专题5 介词（课件）-2025年中考二轮语法专题复习讲与练

专题五 介词 中考二轮语法专题复习讲与练 目录 01. 时间介词 04. 即时训练 03. 其他介词 02. 方位介词 01 时间介词 知识概要 介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。常与动词构成动词短语，和名词等词构成介词短语。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on 1.at用于表示时刻、时刻的某一点 e.g. at eleven o’clock \ at noon \ at present 2.on用于表示星期几，某日，具体到某一天，节日，某天的上午、下午、晚上，即，特定的早，午，晚（在morning,afternoon,evening,night前有修饰词时，用on） e.g. on Saturday , On March 8th, on Sunday morning, on the afternoon of March 8th , on a cold night 3.in用于表示一段时间多用在年份，季节， 月份或morning,afternoon,evening前（注意：at noon/night） e.g. in December \ in spring, in 1970, in the morning/afternoon/ evening/night 口诀记忆 At时间点， in指月，季，年。 有on必有天。 特定早、午、晚用on 来接连。 4.表示前后用before，after A. before:在….之前 e.g. Come and see me tomorrow at any time before eleven a.m. B. after:在….之后 e.g. Spring comes after winter. 表示期限等用by，until，till A, by:在….之前，不迟于 e.g. By the time I arrived, she had already gone. B，Until，till:直到….为止 e.g. The radio worked all night till last night. 【注意】 until常与not连用，构成“not---until”结构，意为 “直到---才”。 5.表示期间等用for，during等 A.for:达….之久（加一段时间，表示过了多少时间，多用how long 提问） e.g. My Johnson stayed in China for 2 weeks. B.during:在…时期当中 e.g. He woke many times during the night. 6.表示时间的起点用from，since A.from:从….起 e.g. From sunrise to sunset he waited. B.since:自从….以来（多加过去时间点） e.g. Since my last letter I have heard from him twice. 7.表示时间的经过等用in，等 in:过….后（未来时间，多用how soon提问） e.g. I heard that she would be back in a month. 02 表示地点、方向的介词 1.表示场所的介词：at，in，on，under，below，near，by，between---and，among，around，round，in front of，behind，across from,next to e.g. There are many trees around the lake. 【注】表示“某地在….里”时要用in；表示“某地在另外一地某方向”时要用on或to；如果两地有空间距离（不接壤）时，必须用to. 如， Taiwan is in the southeast of China.台湾位于中国的东南部。 Taiwan is to the south of Fujian 台湾在福建的南部。 Laiwu is on the east of Taian 莱芜在泰安的东部。 2.表示方向的介词：in，into，out of，along，down，across，through，to，towards，for，from，over，by，past e.g. You must put the dirty paper in the basket. 【注】across和 through的区别：across 从...的表面穿过，through从...的内部穿过。表示游渡，乘船过海或过河时用across.如， The river runs through the city. Go across the bidge, you’ll find the park 【注意】常用方位介词短语小结 in front of 在---前面。如，There is a big tree in front of our classroom. in the front of 在---前部。如，Tom is sitting in the front of the classroom. at the back of 在---后部。如，There is a blackboard at the back of the classroom. next to 靠近，相邻。如，The post office is next to a hospital. across from 在---对过。如， There is a post office across from the hospital. between---and 在---和---之间。如，There is a post office between the hospital and the library. 03 其他介词 1,表示原因的介词短语because of e.g. Because of her illness my grandma stayed in bed for a week. 【注】because, because of 的区别： because是连词后接从句，because of 后接名词或名词性短语。 如， Because of her illness my grandma stayed in bed for a week.= My grandma stayed in bed for a week because she was ill. 2.表示手段和材料等用法的介词:with，in，by 1),with：和…在一起，带有、具有，用某种具体工具、材料或人体器官 I believe it with my eyes. He is cutting paper with a knife . Can I write the exam paper with a pen 常用短语：with the help of 2），in：以…形式，以…方式；用…语言/声音，表示穿...衣着，用墨水、颜料等原料等。e.g. She keeps a diary in English. 3）by：用...手段或方式。 如， The old man had to make a living by selling vegetables 在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。 by taxi=in a taxi by train=in a train by bike=on a bikeby ship=on a ship by boat=in a boat by bus=on a busby plane=on a plane by air 空运 by land 陆运by sea 海运 on foot 3,表示“由….制成”的介词:of，from A.of：表示成品看得出原材料 e.g. The table is made of wood. B.from：表示成品看不出原材料 e.g. This kind of paper is made from wood. 4, beside, besides, exept beside 是"在……旁边"，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是"除……之外，不仅……而且……，除了……以外还有……"， 如：I studied English besides French, when I was in college. 而except 则是除------之外（不再有），如：I come here every day except Sunday. Everyone else in my class was invited except me. 5.without，like，as，against等介词用法 A.without：没有 e.g. He rushed to the office without having his breakfast. 【注】常用短语：without one’s help B.like：像，如，跟…一样 e.g. What’s he like? C.as：作为 e.g. He is famous as a scientist here. D.against：靠着，反对 e.g. Don’t stand against the door. We are against building a new zoo in our city. 常用短语：be against (doing) sth; have nothing against 04即时训练 :用适当的介词填空 1. For many Western people, they drink cold water even__________winter. 2. Most of my classmates were born__________June, 1998. 3. My father will be back from Beijing__________a week. 4. My sister was born________a cold winter morning. 5. —When did the accident happen? —It happened__________9: 15__________the morning of April 1st, 2015. 答案: 1. in　2. in　3. in　4. on　5. at; on 介词填空 1. Miss Li lives________that building. She lives_______ the sixth floor. 2. —Would you please tell me the way_______the Pacific Hotel? —Go past the post office, and you’ll find it on the left. 3. The bank is________the bookstore and the post office. 4. Helen is friendly and she always has a smile________ her face. 5. I often go to the bookstore________ Quancheng Road although it’s crowded. 答案: 1. in; on　2. to　3. between　4. on　5. on 介词填空 1. Jack had to stop working though it was__________ his own wishes. 2. Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn’t kill them__________food or clothing. 3. Welcome to our store. We have skirts__________all colors__________$16 each. 4. —Is everyone here now? —__________Tom. He has gone to his hometown. 5. My sister is still angry__________me because I broke her new glass yesterday. 答案: 1. against　2. for　3. in; for　4. Except　5. with THANK YOU $$