内容正文:
中考二轮语法专题复习
讲与练
专题五 介词(1)
1
目录
01
形容词副词语法功能
02
分类及构成形式
03
形容词副词比较等级
04
即时训练
2
一、形容词的语法功能。
01形容词和副词的语法功能
功能 说 明 例 句
定语 名词前或不定代词后作定语 ①Mr Wang is a funny teacher.
王老师是一位有趣的老师。
②I have something important to say. 我有重要的事情要说。
表 语 系动词后作表语 It’s very cold today.
今天非常冷。
作宾语补足语
功能 说 明 例 句
宾语
补足语 keep, make, leave,find等动词的宾语后作宾语补足语 ①Don’t keep the window open.
别让窗户开着。
②Alice often makes us happy.
艾丽斯经常让我们高兴。
二、副词的语法功能
作状语 用来修饰形容词、副词, 常位于被修饰词的前面; Bill is very tall.
比尔非常高。
修饰动词时一般位于被修饰的动词之后 He jumps high.
他跳得高。
位于句首修饰整个句子 Luckily, he won the game. 幸运的是, 他赢得了比赛。
一、形容词分类
1.大多数形容词即可作定语又可作表语,但有少数形容词只能作表语,不能作定语,如:alive,asleep,alone,awake,afraid,pleased,ill,ready,sorry,well(身体健康),unable等。如只能说living people,不能说alive people
2.有些形容词只能作定语,不能作表语。如:pleasant,many,little,wooden,golden等。如:这是个木制的盒子:可以说This is a wooden box. 不能说 This box is wooden.
02、形容词、副词分类及其之间的转换形式
二、副词分类:副词种类比较多,常见的有程度副词和频度副词
程度副词:描述行为动作或状态的程度的副词,程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面。
常见程度副词有:very, too, so, quite, rather, pretty, enough, a lot/little/bit, kind of
频度副词:描述一定时间内动作发生的次数的副词,频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词,be动词之后。
常见频度副词有:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never
【注意】enough做副词时,放在所修饰的形容词和副词之后。如 He is not old enough to go school
作形容词时可置于名词前或后,初中阶段多在名词前。如,We have enough time to finish the work.
许多副词都是在形容词后直接加后缀-ly构成的,如,
quick – quickly careful – carefully 但要注意以下情况:
1.以le结尾的形容词需去e再加y, 如,possible – possibly, terrible- terribly, comfortable-comfortbly
2.以辅音字母加y结尾的需变y为i再加ly.如, easy – easily
3.一般以e结尾的直接加ly,不去e,如,wide- widely 但注意 true - truly
【注意】不是所有结尾是ly的词都是副词,如,friendly lovely, lonely, lively等是形容词。但其中有些词既是副词,又是形容词,如:early, hourly, monthly…
三、形容词转换成副词的构成形式
一、构成形式:形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化构成有两种形式:词尾加-er,est;在词前加more,most。采用何种形式,要看单词的音节多少和词尾的构成形式。
1.词尾加-er,est
1.词尾加-er,est
03形容词、副词比较等级
2.在词前加more,most
部分双音节和多音节词,在前面加more和most,如,
careful - more careful- most careful
important - more important - most important
interesting - more interesting -most interesting
beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful
比较等级的不规则构成
原级 比较级 最高级
many/much more most
little less least
good/ well better best
far farther farthest
1,原级比较
原级比较多适用于一个人或物,常见的修饰词有:very, too, so, quite, rather, pretty, enough, a lot/little/bit, kind of等表示程度的副词。如,I'm very tired.
原级间比较的句型
A.表示比较的双方相等时(A和B一样)用as…as结构,即:主语+谓语+as+形容词,副词原级+as
e.g. This jacket is as cheap as that one.这件夹克衫和那一件同样便宜。
B.表示比较双方不相等时(A不如B),用not as(so)…as,即:主语+谓语+not as(so)+形容词、副词原级+as
e.g. It isn’t as cold as yesterday.今天没有昨天那么冷。
二、比较等级的用法
2,比较级的用法
两个人或两个事物进行比较时用比较级,其常用结构是:主语+谓语+形容词、副词比较级+than+比较对象 e.g. I have two pencils. The red one is longer than the black one.
③使用形容词比较级时应注意的问题
A.形容词比较级前可加much,even,still,a lot,a bit,a little之类表示程度的状语
e.g. Your English is much better than mine.
B.有时形容词比较级后面不用than,所比较的另一方省略 e.g. Be more careful next time.
C.表示“两者之间较…”可用“the+形容词比较级+of the two” e.g. He is the stronger of the two.
D.比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越…” e.g. The story gets more and more exciting.
F.the+比较级+…the+比较级,表示“越…越…” e.g. The more he has, the more he wants.
3,最高级的用法
三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时用形容词最高级。形容词最高级前要加定冠词the,副词最高级可加也可不加。后面跟of词组或in词组,说明比较范围。其结构是:主语+谓语+the形容词、副词最高级+(名词)+比较范围(of词组或in词组)。
e.g. Jim is the tallest of the three.
常见句型有:one of the + 形容词最高级+名词的复数形式:最------的-----之一。如,He is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
the +序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数:第几最-----。如,The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
请参考下表的用法以便于记忆
级别 范 围 标 志 句 型
原级 一个人或物,
没有比较对象 very, too, so,
pretty等 as---as A和B一样
not as/so---as A不如B
比较级 两个人或物 than, much, even,
still, a little等 .比较级+and+比较级,(more and more +多音节词) “越来越…”.the+比较级+…the+比较级,越…越…
最高级 三个或三个以上 of/in短语: one of the + 形容词最高级+名词的复数形式:最------的----the +序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数:第几最-----
用所给单词适当形式填空
1. The boy looked__________(sadness)because he didn’t pass his maths exam.
2. Mom, I’m very__________(thank)for all your love.
3. The storybook is very__________(interest); I’m very__________(interest)in it.
4. Running Manis a popular show these days. Some well-known stars challenge themselves __________ (brave)to finish all kinds of tasks in it.
5. I fell off the bike on my way to school. __________ (luck), I wasn’t hurt.
04即时训练
答案: 1. sad 2. thankful 3. interesting; interested 4. bravely 5. Luckily
用所给单词适当形式填空
1. Look! The children are flying kites__________ (happy)on the playground.
2. I was very sad that I did__________(terrible)in the final exams.
3. If you’re late for a movie, please walk in__________ (quiet).
4. I am__________(true)sorry about it.
5. It rained__________(heavy)last night.
答案: 1. happily 2. terribly 3. quietly 4. truly 5. heavily
用所给单词适当形式填空
1. Emma looked after her pet dog__________(careful) of all her friends.
2. I jumped__________(high)than Bill in the sports meet last year.
3. —Whose home is__________(far)from school, Alice’s or Daisy’s?
—Alice’s, I think.
4. —What a clear blue sky!
—Yes, I have never seen a__________(beautiful)sky.
5. —How are you feeling now?
—I’m feeling much__________(bad)than before. Take me to the hospital, please.
答案: 1. the most carefully 2. higher 3. farther
4. more beautiful 5. worse
Thank you for listening
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