Unit1单元基础知识和语法知识梳理及练习 2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册

人教版8年级下册1单元基础知识和语法知识梳理及练习 一、词形变化 1.stomach(n.）胃；腹部— （复数）— （n.）胃痛；腹痛 2.foot(n.）脚；足— (复数） 3.lie(v.)躺；平躺— (过去式)— (现在分词） 4.hurt(v.)(使)疼痛；受伤— (过去式)一 (过去分词) 5.trouble(n.)问题；苦恼— (同义词) 6.hit（v.）（用手或器具）击；打— （过去式)— (过去分词) 7.she（pron.）她（主格)— (pron.）她的（宾格/形容词性物主代词）— （pron.）她的(名词性物主代词)— (pron.)她自己（she的反身代词） 8.important(adj.)重要的— （n.）重要性 9.knife(n.)小刀— （n.复数） 10.we(pron.)我们— (pron.）我们的（宾格/形容词性物主代词）— （pron.）我们的(名词性物主代词)— (pron.)我们自己（we的反身代词） 11.mean(v.)意思是，打算— （过去式） （过去分词） 12.decide(v.)决定— （n.）决定 13.climb（v.）— （n.）登山者 二. 短语梳理 1. 胃痛 2. 躺下 3. 量体温 4. 发烧 5. 休息 6. 下车 7. 出乎......意料 8. 立即，马上 9. 陷入，参与 10. 习惯于做...... 11. 冒险 12. 用尽，耗尽 13. 切除 14. 离开；从......出来 15. 掌管，管理 16.....的重要性 三、语法梳理 一、反身代词的含义： 表示某人自己的代词叫做反身代词。它表示一个动作回到该动作的执行者本身，或者强调自己。它有人称和数的变化。 二、反身代词的形式。 英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基本形式如下表所示： 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 三、反身代词的用法。 1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。 We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必须好好照顾自己。 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。 She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。 I met the writer himself last week. 我上周见到了那位作家本人。 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。 take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth请自用…（随便吃/喝些…）. buy oneself sth.给自己买…东西 注意： 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 例：我自己能完成作业。 （误）Myself can finish my homework.. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 1.should做助动词： （1）shall的过去式，用于过去将来时 （2）表示“将要”，用于第一人称I/we 2.sholud做情态动词： （1）表示“应该，应当”，没有人称和数的改变，后加动词原型（相当于ought to） （2）表示委婉地提出意见和建议。You should brush your teeth before you go to bed. （3）表示义务，责任。We should study hard. 四、巩固练习 （一）、单项选择 1．We should not keep worries to ________. It’s best to talk to parents or friends. A．Myself B．Yourself C．Ourselves D．herself 2．—I’ll have a soccer game tomorrow. I’m a little nervous. —Believe in ________. You’re the best in your club. A．Herself B．Himself C．Yourself D．ourselves 3．I think we should protect ________ well in this epidemic (疫情) situation. A．Ours B．Our C．Ourselves D．we 4．—Where did you get this postcard? —I made it by ________. A．Herself B．itself C．Myself D．himself 5．Tom, we need a picture of ________ for our class picture. A．You B．Your C．Yourself D．yourselves 6．—Jack, you swim very well. Who taught you? —Nobody. I taught ________. A．IB．Me C．Myself D．mine 7．I didn’t buy anything for _______ when I was on vacation. A．Me B．My C．Myself D．mine 8．Don’t play with the knives over there, kids, or you may hurt ________. A．Yourself B．Yourselves C．Themselves D．ourselves 9．—Sue, you’re good at swimming. Who taught you to swim?         —No one. I learned it by ________. A．Yourself B．Myself C．Herself D．himself 10．Mom, I am now a middle school student, so I can look after ________. A．Me B．IC．my D．myself 11．Nobody teaches Mary English. She teaches ________. A．Her B．herself C．She D．him 12．— Who taught you English? — I taught ________. A．Me B．mine C．My D．myself 13．As the food festival is coming, the students are preparing everything by ________. A．Themselves B．ourselves C．yourselves 14．—This is your first time to be far away from home. — Don’t worry, Mum. I can take care of ________. A．Myself B．Me C．My D．mine 15．How wonderful! Did the girl make the model car all by ________? A．She B．her C．Herself D．hers 16．To my surprise, the brother wrote the song all by ________. A．Myself B．Herself C．himself 17．Tim and I won’t be able to do the whole job by ________, so we need your help. A．Himself B．Myself C．Ourselves D．themselves 18．—All of you speak such good English. Who taught you? —Nobody. We learned it by _________. A．We B．Us C．Ours D．ourselves 19．Look at this model ship. I made it all by ________! A．Me B．my C．Mine D．myself 20．Boys and girls, help ________ to some fruit. A．themselves B．Yourselves C．herself D．himself （二）、用动词的适当形式填空 1. - Look! who is ______(lie) under the tree? -Oh, that’s Tom. 2. -What do giraffes look like? - They have a long neck and four _____(foot) 3. -I was so careless that I cut_______(I) just now.- You have too be careful next time. 4. It's going to rain. Take an umbrella _____ you. 5. The little boy fell off the bike and _____(hurt) his arm. 6. - My stomach aches all day. - You'd better see a dentist and get ____ X-ray. 7. Eating too much sugar is bad for our________(tooth). 8. I didn't say anything about this because I didn't want to get___ trouble. 9. I saw her _____(water) flowers in the garden when I passed by. 10. The cat jumped ________ the table from the floor just now. 11. Tom has a bad cold and ____(cough). 12. It was easy enough for me _____(solve) this math problem. 13. - I'm hungry now because I came to school ______ breakfast. 14. To _____(we)surprise, Jim scored a goal in the last two minutes. 15. Could you help me put some _____(medicine) on the cut? 16. What happened? She asked _____ surprise. 17. Mike only thinks _____ himself so we don't like him. 18. All the __ (passenger)on the bus liked the driver because he was friendly. 19. Tom told us the right answer without______(think). 20. She ___(hit) him on the head with her umbrella this morning. 21. My parents agreed _____ (take) me to the park. 22. I'm afraid I can't agree ____ you. 23. Thanks_____ the kind-hearted lady, the homeless boy has a new family. 24. Thank you ______going with me to see the movie. 25. I have to be_____ soon ,because the film will be on in ten minutes. 26. Paul got ______(lose) when he came to the new town. 27. Does he need ______(arrive) there at seven? 28. -What happened? - Someone got hit ___ the head. 29. At last they understood the ________(important) of life but they aren't afraid of ______(die)。 30. He lost a lot of_______(blood) in the accident. 31. The movie Ne Zha is __ an educational movie that I want to see it again. 32. Gina used to live in the countryside with her parents, but now she is used to ______(live) with her classmates at school. 33. They haven't made a ____(decide) where to spend their free time. 34. All the doctors didn't give up ____(save) the young man. 35. At present , there are many online courses and we can choose to study by ______(we). 36. These men climb mountains. They are mountain ____(climb). 37. On New Year's Eve, Present Xi said, "Working hard means______(have) happiness." 38. We have three____(knife), we can use them to cut things. 39. He is interested _____ swimming and swims every day. 40. They decide _____(go) shopping after school. （三）语法填空 Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man______(lie) on the side of the road. A woman next to him was shouting for help. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus _____(with) thinking_____(two). He _____(get) off and asked the woman what happened. She said that the man_____(have) a heart problem and should go to the hospital. Mr. Wang knew he had to act _____(quick). He _____(tell) the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. But to _____(he) surprise, they all agreed _____(go) with him. Some passengers helped Mr. Wang to help the man onto the bus. _____(thank) to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the doctors saved the man in time. “It’s said that many people ____(do) want to help others because they don’t want _____(some) trouble,” says one passenger. “But the driver didn’t think about _____(he). He only _____(think) about _____(save) a life. 根据2b 阅读内容填空 He Lost His Arm But Is Still Climbing Aron Ralston is an American man ________ is interested in mountain ________(climb). As a mountain climber, Aron is used to ______________(冒险). This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. __________April 26, 2003, he found_______(he) in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah. On that day, Aron’s arm ________ (catch) under a 360-Kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains. Because he could not f________ his arm, he stayed there _______five days and hoped that someone would find him. But when his water__________ (用完), he knew that he would have to do something to save his_______(自己的) life. He wasn’t ready to die that day. So he used his knife to ________ (砍断) half his right arm. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself _________(以便于) he wouldn’t lose too much blood. After that, he climbed down the mountain ________ (find) help, After ________(lose) his arm, he wrote a book ________(call )Between a Rock and Hard Place. This means _____(be) in a difficult situation that you can’t seem to _________(从……出来). In this book, Aron__________ (讲述) the__________(重要性) of making good decisions, and of _______________(掌管，管理) one’s life. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. Do we have the same spirit as Aron? Let’s think about it before we find ourselves “between a rock and a hard place”, and before we have to make a decision that could_______ (意味着) life or death. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$