Unit1 Past and present Grammar 课件 2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

牛津译林版八年级英语下册 Unit1 Past and present Grammar 八年级下册 Unit 1 Past and present Grammar Learning aims To learn the present perfect tense. To use the present perfect tense to talk about an action. Mr Chen knows Sunshine Town very well because he has lived there since he was born. But it is different from what it used to be. It has changed a lot. Some changes are amazing. For example, the government has closed the steel factory to make the river cleaner. Moreover, the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park. As a result, the environment is better than before. However, most of his old friends have moved away. What’s worse, Mr Chen’s children have moved out . He feels a bit lonely. Sometimes, they come back to see him. They have visited him many times this month. Revision the present perfect tense 设计意图 将Reading部分对话修改成一篇短文，将现在进行时结构融入其中，不仅复习了本单元Reading部分的内容，而且帮助学生对现在进行时结构有个初步认知。 基础较好的班级使用时可以将材料改成填空形式。 （2）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达) 通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(句中）, already(句中，句末）, before(句末）, yet（句末）, never（句中）, ever（句中）,recently(句末)等状语连用。例如： 1.Eddie has just eaten my food. (Eddie已经吃了我的食物。） 2.I have never heard of that before.（我以前从未听说过那件事） 3. Have you ever ridden a horse?（你曾经骑过马吗？） 4.She has already finished the work. （她早已经完成这个工作了。） 5.We haven’t finished our homework yet. (我们还没有完成作业呢。) 二、现在完成时的构成 （1）肯定句： I/We/You/They + 助动词have + p.p(过去分词）+其它。 He/She/It + 助动词has + p.p(过去分词）+其它。 e.g. They ______________ their homework. (finish） He ______________his homework. （finish) have finished has finished 1. He has lived there since he was born. 2. He feels a bit lonely because most of his old friends have moved away. 3. His children have visited him many times. an action that started in the past and continues to the present. an action that happened in the past and has a connection with present. how many times an action has happened till now. Concept 设计意图 将复习部分呈现的短文截取有代表性的句子帮助学生理解现在完成时时态的概念。 （2）否定句 I/We/You/They+have not / hasn’t +p.p(过去分词）+其它。 He/She/It +has not / hasn’t +p.p(过去分词）+其它。 e.g. They _______________ their homework yet (还未）. (finish） He _______________ his homework yet. （finish) haven’t finished hasn’t finished (3)一般疑问句及回答 ---Have+I/you/we/they+p.p(过去分词）+其它？ ---Yes, I/you/we/they have. ---No, I/you/we/they haven’t. ---Has +she/he/it+p.p(过去分词） +其它？ ---Yes, she/he/it has. ---No, she/he/it hasn’t. e.g. _______you _______the film?(watch) Yes, I _______. _______your father ________the film?(watch) No, he _______. Have watched have Has watched hasn’t (4)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p(过去分词）+其它？ e.g. The girl has learned English for 6 years. I have eaten two apples for breakfast. How long has the girl learned English? What have you eaten for breakfast? Present pertect tense 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。例如： 　　We are classmates (现在的情况） 　　I knew him in 1997. (过去的动作) 　　We have known each other since I was a student. （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在） Present pertect tense 表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。 常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。例如： 　　— Have you had breakfast yet? 　　— Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，吃过了。我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） Present pertect tense 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。 例如：　 I have been to China three times. Present pertect tense 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用；现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday； last week；…ago； in2002； in May； just now,the day before yesterday... 现在完成时的时间状语： already； ever； for； just； never； since； yet；so far； till/until； up to now；in the past few years； recently… 3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句句型 Have / Has + 主语 + PP + … Yes, 主语 + have / has. No, 主语 + have / has not. Have you finished the work? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Has she arrived here? Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. 17 17 现在完成时常与already(已经，用于肯定句)、yet (还，用于否定句与疑问句) 、 ever (曾经，常用于疑问句) 、never (从未) 、 just (刚刚) 、recently (最近) 、before (以前) 、 so far/up to now (到目前为止) 、 in the past/last few years (在过去的几年里) 、 for+ 一段时间, since +过去时间点/一段时间+ago或一般过去时的句子等连用。 三、常现在完成时连用的时间副词和时间短语 18 18 Present pertect tense have/has gone to：已经去了或在途中，还没有返回； have/has been to：曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语； have/has been in：表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。 1. borrow _______ 2. hope ______ 3. make ______ 4. get _______ 5. plan ________ 6. cry ____ 7. send _____ 8. watch _______ 9. say ______ 10. grow ______ 11. hit _____ 12. enjoy _______ Mr. Wu wants the students to practise using the present perfect tense. Help them write the past participles of the verbs below. (P 14) A borrowed hoped made got planned cried sent watched said grown hit enjoyed 1. They ____________ (finish) their homework already. 2. John _____ never _______ (visit) China. 3. Mr Li ____________ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday. 4. We ____________ (not see) each other for years. 5. My parents _____________ (not come) back yet. 6. Our teacher ___________ (teach) us a lot about the history of China. have finished have not come has taught have not seen has repaired has visited Mr. Wu asks the students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense. Help them complete the sentences. (P 14) B M: _____ you _____ (see) any films recently, Sandy? S: No, I haven’t. What about you? M: I ____ (see) one last Saturday. S: What’s it about? M: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I __________ (learn) more about Beijing’s past and present. S: Oh, I think I __________ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again? M: Yes, I’d like to. Have seen saw have learnt have heard Millie and Sandy are talking about a film about the history of Beijing. Complete their conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. (P 14) C 22 22 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化 举例 与原形相同 come—came—come run—ran—run 原形中的元音字母有变化 ring—rang—rung sing—sang—sung 在原形上加en eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen 在原形上加n see—saw—seen give—gave—given 在过去式上加n steal—stole—stolen break—broke—broken 原形、过去式和过去分词词形差异较大 do—did—done go—went—gone 重点单词： yet, recently, past Unit 1 Period 3 现在完成时的基本构成和用法： 现在完成时的动词构成：____________________; 动词过去分词的变化规则： 1.大多数词后加_____; 2.以字母e的词后加_____; 3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后 一个辅音字母再加_____; 4.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，将y改为__,再加____。 have/has + 动词的过去分词 ed d ed i ed 一、写出下列动词的过去分词。 work live stop clean play hope carry look study plan _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ worked looked cleaned played lived hoped stopped planned studied carried 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. I __________ (have) dinner. I am full. 2. We _________ (read) this story. I don't want to read it again. 3. They __________ (see) the movie. They can tell you something about it. 4. She __________ (keep) some nice toys since she was five. 5. Hurry up! Lunch _____ already ______ (begin). 6. We ___________ (wash) our clothes. They're clean now. have had have read have seen has kept has begun have washed $$