精品解析：上海市徐汇区2023-2024学年高二上学期1月统测英语试题

2023学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高二英语试卷 （考试时间90分钟，满分100分） I. Listening comprehension (15%) Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of ach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Sensitive. B. Sociable. C. Respectable. D. Thoughtful. 2. A. Stop the music. B. Work on the composition. C. Help the woman. D. Focus on music. 3. A. The concert has already been canceled. B. She needs to check first. C. No ticket is available for next Sunday. D. She is fully occupied next Sunday. 4. A. She can’t afford that much for a trip. B. She is fortunate to have a wealthy family. C. The trip is not worth the money. D. Her father will meet her in Australia. 5. A. The man will have black coffee. B. The man has quitted coffee. C. The man is putting on weight. D. The man only drinks milk. 6. A. She should do more careful work. B. She is not concerned about George’s remarks. C. George does not care about her. D. George shouldn’t have said much about her. 7. A. Brightening a room. B. Buying new furniture. C. Redecorating a room. D. Painting a living room. 8 A. He considers it stressful. B. He lacks required abilities. C. He is not confident enough. D. He has no time for it. 9. A. Narrow down his theme. B. Revise his paper carefully. C. Focus on the paper. D. Cover more topics. 10. A. His apartment can accommodate the entire committee. B. The woman should invite more people to the meeting. C. The meeting should be held at the library. D. A smaller committee should be formed. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear a short passage and a longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passage and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The performance can be recorded. B. The sound quality is outstanding. C. The whole experience is unique. D. Audience can exchange opinions. 12 A. They are quite expensive. B. They are for students only. C. They are covered by the local media. D. They are often of high quality. 13 A. Listening to the works to be performed. B. Checking information at the box office. C. Collecting the musician’s latest albums. D. Practicing playing the musical instrument. Questions 14 through 15 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The plan for the summer vacation B. Raising money for charity. C. The man’s volunteering experience. D. The spirit of activities. 15. A. Fund. B. Perseverance. C. Acknowledgement. D. Respect. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A.I. -Generated Picture Won Art Prize Jason Allen’s A.I. -generated work, “Theatre D’opera Spatial,” took first place in the digital category at the Colorado State Fair, making it one of the first A.I. -generated pieces to win such a prize, and setting off a fierce backlash (反对) from artists who accused him of, essentially, cheating. ____1____ (reach) by phone on Wednesday, Mr. Allen defended his work He said that he had made clear that his work — which ____2____ (submit) under the name “Jason M. Allen via Midjourney” — was created using A.I., and that he hadn’t deceived (欺骗) ____3____ about its origins. “I’m not going to apologize ____4____ it,” he said. “I won, and I didn’t break any rules.” Mr. Allen, 39, began experimenting with A.I.-generated art this year. He runs a studio which makes tabletop games, and he was curious how the new breed of A.I. image generators would compare with the human artists. This summer, he got invited ____5____ (test) Midjourney, a new AI-powered tool that can turn text into custom images. Mr. Allen became obsessed, creating hundreds of images and marveling at how realistic they were. ____6____ he typed, Midjourney seemed capable of making it. Eventually, Mr. Allen got the idea to submit one of his Midjourney creations to the Colorado State Fair.” “The fair was coming up,” he said, “and I thought: How wonderful would it be to demonstrate to people how great this art is?” Several weeks later, while walking the fairground in Pueblo, Mr. Allen saw a blue ribbon ____7____ (hang) next to his piece. He had won the division, along with a $300 prize. “I couldn’t believe it,” he said. “I felt like: this is exactly ____8____ I set out to accomplish.” After his win, Mr. Allen posted a photo of his prize work to the Internet, ____9____ it sparked a furious backlash. Mr. Allen, the blue-ribbon winner, said he empathized with artists who were scared that A.I. tools would put them out of work. But he said their anger _____10_____ be directed not at individuals who use DALL-E 2 or Midjourney to make art but at companies that choose to replace human artists with A.I. tools. Section B (10%) 【上教版】 Direction: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. edge B. profile C. comprised D. discrimination E. deserved F. approve G. perceive H. worthwhile I. merciless J. components K. inquiry 11. Life in the wilderness is cruel and ________. Many animals die of starvation due to drought or winter. 12. We firmly believe that the next version of the software will have the ________ over its competitors. 13. The reduction in bullying — and the consequent improvement in pupil happiness — is surely a(n) ________ objective. 14. Whichever definition is used, a language contains the same ________ — there must be a vocabulary of words and symbols. 15. The committee is ________ of representatives from both the public and private sectors. 16. The proposals ________ support as the needs of children were the top priority to be given. 17. Most blind people, even if they don’t have any sight, are still able to ________ light. 18. The company has promised a thorough ________ into the plane crash. 19. The first article I wrote was a(n) ________ of the chemistry professor, who was named Teacher of the Year. 20. They managed to reform the law, and ban racial and religious ________ in housing, schools, and the workplace. 【上外版】 Direction: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. passion B. exceptionally C. credit D. potential E. available F. normally G. assign H. assumed I. identical J. integrated K. crucial 21. The most significant social gestures you need to learn are those that are ________ in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. 22. Although he is in his sixties, the biologist still maintains the ________ he had in his youth. 23. It is generally ________ that volunteering is of great value to students, as they can have a chance to value what they have now. 24. The new system is fully ________ with our existing software, making the process more efficient. 25. The cool down after exercise is a great opportunity for you to reflect on your accomplishment and give yourself ________ for the hard work during the workout. 26. The hotel has a limited number of rooms ________ for reservation during peak season. 27. We ________ different topics to students, and then everyone is responsible for a certain topic. 28. The young employees are already playing a ________ role in multimedia design and development. 29. The color in the artist’s painting was ________ bold and vibrant, drawing public attention to the piece. 30. The point of the competition is to encourage all people to unlock their hidden ________. III. Reading Comprehension Section A (10%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Cable companies expand public Wi-Fi for customer loyalty Eager to keep their users connected outside the home, cable companies are rapidly expanding their public Wi-Fi networks. An effort that began less than two years ago, the “Cable WiFi” initiative was formed with the ____31____ that cable Internet subscribers will want to remain plugged into their favorite websites and online videos — without ____32____ the monthly data limits of wireless carrier contracts. Five cable companies have installed about 250,000 public hotspots — up from 150,000 when it started in 2012 — at ____33____ places like malls, public parks, cafes and small businesses. Comcast, the nation’s largest residential broadband Internet provider, is ____34____ its own public Xfinity-branded Wi-Fi hotspots by installing a second line in their subscribers’ home routers (路由器) if they can get the homeowners’ permission so that their subscribers visiting these Wi-Fi-enabled neighborhoods can surf the Net for free. The initiative is a direct ____35____ to the growing influence of video. Watching YouTube or online videos requires heavy ____36____ that can exhaust wireless data quickly. And more cable companies are offering “TV anywhere” options for members to stream shows outside the home. While the effort requires heavy investment, cable companies are banking on their subscribers to increase their reliance on Wi-Fi outdoors and lower the rate of customer ____37____ of the Internet service, says Kelly Davis-Felner, vice president of marketing for the Wi-Fi Alliance, a group that certifies and ____38____ public Wi-Fi usage. “There is an immediate impact in ____39____ Wi-Fi outside the home,” she says. “It’s an opportunity to offer a higher level of service.” For now, the cable companies’ hotspots are a bit of a(n) _____40_____ service as many users still rely on their wireless networks outdoors. “But there is a loyal group of users that appreciates metro Wi-Fi,” says Pat Esser, president of Cox. 31. A. exchange B. anticipation C. application D. demand 32. A. letting out B. resulting in C. eating up D. resting on 33. A. high-end B. brand-new C. upper-class D. high-traffic 34 A. expanding B. loosening C. deleting D. stimulating 35. A. devotion B. response C. opposition D. priority 36. A. efficiency B. challenge C. track D. capacity 37. A. preference B. satisfaction C. destruction D. cancellation 38. A. promotes B. complains C. exposes D. attaches 39. A. displaying B. packing C. absorbing D. extending 40. A. consistent B. unknown C. worthwhile D. imaginary Section B (22%) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A The Academy Awards Oscar presentation for excellence in the film industry has a long and rich history. In 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) was formed by 36 of the film industry’s most prominent individuals, choosing film actor Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. as its first president. In 1929, AMPAS presented the first Academy Award. The first Academy Awards, which took place at a private dinner for about 270 people, were presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, Los Angeles, U. S. state of California. A gold trophy, a 34-centimeter-tall statuette (小雕像), is awarded to the winners. Most people think that the statuette, which weighs nearly four kilograms, must be made of solid gold. If only this were true. It is gold-plated, but the great majority of an Oscar statuette is only bronze. While it may be priceless to the winners, the Academy officially sets its value at a mere US $1. The statuettes are technically property of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. As a result, before an Oscar winner can sell his trophy, he must first offer to sell it to the Academy for one dollar. This rule is to discourage winners from selling the awards for financial gain. Oscar is not a particularly common man’s name, so where does the moniker come from? Legend has it that in the 1930s, the Academy’s first librarian and later its executive director, Margaret Herrick, was heard to say that the statuette resembled her Uncle Oscar. The name stuck, and in 1939 the Academy officially adopted Oscar to represent the common name of the award. Its official name, however, is the “Academy Award of Merit.” Whatever one wishes to call it, the Oscar is one of the world’s most recognizable trademarks. Cinema has come a long way since the first prototypes of movie cameras were developed near the end of the 19th century. Movies have since become one of the most popular forms of entertainment worldwide. The Oscars have come to represent excellence in cinema. 41. The passage is mainly about ________. A. the history of the film industry. B. facts about the Academy Award of Merit. C. how to estimate the value of an Oscar statuette. D. the founder of the Academy Awards ceremony. 42. What does the word “moniker” in the fourth paragraph refer to? A. The composition of an Oscar statuette. B. The biography of a man named Oscar. C. The popularity of the Academy Awards ceremony. D. The informal name for the Academy Award of Merit. 43. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage? A. Where the ceremony is held. B. The origin of the name Oscar. C. The monetary value of an Oscar. D. How many Oscars are awarded annually. 44. According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A. Oscar is actually a real person’s name. B. The entire Oscar statuette is made of bronze. C. The winners are prohibited from selling the statuette. D. Movies have become less popular as a form of entertainment. B The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying — first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can boss around your appliances. Children are likely to grow up thinking everything is alive, or at least interactive. But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people personify everyday products. Sometimes we see things as human because we’re lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute free will and consciousness to various gadgets. In turn, feeling related to objects can reduce loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they’d been excluded socially, they made it up by exaggerating (夸大) their number of Facebook friends - unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends. At other times we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents cursed (骂) at their computer- and the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely they were to report that it had “its own beliefs and desires.” When we personify products, they become harder to cast off. After being asked to evaluate their car’s personality, people were less likely to say they intended to replace it soon. So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles (散热器面罩) that were upturned like smiles and headlights that were like narrowed eyes sold best. Personifying products and brands can backfire, however. When a coffee maker was personified in an ad (“I am Aroma” versus just “Aroma”), men — but not women — felt betrayed by increases in its price. Now that speech-enabled coffee makers are on the market, maybe the machines can sweet-talk their way back into men’s hearts. 45. People are most likely to personify things when they ________. A. spend too much time chatting online B. lack real life friends and feel isolated C. enjoy bossing around in real life D. become extremely angry with a device 46 Which of the following can probably replace the phrase cast off? A. Be fond of. B. Take hold of. C. Get rid of. D. Make use of. 47. Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A. Cars with wide faces sell better because they are considered friendlier. B. Speech-enabled coffee makers attract more male customers. C. Nice-looking products are more likely to be personified. D. People personify everyday products for different reasons. C Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles” that is, the distance food travels to get from the producer to the retailer. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon emissions. Buying local food, therefore, has a lower carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly. However, the real story is not as simple as that. If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions (排放), we must look at the whole farming process, not just transportation. According to a recent study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process result from transportation, and only 4% originated from the final delivery of the product from the producer to the retailer. Other processes contribute much more. In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food. Take apples, for example. In autumn, when apples are harvested, the best option for a British resident is to buy British apples. However, the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses up a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-efficient to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the crop grows well in the local climate. We must also take into account the type of transport. Transporting food by air creates about 50 times more emissions than shipping it. However, only a small proportion of goods are flown to the consumer country, and these are usually high value items which we cannot produce locally, such as seafood and out-of-season berries. Even then, these foods may not have a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food. For example, beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using manual labor and natural fertilizers, unlike in Britain, where we use oil-based fertilizers and machinery. Therefore, the total carbon footprint is still lower. It’s also worth remembering that a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket. The distance consumers travel to buy their food, and the kind of transport they use will also add to its carbon footprint. So driving a long way to shop for food will negate any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce. Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labelling foods with stickers that show it has been imported by air. But ultimately, the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled. And even if we only buy local food which is currently in season, there are ethical (道德的) implications. What’s more, our diets would be more limited. 48. The author uses numbers in the second paragraph to suggest that ________. A. most high value items cannot be produced locally B. buying local food has a lower carbon footprint C. imported food contributes more to environmental damage D. transportation only plays a small part in carbon emissions 49. Which of the following is the writer most likely to support? A. Importing apples to Britain from New Zealand in spring. B. Labelling food with stickers that show it is imported. C. Transporting imported food to consumer countries by air. D. Making a long journey to buy locally produced food. 50 The underlined word negate is closest in meaning to ________. A. extend B. increase C. deny D. calculate 51. The passage is mainly about ________. A. the importance and benefits of buying locally produced food B. the reasons why buying local food does not reduce carbon emissions C. the reasons why many countries have to import food from overseas D. the environmental problems caused by food transportation IV. Complete the chart (8%) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 10 words. Is Energy independence what we need? Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it, doesn’t it? If you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American presidents for decades. What is it we ant independence from, exactly? Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that oil from elsewhere. The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a certain amount of bio-fuel available, which is a renewable energy option, and more may become available, but the production of it can cause air pollution and ozone layer depletion (损耗). The process of producing it is also complicated and costly, which means it may cause economic waste. Second, Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports? Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don’t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels (桶) of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices. At the same time, we gain massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world. (1) ________52________ (2) ________53________ (3) ________54________ (4) ________55________ V. Translation (15%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 【上教版】 56. 接受陌生人的微信好友申请时要三思而行。 (request) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 57. 口感影响人们对于食物的态度，这一点大家深信不疑。 (convince) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 58. 这位前世界冠军向我们证明，一个小小的决定可能产生巨大的影响。 (difference) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 59. 这所百年老校注重因材施教，为学生提供尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶，果然名不虚传。(expose) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【上外版】 60. 预计有数百万家庭将受益于智慧家系统。(predict) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 61. 本次科技展的重头戏是一场最新科技成果的发布会。 (highlight) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 62. 她上个月获得了年度员工的头衔，但由于前几天犯的错没能保住。 (earn) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 63. 大量植物种子得以完好保存，这归功于那些致力于保护生物多样性的科学家。 (owe) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing (10%) 【上教版】 64. Directions: Write an English composition in about 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，学校计划开发一款供本校师生使用的APP，现征求学生意见。请你写一份邮件给学生会，表达你的想法。内容需包括： 1. 你对该APP的具体设想（包括名称、功能等）； 2. 你的理由。 （注意：文中不得出现具体学校名称或人名。） ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【上外版】 65. Directions: Write an English composition in about 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，学校计划新增一门文学艺术类选修课，现征求学生意见。请你写一份邮件给学生会，表达你的想法。内容需包括： 1. 你建议开设的课程名称、主要内容、授课方式等； 2. 你的理由。 （注意：文中不得出现具体学校名称或人名。） ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高二英语试卷 （考试时间90分钟，满分100分） I. Listening comprehension (15%) Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of ach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Sensitive. B. Sociable. C. Respectable. D. Thoughtful. 2. A. Stop the music. B. Work on the composition. C. Help the woman. D. Focus on music. 3. A. The concert has already been canceled. B. She needs to check first. C. No ticket is available for next Sunday. D. She is fully occupied next Sunday. 4. A. She can’t afford that much for a trip. B. She is fortunate to have a wealthy family. C. The trip is not worth the money. D. Her father will meet her in Australia. 5. A. The man will have black coffee. B. The man has quitted coffee. C. The man is putting on weight. D. The man only drinks milk. 6. A. She should do more careful work. B. She is not concerned about George’s remarks. C. George does not care about her. D. George shouldn’t have said much about her. 7. A. Brightening a room. B. Buying new furniture. C. Redecorating a room. D. Painting a living room. 8 A. He considers it stressful. B. He lacks required abilities. C. He is not confident enough. D. He has no time for it. 9. A. Narrow down his theme. B. Revise his paper carefully. C. Focus on the paper. D. Cover more topics. 10. A. His apartment can accommodate the entire committee. B. The woman should invite more people to the meeting. C The meeting should be held at the library. D. A smaller committee should be formed. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear a short passage and a longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passage and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The performance can be recorded. B. The sound quality is outstanding. C. The whole experience is unique. D. Audience can exchange opinions. 12. A. They are quite expensive. B. They are for students only. C. They are covered by the local media. D. They are often of high quality. 13 A. Listening to the works to be performed. B. Checking information at the box office. C. Collecting the musician’s latest albums. D. Practicing playing the musical instrument. Questions 14 through 15 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The plan for the summer vacation B. Raising money for charity. C. The man’s volunteering experience. D. The spirit of activities. 15. A. Fund. B. Perseverance. C. Acknowledgement. D. Respect. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A.I. -Generated Picture Won Art Prize Jason Allen’s A.I. -generated work, “Theatre D’opera Spatial,” took first place in the digital category at the Colorado State Fair, making it one of the first A.I. -generated pieces to win such a prize, and setting off a fierce backlash (反对) from artists who accused him of, essentially, cheating. ____1____ (reach) by phone on Wednesday, Mr. Allen defended his work He said that he had made clear that his work — which ____2____ (submit) under the name “Jason M. Allen via Midjourney” — was created using A.I., and that he hadn’t deceived (欺骗) ____3____ about its origins. “I’m not going to apologize ____4____ it,” he said. “I won, and I didn’t break any rules.” Mr. Allen, 39, began experimenting with A.I.-generated art this year. He runs a studio which makes tabletop games, and he was curious how the new breed of A.I. image generators would compare with the human artists. This summer, he got invited ____5____ (test) Midjourney, a new AI-powered tool that can turn text into custom images. Mr. Allen became obsessed, creating hundreds of images and marveling at how realistic they were. ____6____ he typed, Midjourney seemed capable of making it. Eventually, Mr. Allen got the idea to submit one of his Midjourney creations to the Colorado State Fair.” “The fair was coming up,” he said, “and I thought: How wonderful would it be to demonstrate to people how great this art is?” Several weeks later, while walking the fairground in Pueblo, Mr. Allen saw a blue ribbon ____7____ (hang) next to his piece. He had won the division, along with a $300 prize. “I couldn’t believe it,” he said. “I felt like: this is exactly ____8____ I set out to accomplish.” After his win, Mr. Allen posted a photo of his prize work to the Internet, ____9____ it sparked a furious backlash. Mr. Allen, the blue-ribbon winner, said he empathized with artists who were scared that A.I. tools would put them out of work. But he said their anger _____10_____ be directed not at individuals who use DALL-E 2 or Midjourney to make art but at companies that choose to replace human artists with A.I. tools. 【答案】1. Reached 2. was submitted 3. anyone 4. for 5. to test 6. Whatever 7. hung 8. what 9. and 10. should 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Jason Allen的人工智能生成的作品《Theatre D’opera Spatial》在科罗拉多州博览会的数字类别中获得一等奖，从而引发了来自艺术家的强烈反对。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，Allen先生在接受电话采访时表示，他为自己的作品辩护。“(reach) by phone on Wednesday”作伴随状语，reach(联系，与……取得联系)是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语Mr. Allen之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词，表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Reached。 【2题详解】 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：他说，他已经明确表示，他的作品——以“Jason M. Allen via Midjourney”的名义提交的——是使用人工智能创作的，他没有欺骗任何人关于其来源。submit是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词his work)构成被动关系，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数。故填was submitted。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：他说他明确表示，他的作品——以“Jason M.Allen via Midjourney”的名字提交——是使用AI创作的，他没有欺骗任何人关于它的起源。根据句意可知，这里指代“任何人”，用不定代词anyone作宾语。故填anyone。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：“我不会为此道歉的，”他说，“我赢了，而且我没有违反任何规则。” apologize for...是固定搭配，意为“为……道歉”。故填for。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年夏天，他受邀测试Midjourney，这是一个新的AI驱动工具，可以将文本转换成定制图像。“(test) Midjourney”是“he got invited”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to test。 【6题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：无论他输入什么，Midjourney似乎都能做到。根据句意可知，“ he typed”是让步状语从句，表示“无论什么……”，用whatever引导让步状语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填Whatever。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几周后，在普韦布洛的博览会上，Allen先生看到他的作品旁边挂着一条蓝丝带。(hang) next to his piece作宾语补足语，hang(悬挂；吊)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语a blue ribbon之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填hanging。 【8题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：“我简直不敢相信，”他说，“我觉得：这正是我想要完成的。”“ I set out to accomplish”是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“想要完成的事情”，用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：获奖后，Allen先生将他的获奖作品的照片发布到互联网上，引发了强烈反对。设空处前后为两个完整句子，根据句意可知，是并列关系，用连词and连接两个句子。故填and。 【10题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：但他表示，他们的愤怒应该针对选择用AI工具取代人类艺术家的公司，而不是使用DALL-E 2或Midjourney创作艺术的个人。根据句意可知，这里表示“应该”，用情态动词should。故填should。 Section B (10%) 【上教版】 Direction: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. edge B. profile C. comprised D. discrimination E. deserved F. approve G. perceive H. worthwhile I. merciless J. components K. inquiry 11. Life in the wilderness is cruel and ________. Many animals die of starvation due to drought or winter. 12. We firmly believe that the next version of the software will have the ________ over its competitors. 13. The reduction in bullying — and the consequent improvement in pupil happiness — is surely a(n) ________ objective. 14. Whichever definition is used, a language contains the same ________ — there must be a vocabulary of words and symbols. 15. The committee is ________ of representatives from both the public and private sectors. 16. The proposals ________ support as the needs of children were the top priority to be given. 17. Most blind people, even if they don’t have any sight, are still able to ________ light. 18. The company has promised a thorough ________ into the plane crash. 19. The first article I wrote was a(n) ________ of the chemistry professor, who was named Teacher of the Year. 20. They managed to reform the law, and ban racial and religious ________ in housing, schools, and the workplace. 【答案】11. I 12. A 13. H 14. J 15. C 16. E 17. G 18. K 19. B 20. D 【解析】 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：荒野中的生活是残酷无情的。由于干旱或冬天，许多动物死于饥饿。设空处使用形容词作表语。表示“无情的”用形容词merciless。故选I。 12题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们坚信下一版本的软件将在竞争中具有优势。根据空格前的定冠词the和空格后的介词over可知，空格处应填入一个名词作宾语，表示“比……有优势”用have the edge over sth。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：欺凌行为的减少以及随之而来的学生幸福感的提升，无疑是一个值得的目标。设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词objective。此处表示“值得的”用worthwhile。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：无论使用哪种定义，一种语言都包含相同的组成部分——必须有一个由单词和符号组成的词汇。设空处使用名词作宾语，表示“组成部分”用component，同时此处表示复数意义。故选J。 【15题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：该委员会由公营和私营机构的代表组成。be comprised of为固定短语，意为“由……组成”。此处committee与comprise之间是被动关系，设空处使用过去分词与前文is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 【16题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这些建议值得支持，因为儿童的需要是应给予的最高优先。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据后文的were可知，设空处应该使用一般过去时。表示“值得”用deserved。故选E。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：大多数盲人，即使他们没有视力，仍然能够感知到光。表示“感知”用perceive，设空处使用动词原形与前文的to构成不定式结构。故选G。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：公司承诺将对飞机失事进行彻底的调查。设空处使用名词作宾语，此处表示“调查”用名词inquiry。故选K。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：我写的第一篇文章是关于那位化学教授的简介，他被评为年度教师。设空处使用名词作表语，此处表示“简介”用profile。故选B。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们设法改革了法律，禁止在住房、学校和工作场所存在种族和宗教歧视。设空处使用名词作宾语，表示“歧视”用discrimination。故选D。 【上外版】 Direction: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. passion B. exceptionally C. credit D. potential E. available F. normally G. assign H. assumed I. identical J. integrated K. crucial 21. The most significant social gestures you need to learn are those that are ________ in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. 22. Although he is in his sixties, the biologist still maintains the ________ he had in his youth. 23. It is generally ________ that volunteering is of great value to students, as they can have a chance to value what they have now. 24. The new system is fully ________ with our existing software, making the process more efficient. 25. The cool down after exercise is a great opportunity for you to reflect on your accomplishment and give yourself ________ for the hard work during the workout. 26. The hotel has a limited number of rooms ________ for reservation during peak season. 27. We ________ different topics to students, and then everyone is responsible for a certain topic. 28. The young employees are already playing a ________ role in multimedia design and development. 29. The color in the artist’s painting was ________ bold and vibrant, drawing public attention to the piece. 30. The point of the competition is to encourage all people to unlock their hidden ________. 【答案】21. I 22. A 23. H 24. J 25. C 26. E 27. G 28. K 29. B 30. D 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：你需要学习的最重要的社交手势是那些在两种文化中形式相同但意义不同的手势。根据“but different in meaning in the two cultures”可知，identical“相同的”符合句意，作表语。故选I。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管这位生物学家已经60多岁了，但他仍然保持着年轻时的激情。根据“he had in his youth”可知，passion“激情”符合句意，作宾语。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：人们普遍认为志愿服务对学生有很大的价值，因为他们可以有机会珍惜他们现在所拥有的。assume“认为”符合句意。It is assumed that认为……，为固定句型。故选H。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：新系统与我们现有的软件完全融合，使流程更有效率。根据下文“making the process more efficient.”可知，integrate“成为一体” 符合句意。本句为一般现在时的被动语态，空处应填过去分词integrated。故选J。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：运动后的冷静是一个很好的机会，让你反思自己的成就，并表扬自己在锻炼期间的努力工作。credit“赞扬”符合句意，作宾语。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这家酒店在旺季可预订的房间数量有限。available “可用的”符合句意，作后置定语。故选E。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们给学生分配不同的题目，然后每个人负责一个特定的题目。根据“different topics to students”可知，assign“分配”符合局域。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。故选G。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：年轻的员工已经在多媒体设计和开发中发挥着至关重要的作用。crucial “至关重要的”符合句意，作定语。故选K。 【29题详解】 考查副词。句意：这幅画的色彩异常大胆和充满活力，引起了公众的注意。exceptionally “极其，非常”符合句意，作状语修饰形容词。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：比赛的重点是鼓励所有人释放他们隐藏的潜力。potential“潜力”符合句意，作宾语。故选D。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A (10%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Cable companies expand public Wi-Fi for customer loyalty Eager to keep their users connected outside the home, cable companies are rapidly expanding their public Wi-Fi networks. An effort that began less than two years ago, the “Cable WiFi” initiative was formed with the ____31____ that cable Internet subscribers will want to remain plugged into their favorite websites and online videos — without ____32____ the monthly data limits of wireless carrier contracts. Five cable companies have installed about 250,000 public hotspots — up from 150,000 when it started in 2012 — at ____33____ places like malls, public parks, cafes and small businesses. Comcast, the nation’s largest residential broadband Internet provider, is ____34____ its own public Xfinity-branded Wi-Fi hotspots by installing a second line in their subscribers’ home routers (路由器) if they can get the homeowners’ permission so that their subscribers visiting these Wi-Fi-enabled neighborhoods can surf the Net for free. The initiative is a direct ____35____ to the growing influence of video. Watching YouTube or online videos requires heavy ____36____ that can exhaust wireless data quickly. And more cable companies are offering “TV anywhere” options for members to stream shows outside the home. While the effort requires heavy investment, cable companies are banking on their subscribers to increase their reliance on Wi-Fi outdoors and lower the rate of customer ____37____ of the Internet service, says Kelly Davis-Felner, vice president of marketing for the Wi-Fi Alliance, a group that certifies and ____38____ public Wi-Fi usage. “There is an immediate impact in ____39____ Wi-Fi outside the home,” she says. “It’s an opportunity to offer a higher level of service.” For now, the cable companies’ hotspots are a bit of a(n) _____40_____ service as many users still rely on their wireless networks outdoors. “But there is a loyal group of users that appreciates metro Wi-Fi,” says Pat Esser, president of Cox. 31. A. exchange B. anticipation C. application D. demand 32. A. letting out B. resulting in C. eating up D. resting on 33. A. high-end B. brand-new C. upper-class D. high-traffic 34. A. expanding B. loosening C. deleting D. stimulating 35. A. devotion B. response C. opposition D. priority 36. A. efficiency B. challenge C. track D. capacity 37. A. preference B. satisfaction C. destruction D. cancellation 38. A. promotes B. complains C. exposes D. attaches 39. A. displaying B. packing C. absorbing D. extending 40. A. consistent B. unknown C. worthwhile D. imaginary 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. D 38. A 39. D 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了有线电视公司扩大公共Wi-Fi网络以提升客户忠诚度。 【31题详解】 查名词词义辨析。句意：“Cable WiFi”计划始于不到两年前，这一举措旨在满足有线电视互联网用户的需求，使他们能够在不消耗无线运营商合约中每月数据限额的情况下，继续访问自己喜欢的网站和在线视频。A. exchange交换；B. anticipation预期；C. application应用；D. demand需求。根据下文“that cable Internet subscribers will want to remain plugged into their favorite websites and online videos - without 　2　　 the monthly data limits of wireless carrier contracts.”可知，下文介绍了用户行为预期的内容，所以该倡议是基于对用户行为的预期而设立的。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“Cable WiFi”计划始于不到两年前，这一举措旨在满足有线电视互联网用户的需求，使他们能够在不消耗无线运营商合约中每月数据限额的情况下，继续访问自己喜欢的网站和在线视频。A. letting out放出；B. resulting in导致；C. eating up消耗；D. resting on依赖。根据下文“the monthly data limits of wireless carrier contracts”可知，该倡议的目的是让用户在不消耗无线数据限制的情况下访问网络。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：五家有线电视公司已在商场、公园、咖啡馆和小型企业等高人流量的地方安装了约25万个公共热点——这一数字相较于2012年启动时的15万个有了大幅提升。A. high-end高端的；B. brand-new全新的；C. upper-class上层的；D. high-traffic人流量大的。根据下文“places like malls, public parks, cafes and small businesses”可知，这些热点被安装在人流量大的地方。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Comcast，美国最大的住宅宽带互联网提供商，正在通过在其订户的家用路由器中安装第二条线路来扩展自己的公共Xfinity品牌Wi-Fi热点。A. expanding扩展；B. loosening放松；C. deleting删除；D. stimulating刺激。根据下文“its own public Xfinity-branded Wi-Fi hotspots by installing a second line in their subscribers’ home routers (路由器) if they can get the homeowners’ permission so that their subscribers visiting these Wi-Fi-enabled neighborhoods can surf the Net for free.”可知，Comcast正在扩展其Wi-Fi热点。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该举措是对视频影响力日益增长的直接回应。A. devotion奉献；B. response回应；C. opposition反对；D. priority优先权。根据下文“to the growing influence of video. Watching YouTube or online videos requires heavy 　 6　　 that can exhaust wireless data quickly.”可知，该举措是对视频影响力增长的回应。故选B。 【36题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：观看YouTube或在线视频需要大容量，这可能很快耗尽无线数据。A. efficiency效率；B. challenge挑战；C. track轨迹；D. capacity容量。根据上文“Watching YouTube or online videos requires heavy”和下文“that can exhaust wireless data quickly”可知，观看视频需要大量的数据容量。故选D。 【37题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：公共Wi-Fi联盟（一个认证和推广公共Wi-Fi使用的组织）的营销副总裁Kelly Davis-Felner表示，虽然这项工作需要大量投资，但有线电视公司正寄希望于他们的订户能更加依赖室外的Wi-Fi，从而降低互联网服务的客户取消率。A. preference偏好；B. satisfaction满意；C. destruction破坏；D. cancellation取消。根据上文“lower the rate of customer”和下文“of the Internet service”可知，有线电视公司希望降低客户的取消率，即不会因为数据有限而取消观看。故选D。 【38题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：公共Wi-Fi联盟（一个认证和推广公共Wi-Fi使用的组织）的营销副总裁Kelly Davis-Felner表示，虽然这项工作需要大量投资，但有线电视公司正寄希望于他们的订户能更加依赖室外的Wi-Fi，从而降低互联网服务的客户取消率。A. promotes推广；B. complains抱怨；C. exposes暴露；D. attaches附加。根据下文“public Wi-Fi usage”可知，Wi-Fi联盟是一个推广公共Wi-Fi使用的组织。故选A。 【39题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“在户外扩展Wi-Fi有直接影响。”A. displaying展示；B. packing打包；C. absorbing吸收；D. extending扩展。根据下文“Wi-Fi outside the home”可知，她指的是在户外扩展Wi-Fi的影响。故选D。 【40题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前，有线电视公司的热点服务有点不为人知，因为许多用户仍然依赖室外的无线网络。A. consistent一致的；B. unknown未知的；C. worthwhile值得的；D. imaginary想象的。根据下文“as many users still rely on their wireless networks outdoors”可知，有线电视公司的热点服务目前还有点不为人知。故选B。 Section B (22%) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A The Academy Awards Oscar presentation for excellence in the film industry has a long and rich history. In 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) was formed by 36 of the film industry’s most prominent individuals, choosing film actor Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. as its first president. In 1929, AMPAS presented the first Academy Award. The first Academy Awards, which took place at a private dinner for about 270 people, were presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, Los Angeles, U. S. state of California. A gold trophy, a 34-centimeter-tall statuette (小雕像), is awarded to the winners. Most people think that the statuette, which weighs nearly four kilograms, must be made of solid gold. If only this were true. It is gold-plated, but the great majority of an Oscar statuette is only bronze. While it may be priceless to the winners, the Academy officially sets its value at a mere US $1. The statuettes are technically property of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. As a result, before an Oscar winner can sell his trophy, he must first offer to sell it to the Academy for one dollar. This rule is to discourage winners from selling the awards for financial gain. Oscar is not a particularly common man’s name, so where does the moniker come from? Legend has it that in the 1930s, the Academy’s first librarian and later its executive director, Margaret Herrick, was heard to say that the statuette resembled her Uncle Oscar. The name stuck, and in 1939 the Academy officially adopted Oscar to represent the common name of the award. Its official name, however, is the “Academy Award of Merit.” Whatever one wishes to call it, the Oscar is one of the world’s most recognizable trademarks. Cinema has come a long way since the first prototypes of movie cameras were developed near the end of the 19th century. Movies have since become one of the most popular forms of entertainment worldwide. The Oscars have come to represent excellence in cinema. 41. The passage is mainly about ________. A. the history of the film industry. B. facts about the Academy Award of Merit. C. how to estimate the value of an Oscar statuette. D. the founder of the Academy Awards ceremony. 42. What does the word “moniker” in the fourth paragraph refer to? A. The composition of an Oscar statuette. B. The biography of a man named Oscar. C. The popularity of the Academy Awards ceremony. D. The informal name for the Academy Award of Merit. 43. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage? A. Where the ceremony is held. B. The origin of the name Oscar. C. The monetary value of an Oscar. D. How many Oscars are awarded annually. 44. According to the passage, we can learn that ________. A. Oscar is actually a real person’s name. B. The entire Oscar statuette is made of bronze. C. The winners are prohibited from selling the statuette. D. Movies have become less popular as a form of entertainment. 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. D 44. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了奥斯卡金像奖起源、奥斯卡奖杯、Oscar名字的由来以及这一奖项的重要意义等。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段“The Academy Awards Oscar presentation for excellence in the film industry has a long and rich history.(奥斯卡颁奖典礼在电影行业的卓越表现有着悠久而丰富的历史)”可知，本文介绍了奥斯卡金像奖的起源、奥斯卡奖杯、Oscar名字的由来以及这一奖项的重要意义等。故选B项。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“Oscar is not a particularly common man’s name(Oscar并不是一个特别普通的人的名字)”以及接着的问题“那么这个moniker是怎么来的呢？”可知，此处问是Oscar这个名字的由来，划线词moniker与上文的name意义相近。故选D项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。第二段的句子“The first Academy Awards, which took place at a private dinner for about 270 people, were presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, Los Angeles, U. S. state of California.(第一届奥斯卡颁奖典礼于1929年在美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的好莱坞罗斯福酒店举行，当时有270人参加了一次私人晚宴。)”提到了奥斯卡金像奖颁奖的地点。第四段的句子“Oscar is not a particularly common man’s name, so where does the moniker come from? Legend has it that in the 1930s, the Academy’s first librarian and later its executive director, Margaret Herrick, was heard to say that the statuette resembled her Uncle Oscar. The name stuck, and in 1939 the Academy officially adopted Oscar to represent the common name of the award.( Oscar并不是一个特别普通的男人的名字，那么这个绰号是从哪里来的呢？传说，在20世纪30年代，学院的第一位图书管理员，后来的执行董事玛格丽特·赫里克听说小金人像她的Oscar叔叔。这个名字沿用了下来，1939年学院正式采用Oscar作为该奖的通用名称。)”提到了Oscar这个名字的由来。第三段的句子“While it may be priceless to the winners, the Academy officially sets its value at a mere US $1.(虽然它对获奖者来说可能是无价之宝，但学院官方设定的价值仅为1美元。)”提到了奥斯卡奖杯的金钱价值。但文章没有提到每年颁发多少个奥斯卡奖？故选D项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“The statuettes are technically property of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. As a result, before an Oscar winner can sell his trophy, he must first offer to sell it to the Academy for one dollar.(严格来说，这些小金人属于美国电影艺术与科学学院。因此，在奥斯卡奖得主出售奖杯之前，他必须首先以一美元的价格将奖杯卖给学院。)”可知，获奖者不得出售小金人。故选C项。 B The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying — first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can boss around your appliances. Children are likely to grow up thinking everything is alive, or at least interactive. But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people personify everyday products. Sometimes we see things as human because we’re lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute free will and consciousness to various gadgets. In turn, feeling related to objects can reduce loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they’d been excluded socially, they made it up by exaggerating (夸大) their number of Facebook friends - unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends. At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents cursed (骂) at their computer- and the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely they were to report that it had “its own beliefs and desires.” When we personify products, they become harder to cast off. After being asked to evaluate their car’s personality, people were less likely to say they intended to replace it soon. So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles (散热器面罩) that were upturned like smiles and headlights that were like narrowed eyes sold best. Personifying products and brands can backfire, however. When a coffee maker was personified in an ad (“I am Aroma” versus just “Aroma”), men — but not women — felt betrayed by increases in its price. Now that speech-enabled coffee makers are on the market, maybe the machines can sweet-talk their way back into men’s hearts. 45. People are most likely to personify things when they ________. A. spend too much time chatting online B. lack real life friends and feel isolated C. enjoy bossing around in real life D. become extremely angry with a device 46. Which of the following can probably replace the phrase cast off? A. Be fond of. B. Take hold of. C. Get rid of. D. Make use of. 47. Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A. Cars with wide faces sell better because they are considered friendlier. B. Speech-enabled coffee makers attract more male customers. C. Nice-looking products are more likely to be personified. D. People personify everyday products for different reasons. 【答案】45. B 46. C 47. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是人们倾向于将日常物品拟人化的现象、原因、影响以及可能产生的反效果。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第一段“But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people personify everyday products.(但研究表明，即使没有会说话的小玩意，在某些情况下，人们也会把日常用品人格化)”和第二段的句子“Sometimes we see things as human because we’re lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute free will and consciousness to various gadgets. In turn, feeling related to objects can reduce loneliness.(有时候我们以人性的眼光看待事物，因为我们很孤独。在一项实验中，报告感觉被孤立的人比其他人更有可能将自由意志和意识归因于各种小工具。反过来，与物体相关的感觉可以减少孤独感)”可知，当人们缺乏现实生活中的朋友并感到孤立时，他们最有可能将事物拟人化。故选B。 【46题详解】 词句猜测题。划线词上文“After being asked to evaluate their car’s personality, people were less likely to say they intended to replace it soon.(在被要求评估他们的汽车的个性后，人们不太可能说他们打算很快更换它)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“当我们将产品拟人化时，它们就变得更难被丢弃”。由此可知，划线短语cast off意为“抛弃，摆脱”，和get rid of意思相近。故选C。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Sometimes we see things as human because we’re lonely.(有时候我们以人性的眼光看待事物，因为我们很孤独)”和第三段“At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them.(在其他时候，我们将产品拟人化以努力理解它们)”可知，人们出于不同的原因将日常用品拟人化。故选D。 C Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles” that is, the distance food travels to get from the producer to the retailer. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon emissions. Buying local food, therefore, has a lower carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly. However, the real story is not as simple as that. If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions (排放), we must look at the whole farming process, not just transportation. According to a recent study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process result from transportation, and only 4% originated from the final delivery of the product from the producer to the retailer. Other processes contribute much more. In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food. Take apples, for example. In autumn, when apples are harvested, the best option for a British resident is to buy British apples. However, the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses up a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-efficient to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the crop grows well in the local climate. We must also take into account the type of transport. Transporting food by air creates about 50 times more emissions than shipping it. However, only a small proportion of goods are flown to the consumer country, and these are usually high value items which we cannot produce locally, such as seafood and out-of-season berries. Even then, these foods may not have a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food. For example, beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using manual labor and natural fertilizers, unlike in Britain, where we use oil-based fertilizers and machinery. Therefore, the total carbon footprint is still lower. It’s also worth remembering that a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket. The distance consumers travel to buy their food, and the kind of transport they use will also add to its carbon footprint. So driving a long way to shop for food will negate any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce. Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labelling foods with stickers that show it has been imported by air. But ultimately, the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled. And even if we only buy local food which is currently in season, there are ethical (道德的) implications. What’s more, our diets would be more limited. 48. The author uses numbers in the second paragraph to suggest that ________. A. most high value items cannot be produced locally B. buying local food has a lower carbon footprint C. imported food contributes more to environmental damage D. transportation only plays a small part in carbon emissions 49. Which of the following is the writer most likely to support? A. Importing apples to Britain from New Zealand in spring. B. Labelling food with stickers that show it is imported. C. Transporting imported food to consumer countries by air. D. Making a long journey to buy locally produced food. 50. The underlined word negate is closest in meaning to ________. A. extend B. increase C. deny D. calculate 51. The passage is mainly about ________. A. the importance and benefits of buying locally produced food B. the reasons why buying local food does not reduce carbon emissions C. the reasons why many countries have to import food from overseas D. the environmental problems caused by food transportation 【答案】48. D 49. A 50. C 51. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了购买本地食品并不一定能够减少碳排放的观点。文章指出，进口食品往往比本地食品有更低的碳足迹，因为有些进口食品是在其生产国当季生长的，避免了冷藏和加热等高能耗过程。此外，文章还提到运输方式、消费者购买食品的距离和所使用的交通工具等因素也会影响食品的碳足迹。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to a recent study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process result from transportation, and only 4% originated from the final delivery of the product from the producer to the retailer. Other processes contribute much more. (根据最近的一项研究，在食品生产过程中，只有11%的碳排放来自运输，只有4%来自产品从生产商到零售商的最终交付。其他过程的贡献更大)”可知，作者用这些数字来表明，在食品生产的碳排放中，运输所占的比例很小，其他过程的碳排放更多。因此，选项D“transportation only plays a small part in carbon emissions(运输在碳排放中只占很小的一部分)”符合题意。故选D。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food. Take apples, for example. In autumn, when apples are harvested, the best option for a British resident is to buy British apples. However, the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses up a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-efficient to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season.(实际上，进口食品往往比本地生产的食品具有更低的碳足迹。以苹果为例，在秋季苹果收获时，对英国居民来说最好的选择是购买英国本地的苹果。然而，我们在冬季或春季购买的苹果已经被冷藏了好几个月，这消耗了大量的能源。因此，在春季从新西兰进口这些苹果更为节能，因为那里正值苹果的产季)”可知，作者支持从新西兰进口苹果到英国。因此，选项A“Importing apples to Britain from New Zealand in spring.(春天从新西兰向英国进口苹果)”是作者可能支持的。故选A。 【50题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词前“It’s also worth remembering that a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket. The distance consumers travel to buy their food, and the kind of transport they use will also add to its carbon footprint. (同样值得记住的是，产品的旅程不会在超市结束。消费者购买食物的路程，以及他们使用的运输方式也会增加其碳足迹)”以及“ So driving a long way to shop for food will negate any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce.( 因此，长途开车去买食物会negate购买当地生长产品带来的任何环境效益)”可知，消费者购买食物的路程中开长途车去买食物会增加碳足迹，从而抵消购买当地生长产品带来的环境效益。画线词“negate”与C选项“deny(否认，否定)”最接近，表示“抵消购买当地生长产品带来的环境效益”。故选C。 【51题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However, the real story is not as simple as that. If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions (排放), we must look at the whole farming process, not just transportation.(然而，事实并非如此简单。如果我们的目标是减少碳排放，我们必须关注整个农业生产过程，而不仅仅是运输)”以及通读全文可知，文章提到购买当地食品可以减少“食品里程”和碳排放，但通过数据和例子指出，购买当地食品并不总是能减少碳排放，因为需要考虑整个农业生产过程和运输方式等多种因素。因此，文章主要讨论的是为什么购买当地食品并不总是能减少碳排放。选项B“the reasons why buying local food does not reduce carbon emissions(购买本地食品不能减少碳排放的原因)”符合题意。故选B。 IV. Complete the chart (8%) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 10 words. Is Energy independence what we need? Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it, doesn’t it? If you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American presidents for decades. What is it we ant independence from, exactly? Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that oil from elsewhere. The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a certain amount of bio-fuel available, which is a renewable energy option, and more may become available, but the production of it can cause air pollution and ozone layer depletion (损耗). The process of producing it is also complicated and costly, which means it may cause economic waste. Second, Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports? Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don’t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels (桶) of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices. At the same time, we gain massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world. (1) ________52________ (2) ________53________ (3) ________54________ (4) ________55________ 【答案】52. America buys oil from elsewhere for some reasons. 53. can cause pollution and economic waste. 54. sacrifice environmental quality that Americans value. 55. gain economic benefits from trade and oil exports. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了美国从其他地方进口石油的原因。 【52题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“But there are reasons that we buy all that oil from elsewhere.(但我们从其他地方购买所有这些石油是有原因的)”可知，本段是全文的主题句，主要说明美国从其他地方购买石油是有原因的。故填America buys oil from elsewhere for some reasons. 【53题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Yes, there is a certain amount of bio-fuel available, which is a renewable energy option, and more may become available, but the production of it can cause air pollution and ozone layer depletion (损耗). The process of producing it is also complicated and costly, which means it may cause economic waste.(是的，有一定数量的生物燃料可用，这是一种可再生能源选择，而且未来可能会有更多，但它的生产可能会造成空气污染和臭氧层损耗。生产它的过程也很复杂且成本高昂，这意味着它可能会造成经济浪费)”可知，“生物燃料的生产可能会造成污染和经济浪费”是美国从其他地方购买石油的第一个原因。故填can cause pollution and economic waste. 【54题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad.(他们更重视保护环境质量，而不是从国外进口石油)”以及“To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?(为了减少进口，美国人到底愿意在多大程度上忍受国内能源生产对环境的影响？)”可知，“减少石油进口会牺牲美国人所重视的环境质量”是第二个原因。故填sacrifice environmental quality that Americans value. 【55题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“At the same time, we gain massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.(同时，当我们在世界市场上购买最实惠的能源，并在全球范围内进行能源贸易时，我们获得了巨大的经济利益)”可知，“美国将从贸易和石油出口中获得经济利益”是第三个原因。故填gain economic benefits from trade and oil exports. V. Translation (15%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 【上教版】 56. 接受陌生人的微信好友申请时要三思而行。 (request) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Think twice before accepting a friend request from a stranger on WeChat. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语及动词短语。“三思而后行”是固定用法，翻译为Think twice before doing；“接受好友申请”翻译为accept a friend request；“在微信上”翻译为on WeChat。故整句可翻译为Think twice before accepting a friend request from a stranger on WeChat. 57. 口感影响人们对于食物的态度，这一点大家深信不疑。 (convince) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is widely convinced that taste influences people’s attitudes towards food. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、时态。表示“人们普遍相信”用固定句型it is widely convinced that...，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，句首单词首字母大写。主语从句中：表示“口感”用taste，作主语；表示“影响”用influence，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语taste为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数；表示“某人对……的态度”用one’s attitude towards sth.，表示“人们的”用people’s，人们的态度不止一种，用复数attitudes，作influences的宾语；表示“食物”用food，作介词to的宾语。故翻译为It is widely convinced that taste influences people’s attitudes towards food. 58. 这位前世界冠军向我们证明，一个小小的决定可能产生巨大的影响。 (difference) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The former world champion proved to us that a small decision could make a big difference. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和宾语从句。“这位前世界冠军”翻译为The former world champion，在句中作主语；“向某人证明”用短语prove to sb.，后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意文章，所以用连接代词that引导；“一个小小的决定”翻译为a small decision；“产生巨大的影响”用短语make a big difference。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。故翻译为The former world champion proved to us that a small decision could make a big difference. 59. 这所百年老校注重因材施教，为学生提供尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶，果然名不虚传。(expose) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The century-old school lives up to its reputation by focusing on individualized teaching and providing students with as much exposure to art and culture as possible. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语、介词、动名词短语和时态。句子陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语“这所百年老校”应为名词短语the century-old school，句首单词首字母大写；表示“不负盛名，名不虚传”应为动词短语live up to its reputation，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式；后接介词by表示“通过”，解释学校如何达到其声誉的具体方式，表示“注重因材施教”译为focus on individualized teaching；“为学生提供”译为provide students with，表示“尽可能多的”译为as much...as possible，“熏陶”可理解为“接触”，用所给动词expose的名词形式构成短语exposure to，“艺术和文化”译为art and culture，作介词to的短语；focus on individualized teaching和provide students with as much exposure to art and culture as possible作介词by的宾语，应用动名词短语，并用and连接。故翻译为：The century-old school lives up to its reputation by focusing on individualized teaching and providing students with as much exposure to art and culture as possible. 【上外版】 60. 预计有数百万家庭将受益于智慧家系统。(predict) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is predicted that millions of families will benefit from the smart home system. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句、动词（短语）、名词短语和形容词。“预计……”可表达为it is predicted that…，描述当前的情况，用一般现在时，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；从句描述将来的情况，时态应用一般将来时，主语“数百万家庭”可用名词短语millions of families，“受益于”可用动词短语benefit from，“智慧家系统”可用名词短语the smart home system。故可译为：It is predicted that millions of families will benefit from the smart home system. 61. 本次科技展的重头戏是一场最新科技成果的发布会。 (highlight) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The highlight of this technology exhibition is the launch event showcasing the latest scientific and technological achievements. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。主语“本次科技展的重头戏”可翻译为the highlight of this technology exhibition；表示“发布会”应用the launch event，作表语；表示“一场最新科技成果”可用现在分词短语，作定语修饰launch event，为主动关系，翻译为showcasing the latest scientific and technological achievements。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为The highlight of this technology exhibition is the launch event showcasing the latest scientific and technological achievements. 62. 她上个月获得了年度员工的头衔，但由于前几天犯的错没能保住。 (earn) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She earned the title of Employee of the Year last month, but lost it due to a mistake she made a few days ago. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词，名词，介词短语，定语从句和时态。句子陈述过去发生的动作，时态用一般过去时；“她上个月获得了年度员工的头衔”，主语“她”应用代词she，句首单词首字母大写；谓语动词“获得了”用动词earn的过去式形式；宾语“年度员工的头衔”译为the title of Employee of the Year；时间状语“上个月”译为last month；其后“但”用连词but连接并列谓语，“没能保住”可理解为“失去了这个头衔”，故用动词lose的过去式lost，接it作宾语指代前文“the title of Employee of the Year”，“由于”可用介词短语due to，“前几天犯的错”可译为a mistake she made a few days ago，其中she made a few days ago为定语从句，修饰先行词a mistake，指物，关系词指代先行词在从句中作made的宾语，故可省略关系词that或which。故本句译为：She earned the title of Employee of the Year last month, but lost it due to a mistake she made a few days ago. 63. 大量植物种子得以完好保存，这归功于那些致力于保护生物多样性科学家。 (owe) （汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A large number of plant seeds have been well preserved, owing to the scientists committed to protecting biodiversity. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态和介词短语。“大量植物种子得以完好保存”在陈述过去动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时。“大量植物种子”为a large number of plant seeds，作主语。“保存”为preserve，主语与谓语动词为被动关系。用现在完成时的被动语态。“归功于”为owing to。“科学家”为scientists ，作宾语。“致力于做某事”为be committed to doing sth.，本句为过去分词作后置定语；“保护生物多样性”为 protecting biodiversity，动名词作宾语。故翻译为：A large number of plant seeds have been well preserved, owing to the scientists committed to protecting biodiversity. VI. Guided Writing (10%) 【上教版】 64. Directions: Write an English composition in about 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，学校计划开发一款供本校师生使用的APP，现征求学生意见。请你写一份邮件给学生会，表达你的想法。内容需包括： 1. 你对该APP的具体设想（包括名称、功能等）； 2. 你的理由。 （注意：文中不得出现具体学校名称或人名。） ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Student Union, I am writing to share my thoughts on the school’s plan to develop an APP exclusively for teachers and students. I envision this APP being named “CampusConnect.” It should integrate several key features such as a real-time timetable checker, an announcement board and an interactive learning platform. The timetable checker would allow us to view our schedules and those of our classmates, facilitating easier coordination. The announcement board would keep everyone updated on school events and important notices. The learning platform could host online courses, quizzes, and discussion forums, enhancing our educational experience. With “CampusConnect,” information dissemination becomes seamless, and learning transcends the traditional classroom boundaries, making education more accessible and engaging. Thank you for considering my ideas. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一份邮件给学生会，表达对开发一款供本校师生使用的APP的想法。 详解】1.词汇积累 允许：allow →permit 活动：event →activity 提高：enhance →improve 考虑：consider →take sth. into account 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：I envision this APP being named “CampusConnect.” It should integrate several key features such as a real-time timetable checker, an announcement board and an interactive learning platform. 拓展句：I envision this APP being named “CampusConnect”, which should integrate several key features such as a real-time timetable checker, an announcement board and an interactive learning platform. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I am writing to share my thoughts on the school’s plan to develop an APP exclusively for teachers and students. (运用了不定式作后置定语) [高分句型2] The learning platform could host online courses, quizzes, and discussion forums, enhancing our educational experience. (运用了现在分词作状语) 【上外版】 65. Directions: Write an English composition in about 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，学校计划新增一门文学艺术类选修课，现征求学生意见。请你写一份邮件给学生会，表达你的想法。内容需包括： 1. 你建议开设的课程名称、主要内容、授课方式等； 2. 你的理由。 （注意：文中不得出现具体学校名称或人名。） ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Student Union, I am writing to share my thoughts on the school’s plan to introduce a new elective course in the field of literature and art. In light of this exciting opportunity, I would like to propose a course titled “Classical Poetry Appreciation and Creative Writing.” This course would primarily focus on exploring the beauty and depth of classical poetry from various cultures, with a special emphasis on Chinese classical poetry. Through lectures, discussions, and interactive workshops, students would not only learn to appreciate and analyze these timeless works but also be encouraged to engage in creative writing inspired by the poetic traditions. I believe that this course would greatly enhance our literary and artistic appreciation. Thank you for considering my proposal. I look forward to seeing this course become a reality. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校计划新增一门文学艺术类选修课，现征求学生意见。要求考生写一份邮件给学生会，表达自己的想法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：propose→suggest 主要地：primarily→mainly 激发：inspire→stimulate 考虑：consider→take into account 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am writing to share my thoughts on the school’s plan to introduce a new elective course in the field of literature and art. 拓展句：I am writing to share my thoughts on the school’s plan to introduce a new elective course that focuses on literature and art. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In light of this exciting opportunity, I would like to propose a course titled “Classical Poetry Appreciation and Creative Writing.”（运用了过去分词短语作后置定语） 【高分句型2】I believe that this course would greatly enhance our literary and artistic appreciation.（运用了that引导宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$