专项提升 动词的适当形式填空（针对选词填空）-【一战成名新中考】2025广西中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·精讲册优质课件PPT（讲册）

英语 1 第二部分 语法专题精讲练 专题一 动词 专项提升 动词的适当形式填空（针对选词填空） 2 考点精讲 动词在选词填空中必考2~3道，其中变形1道，考点主要涉及： ①动词的时态（样卷79）； ②动词的语态（2024.82，2023.78）； ③动词不定式（必考1道）； ④情态动词后用动词原形（样卷82）； ⑤祈使句中用动词原形（2024.85）。 3 在解答此类试题时, 考生可从以下两点入手： 1.根据语境和固定搭配选择符合语境的动词； 2.根据句子结构和语法知识判定动词是否变形。 动词的变形参考三个考向：时态和语态变化、非谓语变化和动词的词 性转换。具体如下： 4 考点1 时态和语态变化（必考1道） 填某种时态或语态的判定方法 若所填词在句中作谓语, 填词时需要考虑句子的时态和语态。具体情况如下： （1）若空前有will/be going to/would, 则要考虑将来时, 即填动词原形; （2）若空前有have/has, 则要考虑现在完成时, 即填过去分词； （3）当空前出现系动词be（am/is/are/was/were）, 需考虑2种变形： 填现在分词：主语为动作的发出者, 判定为现在进行时或过去进行时； 填过去分词：主语为动作的承受者, 判定为被动语态。 5 注意 如果句子的时态为一般现在时, 主语为第一人称、第二人称或第三人 称复数形式时, 谓语动词用动词原形；主语为第三人称单数时, 谓语动词 用动词的单三形式。 6 考点2 非谓语变化（必考1道） 《英语课程标准（2022年版）》要求考生掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾 语补足语和目的状语的用法。在选词填空中, 要求考生只能填写一个单词。 因此, 考生要熟记动词不定式的常见搭配与句型。 1.动词变不定式：填不定式的判定方法（见本书P103） 2.动词变动名词：填动名词的判定方法（见本书P104） 3.动词变分词 填现在分词的判定方法（见本书P105） 填过去分词的判定方法（见本书P105） 7 考点3 词性转换 1.动词变名词 （1）填名词的判定方法 ①所填词的前面有名词所有格/形容词性物主代词/指示代词/不定代词/限定 词/冠词/数词/形容词作定语修饰时； ②所填词位于动词或介词后作宾语； ③所填词位于系动词后作表语； ④所填词位于句首作主语。 动词变为名词后, 还需判断用名词的单数形式还是复数形式。判定方 法如下： 8 （2）填名词单数形式的判定方法 ①a/an/this/that/every/each/another/either/one/序数词/any other+可数名词单 数； ②可数名词单数+be 动词单数形式/谓语动词的单三形式； ③结合上下文语境或句中对应的提示词, 如：it, its； ④在某些固定短语、搭配或专有名词中。如：the Great Wall。 9 （3）填名词复数形式的判定方法 ①these/those/普通不定代词（many/some/several/few/a few/both/all/other等） /大于1的基数词/one of（+形容词最高级）/quite a few/a pair of/a couple of/a（great/large） number of/different kinds of/all kinds of+可数名词复数； ②both/either/neither/all/none of+可数名词复数； ③可数名词复数+be 动词复数形式/动词原形； ④结合上下文语境或句中对应的提示词, 如：them, their； ⑤通常用复数或只有复数形式的名词：chopsticks, clothes, glasses, scissors, socks, trousers等。 10 （4）变形方法 动词变名词规则表 构成 示例 v.+-er sing→singer work→worker play→player report→reporter teach→teacher farm→farmer 注意：以下动词是双写末尾字母再加-er run→runner win→winner 11 构成 示例 v.+-or act→actor direct→director invent→inventor visit→visitor 注意：以下动词是去掉末尾字母e再加-or translate→translator v.+-r dance→dancer love→lover drive→driver write→writer v.+-ress act→actress wait→waitress 12 构成 示例 v.+-ing mean→meaning build→building feel→feeling meet→meeting read→reading end→ending 注意：以下动词是双写末尾字母再加-ing begin→beginning swim→swimming 注意：以下动词是去掉末尾字母e再加-ing hike→hiking skate→skating 13 构成 示例 v.+-ment agree→agreement improve→improvement develop→development enjoy→enjoyment move→movement achieve→achievement 注意： 以下动词是去掉末尾字母e再加-ment argue→argument 14 构成 示例 v.+-ion act→action collect→collection direct→direction invent→invention discuss→discussion suggest→suggestion 注意：以下动词是去掉末尾字母e再加-ion celebrate→celebration communicate→communication congratulate→congratulation 15 构成 示例 v.+-ation expect后直接加-ation, 其余动词去掉末尾字母e再加-ation expect→expectation invite→invitation examine→examination prepare→preparation imagine→imagination organize→organization 16 构成 示例 v.+-tion 以下动词是去掉末尾字母e再加-tion introduce→introduction produce→production 特例：compete→competition describe→description pronounce→pronunciation decide→decision 17 构成 示例 其他 choose→choice fail→failure succeed→success die→death weigh→weight advise→advice 18 2.动词变形容词 （1）填形容词的判定方法 19 （2）变形方法 构成 示例 v.+- ed/-ing disappoint→disappointed/disappointing interest→interested/interesting relax→relaxed/relaxing 20 构成 示例 v.+- ed/-ing 注意：以下动词是加-d/去掉末尾字母e再加-ing excite→excited/exciting bore→bored/boring surprise→surprised/surprising tire→tired/tiring 注意：以下动词是变y为i再加-ed/直接加-ing satisfy→satisfied/satisfying worry→worried/worrying 21 构成 示例 v.+-ive act→active create→creative （去掉末尾字母e再加-ive） v.+- able comfort→comfortable enjoy→enjoyable 注意：以下动词是去掉末尾字母e再加-able value→valuable believe→believable 22 构成 示例 其他 break→broken die→dead live→alive sleep→asleep wake→awake 注意 若所填词与所给动词的意思相反, 则需要填其相应的反义词。动词变 反义形容词一般是先由动词变为形容词, 再加对应的否定词缀。如： believe→believable→unbelievable comfort→comfortable→uncomfortable 23 考点精练 一、选词填空基础练 Group 1 pronounce invent succeed fly recycle deal 1.Tea was first _________ by Shen Nong about 5,000 years ago. 2.My father _____ kites with me and we enjoyed ourselves last weekend. invented flew 24 3.People in many countries are encouraged to ________ paper, plastic and water. 4.Joe has prepared a lot for the exam, and he is sure that he will ________ in it. 5.We must _____ with the rubbish correctly so that we can reuse it better. 6.When we learn English, we must pay attention to ______________. recycle succeed deal pronunciation 25 Group 2 drive decide give translateallow follow spend 1.Mr. Wang asked me to _____ a speech on how to study English last Friday. 2.Many people believe that teenagers should be ________ to make their own decisions in some ways. 3.This machine can _________ simple messages into 24 different languages. 4.Eric is a sports fan and always ________ the latest sports news. give allowed translate follows 26 5.Half a month ago, we ______ the Dragon Boat Festival with our family together. 6.My father has made a _________ that he will buy a computer for me. 7.These bus ________ drive very carefully and pay much attention to passengers' safety. spent decision drivers 27 二、选词填空语篇练 Passage 1 need pour put tell drink taste think make Chinese tea has a long history. Do you know how to 1.______ a cup of tea? You may 2.______ it's simple. In fact, it is not. Now let me 3.____ you the steps. First, warm up your teapot by 4._________ boiled water into it. After a while, you need to pour the water out and 5._____ some tea in make think tell pouring put 28 the teapot. Next, pour fresh hot water over the tea and cover the teapot with its cap tightly（紧紧地）. Then brew（泡） the tea for five minutes. Good tea 6._______ much time to brew. But the tea will 7.______ bad if you brew it too long. Finally, pour the tea into your cup and you can 8._______ it. needs taste drink Passage 2 ride see surprise enjoy teach practise Alice has a cool bicycle. It is shiny and purple. It was a gift from her dad on her ninth birthday. Dad wanted to 1._________ Alice. When Alice 2._____ the bicycle, she jumped for joy because it was what she wanted. She gave her dad a big hug excitedly. Her dad decided to 3.______ her how to ride the bicycle. At first, she was nervous and often fell down from the bike. After 4.__________ for three days, she surprise saw teach practising 30 learned. She could 5._____ it by herself. Her mum smiled happily when she saw how well Alice rode. Now Alice 6._______ riding it to school. She can go anywhere even during rush hours. Alice loves her bicycle best among all the gifts, and she also loves her family more. ride enjoys Passage 3 jump take play be plant bring protect win What is a happy life? To this question, different people have different answers. I think my life is very happy. At school, I'm not one of the best students, but I have many good friends. We study together and 1._____ together. In my spare time, I like to do some sports. And I'm good at 2._________. play jumping 32 In the last school sports meeting, I 3.______ part in the long jump. Before the event, I practised hard. As a result, I became the 4.________ of it. I was so proud of myself. I have a happy family. We often go traveling during holidays. Last summer, we went to the mountains. It was my fourth trip to the poor village. We 5._________ them some clothes and books. They 6.______ so pleased and thankful. I was happy because I did something good to others. took winner brought were What's more, I care for the environment. Since I was five years old, I have 7.________ over ten trees in my neighborhood. I think it is our duty to 8.________ the environment. In a word, to do what I should do and what I can do makes me happy. planted protect $$