2025年中考英语备考语法知识篇之名词 课件

中考备考之语法知识篇 名 词 目 录 CONTENTS 01 考点导图 02 中考考点回顾 03 考点精讲精练 04 语篇考点专练 考点导图 中考考点回顾 编者按 此部分汇总了广东中考真题,梳理了语法选择、完形填空以及短文填空的近3年考情,分析命题规律,探究命题趋势。 考点 题型 考 频 (5年25考) 考点内容 名词词义辨析 完形填空 5年14考 2020: look, change, decision 2021: advantage, space, reply 2022: vegetable, family 2023: time, baby, idea 2024: job, reason, scientist 可数名词及其单、复数 语法选择 5年1考 2021: watch birds 短文填空 5年5考 2020: came up with an idea 2021: forty-seven letters 2023: have a good habit of 2024: cities, answer 考点 题型 考 频 (5年25考) 考点内容 不可数名词 短文填空 5年2考 2020:raise money 2022:hot water 名词所有格 语法选择 5年2考 2022: her music teacher's favorite student 2024: one hour's bus ride 短文填空 5年1考 2023:the invention of toothbrushes 在近3年广东中考中,语法选择主要考查可数名词的单复数及名词所有格:(1)名词作主语和宾语:可根据上下文和句意以及空格前后判断名词的单复数形式(2)名词所有格作定语修饰后面的名词(词组)。 1People could enjoy the scenery (风景) and watch _36_ there. A. bird B. birds C. bird's D. birds' 考点解析 考查复数可数名词。空格前无限定词,复数可数名词作宾语。故选B。 2At primary school, she was her music _33_ favorite student. A.teacher B.teachers C.teacher's 考点解析 考查名词所有格。空格处作定语修饰后面的名词student,-'s结构表示所有格,意为“老师最喜爱的学生”。故选C。 2At primary school, she was her music _33_ favorite student. A.teacher B.teachers C.teacher's 考点解析 考查名词所有格。空格处作定语修饰后面的名词词组bus ride,-'s结构表示所有格,意为“一个小时的公交车车程”。故选C。 在近3年广东中考中,完形填空主要考查名词词义的辨析:学生可根据词汇复现或语境推断来确定答案。 1 In the next few weeks, Mr.Smith's interest in his _46_ kept growing. He bought new eyes, new hands and new feet. A. shape B. age C. life D. look 考点解析 句意:在接下来的几周里,史密斯先生对他的外表(look)越来越感兴趣。他买了新的眼睛、新的手和新的脚。故选D。 2However, the _48_ in the face and fingerprints brought him much trouble. A. smile B. change C. color D. kiss 考点解析 句意:然而,面部和指纹的改变(change)给他带来了很多麻烦。故选B。 3In the end, he decided to have his old body back! To his surprise, Mrs.Smith was unhappy with his _50_ because she could not bear (忍受) the bad smell of his old feet. A. interest B. condition C. decision D. situation 考点解析 句意:最后,他决定换回他的旧身体。令他惊讶的是,史密斯夫人对他的决定(decision)不满意,因为她无法忍受他以前那双脚的臭味。故选C。 4What are Sam's _44_? For one, he wrote, “My sister says I act like an alien (外星人).” A. dreams B. problems C. discoveries D. advantages 考点解析 句意:萨姆的优点(advantages)是什么呢?其中一点,他写道:“我姐姐说我表现得像一个外星人。”故选D。 5Sam also said he had watched almost all the _45_ movies he could find. A. war B. road C. space D. sports 考点解析 句意:萨姆还说,他几乎把能找到的太空(space)电影都看完了。故选C。 6 Sam soon got a _46_ from Bill Black, director of the agency. “We have received your letter …” A. job B. test C. reply D. ticket 考点解析 句意:萨姆很快就收到了该机构主任比尔 布莱克的回复(reply)。“我们已经收到了你的来信……”故选C。 7On the table she lays out some _41_ in season, such as carrots and tomatoes. A. fruits B. flowers C.leaves D.vegetables 考点解析 句意:她在桌上摆了一些应季的蔬菜(vegetables)。故选D。 8 Earlier that year, a fire broke out in her house. Molly's _43_ had a hard time. A. family B.class C.office D.team 考点解析 句意:那年早些时候,她的房子着火了。莫莉的家庭(family)过得很艰难。故选A。 9 “How can I make _42_ go faster? I can't wait to see …” A. air B. time C. light D. water 考点解析 句意:我怎样才能让时间(time)过得更快呢?故选B。 10 “I can't wait to see the _43_.” A. yard B. tree C. baby D. apple 11 She had a good _44_ when she saw the apple tree in the yard. A. job B. idea C. life D. trip 考点解析 句意:我迫不及待想要看到婴儿(baby)了。故选C。 考点解析 句意:当她看到院子里的苹果树时,她有了一个好主意(idea)。故选B。 12 Betty is a biologist. She studies brain diseases that come along with aging. Her _ 41_ is not an easy one. A. job B. book C. excuse D. exam 考点解析 句意:贝蒂是一位生物学家。她研究随着年龄增长而出现的脑部疾病。她的工作(job)不容易。故选A。 13 Another _46_ is that she is a creative thinker. “After all, science is all about problem-solving,” Betty said. A. reason B. example C. purpose D. decision 考点解析 句意:另一个原因(reason)是她是一个创造性的思想家。“毕竟,科学就是解决问题,”贝蒂说道。故选A。 14Few are born to be a _50_. A. dentist B. lawyer C. coach D. scientist 考点解析 句意:很少有人天生就是科学家(scientist)。故选D。 在近3年广东中考中,短文填空主要考查可数名词的单复数、不可数名词及名词所有格:(1)结合语境确定空格处词义,判断所填名词是否可数:①可数名词需通过语境或空格前后判断用单数还是复数;②不可数名词无形式上的变化;(2)of结构表示所有格。 1They wanted to raise _70_ to help their friends. 考点解析 考查不可数名词。根据句意可知此处表示“筹钱”,money是不可数名词。故填money。 2Then she came up with an _71_. 3Lao Pan's new book includes his forty-seven _73_ to his family back in America. The letters … 考点解析 考查单数可数名词。根据句意可知此处表示“想出了一个主意”,idea是可数名词,空前有an修饰,名词使用单数形式。故填idea。 考点解析 考查复数可数名词。此处是对下文letters的复现。故填letters。 4They just put fresh tea leaves into hot _ 71_. 5The _74_ of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life.(选项:invent) 考点解析 考查不可数名词。结合常识可知,煮茶是将茶叶放进开水里面,water是不可数名词。故填water。 考点解析 考查名词所有格。根据句意可知此处表示“牙刷的发明”,invent作动词,其名词形式为invention。故填invention。 6Today we have a good _75_ of brushing teeth.(选项:habit) 考点解析 考查单数可数名词。根据句意可知此处表示“一个刷牙的好习惯”,habit是可数名词,空格前有a修饰,名词使用单数形式。故填habit。 7In _71_ like Chengdu and Beijing, thousands of people have started to join in the biking craze.(选项:city) 考点解析 考查复数可数名词。根据下文可知此处表示“像成都和北京这样的城市”,city是可数名词,不止一个城市,名词使用复数形式。故填cities。 8Will the craze in China last for a long time? The _72_ is “Yes.”(选项:answer) 考点解析 考查单数可数名词。根据上文“Will the craze in China last for a long time?”可知此处指的是上文提到的这个问题的答案,answer是可数名词,根据is可知名词使用单数形式。故填answer。 考点精讲精练 考点1 可数名词及其单、复数(3年6考) 1. 可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 规 则 举 例 一般情况下,直接在名词后加-s desk desks, chair chairs, book books 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词,在词尾加-es bus buses, box boxes, brush brushes, watch watches 以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es baby babies, story stories, city cities 规 则 举 例 以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加-es leaf leaves, knife knives, thief thieves 以o结尾的名词变复数时,一般表示无生命含义的词加-s,表示有生命含义的词加-es radio radios, photo photos, piano pianos; potato potatoes,tomato tomatoes, hero heroes 2. 可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化 类 别 举 例 改变单数可数名词中的元音字母(a e,oo ee) man men, woman women, tooth teeth 单复数形式相同 deer deer, sheep sheep 表示“某国人”: (1)中日不变; (2)英法变a为e; (3)其他-s加后面 【口诀】中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面 Chinese Chinese, Japanese Japanese; Englishman Englishmen, Frenchman Frenchmen; German Germans, American Americans 类 别 举 例 由两个名词组成的名词词组(合成名词): (1)一般情况下把最后一个单词变为复数; (2)当前面一个单词是man或woman时,前后两个名词都要变为复数; (3)sport作定语修饰其他名词时,常用复数形式 a girl student two girl students; a man teacher two men teachers, a woman nurse two women nurses; a sports cap three sports caps 其他特殊变化 mouse mice, child children, ox oxen 【拓展】 (1)集体名词如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示个体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有:family, class, team, group, army等。 例 My family is a big one in the village.在村子里,我的家庭是一个大家族。 My family are busy doing their own things now.我的家人现在正忙于做自己的事情。 (2)一般以复数形式出现的名词有:people, police, trousers, socks, clothes, glasses, gloves, shorts, scissors等。 例 She wears a pair of glasses. 她戴着一副眼镜。 (3)以-s结尾却表示单数或不可数的名词有:news, politics(政治), physics等。 例 Physics is one of my favorite subjects. 物理是我最喜欢的科目之一。 3. 可数名词的量 分 类 规 则 举 例 精确的量 数量为1:a/an /one+单数可数名词 a boy一个男孩 数量大于1: 数词+复数可数名词 数词+量词+of+复数可数名词 five students十个学生, ten boxes of books十箱书 大概的量 修饰词+复数可数名词 a few chairs一些椅子, several keys几把钥匙 例 There is an apple,a banana and some oranges on the table. 桌子上有一个苹果、一根香蕉和一些橙子。 (基础过关)单项填空 ( )1. Helen keeps English diaries every day as a _ to develop her writing skills. A. habit B. present C.victory D.dream ( )2. There are many famous _ in the Chinese history. A. woman hero B.women heroes C. woman heroes A B ( )3. Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful _ in China this year. A.city B.cities C.citys ( )4. —What animals did you see on the farm, Tom? —I saw some _. A. rabbit B. ducks C.sheeps ( )5. There are many _ in the sports center. A. peoples B.people's C.people B B C (能力过关)用所给单词的适当形式填空 6. Last winter holiday, we met some _ (German) in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much. 7. These nice _ (photo)were taken by my teachers last week. 8. There are many _ (sheep) eating grass over there. Germans photos sheep 9. Yuan Longping is one of our national _ (hero). We admire him very much. 10. —Tom! Please brush your _ (tooth) carefully twice a day! —OK, I will. heroes teeth 考点2 不可数名词 1. 常考的不可数名词 类 别 举 例 食物 rice,bread,meat,pork,beef,butter,salt,cheese,popcorn 液体 water,juice,milk,wine,tea,coffee,soup,beer,oil,blood 材料 paper(纸),wood(木头 ),silk,cotton,plastic,glass(玻璃),silver 自然 weather,snow,rain,wind,ice,fire,soil,sand,air,smoke 其他 news,information,time,money,advice,knowledge,homework 2. 不可数名词的量 类 别 规 则 举 例 精确的量 数词+量词+of+不可数名词 four pieces of bread四片面包,a cup of juice一杯果汁 大概的量 修饰词+不可数名词 some water一些水,little money几乎没有钱 【 注 意 】all,some,any,enough,a lot of,lots of,plenty of等既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词 【拓展】有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但意义不同 单 词 可 数 不可数 单 词 可 数 不可数 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 paper 报纸;试卷 纸 room 房间 空间 chicken 鸡 鸡肉 fish 鱼 鱼肉 orange 橙子 橙汁 time 次;倍 时间 work 著作;作品 工作 exercise 习题;体操 锻炼 experience 经历 经验 例 We can use these oranges to make orange. 我们可以用这些橙子制作橙汁。 【注意】fish作可数名词讲,表示鱼的种类时,复数形式为fishes;表示鱼的数量时,单复数同形,均为fish。 例 There are three fishes in the pool. I can see several gold fish in it.池子里有3种类型的鱼。我能在里面看到几条金鱼。 (基础过关)单项填空 ( )1. After a month's efforts, the girl made much _ in math. A.problem B.project C.pollution D.progress ( )2. You can have a better understanding of Chinese _ by learning about Chinese clay art. A.dream B.courage C.culture D.power D C ( )3. Tony turns off the shower to save _ while he is washing his hair. A.time B.paper C.water D.money ( )4. —What are these in the bag? —They are _. A. three piece of chocolate B. three pieces of chocolate C. three pieces of chocolates C B ( )5. Hurry up! The graduation ceremony will begin in a second. We have _ time left. A.few B.a little C.little C (能力过关)选词填空,有两词为多余项 traffic food coffee communication energy rain environment traffic 6. —My holiday was terrible because of the heavy _. —I agree! There were too many cars on the road. 7. —I like the _ in that restaurant near our school. —Me, too. It has the best cooks in our town. 8. —World Sleep Day falls on March 21st. Do you think sleep is important? —I think so. Sleeping well can give you enough _. food energy 9. All in all, _ with friends is the best medicine for your mental health (心理健康). Hope my advice can help you. 10. It's bad for us to drink too much _. communication coffee 考点3 专有名词 【概念】专有名词是表示特定的、独一无二的人或物。其特点是:每个名词的第一个字母大写;一般无复数形式。 类 别 举 例 人名、地名、国家名、某国人、语言 Tom汤姆,London伦敦,China中国,American美国人, French法语 组织、机构、报刊 the United Nations联合国,Peking University北京大学, China Daily《中国日报》 星期、月份、节日 Monday星期一,December十二月,National Day国庆节 ( )1. _ is the first month of a year. A. January B. September C. October D. December ( )2. I used to live in Russia. I think _ that people speak there sounds beautiful. A. Russian B. Chinese C. German D. French A A ( )3. _ is on October 1st. We all celebrate it on that day. A. Women's Day B. National Day C. The Double Ninth Festival D. Tree Planting Day ( )4. China is located in _ and France belongs to _. A. Asia; Europe B. Africa; Europe C. Europe; Africa D. Europe; Asia ( )5. Jane is twelve and she is in _ this year. A. Grade six B. Six Grade C. Grade Six B A C 考点4 名词所有格 1. -'s结构表示所有格的用法(3年2考) 用 法 举 例 有生命的单数名词后加-'s my father's shoes爸爸的鞋子 有生命的复数名词,以s结尾后面加-’, 不以s结尾后面加-'s teachers'office教师办公室, Children's Day儿童节 表示几个人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加-'s Lily and Lucy's room莉莉和露西共有的一间房 表示每个人各自拥有,在每个名词后加-'s Lily's and Lucy's rooms莉莉和露西各自的房间 用 法 举 例 表示时间、距离、价格、世界、国家等的名词所有格,单数加-'s,复数加- ’ nine days'holiday 9天的假期,ten miles'journey 10英里 的旅程,fifteen dollars'worth价值15美元,the world's population世界的人口,China's industry中国工业 表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格,其后的名词可以省略 at Li Lei's在李雷家,at the doctor's在医生的诊所里 2. of结构表示所有格的用法 无生命的名词所有格一般用of结构来表达。 例 a map of China 一张中国地图,the end of this term 本学期末,the capital of our country 我们国家的首都,the foot of the hill 山脚 3. 双重所有格 (1)of+-'s所有格。例 a picture of Tom's 汤姆的一张图片 (2)of+名词性物主代词。例 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 4. 个别用to表示所有格 例 the key to the door 门的钥匙,the answer to the question 问题的答案,the way to school 去学校的路,the solution to the problem问题的解决办法 (基础过关)单项填空 ( )1. _ father works in the police station. A. Eric and Helen's B. Eric's and Helen's C. Eric's and Helen ( )2. A headmaster praised a boy for his brave act of using Heimlich maneuver (海姆立克急救法) to save his _ life. A.classmate' B.classmate's C.classmate A B ( )3. —_ Day is around the corner, but I don't have money to buy a gift for my dad. —Why not make a card by yourself? He will certainly love it. A. Fathers B. Father's C. Father B ( )4. My parents took me to the amusement park on _ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there. A. Children's B.Children C.Child's ( )5. Don't worry. There are a number of possible solutions _the problem. A. of B. to C. with A B (能力过关)用所给单词的适当形式填空 6. Many of the students never leave the hometown. It's these _ (teenager) dream to visit the Palace Museum. 7. We had a bad time that day, but the next _ (day) trip was pretty good. 8. It is reported that 30 _ (minute) walk every day is healthy enough. teenagers' day's minutes' 9. For further information on _ (tomorrow) weather conditions, call the hotline below. 10. A friend of _ (I) will come to visit my family this weekend. tomorrow's mine 语篇考点专练 一、完形填空 主题:感恩餐 词数:103 难度: 建议用时:3 mins Li Wei is a 15-year-old boy. He has a happy family. His _1_ always give him unconditional (无条件的) love. His father is a taxi driver who works more than 10 _2_ a day. His mother is a _3_ in a factory. ( )1.A.parents B.friends C.classmates D.teachers ( )2.A.minutes B.hours C.days D.months ( )3.A.driver B.doctor C.teacher D.worker A B D She gets up very early and goes to bed very late every day. They work very hard. So Li Wei wants to cook a meal for his parents to show his thanks and _4_. Last Saturday, after 2 hours' work, he served his parents some dumplings. Although the _5_ wasn't that delicious, they had a good time together! ( )4.A.luck B.love C.hope D.happiness ( )5.A.food B.work C.fruit D.news B A 二、短文填空 主题:学习并推广皮影戏 词数:115 难度: 建议用时:3 mins 请从方框内选择适当的词,并根据需要用其正确形式填空,使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意:每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。 many hour people story China of little Sam is a foreign student. He came to _1_ last year. He fell in love with shadow puppet play(皮影戏) during a visit to a museum. He decided to learn this art because he thought it was a great way to tell _2_ of Chinese culture. With the help of his Chinese friends, Sam built a shadow puppet play stage (舞台) and made some paper puppets. But learning to control the puppets is not easy. He spent _3_ practicing every day for several months. So far, Sam has successfully put several of his videos online and won _4_ fans. He wants to share the beauty _5_ this art with people from all over the world. China stories hours many of 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ China stories hours many of 三、语法选择 主题:爷爷的礼物 词数:187 难度: 建议用时:6 mins When my grandfather was a boy, he liked writing with a pen. His first short story was written with a silver pen. It was a gift from my _1_ mother for his tenth birthday. His name is still on the pen. ( )1.A.grandfather B.grandfather's C.grandfathers' B In an old photo, my grandfather is dressed in _2_ school uniform. You can see the pen through the front pocket of his shirt. It seems that he was always with his pen. No one was _3_ when Grandfather became a writer. So far, he has finished _4_ storybooks. People all over the world enjoy his _5_, including me. ( )2.A.a B.an C.the ( )3.A.surprise B.surprising C.surprised ( )4.A.many B.much C.little ( )5.A.story B.stories C.storys A C A B Last month, my parents and I _6_ Grandfather. It was an exciting time for us. Grandfather showed me _7_ writing desk. On the last day _8_ our visit, my grandfather asked me to close my eyes. Gently and _9_, he put his pen in my hands. Tears filled my _10_. At that moment I decided to be a writer, too. ( )6.A.visit B.visited C.will visit ( )7.A.him B.his C.he ( )8.A.of B.in C.from ( )9.A.care B.careful C.carefully ( )10.A.eye B.eyes C.eye's B B A C B I will never forget the connection I felt with my grandfather that day. It is one of the most important memories of my life. 四、完形填空 主题:盲女逐梦 词数:212 难度: 建议用时:8 mins Zeng Xiaomeng became blind a few months after she was born because of an illness. Years ago, she talked to her parents about her _1_ of learning to sing. So they sent her to a special education _2_. ( )1. A. dream B. story C. suggestion D. reason ( )2. A. hospital B. bookstore C. school D. company A C It is not easy for Zeng to learn songs. She needs to use Braille (盲文) to read the words of songs and practice the songs repeatedly. Although it usually takes her at least a month to learn a song, she never _3_. ( )3. A. wakes up B. gives up C. cuts up D. picks up B Zeng has a talent for _4_ and learns faster than others at the school. Her music teacher is proud of her. She posted a video of Zeng's singing online. Zeng's _5_ voice has amazed and touched many people. They left messages praising her. “Thanks for your openness (坦诚) and _6_. I will _7_ better and live better,” she replied to the messages. ( )4. A. English B. music C. art D. history ( )5. A. beautiful B. terrible C. boring D. interesting ( )6. A. improvement B. encouragement C. development D. movement ( )7. A. dance B. read C. sing D. write B A B C Music has brought great _8_ to Zeng's life and her personality. She felt much better about herself and got more _9_ to communicate with others after learning music. At her teacher's suggestion, she began to _10_ her own singing videos online last year. With music in her heart, she becomes more active and wants to plant her feet in the field of music in the future. ( )8. A. changes B. choices C. challenges D. examples ( )9. A. duty B. courage C. luck D. trouble ( )10. A. copy B. watch C. share D. learn A B C 五、短文填空 主题:我的朋友 词数:178 难度: 建议用时:6 mins 请从方框内选择适当的词,并根据需要用其正确形式填空,使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意:每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。 together I sport different a for England speak China knowledge in friend Do you have a friend with an interesting background? Today, I'd like to tell you about a friend of _1_ with it. I'll tell you a bit about her, such as where she's from and why we're good _2_. You know, I didn't use to do _3_. However, a couple of years ago, I joined _4_ fitness club. There, I met Linda. After the exercise, we had coffee _5_ and became good friends soon. I think we have a lot _6_ common. mine friends sports a together in together I sport different a for England speak China knowledge in friend We both like to keep fit and love trying different food. And we love the ocean. In summer, we like to play at the beach and go swimming there. Linda was born in London, but she has lived in _7_ for ten years. So she can _8_ both Chinese and English. That's something _9_ about us. Another difference is her background. Linda has experience and _10_ of two cultures. So, now you know a bit about my friend Linda. Although we might not always live in the same city in the future, I think we'll stay friends forever. (2024江苏盐城改编) China speak different knowledge together I sport different a for England speak China knowledge in friend 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _ mine friends sports a together in China speak different knowledge $$