2025年中考英语一轮复习重点知识课件第8讲-动词及动词短语

第八讲　动词及动词短语 中考英语一轮复习重点知识 目录 01 高频考点解读 02 高频考点精讲 03 精选考题测评 实义动词辨析 系动词和助动词的用法 情态动词的用法 动词短语 D B C C B D C C C C C A C A D A B A C B C B C A D B B B B 感谢观看 DREAM 加油 考 中 从近几年的真题来分析，动词和动词短语的命题特点为： 实义动词辨析：主要在单项选择(必考)和完形填空(必考)中考查。 系动词和助动词：很少涉及，仅在词语运用中考查过系动词的用法。 情态动词：主要在单项选择中考查(必考)，也会在完形填空中涉及。 动词短语：主要在单项选择(必考)和完形填空中考查。 实义动词是表示动作或状态的词，有实际含义，能独立作谓语，根据后面可否直接跟宾语，可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1．及物动词和不及物动词 辨析 功能及用法 及物 动词 (vt.) 本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能表达完整含义。 有被动形式 动词＋宾语 动词＋双宾语 动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 不及物 动词 (vi.) 本身意义完整，无需接宾语。 无被动形式 主语＋谓语 若不及物动词需要接宾语，其后需加适当的介词 有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，但要注意其意义的不同 2.常见的动词词义辨析 辨析 用法 两个“提供” offer与provide 详见本书第一部分P98考点5 三个“借” borrow，lend与keep 详见本书第一部分P97考点3 三个“到达” arrive，reach与get to 详见本书第一部分P32考点5 三个“听” listen，hear与sound 详见本书第一部分P32考点7 四个“花费” cost，pay，spend与take 详见本书第一部分P39考点5 四个“说” speak，say，talk，tell 详见本书第一部分P24考点7 四个“看” look，read，see与watch 详见本书第一部分P15考点4 四个“穿” dress，wear，put on与be in 详见本书第一部分P23考点5 四个“参加” attend，join，join in与take part in 详见本书第一部分P23考点3 四个“拿” bring，take，carry与fetch 详见本书第一部分P30考点3 1．系动词 系动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，后必须接表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的性质、状态、身份或特征。其常见分类及用法如下： 类别 例子 表示状态的系动词 be(am，is，are，was，were) 感官系动词 taste，smell，sound，feel，look 表像系动词 appear，look，seem 表示状态变化的系动词 become，get，go，grow，turn 表示持续性的系动词 keep，remain，stay 　2.助动词 本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。 1．情态动词的基本用法 情态动词 用法 例句 may 表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。其一般疑问句的肯定回答用can，否定回答用can't/mustn't —May I look at your CD player？我可以看一下你的激光唱片机吗？ —No，you mustn't/can't.不，你不可以。 may 表示推测，可能性较小，意为“可能”，常用于肯定句中 Your sister may be waiting for you now.你的姐姐/妹妹可能现在正在等你。 用于祈使句，表示祝福或愿望 May you succeed！祝你成功！ might may的过去式 He asked him if he might go back.他问他是否可以回去了。 表示请求时，比may语气更委婉 Might I take your order？你要点菜吗？ 表示猜测，可能性比may小 This guitar might belong to Alice.She plays the guitar.这个吉他可能是艾丽斯的。她弹吉他。 can 表示能力，意为“能，会”，其否定形式是can not＝can't I can play the guitar.I can't play the violin.我会弹吉他，不会拉小提琴。 表示请求、允许，意为“可以”，较口语化 Can I go home now？我现在可以回家了吗？ You can tell him about that now.你现在可以告诉他那件事了。 can 表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。can't表示否定推测，语气强烈，意为“不可能”。can所在的疑问句其肯定回答用may或must —Where can it be？它会在哪儿？ —It may/must be in your desk.它可能/一定在你的书桌里。 Miss Gao can't be at home.高老师不可能在家。 could can的过去式，表示过去的能力 Lucy could swim at the age of five.露西五岁就会游泳。 表示请求、许可或建议，语气较can更委婉 Could you help me？你能帮我吗？ 表示猜测，意为“可能”，常用于肯定句 —Whose French book is this？这是谁的法语书？ —It could be Alice's.She studies French.可能是艾丽斯的。她学法语。 must 表示说话人的主观意愿，意为“必须，一定” We must work hard at English.我们必须努力学习英语。 其否定形式为mustn't，表示“禁止，不允许” You mustn't say things like that.你千万别说那样的话。 must 表示非常有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定，肯定” They must be very tired after a long walk. 他们走了很长一段路后肯定很累。 其引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't/don't have to —Must I finish my work now？我必须现在完成工作吗？ —No，you needn't/don't have to.不，你不需要。 need 意为“需要”，常用于疑问句和否定句中 He needn't come here.他不需要来这里。 其引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't —Need I go there tomorrow？明天我需要去那儿吗？ —Yes，you must./No，you needn't.是的，你必须去。/不，不需要。 have to 表示客观需要，意为“不得不；必须”，有人称、时态和数的变化，后跟动词原形。 He had to stay at home because of the heavy rain.因为下大雨他不得不待在家里。 had better 表示建议，意为“最好……”，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形 You'd better go there by bus.你最好乘公共汽车去那儿。 【注意】 (1)need还可作实义动词，有人称和数的变化，后常跟不定式作宾语，只用于肯定句中。 e．g.：He needs to see a doctor.他需要看医生。 (2)must与have to的区别：must表示说话人的主观看法，have to表 示客观原因。 e．g.：—Must I finish my homework first？我必须先完成作业吗？ —No，you don't have to/needn't.不，你不必。 We didn't want to leave but we had to.我们并不想离开但是不得不 离开。 2．情态动词表推测的用法 ◆肯定推测 情态动词 用法 must 表示肯定推测，意为“一定”，语气最强烈 could 表示肯定推测，意为“或许” may 表示肯定推测，意为“也许”，语气一般 might 表示肯定推测，意为“或许”，语气更弱 【注意】这几个词按照推测的可能性从大到小为：must>may>might/could。 ◆否定推测 情态动词 用法 can't 表示否定推测，语气强烈，意为“不可能” may not 表示否定推测，语气不确定，意为“可能不” 　　e．g.：Miss Gao can't be in the classroom.I just saw her in the supermarket.高老师不可能在教室里。我刚刚在超市看到她了。 It may not be my pen.这可能不是我的钢笔。 动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来的动词不同。 1．常见的动词短语分类： 分类 示例 动词＋介词 agree with赞成；ask for请求；laugh at嘲笑；point at指向等 动词＋副词 give up放弃；get up起床；look out当心；stay up熬夜；set off出发等 动词＋名词 make faces做鬼脸；have fun玩得开心；play sports做运动等 动词＋名词＋介词 make friends with … 和……交朋友；give one’s life to … 献身于……；take care of照顾等 动词＋副词＋介词 catch up with赶上；stay away from远离；get along with进展，相处等 动词＋介词＋名词 go to school去上学；go to bed去睡觉等 1．—Are you going to the cinema tonight? —I don't know.I go or I stay at home. A．will；will　　　　　　 B．must；must C．should；should D．might；might 2．—Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car. —Pay no attention to him.He is just ． A．taking off B．showing off C．driving off D．setting off 3．—I don't care what people think. —Well，you ．You're not alone in this world. A．can　　 B．may　　 C．should D．will 4．Don't know where your kids are in the house？Turn off the Internet and they'll quickly . A．get up B．stand up C．show up D．hurry up 5．—You look very pretty，if I say so. —Thanks a lot for saying that. A．must B．may C．will D．have to 6．Almost every university now has a website which allows us to _____the information about it. A．look at B．look after C．look around D．look through 7．—What's the matter with Tom？He has been absent for two days. —Oh！He be ill.Let's go and ask Ms.Brown. A．can B．need C．may D．would 8．This bus doesn't go to the train station.I'm afraid you'll have to _____at the library and take the A52. A．take off B．put off C．get off D．turn off 9．—Dad，must we wait until the light becomes green? —Yes，I'm afraid we ．That's the traffic rule. A．can B．may C．have to D．need 10． a light when necessary.You will bring light to other people and yourself. A．Try on B．Get on C．Turn on D．Put on 1．(2022·徐州)Hello，Joe.I didn't to see you today.I thought you were away on holiday. A．want　　 B．prepare　　 C．expect D．agree 2．(2022·深圳)—Today，mobile payment is very convenient.Almost everyone is using it. —That's true.We don't even need to money from the bank. A．take out B．take off C．take up D．take place 3．(2022·常州)He chose to study in a junior school near his home.It to be a wise decision. A．put out B．put on C．turned out D．turned on 4．(2022·河大附中一模)—The fish delicious.Mom，can I have some? —Yes，of course.But you should wash your hands first. A．smells B．tastes C．sounds D．feels 5．(2022·滨州)—Mom，it's too hot. I swim in the lake? —No，you .That's too dangerous! A．Should；can't B．Need；mustn't C．Must；needn't D．Could；mustn't 6．(2022·郑外三模)Never others' path，unless you lose your way in the forest. A．follow B．meet C．receive D．discover 7．(2022·安徽)—Shall we go to the airport to your sister? —I don't think it's necessary.She will come here by taxi. A．see off B．pick up C．look after D．come across 8．(2022·杭州三模)—Good morning.I'd like a gift for my sister. —What about this scarf？It is beautiful and it soft and smooth. A．feels B．looks C．seems D．becomes 9．(2022·郑州一中三模)—I'm so nervous that I'm afraid I can't pass the Senior High School Entrance Exam. —You should believe that all your effort and hard work will . A．take off B．give off C．pay off D．put off 10．(2019·西宁)—Look！It be David in the classroom. —It be him.Because I saw him in the library a moment ago. A．may；mustn't B．must；can't C．can；can't D．can；mustn't 11．(2019·新乡模拟)I know what you are thinking about.I can your mind from the look on your face. A．change B．relax C．read D．attend 12．(2019·苏州)Would you please the light？I can't sleep well with it on. A．turn on B．turn off C．turn to D．turn around 13．(2020·品至预测)My dad has a good habit of keeping healthy.He always eating unhealthy food. A．suggests B．regrets C．avoids D．enjoys 14．(2020·品至预测)—Jim，I think you should do exercise.It seems you have weight these days. —Thank you，I will. A．put on B．put up C．put down D．put off 15．(2019·焦作一模)—Must I go to a medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad? —No，you ，son.You're free to make your own decision. A．can't B．mustn't C．shouldn't D．needn't 16．(2020·品至预测)—What's your plan for the coming holiday? —I'm going to it with my grandparents. A．cost B．spend C．give D．pay 17．(2019·曲靖)Teamwork is very important，so we need to when we do something in groups. A．pull down B．pull together C．put together D．put down 18．(2019·《说明与检测》)—I stayed up late again last night for the big test.I'm really tired. —Try your best，but don't yourself too hard. A．keep B．push C．pass D．show 19．(2019·青岛)As middle school students，we follow the public rules wherever we go. A．would B．should C．might D．could $$