammates analysed the use of 93 popular mental health apps. The ____24____ showed that, after 15 days, more than 94 per cent of users had stopped opening their apps. The team only studied apps that are available in English and that have been ____25____ at least 10,000 times through the Google Play store. App use differed depending on the kind of ____26____ provided. On any given day, just over 4 per cent of people who have installed meditation apps will ____27____ them. But this figure is 17 per cent among those who have installed peer (同伴) -assistance apps, which ____28____ you to talk to someone who may be experiencing similar issues. The team hasn’t revealed which apps were included in the analysis. ____29____, the findings raise questions over how useful mental health apps are. Baumel says we don’t yet know how often someone needs to use such apps for them to be _____30_____. John Torous at Harvard Medical School says the study ____31____ what the clinical community has known for a long time: a lot of people abandon these apps. A spokesperson for the meditation app Headspace says the firm is improving ____32____ by allowing users to set daily reminders and by encouraging “clock-in” of app use. Derek Richards, chief scientist for mental health app SilverCloud, says a low-frequency use does not ____33____ mean mental health apps don’t work. Instead, it could be an indication of how ____34____ people are about these apps, and how easy it is to download them. 23. A. ends up B. comes up C. gives up D. sets up 24. A. data B. output C. ending D. file 25. A. translated B. downloaded C. packed D. attacked 26. A. support B. theme C. context D. figure 27. A. track B. identify C. abandon D. launch 28. A. beg B. enable C. forbid D. order 29. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Eventually 30. A. profitable B. educational C. predictable D. effective 31. A. doubts B. inquires C. confirms D. revises 32. A. engagement B. response C. frequency D. accuracy 33 A. only B. instantly C. rarely D. necessarily 34. A. familiar B. hesitant C. curious D. serious 【答案】23. C 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。数百万人安装了从呼吸练习到引导冥想等各种心理健康应用程序。但现在的一项分析表明，几乎每个人都在短短两周内就放弃使用了此类应用程序。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但现在的一项分析表明，几乎每个人都会在短短两周内放弃此类应用程序。A. ends up最终成为；B. comes up提出；C. gives up放弃；D. sets up建立。由下文“after 15 days, more than 94 per cent of users had stopped opening their apps”可知，大部分人在两周内放弃此类应用程序。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：数据显示，15 天后，超过 94% 的用户停止打开他们的应用程序。A. data数据；B. output输出；C. ending结尾；D. file文件。由上文“Amit Baumel at the University of Haifa in Israel and his teammates analysed the use of 93 popular mental health apps.”可知，以色列海法大学的Amit Baumel和他的队友分析了93个流行心理健康应用程序的使用情况，此处是指分析这些数据得出结果，故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该团队仅研究了英文版且已通过 Google Play 商店下载至少 10000 次的应用程序。A. translated翻译；B. downloaded下载；C. packed打包；D. attacked攻击。由下文“at least 10,000 times through the Google Play store.”可知，通过 Google Play商店是下载应用程序，故选B。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：应用程序的使用因提供的信息支持而异。A. support支持；信息支持；B. theme主题；C. context情境；D. figure人物；数字。由上文“at least 10,000 times through the Google Play store.”所提供的信息可知，此处指应用程序的使用状况因提供的信息支持而异。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在任意一天里，刚刚超过4%的安装了冥想应用程序的人会选择启动它们。A. track追踪；运转正常；B. identify认出；C. abandon遗弃；D. launch发行。上文“after 15 days, more than 94 per cent of users had stopped opening their apps”提到人们下载了这些软件后不怎么使用，由此可知，只有4%的人会正常“启动”这些软件。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这一数字在那些安装了同伴协助应用程序的人中占 17%，这些应用程序使你能够与可能遇到类似问题的人交谈。A. beg乞讨；B. enable使能够；C. forbid禁止；D. order命令。由下文“you to talk to someone who may be experiencing similar issues.”可知，这些应用程序使你能够与可能遇到类似问题的人交谈。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，研究结果引发了人们对心理健康应用程序的有用性的质疑。A. However然而；B. Moreover此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Eventually最后。由上文“The team hasn’t revealed which apps were included in the analysis.”和下文“the findings raise questions over how useful mental health apps are. ”可知，前后是转折关系，故选A。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鲍梅尔说，我们还不知道人们需要多久使用一次此类应用程序才能发挥作用。A. profitable有利润的；B. educational有教育意义的；C. predictable可预测的；D. effective有效果的。由上文“the findings raise questions over how useful mental health apps are. ”可知，此处指这类应用程序多久会对人们有帮助，即是否有效还是未知的。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈佛医学院的约翰·托罗斯表示，这项研究证实了临床界长期以来所知道的事情：很多人放弃了这些应用程序。A. doubts怀疑；B. inquires调查；C. confirms确认；证实；D. revises修订。由第一段中“But an analysis now suggests that almost everyone ______on such apps in just two weeks.”可知，这项研究证实了：很多人放弃了这些应用程序。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：冥想应用程序 Headspace 的发言人表示，该公司正在通过允许用户设置每日提醒和鼓励应用程序使用“打卡”来提高参与度。A. engagement参加；从事；B. response回复；C. frequency频率；D. accuracy准确性。由下文“by allowing users to set daily reminders and by encouraging “clock-in” of app use.”可知，该应用程序通过允许用户设置每日提醒和鼓励应用程序使用“打卡”来提高参与度，故选A。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：心理健康应用程序 SilverCloud 的首席科学家德里克·理查兹 (Derek Richards) 表示，低频率使用并不一定意味着心理健康应用程序不起作用。A. only只有；B. instantly立即；C. rarely罕有；D. necessarily必定。由下文“Instead, it could be an indication of how ______ people are about these apps, and how easy it is to download them.”可知，低频率使用并不一定意味着心理健康应用程序不起作用。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，这可能是人们对这些应用程序的认真程度以及下载它们的容易程度的一个指示。A. familiar熟悉的；B. hesitant犹豫的；C. curious好奇的；D. serious严肃的，认真的。由上文的“Instead, it could be an indication”以及下文“and how easy it is to download them.”可知，Derek Richards认为低频率使用并不一定意味着心理健康应用程序不起作用，此处与上文的内容为转折关系，由此可推测，由于心理健康应用程序通常涉及个人的心理健康问题，用户更可能是出于实际需求和认真考虑而使用它们。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. The passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Nightmares cause a lot of suffering or trouble to the sleepy, but scientists think that they’re just a natural part of healthy rest. They aren’t sure exactly why we have them, but it might have something to do with developing connections inside our brains. Dreams and nightmares may help with memory storage, emotional processing or training for real-life fight or flight situations. All three can be stressful, so it’s no wonder that dreams sometimes turn into nightmares. For some foods that change body temperature or brain chemistry, such as sugar and alcohol, can contribute to bad dreams. For others, it can be something as simple as sleeping in an uncomfortable position. Physical health problems, such as a fever, can also cause nightmares, as can certain medications. Many people also find that their mental health affects their dreams. This is most pronounced in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), where the brain reruns past events during the night, but everyday stresses can also flow into our sleep. Keeping a regular bedtime and taking the time to wind down before bed can really help to get you into the right mindset for restful sleep. You can reduce stress and anxiety by exercising during the day and avoiding stimulants such as caffeine in the run-up to bedtime, but one of the best things you can do to manage nightmares is to record and analyse them. If your mind is trying to work through memories, emotions and stressful situations in your dreams, it’s possible that there’s something to learn from them. You could look up a dream meaning online, but your own interpretation is likely to be more valuable. Use a weekly tracker to record your sleep, including any bad dreams you have because recording your nightmares could help you to manage them more effectively. One technique used in the treatment of nightmares associated with PTSD is image rehearsal. The idea is to practise visualising different endings to your nightmares during the day. This gives your brain a bank of new ideas to call on when you experience the nightmare for real. It works best for reoccurring nightmares, because they often end in the same way. Many people are able to work through their nightmares on their own, and some even learn to enjoy them, but if you’re struggling, it’s important to reach out for help. 35. From the first paragraph, it can be concluded that nightmares _______. A. are not a subject of science B. are not related to health C. damage one’s memory D. come from pressure 36. Which of the following activities most likely contributes to a nightmare according to the passage? A. Cooking a meal. B. Taking a drug. C. Going to bed late. D. Celebrating birthday. 37. The word “pronounced” in paragraph 2 has the closest meaning to ______. A. minimal B. sensational C. noticeable D. distant 38. It is suggested in the passage that a person should manage nightmares by ________. A. exercising before sleep B. searching online for treatment C. recording and sharing them D. imagining various conclusions 39. What is the passage mainly about? A. A search for clues to nightmares. B. A deep understanding of nightmares. C Effective solutions to nightmares. D. Detailed comparisons of nightmares. 【答案】35. D 36. B 37. C 38. D 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了导致噩梦发生的原因以及一些控制噩梦的方法。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Dreams and nightmares may help with memory storage, emotional processing or training for real-life fight or flight situations. All three can be stressful, so it’s no wonder that dreams sometimes turn into nightmares.(梦和噩梦可能有助于记忆储存、情绪处理或为现实生活中的战斗或逃跑情况进行训练。这三种情况都会给人带来压力，所以梦有时会变成噩梦也就不足为奇了)”可知，噩梦来自压力。故选D。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“For some, foods that change body temperature or brain chemistry, such as sugar and alcohol, can contribute to bad dreams. For others, it can be something as simple as sleeping in an uncomfortable position. Physical health problems, such as a fever, can also cause nightmares, as can certain medications. Many people also find that their mental health affects their dreams.(对一些人来说，改变体温或大脑化学物质的食物，如糖和酒精，会导致噩梦。对其他人来说，可能是一些简单的事情，比如以不舒服的姿势睡觉。身体健康问题，比如发烧，也会引起噩梦，某些药物也会。许多人还发现他们的心理健康会影响他们的梦)”可知，服用药物最有可能导致噩梦。故选B。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Many people also find that their mental health affects their dreams.(许多人还发现他们的心理健康会影响他们的梦)”以及后文“in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), where the brain reruns past events during the night, but everyday stresses can also flow into our sleep (在创伤后应激障碍中，在这种情况下，大脑会在夜间重复过去的事件，但日常压力也会流入我们的睡眠)”可知，心理健康会影响人们的梦，这种情况在创伤后应激障碍中最为明显，故选C。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One technique used in the treatment of nightmares associated with PTSD is image rehearsal. The idea is to practise visualising different endings to your nightmares during the day. This gives your brain a bank of new ideas to call on when you experience the nightmare for real. It works best for reoccurring nightmares, because they often end in the same way.(一种用于治疗与PTSD相关的噩梦的技术是形象排练。这个想法是练习在白天想象噩梦的不同结局。这给你的大脑提供了一个新的想法库，当你真正经历噩梦时可以调用。它对反复发生的噩梦最有效，因为它们通常以同样的方式结束)”可知，文章建议，一个人应该通过想象各种结论来控制噩梦。故选D。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nightmares cause a lot of suffering or trouble to the sleepy, but scientists think that they’re just a natural part of healthy rest.(噩梦会给困倦的人带来很多痛苦或麻烦，但科学家们认为噩梦只是健康休息的自然组成部分)”结合文章主要介绍了导致噩梦发生的原因以及一些控制噩梦的方法。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是对噩梦的深刻理解。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. People with a sweet tooth may also be sweeter people Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness. ____40____ These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论). ____41____ According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知的) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste. A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures. ____42____ Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.)that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy. ____43____ Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework. A. The association matches terms sometimes used to describe kind and nice people (“sweet” or “sweetie”). B. It reveals a cross-cultural evidence of sweet taste preferences. C. To answer this question, the study tested 1650 participants from four countries. D. As the findings suggested, significant connection between agreeableness and the two measures of taste preferences exists across all samples, contrasting the earlier findings. E. The central idea of it is that metaphors map abstract concepts (e. g. niceness) on more specific areas (e. g. sweet taste experiences) to aid understanding. F. The study found that agreeableness was positively related with the two different measures of sweet taste preferences in all the samples. 【答案】40. A 41. E 42. C 43. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了喜欢甜食的人也可能是更和善的人，并通过概念隐喻理论进行解释，最后通过实验验证这一结论。 【40题详解】 根据上文“Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness.(研究表明，对甜食的偏好与随和有关)”以及后文“These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论).(这些联系可以基于概念隐喻理论来解释)”可知，此处应是在说明这种联系是什么，故A选项“这种关联与有时用来描述善良和善良的人的词语（“sweet”或“sweetie”）相吻合”符合语境，故选A。 【41题详解】 根后文“According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知的) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste.(根据这一理论，隐喻映射是一种认知关联，通常是通过经验习得的，它最终允许人们用更容易察觉的术语来思考抽象概念，比如味道)”可知，空处提到了一种理论，故E选项“其核心思想是，隐喻将抽象概念（如善意）映射到更具体的领域（如甜味体验），以帮助理解”符合语境，故选E。 【42题详解】 根据上文“A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures.(本周发表的一篇新期刊文章旨在研究甜味偏好和亲和性之间的联系是否在不同文化中都存在)”以及后文“Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.) that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy.(参与者完成了一份包含10个项目的宜人性量表，该量表要求他们用1（非常不准确）到5（非常准确）的量表来衡量某些陈述在多大程度上描述了他们，例如“同情他人的感受”、“为他人抽出时间”、“有一颗柔软的心”。参与者还完成了一份甜味偏好量表，其中有10种物品（如糖果、巧克力蛋糕、蜂蜜等），他们用1（非常不喜欢）到6（非常喜欢）的等级给它们打分。此外，参与者还对五种口味的喜好程度进行了打分：甜、酸、咸、苦和辣)”可知，上文提到“甜味偏好和亲和性之间的联系是否在不同文化中都存在”，下文提到了结果，故此处应是在说为了研究这个问题，研究人员做了什么，故C选项“为了回答这个问题，这项研究测试了来自四个国家的1650名参与者”符合语境，故选C。 【43题详解】 根据后文“Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework.(特别是，喜欢甜食的人更有可能“同情别人的感受”，“为别人抽出时间”，“有一颗柔软的心”，等等。因此，该研究的结果表明，不同文化的人都使用甜味体验来理解或概念化符合理论框架的美好)”可知，后文提到喜欢甜食的人更有可能“同情别人的感受”，“为别人抽出时间”，“有一颗柔软的心”，说明喜欢甜食的人更有可能更有亲和性。故F选项“研究发现，在所有样本中，亲和性与两种不同的甜味偏好呈正相关”符合语境，故选F。 Ⅳ．Summary Writing(7%) 44. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 70 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Dumb phones (非智能手机) are making a comeback It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. Nine in ten American adults own one, and they spend 3 hours and 45 minutes on them a day, on average. New versions updated with artificial intelligence may be even harder to put down. Yet a market is also growing for phones that are simple-designed. These dumb phones account for just 2% of phone sales in America. But demand is growing. In 2016, a Finnish firm bought the rights to relaunch the devices of Nokia, which is now selling “tens of thousands” of flip-phones (翻盖式手机) a month in America. Dumb phones today do not only copy those of the past, though. Startups offer simple-designed devices of their own. One example is the Light Phone, which is shaped like an iPod and has an e-ink screen like a Kindle. It also allows users to add optional “tools” including a podcast-player and a directions app. What explains the return of the dumb phone? One factor is anxiety over the impact of smartphones — and social-media apps in particular — on young people’s mental health. That is why Eton, a well-known British school, announced in July that it would bar its future prime ministers from bringing smartphones to school, and would provide them with Nokia phones instead. But plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. Jose Briones, who hosts a conference focused on dumb phones on Reddit, a social-media site, switched to the Light Phone after growing alarmed at his rising screen-time record. Like many new comers, he still keeps a smartphone for situations such as travelling abroad. Other smartphone addicts are instead choosing to simplify their devices, either by deleting apps or downloading ones that control screen time, of which there are a growing number. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Non-smart phones are regaining popularity. Although smart phones are prevalent, the demand for non-smart phones is growing, with both re-launched old models and new designs. One factor is anxiety about smart phone impacts on young people’s mental health. The other factor is that plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。非智能手机正重新流行。尽管智能手机普及，但非智能手机需求在增长，不仅有复刻款，还有新创品牌。其回归原因包括对智能手机危害的担忧，以及年轻人和成年人都有选择非智能手机的情况。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Dumb phones (非智能手机) are making a comeback ②It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days.  ③But demand is growing. ④Dumb phones today do not only copy those of the past, though. Startups offer simple-designed devices of their own.  ⑤One factor is anxiety over the impact of smartphones — and social-media apps in particular — on young people’s mental health.  ⑥But plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will.  2.缜密构思将第2、3、4三个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行重写。 3.遣词造句 Dumb phones are making a comeback Despite prevalence of smart phones, the demand for non-smart phones is growing, with both re-launched old models and new designs. One factor is anxiety about smart phone influences on young people’s mental health.  The other reason is that many grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Although smart phones are prevalent, the demand for non-smart phones is growing, with both re-launched old models and new designs.(运用although引导的让步状语从句对第一段和第二段进行总结，表达高级) [高分句型2] The other factor is that plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will.(用that引导的表语从句对最后一段进行概括，表达高级) Ⅴ．Translation(12%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or requirements given in the brackets. 45. 这项发明使她在学术圈内获得赞誉。(gain) (汉译英) 【答案】This invention gained her acclaim within the academic community. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词，时态和介词短语。分析句子，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。主语“这项发明”用this invention；表示“获得赞誉”用gain sb. acclaim，结合句意中的“她”可知用 gained her acclaim；状语“在学术圈内”用within the academic community。故翻译为This invention gained her acclaim within the academic community. 46. 学校功课太忙，我可没有心情看这个动画片。(mood) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I’m too busy with schoolwork and I’m not in the mood to watch this cartoon. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、不定式。表示“我”用I，作主语。表示“太忙了”用be too busy with，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为I，be动词用am。表示“学校作业”用schoolwork，作with的宾语。用and连接两个句子。and后的句子中：表示“我”用I，作主语；表示“有心情做某事”用be in the mood to do sth.，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为I，be动词用am，本句用am not in the mood to；表示“看这个动画片”用watch this cartoon，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。故翻译为I’m too busy with schoolwork and I’m not in the mood to watch this cartoon. 47. 与二十年前不同，如今超市里的加工食品种类多样，应有尽有。（available）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Unlike twenty years ago, supermarkets today offer a wide variety of processed foods, with everything available under the sun. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语，时态，主谓一致和with复合结构。“与二十年前不同”是unlike twenty years ago，“如今超市里的加工食品种类多样”也可理解为“如今的超市提供多种多样的加工食品”，“如今的超市”是supermarkets today，“提供”是offer，句子描述事实，时态用一般现在时，主语supermarkets是复数，因此offer用原形，“多种多样的”是a wide variety of，“加工食品”是processed foods，“应有尽有”是with everything available under the sun，是with的复合结构，因此整句话翻译为“Unlike twenty years ago, supermarkets today offer a wide variety of processed foods, with everything available under the sun”。故翻译为Unlike twenty years ago, supermarkets today offer a wide variety of processed foods, with everything available under the sun. Ⅵ．Guided Writing(15%) 48. Directions: Write an English composition in about 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学高二学生李华，你们学校英语报开设了一个Advice Column专栏。学生George来信抱怨父母不尊重他关于社团（club）选择的决定并求助。请你通过该专栏给他写封回信： 1.提出你的建议； 2.简要说明你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear George, I’m sorry to hear that your parents don’t respect your decision on club selection. My advice is to have an open and sincere conversation with them. Explain to them the reasons behind your choice, like how the club can help you develop certain skills or pursue your interests. Parents often worry about our future, and by sharing your thoughts, they may understand you better. Also, listen to their concerns. Maybe they are worried that club activities will affect your studies. By addressing their worries, you can reach a better understanding. Remember, a good relationship is based on mutual understanding, which can be achieved through effective communication. I hope things will work out for you soon. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份，通过校英语报的Advice Column专栏，给选择社团时和父母发生矛盾的George回信，应首先就他的问题给出建议，并解释该做法的理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 追求：pursue→go after, chase 影响：affect→influence, impact 处理：address→tackle, cope with 实现：achieve→realize, accomplish 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：My advice is to have an open and sincere conversation with them. 拓展句：I suggest that you (should) have an open and sincere conversation with them. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Explain to them the reasons behind your choice, like how the club can help you develop certain skills or pursue your interests. (运用了how引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Remember, a good relationship is based on mutual understanding, which can be achieved through effective communication. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期高二英语教学质量调研试卷 (90分钟;100分) Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension(14%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear five short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．In a lab. B．In a gym. C．In a clinic. D．In a library. 2．A．It is better to hand in the essay later. B．It is too late to hand in the essay now. C．It’s not bad that the essay’s handed in. D．It won’t be long before the essay’s handed in. 3．A．Organizing a citywide charity event. B．Planning a trip for the disabled. C．Making suggestions for the city plan. D．Drafting a report on the disabled. 4．A．VR glasses are inconvenient to handle. B．The girl is satisfied with her VR glasses. C．VR glasses cause the girl’s poor eyesight. D．The man takes no interest in VR glasses. 5．A．The woman. B．The delivery. C．The overall experience. D．The product’s quality. Directions: In Section B, you will hear a short passage and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the conversation. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 6 through 8 are based on the following passage. 6．A．To enjoy food. B．To remain alive. C．To create chemicals. D．To arouse emotions. 7．A．The sides of the tongue are relatively less sensitive. B．The back of the tongue is quite sensitive to sourness. C．The entire tongue can detect sweetness and bitterness. D．Each zone of the tongue is responsible for one taste. 8．A．How taste works. B．Why tastes differ. C．How tongue adapts. D．Why taste buds matter. Questions 9 through 11 are based on the following conversation. 9．A．Ignored driving skills. B．Environmental impact. C．Increased traffic jams. D．Technology failure. 10．A．Reducing road accidents. B．Satisfying transportation needs. C．Assisting human drivers. D．Improving driving experience. 11．A．Concerns for self-driving. B．Fun summer self-driving. C．The necessity of learning to drive. D．The future of intelligent driving. Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary(22%) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Babies are less afraid when they can scent their mothers Babies feel relieved by the presence of their mother’s scent, according to research that looked at how their brains respond to fear. The idea behind it is ___1___ a familiar scent can comfort babies. “Some doctors tell new mums to put a(n) ___2___ (wear) T-shirt in the bed with their baby,” says Sarah Jessen at the University of Lubeck in Germany. ___3___ (investigate) whether this works Jessen presented photos of happy and fearful facial expressions to seventy six 7-month-old babies — the age by which they ___4___ (develop) their fear response. Each of the babies viewed the photos while they ___5___ (introduce) to either the familiar scent of their mother or a stranger’s scent. Jessen also measured electrical signals in the babies’ brains ___6___ (use) an EEG cap (脑电帽). Before the experiment, all the babies’ mothers were given a cotton T-shirt, ___7___ they slept in for three nights in a row. The mothers ___8___ use their normal shampoo and soap but were asked not to use any new products. ___9___ (see) photographs of fearful facial expressions usually generates a fear response in babies, which includes a specific pattern of electrical activity in their brains. Jessen found that those who could scent their mother didn’t have this pattern, ___10___ those who sensed a stranger’s scent did. These results suggest that a baby’s experience of scent can influence fear processing in their brain. Jessen says she wants to find out whether babies have a similar response to their father’s scent or to the scent of other people who they spend time ___11___. She says research like this helps us understand how babies perceive the world and ___12___ influences their development. This understanding could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for helping babies. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. anxious B. guarantee C. ignore D. linked E. missed F. overly G. respectively H. risks I. routines J. serious K. transported When exercise stops being good for you 150 minutes of exercise. a week: that’s how much we should all be doing. Does this mean that gyms are the best ways to ____13____ our health? Maybe, but they are not without their own health ____14____ Recent studies have suggested that some gym-goers’ cleanness requirements leave much to be desired. Bacteria (细菌) that can cause severe illness, such as food poisoning, was found on the surface of gym equipment. Sweat and the increased temperature caused by exercise can help dangerous bacteria grow on the skin, which can be ____15____ to our clothing. It might not just be the bacteria at a gym that could be harmful. Harmful gym culture may be leading people to feel judged or frightened. In a 2019 US study, over half those surveyed felt ____16____ when going to the gym. This feeling of being judged, and a(n) ____17____ competitive atmosphere, could create pressure to over-exercise. The Cleveland Clinic distinguishes between overreaching and over-training. The first is the result of a single instance of exercising too much, which leads to little more than muscle discomfort, while the latter is more long-term and can have more ____18____ consequences. Over-training has been ____19____ to injuries, reduced appetite and problems with sleep or weight gain. When exercise becomes a must, it can also be dangerous for our mental health. Wellness writer Taylor Leamey warns that feeling regret at ____20____ gym sessions or trying to use exercise as a way to control our bodies could be signs that exercise dependency is a problem. Of course, we shouldn’t ____21____ the fact that exercise can really help our physical and mental health, as long as we can maintain a healthy relationship with it. It’s essential to prioritize both the quality and safety of our exercise ____22____ Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension(30%) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D． Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Millions of people have installed (安装) mental health apps for everything from breathing exercises to guided meditation (深思). But an analysis now suggests that almost everyone ____23____ on such apps in just two weeks. Amit Baumel at the University of Haifa in Israel and his teammates analysed the use of 93 popular mental health apps. The ____24____ showed that, after 15 days, more than 94 per cent of users had stopped opening their apps. The team only studied apps that are available in English and that have been ____25____ at least 10000 times through the Google Play store. App use differed depending on the kind of ____26____ provided. On any given day, just over 4 per cent of people who have installed meditation apps will ____27____ them. But this figure is 17 per cent among those who have installed peer (同伴) -assistance apps, which ____28____ you to talk to someone who may be experiencing similar issues. The team hasn’t revealed which apps were included in the analysis. ____29____, the findings raise questions over how useful mental health apps are. Baumel says we don’t yet know how often someone needs to use such apps for them to be _____30_____. John Torous at Harvard Medical School says the study ____31____ what the clinical community has known for a long time: a lot of people abandon these apps. A spokesperson for the meditation app Headspace says the firm is improving ____32____ by allowing users to set daily reminders and by encouraging “clock-in” of app use. Derek Richards, chief scientist for mental health app SilverCloud, says a low-frequency use does not ____33____ mean mental health apps don’t work. Instead, it could be an indication of how ____34____ people are about these apps, and how easy it is to download them. 23. A. ends up B. comes up C. gives up D. sets up 24. A. data B. output C. ending D. file 25. A. translated B. downloaded C. packed D. attacked 26. A. support B. theme C. context D. figure 27. A. track B. identify C. abandon D. launch 28. A. beg B. enable C. forbid D. order 29. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Eventually 30. A. profitable B. educational C. predictable D. effective 31. A. doubts B. inquires C. confirms D. revises 32. A. engagement B. response C. frequency D. accuracy 33. A. only B. instantly C. rarely D. necessarily 34 A. familiar B. hesitant C. curious D. serious Section B Directions: Read the following passage. The passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Nightmares cause a lot of suffering or trouble to the sleepy, but scientists think that they’re just a natural part of healthy rest. They aren’t sure exactly why we have them, but it might have something to do with developing connections inside our brains. Dreams and nightmares may help with memory storage, emotional processing or training for real-life fight or flight situations. All three can be stressful, so it’s no wonder that dreams sometimes turn into nightmares. For some, foods that change body temperature or brain chemistry, such as sugar and alcohol, can contribute to bad dreams. For others, it can be something as simple as sleeping in an uncomfortable position. Physical health problems, such as a fever, can also cause nightmares, as can certain medications. Many people also find that their mental health affects their dreams. This is most pronounced in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD), where the brain reruns past events during the night, but everyday stresses can also flow into our sleep. Keeping a regular bedtime and taking the time to wind down before bed can really help to get you into the right mindset for restful sleep. You can reduce stress and anxiety by exercising during the day and avoiding stimulants such as caffeine in the run-up to bedtime, but one of the best things you can do to manage nightmares is to record and analyse them. If your mind is trying to work through memories, emotions and stressful situations in your dreams, it’s possible that there’s something to learn from them. You could look up a dream meaning online, but your own interpretation is likely to be more valuable. Use a weekly tracker to record your sleep, including any bad dreams you have because recording your nightmares could help you to manage them more effectively. One technique used in the treatment of nightmares associated with PTSD is image rehearsal. The idea is to practise visualising different endings to your nightmares during the day. This gives your brain a bank of new ideas to call on when you experience the nightmare for real. It works best for reoccurring nightmares, because they often end in the same way. Many people are able to work through their nightmares on their own, and some even learn to enjoy them, but if you’re struggling, it’s important to reach out for help. 35. From the first paragraph, it can be concluded that nightmares _______. A. are not a subject of science B. are not related to health C. damage one’s memory D. come from pressure 36. Which of the following activities most likely contributes to a nightmare according to the passage? A. Cooking a meal. B. Taking a drug. C. Going to bed late. D. Celebrating birthday. 37. The word “pronounced” in paragraph 2 has the closest meaning to ______. A. minimal B. sensational C. noticeable D. distant 38. It is suggested in the passage that a person should manage nightmares by ________. A. exercising before sleep B. searching online for treatment C. recording and sharing them D. imagining various conclusions 39. What is the passage mainly about? A. A search for clues to nightmares. B. A deep understanding of nightmares. C. Effective solutions to nightmares. D. Detailed comparisons of nightmares. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. People with a sweet tooth may also be sweeter people Research has shown that a preference for sweet foods is associated with agreeableness. ____40____ These links can be explained based on conceptual metaphor theory (概念隐喻理论). ____41____ According to the theory, metaphoric mappings are cognitive (认知的) associations, often learned through experience, that finally allow people to think about abstract concepts in terms that are more readily noticeable, such as taste. A new journal article published this week aimed to examine whether the association between sweet taste preferences and agreeableness occurs across cultures. ____42____ Participants completed a 10-item agreeableness scale that asked them how much certain statements describe them using a 1 (very inaccurate) to 5 (very accurate) scale, for example “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart”. Participants also completed a sweet taste preference scale, which had ten items (e. g. candy, chocolate cake, honey, etc.)that they rated using a 1 (dislike strongly) to 6 (like strongly) scale. Additionally, participants rated how much they liked five taste types: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and spicy. ____43____ Particularly, people who like sweet foods are more likely to “sympathize with others’ feelings,” “take time out for others,” “have a soft heart,” and so on. Therefore, the study’s results suggest that people across cultures use sweet taste experiences to understand or conceptualize niceness in line with the theory framework. A. The association matches terms sometimes used to describe kind and nice people (“sweet” or “sweetie”). B. It reveals a cross-cultural evidence of sweet taste preferences. C. To answer this question, the study tested 1650 participants from four countries. D. As the findings suggested significant connection between agreeableness and the two measures of taste preferences exists across all samples, contrasting the earlier findings. E. The central idea of it is that metaphors map abstract concepts (e. g. niceness) on more specific areas (e. g. sweet taste experiences) to aid understanding. F. The study found that agreeableness was positively related with the two different measures of sweet taste preferences in all the samples. Ⅳ．Summary Writing(7%) 44. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 70 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Dumb phones (非智能手机) are making a comeback It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. Nine in ten American adults own one, and they spend 3 hours and 45 minutes on them a day, on average. New versions updated with artificial intelligence may be even harder to put down. Yet a market is also growing for phones that are simple-designed. These dumb phones account for just 2% of phone sales in America. But demand is growing. In 2016, a Finnish firm bought the rights to relaunch the devices of Nokia, which is now selling “tens of thousands” of flip-phones (翻盖式手机) a month in America. Dumb phones today do not only copy those of the past, though. Startups offer simple-designed devices of their own. One example is the Light Phone, which is shaped like an iPod and has an e-ink screen like a Kindle. It also allows users to add optional “tools” including a podcast-player and a directions app. What explains the return of the dumb phone? One factor is anxiety over the impact of smartphones — and social-media apps in particular — on young people’s mental health. That is why Eton, a well-known British school, announced in July that it would bar its future prime ministers from bringing smartphones to school, and would provide them with Nokia phones instead. But plenty of grownups are also choosing dumb phones of their own free will. Jose Briones, who hosts a conference focused on dumb phones on Reddit, a social-media site, switched to the Light Phone after growing alarmed at his rising screen-time record. Like many new comers, he still keeps a smartphone for situations such as travelling abroad. Other smartphone addicts are instead choosing to simplify their devices, either by deleting apps or downloading ones that control screen time, of which there are a growing number. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ．Translation(12%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or requirements given in the brackets. 45. 这项发明使她在学术圈内获得赞誉。(gain) (汉译英) 46. 学校功课太忙，我可没有心情看这个动画片。(mood) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 47. 与二十年前不同，如今超市里的加工食品种类多样，应有尽有。（available）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ．Guided Writing(15%) 48. Directions: Write an English composition in about 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学高二学生李华，你们学校英语报开设了一个Advice Column专栏。学生George来信抱怨父母不尊重他关于社团（club）选择的决定并求助。请你通过该专栏给他写封回信： 1.提出你的建议； 2.简要说明你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$