基本句子成分和句型结构 课件 2024-2025学年高一英语初稿衔接课程

1. smiles. A. Gallerani B. Mona Lisa B 2. painted the masterpiece.(杰作) A. Da Vinci B. Van Gogh A 3. The painting is . A. Expensive B. Priceless B 4. Da Vinci gave his the painting before he died . A. student B. son A 5. The king of France had the painting stored in . A. the Louvre Museum B. British Museum A 1. Mona Lisa smiles. 2. Da Vinci painted the masterpiece. 3. The painting is priceless. 4. Da Vinci gave his student the painting. 5. The king of France had the painting stored in the Louvre Museum. 英语句子是由不同的成分组成的！ 句子成分是按照一定的顺序排列的！ 1. Mona Lisa smiles. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于 。 谓语（predicate）：说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由 充 当，放在 之后。 句首 动词 主语 1. Mona Lisa smiles. 分析句子成分： She disappeared from my sight. 2. Da Vinci painted the masterpiece. 宾语（object）: 动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放 在 或 后面 介词 及物动词 分析句子成分： I passed the final exam. Da Vinci painted the masterpiece Intransitive Verbs (vi.)不及物动词 The car stopped. He died. Look at the blackboard. He never listens to classical music. 不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语。如需要加宾语，需要添加介词 3. The painting is priceless. 表语（predicative）：跟在 后面的词语或从句,用来说 明主语的身份、特征、状态、。 系动词 分析句子成分： The activity is exciting. The painting is 常见系动词：be, 感官动词：look,sound,smell,taste,feel 变得，成为：become, get, turn(颜色),grow(成长), go(bad,mad) 保持：keep, stay, remain 证明是：turn out, prove 似乎：seem,appear 4. Da Vinci gave his student the painting. 是谓语动词的承受者,一般是物。 紧接在谓语动词后，表示动作是对谁或谁做的,一般是人。 间接宾语 直接宾语 分析句子成分： My mother sent me a gift. Da Vinci gave the painting his student 5. The king of France had the painting stored in the Louvre Museum. 宾语补足语（completement) : 宾语补足语跟在 之后，使句子意义 更加完整。 宾语 分析句子成分： The story makes me happy. The king of France had the painting stored 快速找 1. We love China. 宾语 China 快速找 2. The flowers are beautiful. 表语 beautiful 快速找 3. My little brother can cook. 谓语 can cook 复合谓语： 由情态动词+动词或者助动词+动词组成, 如： can sing\ are working\ has gone等 What do these mean? 描述主语“是什么”或“为什么”的整体成分。 分为简单谓语和复合谓语。 简单谓语：动词或动词词组。 复合谓语：1.情态动词或助动词加动词原形。 2.系动词加表语。 谓语体现了句子的时态。 Example 简单谓语： He likes apples. He went for a walk. verb 谓语 Example 复合谓语： 1. He can dance.（情态动词加动词原形） 2. He doesn’t like apples.（助动词加动词原形） 3. She is beautiful.（系动词加表语） 4. That sounds good.（系动词加表语） 17 快速找 4. She passes me the ball. 直接宾语 the ball 快速找 5. The music makes me quiet. 宾语补足语 quiet 描述谓语动词状态的成分。 这种描述的状态可以是：时间、地点、原因、程度、让步、比较、伴随。 一般为副词、副词词组或者从句。 Example 1. I finished my homework two weeks ago.（时间） 2. He is playing computer games in his room.（地点） 3. She is absent because of her illness.（原因） 4. She exercises twice a week.（频繁程度） 5. She passed the exam though she didn’t work hard.（让步） 6. We are greater than we think.（比较） 7. She walked into the classroom with a book in her hand.（伴随） adverbial 状语 20 sentence constituents 句子成分 What do these mean? 用来修饰和形容名词的成分，相当于形容词。 分为前置定语和后置定语。 Example 1. The friendly teacher helps me a lot.（前置定语） 2. He is a bad boy who is only 13 years old.（后置定语） attributive 定语 21 sentence constituents 句子成分 What does a sentence have? subject verb object attributive adverbial complement 主干 subject 主语 verb 谓语 object宾语 修饰 attributive 定语 adverbial 状语 complement 补语 22 $$