Unit 2 单词讲义-2024-2025学年人教版英语七年级下册

2025年（春）人教版七年级下册教材 Vocabulary Lessons 单词课讲义 Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 1. rule - 音标：/ruːl/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：规则；规章，指规定人们行为的准则或制度。 - 例句： · He was punished for breaking school rules. · I believed I was acting within the rules. 2. order - 音标：/ˈɔːdə(r)/ - 词性： - 名词：秩序；命令，可表示事物的整齐状态或下达的指令。 - 动词：点菜；命令，作动词时表示要求别人做某事或在餐厅点餐。 - 例句： · The teacher found it hard to keep her class in order. · Making lists can create order and control. · Iris finally ordered coffees for herself and Tania. · The waitress appeared. ‘Are you ready to order?’ · We ordered him a coffee. 3. follow - 音标：/ˈfɒləʊ/ - 词性：动词 - 词义：遵循；跟随，指按照某种方式去做或跟在某人或某物后面。 - 例句： · She followed me into the kitchen. · A dog followed us home. · I decided to follow her advice and go to bed early. 4. late for - 音标：/leɪt fɔː(r)/ - 词性：短语 - 词义：迟到，用于表示在某个时间或场合迟到的情况。 - 例句： · You’ll be late for your flight if you don't hurry up. · The bridegroom was late for the ceremony. · She is late for work every day. 5. arrive - 音标：/əˈraɪv/ - 词性：动词 - 词义：到达，指抵达某个地方。 - 例句： · What time will your train arrive? · It was dark by the time we arrived at the station. · After a long day’s travel, we finally arrived. 6. on time - 音标：/ɒn taɪm/ - 词性：短语 - 词义：准时，用于表示在规定的时间到达或完成某事。 - 例句： · Don't worry, she'll be on time. · Their planes usually arrive on time. · The bus came on time. · Trains usually leave on time. 7. hallway - 音标：/ˈhɔːlweɪ/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：走廊，指建筑物内的通道。 - 例句： · We were running through the hallway and we all got knocked down to the ground. · He looked into the hallway and saw people with bags and suitcases. 8. uniform - 音标：/ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：校服；制服，指统一的服装，如学生的校服或工作人员的制服。 - 例句： · The town police wear dark blue uniforms and flat caps. · She will probably take great pride in wearing school uniform. 9. litter - 音标：/ˈlɪtə(r)/ - 词性： - 动词：乱扔；垃圾，作动词时表示随意丢弃垃圾，作名词时指垃圾。 - 例句： · The park was littered with bottles and cans after the concert. · Dirty clothes littered the floor of her bedroom. · If you see litter in the corridor, pick it up. · About two percent of fast-food packaging ends up as litter. 10. polite - 音标：/pəˈlaɪt/ - 词性：形容词 - 词义：有礼貌的，用于形容人的行为举止文明、客气。 - 例句： · If you see polite in the corridor, pick it up. · About two percent of fast-food packaging ends up as polite. 11. treat - 音标：/triːt/ - 词性： - 动词：对待；治疗，可表示对待他人的方式或对疾病的医治。 - 名词：款待，指给予他人的特别待遇或享受。 - 例句： · My parents treated us all the same when we were kids. · It's wrong to treat animals as if they had no feelings. · The farmer called the vet out to treat a sick cow. · Laboratory tests suggest that the new drug may be used to treat cancer. 12. respect - 音标：/rɪˈspekt/ - 词性： - 名词：& 动词：尊敬，既可以作名词表示尊敬的态度，也可以作动词表示尊重某人或某事。 - 例句： · I have the greatest respect for his ideas, although I don't agree with them. · New teachers have to earn/gain the respect of their students. 13. if - 音标：/ɪf/ - 词性：连词 - 词义：如果，用于引导条件状语从句，表示假设的情况。 - 例句： · I'll pay you double if you get the work finished by Friday. · You'll feel a lot better about yourself if you work on solutions to your upsetting situations. · We'll have the party in the garden if the weather's good. 14. jacket - 音标：/ˈdʒækɪt/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：夹克衫；短上衣，指一种上衣。 - 例句： · I felt a bit chilly so I put on a jacket. · He draped his jacket over the back of the chair and sat down to eat. · She was wearing a black leather jacket and shades. 15. have to - 音标：/hæv tuː/ - 词性：短语 - 词义：不得不，用于表示由于某种原因必须做某事。 - 例句： · We have to correct these problems soon or the project will fail. · I have to remember to stop at the store. · I didn't want to do it but I have to. 16. everything - 音标：/ˈevriθɪŋ/ - 词性：代词 - 词义：每件事；一切，用于指代所有的事物或情况。 - 例句： · My daughter is obsessed with Taylor Swift and collects everything and everything connected with her. · His children are everything to him. · Have you been crying? Is everything all right? 17. lend - 音标：/lend/ - 词性：动词 - 词义：借给；借出，指把某物暂时提供给他人使用。 - 例句： · She doesn't like lending her books. · If you need a coat I can lend you one. · The bank refuses to lend to students. 18. sweet - 音标：/swiːt/ - 词性： - 形容词：甜的，用于形容味道甜美。 - 名词：糖果，指甜食或糖果类食品。 - 例句： · She bought a packet of sweets to suck on the way. · No cake, thanks. I'm trying to avoid sweets. · The pineapple was sweet and juicy. · I prefer salty snacks to sweet ones. · She has a sweet singing voice. 19. snack - 音标：/snæk/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：点心；小吃，指在正餐之间食用的少量食品。 - 例句： · Fresh or dried fruit makes an ideal snack. · Many snacks are high in salt, sugar, and fat. 20. of course - 音标：/ɒv kɔːs/ - 词性：短语 - 词义：当然，表示同意或肯定的回答。 - 例句： · "Can you help me?" “Of course." · "May I look at your newspaper?" “Of course you can." · "Have you written your English essay yet?" “Of course, I finished it last week." 21. mobile - 音标：/ˈməʊbaɪl/ - 词性：形容词 - 词义：可移动的，用于形容能够移动的物体或设备等。 - 例句： · We live in a much more socially mobile society than our grandparents. · You've broken your ankle but you'll be fully mobile within a couple of months. 22. mobile phone - 音标：/ˈməʊbaɪl fəʊn/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：手机，指一种可以随身携带并进行通讯的电子设备。 - 例句： · A company car and a mobile phone are some of the perks that come with the job. · Everyone was filming the event on their mobile phone. 23. turn off - 音标：/tɜːn ɒf/ - 词性：短语 - 词义：关掉（水、电或煤气），用于表示关闭某种设备或供应。 - 例句： · The light’s a bit too harsh. You can turn it off. · I have to get up and turn off the radio. 24. queue - 音标：/kjuː/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：队，指排队的队伍。 - 例句： · Are you in the queue for tickets? · If you want tickets you'll have to join the queue. · It makes me mad when someone jumps the queue. 25. jump the queue - 音标：/dʒʌmp ðə kjuː/ - 词性：短语 - 词义：插队，指不按顺序排队而插入队伍中。 - 例句： · Hey, don’t jump the queue! Get behind the rest of us! · I wanted to shout at the man for jumping the queue, but I was too embarrassed about making a scene. 26. feed - 音标：/fiːd/ - 词性：动词 - 词义：喂养；饲养，指给动物或人提供食物。 - 例句： · I usually feed the neighbour's cat while she's away. · Let's feed the kids first and have our dinner after. · The kids love feeding bread to the ducks. 27. leave - 音标：/liːv/ - 词性：动词 - 词义：离开；留下，可表示离开某个地方或留下某物。 - 例句： · He would not be allowed to leave the country. · I simply couldn't bear to leave my little girl. · I left my bags in the car. · Leave your key with a neighbour in case you lock yourself out one day. · Don’t leave your truck there. 28. absent - 音标：/ˈæbsənt/ - 词性：形容词 - 词义：缺席的；不在的，用于形容某人未出席某个场合。 - 例句： · If a child is absent, the teacher notes it down in the class register. · The teacher called the roll to see if any students were absent. 29. absent from - 音标：/ˈæbsənt frəm/ - 词性：短语 - 词义：缺席；不在，表示不在某个地方或未参加某个活动。 - 例句： · I was absent from work on that day. · John has been absent from school for three days now. 30. shh - 音标：/ʃ/ - 词性：感叹词 - 词义：嘘（用以让别人安静下来），用于示意他人保持安静。 - 例句： · Shh, the baby is sleeping. · Shh, be quiet in the library. · Shh, don't make any noise during the meeting. 31. quietly - 音标：/ˈkwaɪətli/ - 词性：副词 - 词义：轻声地；安静地，用于描述动作的方式是安静、轻声的。 - 例句： · He waited until his daughter was asleep, then tiptoed quietly out of the room. · Everyone was working quietly when, all of a sudden, Andrew started shouting. 32. belt - 音标：/belt/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：安全带；腰带；皮带，可指系在身上的带子，如汽车安全带、腰带等。 - 例句： · She fastened her belt tightly around her waist. 她把腰带束紧。 · He had eaten so much that he had to loosen his belt a couple of notches. 他吃得太多，不得不把腰带放松几个扣。 33. noise - 音标：/nɔɪz/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：声音；噪声，指各种声响，尤指嘈杂、令人不悦的声音。 - 例句： · There was too much noise in the room and he needed peace. · Lots of people have complained about the noise. 34. unhappy - 音标：/ʌnˈhæpi/ - 词性：形容词 - 词义：不快乐的，用于形容人的情绪是不愉快的。 - 例句： · I was very unhappy with the service. · That's enough to make anyone unhappy. · It was clear that he was unhappy about the decision. 35. Dr (= doctor) - 音标：/ˈdɒktə(r)/ - 词性：缩写（名词） - 词义：博士；医生，“Dr”是“doctor”的缩写形式，可以指获得博士学位的人，也可以指医生这个职业。 - 例句： · An appointment has been made for you to see Dr Tracey Weaver on 19 July at 2.30 p.m. 已经为你约好了7月19日下午两点半见翠西·��威佛医生。 36. make sb's/the bed - 音标：/meɪk sʌmˈbɒdz ðə bed/（示例） - 词性：短语 - 词义：整理床铺；铺床，指将床上的被褥等整理整齐的行为。例如：“I make my bed every morning.”（我每天早上整理床铺。） - 例句： · The maids dust and air rooms and make the beds. · My mum make the bed with fresh sheets. 37. either /ˈaɪðə(r)/ - 音标：/ˈaɪðə(r)/ - 词性： - 副词：也（用于否定词组后），用于否定句中，表示“也不”的意思。例如：“I don't like coffee either.”（我也不喜欢咖啡。） - 代词/形容词：（两者中的）任何一个，可用于指代两者中的任意一个，或修饰名词表示“（两者中）任一的”。例如：“You can choose either book.”（你可以选择两本书中的任何一本。） - 例句： · I don't eat meat and my husband doesn’t either. · They do really good food at that restaurant and it's not very expensive either. 38. practise - 音标：/ˈpræktɪs/ - 词性：动词 - 词义：训练；练习，指为了提高技能或熟练程度而反复进行某项活动。例如：“I practise playing the piano every day.”（我每天练习弹钢琴。） - 例句： · She practises the violin every day. · His written French is very good but he needs to practise speaking it. · I’m quite good at tennis but I need to practise my serve (发球). 39. hang - 音标：/hæŋ/ - 词性： · 动词（原形）：悬挂；垂下；绞死等。 · 过去式：hung（表示 “悬挂” 等意思时）；hanged（表示 “绞死” 等意思时） · 过去分词：hung（表示 “悬挂” 等意思时）；hanged（表示 “绞死” 等意思时） - 词义及用法： · 悬挂；吊： · 常见搭配 “hang sth. + 地点状语”，表示把某物挂在某个地方。例如：Hang the picture on the wall.（把这幅画挂在墙上。） · 也可以用 “sth. hang + 地点状语” 的形式，如：The clothes are hanging on the line.（衣服挂在绳子上。） · 垂下；低垂：例如：Her hair hung down to her shoulders.（她的头发垂到肩膀。） · 绞死（法律用语，较少用）：例如：He was hanged for murder.（他因谋杀被绞死。） - 例句： · We could hang this picture on the wall next to the door. · Stand the paintings against the wall while we decide where to hang them. · Hang your coat and hat (up) on the rack over there. 40. hang out - 音标：/hæŋ aʊt/ - 词性：短语 - 词义：闲逛；常去某处，指在某个地方消磨时间，没有特定的目的。例如：“We like to hang out in the park on weekends.”（我们喜欢周末在公园闲逛。） - 例句： · Haven't you got anything better to do than hang out at the shopping centre? · They enjoyed hanging out with each other when they were kids. 41. weekday - 音标：/ˈwiːkdeɪ/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：工作日（星期一至星期五的任何一天），指一周中除了周末（星期六和星期日）以外的日子。例如：“I'm busy on weekdays.”（我工作日很忙。） - 例句： · On weekdays I'm usually in bed by ten o'clock. · The bank is open from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. on weekdays. 42. awful - 音标：/ˈɔːfl/ - 词性：形容词 - 词义：糟糕的；讨厌的，用于形容事物或情况非常不好、令人不愉快。例如：“The weather is awful today.”（今天的天气很糟糕。） - 例句： · He suffered awful injuries in the crash. · Would life be so awful without a car? · The food was awful. 43. become - 音标：/bɪˈkʌm/ - 词性：动词 - 词义：变成；成为，指从一种状态或身份转变为另一种。例如：“She wants to become a doctor.”（她想成为一名医生。） - 例句： · I first became interested in yoga while I was doing my nursing training. · After leaving school, he became a professional footballer. 44. better - 音标：/ˈbetə(r)/ - 词性： - 形容词：较好的，是“good”的比较级，表示比原来的情况更好。例如：“This is a better solution.”（这是一个更好的解决方案。） - 副词：较好地，用于修饰动词，表示动作完成得更好。例如：“He can do it better.”（他可以做得更好。） - 例句： · He stood near the front to get a better view. · The book was better than I expected. · Fresh vegetables are better for you. · The next time he took the test, he was better prepared. · They did much better in the second half of the game. · Stand over there and then you'll be able to see it better. 45. person - 音标：/ˈpɜːsn/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：人，指单个的人类个体。例如：“There is a person waiting for you.”（有一个人在等你。） - 例句： · Who was the first person to swim the English Channel? · She's an extremely kind person. · He's nice enough as a person, but he's not the right man for this job. 46. focus - 音标：/ˈfəʊkəs/ - 词性：动词 - 词义：集中（注意力、精力等）；聚焦，指使注意力、精力等集中在某一点或某件事情上。例如：“You need to focus on your work.”（你需要专注于你的工作。） - 例句： · I'm finding it hard to focus today. · I know it's noisy in here, but try to focus. · Some of the kids in the class have difficulty focus. · What is the focus of your report? · Her children are the main focus of her life. · There was a lot of focus on exam results at my school. 47. focus on - 音标：/ˈfəʊkəs ɒn/ - 词性：短语 - 词义：集中（注意力、精力等）于，与“focus”意思相近，但更强调“在……上”。例如：“We should focus on solving the problem.”（我们应该集中精力解决这个问题。） - 例句： · It's important to focus on your strengths and to minimize your weaknesses. · Each unit of the course book focus on a different grammar point. 48. build - 音标：/bɪld/ - 词性：动词 - 词义：创建；建造，指通过施工、组合等方式制造出建筑物、物体等。例如：“They are going to build a new house.”（他们打算建一座新房子。） - 例句： · The birds built their nest in the tree. · We want to build a better future for our children. · We are proud of the new life we have built here. 49. spirit - 音标：/ˈspɪrɪt/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：精神；情绪，可指人的精神状态、灵魂、情绪等。例如：“He has a strong spirit.”（他有坚强的精神。） - 例句： · She was a very brave girl and everyone who knew her admired her spirit. · They went to the tennis club a few times but never really got into the spirit of it. 50. think about - 音标：/θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/ - 词性：短语 - 词义：思考；考虑，指对某件事情进行思索、权衡。例如：“I need to think about your proposal.”（我需要考虑你的提议。） - 例句： · He was thinking about the time he spent in the army. · It still upsets him when he thinks about the accident. 51. relax - 音标：/rɪˈlæks/ - 词性：动词 - 词义：放松；休息，指使身体或精神从紧张、劳累的状态中解脱出来，得到舒缓。例如：“You should relax after a long day's work.”（你在一整天的工作后应该放松一下。） - 例句： · After work she relaxed with a cup of tea and the newspaper. · After a long day in the office, I love nothing more than relaxing on the sofa. 52. advice - 音标：/ədˈvaɪs/ - 词性：名词 - 词义：建议；意见，指别人给出的关于做某事的看法、指导等。例如：“Can you give me some advice?”（你能给我一些建议吗？） - 例句： · I need some advice on which computer to buy. · Steven gave me some good advice. · Can I give you a piece of advice? 53. understand - 音标：/ˌʌndəˈstænd/ - 词性：动词 - 词义：理解；领会，指明白、懂得某件事情、某个概念或他人的意思。例如：“I don't understand what you are saying.”（我不明白你在说什么。） - 例句： · She explained the whole idea again, but I still didn’t understand. · Is there anyone here who understands Arabic? 54. untidy - 音标：/ʌnˈtaɪdi/ - 词性：形容词 - 词义：不整洁的，用于形容物体摆放杂乱、不整齐，或人的外表、穿着等不整洁的状态。例如：“His room is always untidy.”（他的房间总是不整洁。） - 例句： · Your handwriting is so untidy I can't read it. · Her desk was so untidy that she spent the whole day trying to establish some sort of order. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$