Unit8 Grammar Focus 现在完成时课件2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? Grammar Focus Have you read Little Women yet? Yes, I have./ No, I haven't. Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? Yes, she has. She thinks it's fantastic. Have you decided which book to write about yet? Yes, I have. I've already finished reading it. It was really good. Grammar Focus 现在完成时 现在完成时的定义 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的标志词 短暂性动词与时间段的关系 have been 与have gone 比较 与一般过去时的用法比较 1.动作从过去开始持续到现在 1) I have known him for ten years. 2) He has learned a lot since he came. 2.发生在过去,对现在有影响 1) He has left the city. 2) I have lost my pen. 定义 构成 have/has + 过去分词 否定：have/has not + 过分 助动词 haven't/hasn't + 过分 肯定句 主语＋have/has＋动词的过去分词＋其他. 否定句 主语＋have/has＋not＋动词的过去分词＋其他. 一般疑问句和简略回答 Have/Has＋主语＋动词的过去分词＋其他? Yes,主语＋have/has. No,主语＋have/has not. 构成 肯定句：I have finished my homework. 否定句：I have not finished my homework. haven't 一般疑问句：Have you finished your homework? 回答：Yes, I have. No, I have not. 肯定句：She has had this book for two days. 否定句：She has not had this book for two days. hasn't 一般疑问句：Has she had this book for two days? 回答：Yes, she has. No, she has not. 时间标志词 ◆常与以下时间状语连用： ①already ③ever ⑤since ⑦up to now ⑨just ②yet ④never ⑥for +时间段 ⑧so far ⑩these days 1&2 already&yet eg: I have already had breakfast. 我已经吃过早饭了。 I haven’t done my homework yet. 我还没有做作业。 He worked hard, yet he failed. 他工作努力，但是他失败了。 already “已经” 肯定句 实前助(have/has)后 yet “尚未” 否定/疑问句 句末 “然而” =but 连词 现在完成时中，含有already 的肯定句变为否定/疑问句时，要把already 改为yet，并放于句末。 eg: I have already finished reading the book. 我已经读完这本书了。 → I haven’t finished reading the book yet. 我还未读完这本书。 → Have you finished reading the book yet? 你已经读完这本书了吗？ 1&2 already&yet转换 3 ever 否定/疑问句中，实前助后 eg:你曾经去过伦敦吗？ Have you ever been to London? 4 never 常与before连用，实前助后 eg:我从没有乘飞机旅游过。 I have never traveled by plane before. eg:我从前从未听过这个歌手。 I have never heard of the singer before. 5 since eg:自从2017年我就住在这。 I have lived here since 2017. eg:两年前我就住在这。 I have lived here since 2 years ago. eg:自从我到这我学到了很多。 I have learned a lot since I came here. eg:从她的父亲去世已有3年了。 It is/It has been 3 years since his father died. 6 延续V + for + 一段时间 eg:我已经学英语10年了。 I have learned English for 10 years. eg:自从10年前我就开始学英语了。 I have learned English since 10 years ago. = since + 时间段 + ago 7&8 up to now&so far eg:到目前为止，这本书我已经读了20页。 Up to now/So far, I have finished reading 20 pages of the book. 9 just 表动作刚结束 eg:他刚从美国回来。 He has just come back from America. ≠ just now 10 these days 看语境 eg:你这些天做了什么？ What have you done these days? eg:我这些天在读一本有趣的书。 I am reading an interesting book these days. eg:你最近怎么样？ How are you these days? 11 in/over/during the past + 一段时间 eg:在过去的几周，他学了很多。 In the past few weeks, he has learned a lot. 12 once, twice, three times eg:我去过北京三次。 I have been to Beijing three times. 1.—Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it? —In April. I______ it for two months. (黄冈) A. have had B. had C. have bought D. bought A 2. I ______ in the city since I left school. (天津) A. live B. will live C. was living D. have lived D 3. —Has your sister finished reading ________? —Yes. She has________ finished. A. yet; yet B. yet; already C. already; yet B 4. —Do you know if Jack will drive to London this weekend? —Jack? Never! He________driving so far. A. has hated B. will hate C. hated D.hates D 短暂性动词与时间段的关系 ●短暂性动词不能与时间段连用，如： ①become ②begin ③buy ④borrow ⑤come (go, arrive) ⑥die ⑦finish ⑧join ⑨ leave become →be borrow → keep die→ be dead join→ be in …（be a member of … ） leave→ be away ( from…) come (go) →be here/there open→be open wake up→be awake arrive/reach→be begin/start→be on buy→ have finish→ be over close→be closed put on→wear get up→be up fall asleep→be asleep lose→not have ●常用延续性动词 来代替 be + prep./adv./adj. have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to ：“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to ：“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in/at ：呆在某处一段时间了 Has she ever to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ She has to Nanjing. You have never there, have you? I have for many years. 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ 我在这儿呆了很多年。 她已经去南京了。 been been been here gone 与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时 强调现在的结果/影响/一直延续到现在 一般过去时 只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情，与现在没有关系 He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it.” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典” 。 第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。 常与一般过去时连用的表过去的时间状语: yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间 等; The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week . 现在完成时练习 单项选择 1. —The boy misses his parents very much. — So he does. They_______ the hometown for nearly two years. (福州) A. have left B. will leave C. have been away from 【点拨】考查动词时态。根据时间状语for nearly two years 可知用现在完成时态，排除B 项；动词leave是非延续性动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用，应用be away from。故选C。 C 来自《点拨》 2. William Shakespeare ______for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today. (青岛) A. died B. was dying C. has died D. has been dead D 3. —Look! Somebody________ the lights. —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. (连云港) A. turns off B. is turning off C. was turning off D. has turned off 【点拨】考查时态。句意：——看！有人把灯关了。——哦，不是我。我没做。由后文大意“我没做” 可推知：此处强调已经发生的动作，且对现在造成了影响，故用现在完成时，选D。 D 4. —Peter, you speak Chinese so well. — Thank you. I_____Chinese since I came here in 2013. (扬州) A. will learn B. learned C. have learned D. learn 【点拨】考查现在完成时态的用法。“since+ 一般过去时句子”表示“自从……以来”，主句应该用现在完成时。故选C。 C 5. I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it_______ a lot over the years. (安徽) A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed 【点拨】考查动词时态。根据句意及句中时间状语over the years 可知，这里指的是“过去的动作对现在的影响”，应用现在完成时态表达。故选D。 D 动 词 填 空 1._____ you ________(clean) the room? Yes, we __________(do) that already. When _______ you ______(do) it? We _______(do) it an hour ago. 2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes. When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week. 3. How many times _____you______(be) there? Have cleaned have done did do did Has seen did see saw have been 4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting. 5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes. How ______ she _______(go) there? She _______(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _______________(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year. have read has gone did go went have developed gave has given 选用 for和 since填空: 1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. 6. It’s five years _______ we met last time. for since for since for since 用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空 Mike and his parents the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she the shop. ______ you ever _____ to Kunming ? Never. Where _____ you ______ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he here for several days. Where is Peter? I don’t know where he . Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? Li Lei is looking for you. have been in has gone to have Have has been has gone been been been have 改 错 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years. studied kept been gone been The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks.  A didn’t clean B hadn’t cleaned C don’t clean D haven’t cleaned 2. ---____the sports meeting might be put off.  ---Yes, it all depends on the weather.  A I’ve been told B I’ve told C I’m told D I told 3. ---- I’m sorry to keep you waiting.  ----Oh, not at all. I _____here only a few minutes.  A have been B had been C was D will be  4. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.  A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -----Will you go to Beijing for vacation ? -----I _______ to go , but I don’t know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning  9. She _______ such an interesting book before. A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting ______ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations. Have you found it 1.A：Would you like something to drink? B：No, thanks. I've just drunk some tea. (just/drink some tea) 2.A：I heard you lost your key. _________________? (find) B：No, not yet. 4a 3.A：Do you know when Tom is leaving? B：　　　　　　　　　. (already/leave) A：When　　　　　　　　? (leave) B：This morning. 4.A：Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight？ B：No. ___________________________. (already/see the film) 5.A：What do your parents think about our plan？ B：I ___________________________. (not/tell them/yet） She has already seen the film have not told them yet He has already left did he leave Sally 　　　　 (love) reading. In the morning, she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She______ 　　　　 already 　　　　 (read) more than 100 different books! Her favorite kind of books is science fiction. She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine what the world 　　　　(be) like in 50 years. She 　　　　 (finish) reading loves has read will be finished Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets. 4b a book about robots last week and 　　　　 (write) a book report about it next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she _____________(not read) yet and she can't wait to read them! has not read will write Complete the chart with information about you and a friend. A：What books have you already read? B：I've already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter. A：What do you think of them? B：Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring. 4c   You Your friend comments Books I have already read       Movies I have already seen       Songs I have already heard       Thank you! $$