Unit 1 Animal Friends 单元核心知识点精讲精练(词汇、句型、语音、语法) -【帮课堂】2024-2025学年七年级英语下册同步学与练(人教版2024)

2025-01-16
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语人教版七年级下册
年级 七年级
章节 Unit 1 Animal friends
类型 学案-导学案
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2025-01-16
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品牌系列 上好课·上好课
审核时间 2025-01-16
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Unit 1 Animal Friends 单元核心知识点精讲精练 【主要内容】 · 本资料包含单元重点词汇(包括重点的小学词汇)、语音知识、重要句型和语法讲解,以及其他单元重要知识点。 · 本资料含随学随练和综合练习题,并附带答案与解析。 · 本单元内容思维导图: 一、单元语音音标学习 (一)元音音标 1. /eɪ/ ●发音特征 口型变化:发音时,由第一个音素/e/向第二个音素/ɪ/滑动。开始时,双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平形,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起;然后双唇逐渐收圆,舌位也随之稍稍抬高。 发音时长:/eɪ/是一个长音,发音时要保持足够的时长,完整地发出从/e/到/ɪ/的滑动过程。 发音感觉:发音过程中,口腔肌肉有一定的紧张度,且有明显的由/e/向/ɪ/的滑动感,不能只发出其中一个音素的音。 ●发音规则 常见字母组合 单词 a name [neɪm] (名字) plane [pleɪn] (飞机) lake [leɪk] (湖泊) ai rain [reɪn] (雨) train [treɪn] (火车) pain [peɪn] (疼痛) ay day [deɪ] (天) way [weɪ] (路) play [pleɪ] (玩) ●读一读 eight(八) great(伟大的) wait(等待) say(说) bay(海湾) make a cake(做一个蛋糕) take a train(乘火车) play games(玩游戏) They say it's a great day to play outside.(他们说这是一个出去玩的好日子。) ●记一记 (1)谐音记忆法 /eɪ/的发音有点类似于汉字“欸”的读音,可以通过这种谐音来帮助记忆,但要注意英语发音与汉字读音在发音方式和口型上还是有一定区别的,不能完全等同。 (2)单词联想记忆法 将音标/eɪ/与一些常见且容易记忆的单词联系起来。比如“cake”,可以想象一块美味的蛋糕,一边想着蛋糕的样子,一边反复念“cake”这个单词,强化对/eɪ/发音的记忆。 (3)口型夸张记忆法 在练习发音时,将口型的变化夸张化,充分展示从/e/到/ɪ/的滑动过程,这样能更深刻地感受发音时口腔的变化,从而更好地记住这个音标的发音。 2. /æ/ ●发音特点 口型:双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平形,开口程度较大,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,但低于发/e/时的舌位。 发音方式:气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,直接从口腔中呼出,声带振动。发音时要短促而有力。 ●常见发音规则 常见字母组合 单词 a cat/kæt/(猫) hat/hæt/(帽子) map/mæp/(地图) bad/bæd/(坏的) fan/fæn/(风扇) ●读一读 apple(苹果) ant(蚂蚁) dad(爸爸) Pat has a fat cat. The cat is black and has a big hat. ●记一记 (1)口型记忆法 可以想象自己在张大嘴巴惊讶地说“啊”,但要注意将双唇向两旁平伸,保持扁平的口型,这样有助于记住/æ/的发音口型。 (2)单词联想记忆法 将/æ/与一些形象的单词联系起来记忆。比如“cat”(猫),可以想象一只可爱的小猫,一边想着小猫的样子,一边反复念“cat”这个单词,强化对/æ/发音的记忆。 (3)对比记忆法 将/æ/与发音相近的音标进行对比记忆,如/eɪ/和/e/。对比“cat”(/kæt/)、“cake”(/keɪk/)和“bed”(/bed/)的发音,感受/æ/与/eɪ/、/e/的区别,从而更准确地记忆/æ/的发音。 3. /ɔː/ ●发音特点 口型:双唇收得又圆又小,并向前突出,舌身往后缩,口腔肌肉处于紧张状态。 发音方式:气流从肺部呼出,通过口腔时不受阻碍,声带振动,发音时要保持足够的时长,声音比较响亮、饱满。 ●发音规则与示例 常见字母组合 单词 o dog /dɔːɡ/(狗) not /nɔːt/(不) al all /ɔːl/(所有的) ball /bɔːl/(球) call /kɔːl/(呼叫) fall/fɔːl/(落下) wall/wɔːl/(墙) au autumn/ˈɔːtəm/(秋天) August/ˈɔːɡəst/(八月) author /ˈɔːθə(r)/(作者) aw law/lɔː/(法律) saw /sɔː/(看见;see的过去式) raw/rɔː/(生的) draw /drɔː/(画) ou ought /ɔːt/(应该) bought /bɔːt/(买;buy的过去式和过去分词) thought /θɔːt/(想;think的过去式和过去分词) ●读一读 fork(/fɔːk/)叉子 horse(/hɔːs/)马 store(/stɔː(r)/)商店 The horse is running on the grass. I bought a fork in the store. ●记一记 (1)口型夸张记忆法 练习发音时,将双唇收圆、突出的动作做得夸张一些,体会口腔肌肉的紧张感,强化对/ɔː/发音口型的记忆。比如模仿吹口哨前的准备动作,保持住这个口型来发音。 (2)单词形象记忆法 把/ɔː/与一些有具体形象的单词联系起来。例如ball(球),可以想象一个大大的圆球,一边想象球的样子,一边反复念ball,加深对/ɔː/发音的记忆。 (3)对比记忆法 将/ɔː/与发音相近的音标进行对比。比如/ɔː/和/ɒ/,/ɔː/是长元音,发音较长且饱满,/ɒ/是短元音,发音较短促。对比dog(英式发音/dɒɡ/,美式发音/dɔːɡ/)的不同发音,感受它们的区别,从而更准确地记忆/ɔː/的发音。 (二)名词复数形式发音规则: 情况 示例 清辅音后发音为/s/ books/bʊks/ cats/kæts/ maps/mæps/ 浊辅音和元音后发音为/z/ dogs /dɒɡz/(英式发音)或/dɔːɡz/(美式发音) birds/bɜːdz/ boys/bɔɪz/ /s/、/z/、/ʃ/、/tʃ/、/dʒ/等音后发音为/ɪz/ buses/ˈbʌsɪz/ boxes /ˈbɒksɪz/(英式发音)或/ˈbɔːksɪz/(美式发音) watches/ˈwɒtʃɪz/(英式发音)或/ˈwɔːtʃɪz/(美式发音) 不规则变化 man-men(男人) woman-women(女人) child-children(孩子) tooth-teeth(牙齿) mouse-mice(老鼠) (三)弱读音节 弱读音节是指在单词或句子中发音时弱化、音量较小、发音时间较短且发音不太清晰的音节。通常元音会发生弱化,变成更短、更模糊的音,常见的是弱化为/ə/或/ɪ/等。例如,在单词about中,a发/ə/音;在begin中,第二个音节gin中的i发/ɪ/音。 常见的弱读音节形式: 情况 示例 元音弱化 /æ/弱化为/ə/或/ɪ/ family中a在弱读时可发/ə/音 practical中a有时会弱读成/ɪ/音 /eɪ/弱化为/e/或/ə/ breakfast中ea弱化为/e/音 celebrate中e在弱读时可发/ə/音 /ɪə/弱化为/ə/ idea中ea常弱读成/ə/音 辅音弱化 单词of,在弱读时/f/音可能会弱化甚至几乎不发音,听起来像/əv/或/v/ 学习在对话中如何注意非重读音节的发音,如 Let's go and see the monkeys. They're my favorite animals. 中 Let's and the They're 等词的弱读。 二、单元重点单词清单 fox(狐狸) giraffe(长颈鹿) eagle(鹰) wolf(狼,复数wolves) penguin(企鹅) care(照顾,护理) danger(危险) save(救,储蓄) luck(运气) Thai(泰国的,泰国人的) trunk(象鼻) pick(捡,摘) carry(拿,提) playful(爱嬉戏的,爱玩的) swimmer(游泳者) forest(森林) ivory(象牙) friendly(友好的) scary(吓人的,恐怖的) neck(脖子) guess(猜测,估计) shark(鲨鱼) whale(鲸) hearing(听力,听觉) 三、单元重点短语清单 care about(关心,在意) take care of(=look after)(照顾,照料) be back(回来) in danger(处于危险之中) out of danger(脱离危险) pick up(拿起,举起) be friendly to(对……友好) be friendly with(与……很要好) quite a(相当不错) not at all(一点也不,完全不) play with(和……玩) one another(互相) 四、单词及短语详解 1.fox ●词性及词义 (1)名词: 狐狸 A fox is a clever animal.(狐狸是一种聪明的动物。) 狐皮 The coat is made of fox.(这件外套是用狐皮做的。) 狡猾的人 He is a fox.(他是个狡猾的人。) (2)动词 欺骗;迷惑;使困惑。 He tried to fox me, but I wasn't fooled.(他试图欺骗我,但我没有上当。) ●复数形式 foxes,读音为英 [ˈfɒksɪz];美 [ˈfɑːksɪz]。 ●常见短语 (1)fox out 意为使(某人)暴露发现(某人)的错误或秘密。 The detective managed to fox out the truth.(侦探设法查明了真相。) (2)play fox 表示耍滑头;装假。 Don't play fox with me. I know you're lying.(别跟我耍滑头。我知道你在撒谎。) (3)as cunning as a fox 像狐狸一样狡猾。 The thief was as cunning as a fox.(这个小偷像狐狸一样狡猾。) ●用法示例 (1)作主语:The fox jumped over the fence.(狐狸跳过了篱笆。) (2)作宾语:He saw a fox in the forest.(他在森林里看到了一只狐狸。) (3)作定语:The fox tail is very beautiful.(狐狸的尾巴非常漂亮。) 2.giraffe ●词性及词义 名词:长颈鹿 A giraffe has a very long neck.(长颈鹿的脖子很长。) ●常见短语 (1)a herd of giraffes:一群长颈鹿 We saw a herd of giraffes in the zoo.(我们在动物园里看到了一群长颈鹿。) (2)tall giraffe:高个子长颈鹿 The tall giraffe is eating leaves.(那只高个子长颈鹿正在吃树叶。) ●用法示例 (1)作主语:Giraffes are very gentle animals.(长颈鹿是非常温顺的动物。) (2)作宾语:I like giraffes because they are so special.(我喜欢长颈鹿,因为它们很特别。) (3)作定语:The giraffe's legs are very long.(长颈鹿的腿很长。)在这个句子中,使用了名词所有格giraffe's来表示所属关系。 3.eagle ●词性及词义 名词:鹰 An eagle is flying high in the sky.(一只鹰在天空中高高飞翔。) ●常见短语 bald eagle:白头鹰(美国的象征) The bald eagle is the national bird of the United States.(白头鹰是美国的国鸟。) eagle eye:鹰眼;敏锐的目光 The detective has an eagle eye for details.(这位侦探对细节有敏锐的目光。) eagle's nest:鹰巢 The climbers found an eagle's nest on the cliff.(登山者在悬崖上发现了一个鹰巢。) ●用法示例 作主语:Eagles are known for their sharp eyesight.(鹰以其敏锐的视力而闻名。) 作宾语:We saw eagles soaring in the mountains.(我们看到鹰在山中翱翔。) 作定语:The eagle feathers are very beautiful.(鹰的羽毛非常漂亮。) 4.wolf ●词性及词义 名词: - 狼。例如:A wolf is a fierce animal.(狼是一种凶猛的动物。) - 残忍凶狠的人;贪婪的人。如:He is a wolf in sheep's clothing.(他是个貌善心恶的人。) - 色狼;色鬼。例如:She realized that the man was a wolf.(她意识到那个男人是个色狼。) 动词: - 大口地快吃;狼吞虎咽。例如:He wolfed down his dinner.(他狼吞虎咽地吃完了晚餐。) ●常见短语 the big bad wolf:大坏狼;坏蛋;令人恐怖的人或物 The children were scared of the big bad wolf in the story.(孩子们害怕故事里的大坏狼。) cry wolf:发假警报;谎报军情 If you cry wolf too often, people won't believe you when there is a real danger.(如果你经常谎报军情,当真正有危险时人们就不会相信你了。) wolf in sheep's clothing:貌善心恶的人;披着羊皮的狼 Be careful of that man. He's a wolf in sheep's clothing.(小心那个人。他是个披着羊皮的狼。) ●用法示例 作主语:Wolves hunt in packs.(狼成群猎食。) 作宾语:The hunter killed a wolf.(猎人打死了一只狼。) 作定语:The wolf cub was very cute.(狼崽非常可爱。) ★即学即练 1. In the story, the clever ____ tricked the other animals. A. wolf B. eagle C. giraffe D. fox 2. The ____ has sharp eyesight and can spot small animals from far away. A. wolf B. eagle C. giraffe D. fox 3. If you go to the grassland, you might see a group of ____ running together. A. wolf B. eagle C. giraffe D. fox 1.答案:D 解析:在许多故事中,狐狸通常被描绘成聪明且狡猾的形象,经常会想出各种计谋来欺骗其他动物。而狼通常被描绘为凶猛的形象;鹰是强大的空中捕食者;长颈鹿则是温和、食草的动物,它们在故事中一般不具有这样的“聪明且爱欺骗”的典型特征。所以这里选狐狸(fox)最为合适。 2.答案:B 解析:鹰(eagle)拥有非常锐利的视力,这是它作为优秀捕食者的重要特征之一。它能够在高空中翱翔时,从很远的距离就发现地面上的小动物,然后迅速俯冲捕捉。狼主要依靠嗅觉和听觉来追踪猎物;长颈鹿的视力主要用于观察周围环境以警惕天敌,但视力的敏锐程度不如鹰;狐狸的视力相对普通,没有鹰那样出色的远距离视物能力。所以答案是鹰(eagle)。 3.答案:A 解析:狼(wolf)是群居动物,它们在草原上通常会成群结队地活动,一起奔跑、狩猎。鹰主要在空中飞行,不会在草原上成群奔跑;长颈鹿虽然生活在草原上,但它们一般不会像狼那样成群快速奔跑,通常是较为悠闲地进食或移动;狐狸大多是单独行动,很少会成群奔跑。因此,在草原上可能看到一群狼一起奔跑,答案选狼(wolf)。 5.care ●词性及词义 动词: - 在意;担忧;关心。 He doesn't care about his grades.(他不在乎自己的成绩。) - 照顾;照料。 She cares for her sick mother every day.(她每天照顾生病的母亲。) - 喜欢;想要。 Would you care for a cup of tea?(你想喝杯茶吗?) 名词: - 照顾;照料。 The old man needs good care.(这位老人需要很好的照顾。) - 小心;谨慎。 Take care when you cross the street.(过马路时要小心。) - 忧虑;烦恼。 He has a lot of cares in his life.(他生活中有很多烦恼。) ●常见短语 (1)care about:关心;在意 We should care about the environment.(我们应该关心环境。) (2)care for:照顾;喜欢;想要 She cared for the orphan like her own child.(她像照顾自己的孩子一样照顾这个孤儿。) (3)take care:小心;保重 Take care! The road is slippery.(小心!路很滑。) (4)take care of:照顾;照料;负责处理 He takes care of his younger sister when his parents are away.(他父母不在时,他照顾他的妹妹。) ●词形变化 形容词:careful(小心的;仔细的);careless(粗心的;大意的)。 副词:carefully(小心地;仔细地);carelessly(粗心地;大意地)。 ●用法示例 (1)作动词: - She cares deeply about her friends.(她非常关心她的朋友。) - I don't care what he says.(我不在乎他说什么。) - He cares for music very much.(他非常喜欢音乐。) (2)作名词: - The patient received good care in the hospital.(病人在医院得到了很好的照顾。) - With great care, he fixed the broken vase.(他非常小心地修复了破碎的花瓶。) - His cares made him look much older.(他的忧虑使他看起来老了很多。) ★即学即练 1. You should be more ______ when you do your homework, or you will make many mistakes. A. careful B. careless C. carefully D. carelessly 2. My mother is ill. I have to ______ her at home. A. care about B. care for C. take care D. take care of 1.答案:A 解析:本题考查形容词的用法。“be more + 形容词”表示“更……”。首先,分析选项,careful是形容词,意为“小心的;仔细的”;careless也是形容词,意为“粗心的;大意的”;carefully是副词,意为“小心地;仔细地”;carelessly是副词,意为“粗心地;大意地”。由于be动词后需要接形容词,所以C和D选项可以排除。再根据后半句“or you will make many mistakes(否则你会犯很多错误)”可知,做作业时应该更仔细,而不是更粗心,所以应该选择careful,即A选项。 2.答案:B/D 解析:本题考查care相关短语的辨析。care about意为“关心;在意”;care for有“照顾;喜欢;想要”等意思,在这里表示“照顾”;take care意为“小心”;take care of意为“照顾;照料;负责处理”。根据前半句“My mother is ill(我妈妈生病了)”可知,“我”得在家照顾她,所以care for和take care of都符合题意,即B和D选项都正确。 6.danger ●词性及词义 名词: 危险:指可能导致伤害、损失或不良后果的情况或状态。例如:The boy is in danger.(这个男孩处于危险之中。) 危险物;威胁:可以指具体的对人或事物构成危险的东西或人。例如:Snakes are a danger in the jungle.(在丛林中,蛇是一种危险物。) ●常见短语 in danger:处于危险中 The wild animals are in danger because of the loss of their habitats.(由于栖息地的丧失,野生动物处于危险之中。) out of danger:脱离危险 After the operation, the patient is out of danger.(手术后,病人脱离了危险。) danger zone:危险区域 Don't enter the danger zone.(不要进入危险区域。) pose a danger to:对……构成威胁 The polluted water poses a danger to people's health.(被污染的水对人们的健康构成威胁。) ●词形变化 形容词:dangerous,意为危险的。 It's dangerous to play football on the road.(在路上踢足球是危险的。) 副词:dangerously,意为危险地。 The car is driving dangerously fast.(这辆车开得很快,很危险。) ●用法示例 作主语:Danger is everywhere in the war zone.(战区到处都有危险。) 作宾语:We should avoid danger.(我们应该避免危险。) 作表语:The situation is full of danger.(这种情况充满了危险。) ★即学即练 1. It's ______ to swim in the river without an adult. A. danger B. dangerous C. dangerously D. out of danger 2. Tigers are ______ because people hunt them for their fur and bones. A. in danger B. out of danger C. a danger D. danger zone 1.答案:B。解析:本题考查固定句型“It's + 形容词 + to do sth.”,表示“做某事是……的”,所以这里需要用形容词dangerous。 2.答案:A。解析:根据后半句“人们为了它们的皮毛和骨头而猎杀它们”可知老虎处于危险中,所以用in danger。 7.luck ●词性及词义 名词: 运气:指一种非人力所能控制的机遇或命运的力量,可好可坏。 I had good luck in the exam.(我在考试中运气好。) 好运;幸运:强调有利的机遇或好的结果。 Wish you good luck!(祝你好运!) 厄运;倒霉:有时也可表示不好的运气。 He had bad luck recently.(他最近运气不好。) ●常见短语 good luck:好运;祝你好运。用于祝愿他人在某事上取得好的结果。 Good luck with your new job.(祝你新工作顺利。) bad luck:坏运气;倒霉。 Bad luck! I missed the bus.(真倒霉!我错过了公交车。) luck out:运气好;侥幸成功。 We lucked out and got the last two tickets.(我们运气好,买到了最后两张票。) try one's luck:碰碰运气。 He decided to try his luck in the lottery.(他决定碰碰运气买彩票。) ●词形变化 形容词:lucky,意为幸运的;有好运的。 She is a lucky girl.(她是个幸运的女孩。) 副词:luckily,意为幸运地;幸好。 Luckily, I found my keys under the sofa.(幸运的是,我在沙发底下找到了我的钥匙。) ●用法示例 作主语:Luck is sometimes important in winning the game.(运气在赢得比赛中有时很重要。) 作宾语:He always believes in luck.(他总是相信运气。) 作表语:Meeting you here is really luck.(在这里遇见你真的很幸运。)通常在这种表达中用lucky更常见,但口语中也会有luck这种表述。 ★即学即练 1. ______, I didn't miss the train although I got up late this morning. A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily D. Bad luck 2. I'm going to ______ and see if I can win the prize. A. try my luck B. have good luck C. luck out D. have bad luck 1.答案:C。解析:这里需要一个副词来修饰整个句子,表示“幸运地”,所以用Luckily。 2.答案:A。解析:根据后半句“看看我是否能赢得奖品”可知,这里是要碰碰运气,所以用try one's luck这个短语。 8. carry ●词性及词义 动词: 携带;拿着;抱着:表示用手、胳膊等身体部位搬运或持有某物。 He carried a heavy bag on his back.(他背着一个沉重的包。) 运送;运输:指通过交通工具等将人或物从一个地方送到另一个地方。 The truck carries goods from the factory to the store.(卡车把货物从工厂运到商店。) 传送;传播:用于描述声音、信息、疾病等的传递。 The wind carried the sound of the bell.(风传送着钟声。) 支撑;承载:指物体承受重量或压力。例如:The bridge can carry heavy trucks.(这座桥能承载重型卡车。) 具有;带有:表示某物包含或具有某种特征、性质等。例如:This kind of apples carries a sweet smell.(这种苹果带有一种甜味。) 承担;负担:指承担责任、费用等。例如:You should carry the responsibility for your actions.(你应该为你的行为承担责任。) ●常见短语 carry on: 继续做某事:尤指在中断后继续进行。 Carry on with your work.(继续你的工作。) 进行;开展:表示进行某种活动。 They carried on a long conversation.(他们进行了长时间的交谈。) carry out: 执行;实施:指执行计划、命令、任务等。 We must carry out the plan carefully.(我们必须认真执行这个计划。) 完成;实现:表示完成某项工作或实现某个目标。 He carried out his promise.(他实现了他的诺言。) carry away: 带走;运走:指将某物从一个地方带到另一个地方。 The flood carried away many houses.(洪水冲走了许多房屋。) 使失去自制力;使着迷:常用于被动语态。 He was carried away by the beautiful music.(他被美妙的音乐迷住了。) carry off: 拿走;夺走:表示强行拿走某物。 The thief carried off her purse.(小偷抢走了她的钱包。) 成功地完成(困难的事):尤指在困难或不利的情况下。 She carried off the performance well.(她成功地完成了表演。) ●用法示例 作谓语: - She carried the baby in her arms.(她怀里抱着婴儿。) - The bus carried us to the park.(公共汽车把我们送到了公园。) - The plan was carried out successfully.(这个计划成功地实施了。) 用于被动语态: - The goods are carried by train.(货物由火车运输。) - He was carried away by his excitement.(他因兴奋而失去了自制力。) ★即学即练 1. The truck is used to ______ vegetables from the farm to the city. A. carry B. carry on C. carry out D. carry away 2. We should ______ the plan as soon as possible. A. carry on B. carry out C. carry off D. carry away 1.答案:A。解析:本题考查动词及短语辨析。句意为“卡车被用来把蔬菜从农场_____到城市”。A选项carry有“运送;运输”的意思,符合语境;B选项carry on意为“继续做某事;进行”;C选项carry out意为“执行;实施”;D选项carry away意为“带走;使失去自制力”,B、C、D选项均不符合题意,所以选A。 2.答案:B。解析:本题考查短语辨析。句意为“我们应该尽快_____这个计划”。B选项carry out有“执行;实施”的意思,与plan搭配,符合语境;A选项carry on意为“继续做某事;进行”;C选项carry off意为“拿走;成功地完成(困难的事)”;D选项carry away意为“带走;使失去自制力”,A、C、D选项均不符合题意,所以选B。 9. friendly ●词性及词义 形容词: 友好的;友善的:描述人的性格或行为,表示对他人亲切、和蔼,乐于与人交往。 The people in this town are very friendly.(这个镇上的人非常友好。) 亲切的;善意的:用于形容微笑、眼神、话语等传达出的友好情感。 She gave me a friendly smile.(她给了我一个亲切的微笑。) (事物之间)和睦的;融洽的:表示关系和谐。 The two countries have a friendly relationship.(这两个国家有着友好的关系。) 有利于……的;适宜的:常用来描述环境、条件等对某物或某事的发展有积极作用。 This climate is friendly to plants.(这种气候适宜植物生长。) ●常见短语 be friendly to:对……友好;对……有利。 We should be friendly to animals.(我们应该对动物友好。) This policy is friendly to the development of the economy.(这项政策有利于经济的发展。) be friendly with:与……友好相处。 He is friendly with his classmates.(他和同学们友好相处。) friendly match:友谊赛。 They will have a friendly match next week.(他们下周将举行一场友谊赛。) ●用法示例 作定语: - A friendly dog came up to me.(一只友好的狗向我走来。) - We had a friendly talk.(我们进行了一次友好的交谈。) 作表语: - She is always friendly.(她总是很友好。) - The environment here is friendly to us.(这里的环境对我们很适宜。) ●词形变化 - 名词形式为friend,意为朋友。 I have many friends.(我有很多朋友。) · in a friendly way。 He talked to me in a friendly way.(他友好地和我交谈。) ★即学即练 1.The people in the new neighborhood are very ______. I like living here. A. friend B. friends C. friendly 2.We should ______ the environment. It's important for our future. A. be friendly to B. be friendly with C. friendly to D. friendly with 1.答案:C 解析:本题需要一个形容词来描述“The people”的特征,A选项“friend”是名词“朋友”;B选项“friends”是“friend”的复数形式;C选项“friendly”是形容词“友好的”,符合题意。所以选C。 2.答案:A 解析:“should”是情态动词,后面要接动词原形,C、D选项缺少动词“be”,所以排除;“be friendly to”表示“对……友好;对……有利”,“be friendly with”表示“与……友好相处”,这里是说对环境友好,用“be friendly to”,所以选A。 10. hearing ●词性及词义 名词: 听力;听觉:指人或动物感知声音的能力。 His hearing is very good.(他的听力很好。) 听力所及的范围:表示能够听到声音的距离或区域。 Keep within hearing.(待在听力所及的范围内。) 审讯;听证会:指在法庭或其他官方场合进行的听取证词、辩论等活动。 The hearing will be held next week.(审讯将在下周举行。) ●常见短语 have good/poor hearing:听力好/差。 The old man has poor hearing.(这位老人听力差。) within hearing:在听力所及的范围内。 The children played within hearing of their parents.(孩子们在父母听力所及的范围内玩耍。) out of hearing:在听力范围之外。 He walked away until he was out of hearing.(他一直走,直到走出了听力范围。) hearing aid:助听器。 My grandfather needs a hearing aid to hear clearly.(我爷爷需要助听器才能听清楚。) ●用法示例 作主语: - Hearing is one of our five senses.(听觉是我们的五种感官之一。) - The hearing of this case took a long time.(这个案件的审讯花了很长时间。) 作宾语: - She lost her hearing in the accident.(她在事故中失去了听力。) - They attended the hearing to support their friend.(他们参加听证会来支持他们的朋友。) 作定语: - The hearing test is very important for the elderly.(听力测试对老年人很重要。) - He bought a new hearing aid.(他买了一个新的助听器。) ●词形变化 动词形式是hear,意为听见;听到;听说等。 I can hear the birds singing.(我能听见鸟儿在唱歌。) hearing是hear的动名词形式,可用于构成一些进行时态的句子。 I was hearing some strange noises last night.(昨晚我听到一些奇怪的声音。) ★即学即练 1. My grandma's ______ is not very good, so I have to speak loudly to her. A. sight B. hearing C. smell D. taste 2. The children played games ______ of their parents, so they could call their parents for help at any time. A. within hearing B. out of hearing C. in hearing D. on hearing 1.答案:B 解析:根据后半句“so I have to speak loudly to her”(所以我必须大声和她说话)可知,前面说的是奶奶的听力不好,“hearing”有“听力”的意思,所以选B。 2.答案:A 解析:根据后半句“so they could call their parents for help at any time”(所以他们可以随时向父母求助)可知,孩子们是在父母听力所及的范围内玩耍,“within hearing”表示“在听力所及的范围内”,所以选A。 11. care about 关心;在意:强调对某人或某事的关注、重视以及内心的在意程度。 Parents always care about their children's health.(父母总是关心他们孩子的健康。) She doesn't care about what others think of her.(她不在乎别人对她的看法。) ●用法 后接名词或代词:表示关心某人或某事。 He cares about his friends deeply.(他非常关心他的朋友们。) We should care about the environment.(我们应该关心环境。) 后接动名词:表示在意做某事。 She cares about getting good grades.(她在意取得好成绩。) He doesn't care about spending much time on sports.(他不在乎在体育上花费很多时间。) 用于疑问句或否定句时,常表示对某事不感兴趣或认为不重要 Do you care about this movie?(你对这部电影感兴趣吗?) He doesn't care about money.(他不在乎钱。) ●辨析 care about&care for: care about:侧重于对事物的关注和重视,强调思想上的在意。 I care about your future.(我关心你的未来。) care for:有照顾;照料的意思,相当于look after;也有喜欢的意思,相当于like。 She cared for the sick child day and night.(她日夜照顾生病的孩子。)He doesn't care for coffee.(他不喜欢咖啡。) ●常见搭配 care deeply about:非常关心、深切在意。 We should care deeply about the poor.(我们应该深切关心穷人。) not care at all about:一点也不在乎。 He seems not to care at all about his appearance.(他似乎一点也不在乎自己的外表。) ★即学即练 1.My mother always ______ my grades. She wants me to get good marks. A. cares about B. cares for C. looks after D. looks for 2.—Do you ______ going to the park this weekend? —No, I don't. I want to stay at home. A. care about B. care for C. take care of D. be careful with 1.答案:A 解析:本题考查短语辨析。根据题意“我妈妈总是____我的成绩。她想让我取得好分数”,此处表达的是对成绩的关注和重视,侧重于思想上的在意,应用care about。care for有“照顾;喜欢”之意;look after意为“照顾”;look for意为“寻找”,均不符合题意,所以选A。 2.答案:A 解析:本题结合语境考查care about的用法。问句意思是“你_____这周末去公园吗”,答句说不想去,想待在家里,说明问句是在询问对去公园这件事感不感兴趣,care about后接动名词形式表示在意做某事,符合题意。care for表示“喜欢”时,后面直接接名词;take care of意为“照顾”;be careful with意为“小心”,均不符合语境,所以选A。 12. take care of(=look after) 照顾;照料:强调对人或事物的负责和保护,以确保其健康、安全和正常状态。 My mother takes care of my little sister every day.(我妈妈每天照顾我的小妹妹。) She looked after the old man very well.(她把这位老人照料得很好。) ●用法 后接人:表示照顾某人的生活起居、健康等方面。 The nurse takes care of the patients in the hospital.(护士在医院里照顾病人。) He has to look after his mother because she is ill.(他得照顾他的妈妈,因为她生病了。) 后接物:表示对事物的保管、维护等。 You should take care of your books.(你应该保管好你的书。) She looks after the garden and makes it very beautiful.(她照料花园,使它变得非常美丽。) ●辨析 take care of & care for: take care of和care for都有照顾的意思:在许多情况下可以互换使用。 He takes care of/cares for his younger brother.(他照顾他的弟弟。) care for还有喜欢的意思:这是take care of所没有的用法。 She doesn't care for this kind of music.(她不喜欢这种音乐。) take care of & look after: 两者意思基本相同:常可互换使用,都强调照顾、照料的行为。 Can you take care of/look after my pet dog while I'm away?(我不在的时候你能照顾我的宠物狗吗?) take care of更强调承担责任和义务:而look after更侧重于日常的照看动作。 ●常见搭配 take good care of:好好照顾。 Please take good care of yourself.(请好好照顾自己。) look after well:照料得很好。 The babysitter looks after the kids well.(保姆把孩子们照料得很好。) take care of oneself:照顾自己。 You are old enough to take care of yourself.(你已经足够大了,可以照顾自己了。) ★即学即练 1. When my parents are out, my elder sister will ______ me. A. take care of B. care for C. look for D. look at 2. The old man is very kind. He ______ the homeless cats in the neighborhood. A. looks after B. looks up C. takes care D. cares of 1.答案:A。 解析:句意为“当我父母外出时,我姐姐会照顾我”。look for是“寻找”,look at是“看”,不符合语境,排除C和D;take care of和care for都有“照顾”之意,但这里强调姐姐承担照顾“我”的责任,take care of更合适,care for“喜欢”的含义在此处不适用,所以选A。 2.答案:A。 解析:此句意思是“这位老人非常善良,他照料社区里无家可归的猫咪”。looks up是“查阅;向上看”,不符合语境,排除B;takes care后需接of才表示“照顾”,排除C;不存在cares of这种表达,排除D;looks after有“照顾,照料”之意,符合语境,所以选A。 13. be back 回来;返回:表示从别处回到原来的地方。 He will be back soon.(他很快就会回来。) ●用法 单独使用:用于描述某人或某物回到某个地点。 Mom, when will you be back?(妈妈,你什么时候回来?) The bus will be back in an hour.(公交车一小时后回来。) 与介词短语搭配:常与to+地点或at+时间等搭配,更具体地说明返回的地点或时间。 She will be back to school next week.(她下周将返回学校。) They were back at the hotel at ten o'clock.(他们十点钟回到了酒店。) 用于一般将来时:常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如soon, tomorrow, in a few days等。 I'll be back tomorrow.(我明天回来。) He will be back in a week.(他一周后回来。) 用于一般过去时:表示过去某个时间返回。 They were back late last night.(他们昨晚回来得很晚。) ●辨析 be back & come back: 意思相近:都有回来的意思。 He will be back/come back soon.(他很快就会回来。) be back强调状态:表示处于回来的状态;而come back强调动作,更侧重于回来这个动作的发生。 When I got home, my father was already back.(我到家时,爸爸已经回来了。) He came back from school at five o'clock.(他五点钟从学校回来。) be back & return: return比较正式:用法较为广泛,可以表示返回归还等意思。而be back比较口语化,主要表示回来的意思。 He returned to his hometown last year.(他去年回到了家乡。)= He was back to his hometown last year. 但在表示归还时,只能用return,不能用be back。例如:You must return the book on time.(你必须按时归还这本书。) ●常见搭配 be back home:回家。 I'm so tired. I just want to be back home.(我太累了。我只想回家。) be back from:从……回来。 She is back from Paris.(她从巴黎回来了。) be back again:再次回来。 He left but said he would be back again.(他离开了,但说他会再次回来。) ★即学即练 1. —When will your father ______? —He will be back at 6 p.m. A. be back B. come back C. return back D. A, B and C 2. She ______ from the park just now. A. is back B. was back C. comes back D. come back 1.答案:A、B。 解析:题目问“你父亲什么时候回来”,回答是“他下午6点会回来”。be back和come back都有“回来”的意思,在此处都适用,所以A和B都正确;而return本身就有“返回”的意思,后面不需要再加back,C选项错误。 2.答案:B。 解析:句中“just now”(刚才)表明时态是一般过去时,所以谓语动词要用过去式。A选项is back是一般现在时;C选项comes back是一般现在时第三人称单数形式;D选项come back是原形,均不符合;B选项was back是一般过去时,符合语境,所以选B。 14. in danger 处于危险之中,强调人或事物面临着可能受到伤害、损害或毁灭的危险情况。 The little boy is in danger. We must save him.(这个小男孩处于危险之中,我们必须救他。) ●用法 作表语:通常用于系动词(如be, seem, look等)之后,说明主语的状态。 The old tree looks in danger of falling down.(这棵老树看起来有倒下的危险。) The animals in the forest are in danger because of deforestation.(由于森林砍伐,森林里的动物处于危险之中。) 后接of短语:表示具体面临的某种危险,of后面接名词、代词或动名词。 The patient is in danger of death.(这位病人有死亡的危险。) The bridge is in danger of collapsing.(这座桥有坍塌的危险。) ●辨析 in danger & dangerous: in danger强调状态:表示主语自身处于危险的境地。 The climber is in danger.(这位登山者处于危险之中。) dangerous是形容词,意为危险的:用来描述能对他人或事物造成危害的人或事物本身的性质。 The snake is dangerous.(这条蛇是危险的。) in danger & at risk: 两者都有处于危险中的意思:在很多情况下可以互换使用。 The species is in danger/at risk of extinction.(这个物种有灭绝的危险。) at risk更侧重于面临某种风险或可能性:而in danger更强调已经处于危险的状态。 ●常见搭配 be in danger of doing sth:有做某事的危险。 The city is in danger of being flooded.(这座城市有被洪水淹没的危险。) put sb/sth in danger:使某人/某物处于危险之中。 His careless driving put everyone in the car in danger.(他粗心的驾驶使车上的每个人都处于危险之中。) save sb/sth from danger:把某人/某物从危险中拯救出来。 The firefighter saved the child from danger.(消防员把孩子从危险中救了出来。) ★即学即练 1. The old house is ______ of falling down. We should stay away from it. A. in danger B. dangerous C. at risk D. in dangerous 2. Playing with fire can ______ yourself ______. A. put; at risk B. put; in dangerous C. put; in danger D. put; danger 1.答案:A。解析:句意为“这座老房子有倒塌的危险。我们应该远离它”。be in danger of doing sth. 是固定搭配,表示“有做某事的危险”,A选项符合;B选项dangerous是形容词“危险的”,不能用于此结构;C选项at risk后一般直接接名词,如at risk of extinction(有灭绝风险),这里结构不合适;D选项in dangerous表达错误,所以选A。 2.答案:C。解析:句意为“玩火会使你自己处于危险之中”。put sb. in danger 是固定短语,意为“使某人处于危险之中”,A选项put...at risk虽也有使处于风险之意,但此处从搭配习惯上不如put...in danger合适;B选项in dangerous表达错误;D选项put后缺少介词,所以选C。 15. out of danger 脱离危险,强调之前处于危险状态,现在已经摆脱了危险,情况变得安全。 The patient is out of danger now.(病人现在脱离危险了。) ●用法 作表语:通常用于系动词之后,说明主语的状态已经从危险转变为安全。 After the doctor's treatment, the injured man was out of danger.(经过医生的治疗,受伤的男子脱离了危险。) The forest fire is out of danger after the firefighters' efforts.(在消防员的努力下,森林大火已脱离危险。) 常与动词搭配使用:如be, get, become等。 We hope he will get out of danger soon.(我们希望他很快脱离危险。) The situation became out of danger finally.(局势最终脱离了危险。) ●辨析 out of danger & in danger: - out of danger表示已经脱离危险状态,是安全的;而in danger表示处于危险之中。 The sick cat was in danger yesterday, but it is out of danger today.(这只生病的猫昨天处于危险之中,但今天已经脱离危险了。) out of danger & safe: - 两者都有安全的意思,但out of danger更强调从危险状态转变为安全,有一个变化的过程;safe则单纯表示处于安全的状态。 The child was out of danger after being rescued by the police.(孩子被警察救出来后脱离了危险。) The little girl is now safe at home.(小女孩现在在家很安全。) ●常见搭配 be out of danger:最常见的用法,直接表示处于脱离危险的状态。 The accident victim is finally out of danger.(事故受害者终于脱离危险了。) get out of danger:强调动作,即从危险状态中摆脱出来。 With the help of the lifeboat, the sailors got out of danger.(在救生艇的帮助下,水手们脱离了危险。) pull sb out of danger:表示把某人从危险中拉出来,使其脱离危险。 The brave man pulled the old woman out of danger.(这位勇敢的男子把老妇人从危险中救了出来。) ★即学即练 1. After the operation, the seriously - injured man ______ at last. A. was out of danger B. was in danger C. was dangerous D. was safe and sound 2. Thanks to the timely treatment, the boy ______ soon. A. got out of danger B. got in danger C. became dangerous D. became out of danger 1.答案:A。解析:句意为“手术后,这位重伤员最终______” 。根据语境,手术之后应该是脱离危险。A选项“was out of danger”表示脱离危险,符合题意;B选项“was in danger”是处于危险中,与语境不符;C选项“was dangerous”表示“是危险的”,不符合;D选项“was safe and sound”意为“安然无恙”,强调状态良好,没有经历危险的过程,这里强调从危险中脱离,A更合适。所以选A。 2.答案:A。解析:句意为“多亏了及时的治疗,这个男孩很快______”。“Thanks to the timely treatment”表明治疗使男孩脱离危险。A选项“got out of danger”表示脱离危险,符合语境;B选项“got in danger”表达错误,应为“be in danger”;C选项“became dangerous”表示变得危险,不符合语境;D选项“became out of danger”表达错误,out of danger常与be、get等词搭配,不与become这样用。所以选A。 16. pick up 捡起;拾起:常指用手将地上或其他地方的东西拿起来。 Please pick up the book on the floor.(请捡起地板上的书。) 接载;搭载:表示开车去接某人或顺路搭载某人。 My father will pick me up after school.(我爸爸放学后会来接我。)The bus stopped to pick up some passengers.(公交车停下来搭载一些乘客。) 学会;获得:指通过学习、实践或经历等方式自然而然地掌握某种技能、知识或习惯等。 He picked up some English while he was in the UK.(他在英国时学会了一些英语。) 恢复(健康、体力等):通常指身体或精神状态逐渐变好。 After a few days' rest, she picked up.(休息了几天后,她恢复了健康。) 收听;接收(信号等):用于描述收音机、电视、手机等接收设备接收到广播、电视节目、信号等。 This radio can pick up many different stations.(这台收音机可以收听许多不同的电台。) ●用法 及物动词用法:pick up后面直接接宾语,如捡起的东西、接的人、学到的知识等。 He picked up a wallet on the street.(他在街上捡到一个钱包。) She picked up some new skills at the training course.(她在培训课程上学到了一些新技能。) 不及物动词用法:当表示恢复健康、情况好转等含义时,pick up后面不接宾语。 The economy is picking up.(经济正在复苏。) ●常见搭配 pick up sth for sb:为某人捡起某物或为某人去接某物。 Can you pick up the keys for me?(你能帮我捡起钥匙吗?) I'll pick up the tickets for us.(我会去为我们取票。) pick sb/sth up from...:从某地捡起某人/某物或从某地接某人。 She picked up her son from school.(她从学校接她儿子。) He picked up the pen from the ground.(他从地上捡起钢笔。) ★即学即练 1. The driver stopped the car to ______ a passenger on the way. A. pick up B. pick out C. look up D. put up 2. My brother ______ some French when he worked in France. A. picked up B. set up C. took up D. made up 1.答案:A。解析:句意为“司机在路上停车______一位乘客”。pick up有“接载;搭载”之意,符合语境;pick out意为“挑选出”;look up意为“查阅;向上看”;put up意为“张贴;搭建”,均不符合,所以选A。 2.答案:A。解析:句意为“我哥哥在法国工作时______一些法语”。pick up有“学会;获得”之意,在此表示学会了一些法语,符合语境;set up意为“建立”;took up意为“开始从事;占据”;made up意为“编造;组成”,均不符合,所以选A。 17.be friendly to 对……友好对……友善,强调对他人或事物表现出亲切、和善的态度。 We should be friendly to everyone.(我们应该对每个人都友好。) ●用法 接人作宾语:用于描述人与人之间的友好态度。 Tom is friendly to his new classmates.(汤姆对他的新同学很友好。) She is always friendly to the old people in the nursing home.(她对养老院的老人总是很友好。) 接事物作宾语:表示对某类事物持有积极、善意的态度。 We should be friendly to the environment.(我们应该对环境友好。) This kind of energy is friendly to nature.(这种能源对大自然有益。) ●句型转换 否定句:在be动词后面加not。 He isn't friendly to his neighbors.(他对他的邻居不友好。) 一般疑问句:将be动词提到句首。 Is she friendly to the new students?(她对新同学友好吗?) ●辨析 be friendly to & be friendly with: - be friendly to强调对某人或某事的友好态度,后面通常接人或事物。 The teacher is friendly to all his students.(这位老师对他所有的学生都很友好。) - be friendly with表示与……友好相处和……是朋友,强调两者之间有友好的关系,后面一般接人。 He is friendly with his colleagues.(他和他的同事们友好相处。) ●常见搭配 be friendly enough to do sth:足够友好去做某事。 He is friendly enough to help me with my English.(他很友好,愿意帮我学习英语。) try to be friendly to:尽力对……友好。 You should try to be friendly to your new roommate.(你应该尽力对你的新室友友好。) 18. be friendly with 与……友好相处和……是朋友,侧重于描述两者之间已经建立起了友好的关系,强调一种相互的、持续的友好状态。 He is friendly with his classmates.(他和他的同学们友好相处。) ●用法 接人作宾语:主要用于说明主语和其他人之间的友好关系。 Lucy is friendly with Lily. They often play together.(露西和莉莉很友好。她们经常一起玩耍。) I'm friendly with the kids next door.(我和隔壁的孩子们相处得很好。) ●句型转换 否定句:在be动词后面加not。 She isn't friendly with her deskmate.(她和她的同桌相处得不友好。) 一般疑问句:将be动词提到句首。 Are you friendly with your teammates?(你和你的队友们相处得好吗?) ●辨析 be friendly with & be friendly to: - be friendly with强调两者之间相互的友好关系,是一种比较亲密、稳定的友好状态,通常用于描述人与人之间的关系。 They have been friendly with each other for a long time.(他们彼此友好相处很长时间了。) - be friendly to侧重于对某人或某事表现出友好的态度,后面既可以接人,也可以接事物。 We should be friendly to animals.(我们应该对动物友好。) ●常见搭配 be friendly with sb for + 时间段:表示与某人友好相处了一段时间。 They have been friendly with each other for two years.(他们彼此友好相处两年了。) become friendly with sb:表示开始与某人友好相处,强调从陌生到友好的变化过程。 He became friendly with his new classmates quickly.(他很快就和新同学友好相处了。) ★即学即练 1. My sister ______ her classmates since she entered the new school. A. has been friendly with B. has been friendly to C. was friendly with D. was friendly to 2. You should ______ others. It's easier to make friends in this way. A. be friendly with B. be friendly to C. become friendly with D. try to be friendly with 1.答案:A。解析:句中有“since she entered the new school”,这是现在完成时的标志,所以句子要用现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,C和D选项是一般过去时,不符合,排除;又因为此句强调与同学们友好相处的这种关系,用be friendly with,所以选A。 2.答案:B。解析:句意为“你应该______他人。这样更容易交到朋友”。这里强调对他人友好的态度,用be friendly to,后接人;A选项be friendly with强调已经建立的友好关系,在此处不合适;C选项become friendly with表示开始与某人友好相处,不符合语境;D选项try to be friendly with意为尽力与……友好相处,也侧重于建立关系,不如B选项符合语境。所以选B。 19. quite a 有相当;颇;非常;很等意思,用于强调程度,常表示超出一般的水平或数量。 It's quite a nice day.(今天天气真好。) ●用法 修饰可数名词单数:通常置于不定冠词a/an之前,构成quite a/an + 可数名词单数结构。 He is quite a good player.(他是个相当不错的运动员。) This is quite an interesting movie.(这是一部相当有趣的电影。) 与形容词连用:用于强调形容词所表达的性质或状态的程度较高。 The mountain is quite a high one.(这座山相当高。)相当于The mountain is quite high.但前者强调意味更浓。 表示数量概念:可表示相当多的数量可观的。 There is quite a distance between the two cities.(这两座城市之间距离相当远。) ●常见搭配 quite a lot:表示许多;大量;非常多,可单独使用,也可接of + 名词结构。 He has traveled quite a lot.(他旅行过很多地方。) There are quite a lot of books in the library.(图书馆里有很多书。) quite a few:意为不少;相当多,后接可数名词复数。 Quite a few students passed the exam. ★即学即练 1. I have ______ friends in my new school. We often play together. A. quite a lot B. quite a few C. quite a little D. quite lot of 2. This is ______ story. I like it very much. A. quite interesting B. quite a interesting C. quite an interesting D. a quite interesting 1.答案:B。解析:friends为可数名词复数,“quite a few”表示“不少;相当多”,后接可数名词复数,符合题意。“quite a lot”单独使用表示“许多”,若接名词需加“of”,即“quite a lot of”;“quite a little”后接不可数名词;“quite lot of”表达错误。所以选B。 2.答案:C。解析:“quite”修饰可数名词单数时,置于不定冠词“a/an”之前,构成“quite a/an + 可数名词单数”结构,interesting以元音音素开头,要用“an”,所以是“quite an interesting story”,选C。 20.not at all 用于回答感谢:表示不用谢不客气,相当于You're welcome。 - A: Thank you very much for helping me.(非常感谢你帮助我。) - B: Not at all.(不用谢。) 用于回答道歉:表示没关系一点也不介意。 - A: I'm sorry for breaking your cup.(对不起,我打碎了你的杯子。) - B: Not at all. It's just a small thing.(没关系,这只是一件小事。) 表示完全否定:意为一点也不根本不,用来强调否定的程度。 - I'm not tired at all.(我一点也不累。) - She doesn't like math at all.(她根本不喜欢数学。) ●位置 not at all在表示完全否定时,通常位于系动词(如be动词)、助动词(如do, does, did等)或情态动词(如can, could, will等)之后,实义动词之前。如果句子中没有这类动词,则直接放在实义动词之后。 - He is not at all interested in history.(他对历史一点都不感兴趣。) - They do not at all understand what I mean.(他们根本不明白我的意思。) - I like the movie not at all.(我一点也不喜欢这部电影。) ●辨析 not at all与not...in the least:两者都有一点也不的意思,可互换使用。 I'm not at all/in the least hungry.(我一点也不饿。) not at all与never mind:都可用于回应道歉,但never mind更侧重于安慰对方,让对方不要把事情放在心上;not at all强调自己不介意。 - A: I'm sorry I'm late.(对不起,我迟到了。) - B1: Never mind. It doesn't matter this time.(没关系,这次不要紧。) - B2: Not at all. There's no hurry.(没关系,不着急。) ★即学即练 1. —Thank you for your beautiful flowers. —______. I'm glad you like them. A. Not at all B. All right C. That's right D. You're welcome to 2. —I'm sorry for making so much noise. —______. I was just reading a book. A. Not at all B. Not in the least C. Never mind D. A, B and C 1.答案:A。解析:上句说“感谢你送的漂亮花”,回应感谢,“Not at all”有“不用谢”之意,符合语境。“All right”表示“好吧”;“That's right”表示“那是对的”;“You're welcome to”表述有误,正确的是“You're welcome”,所以选A。 2.答案:D。解析:上句为道歉“很抱歉制造这么多噪音”。“Not at all”“Not in the least”都可用于回应道歉,表示“没关系”;“Never mind”同样可用于回应道歉,安慰对方别把事情放心上,所以A、B、C选项都合适,选D。 21. play with 玩耍;与……一起玩:强调与他人或动物进行娱乐活动。 The children are playing with each other in the park.(孩子们在公园里互相玩耍。) He likes to play with his dog after school.(他放学后喜欢和他的狗一起玩。) ●用法 接人作宾语:表示和某人一起玩耍、嬉戏。 She often plays with her classmates during the break.(她经常在课间和同学们一起玩。) 接物作宾语:表示摆弄、玩弄某物。 Don't play with fire. It's dangerous.(不要玩火。这很危险。) He is playing with a yo-yo.(他在玩溜溜球。) 接动物作宾语:表示与动物互动、玩耍。 My sister likes to play with the kitten.(我妹妹喜欢和小猫玩耍。) ●位置 通常位于主语之后,宾语之前,构成主语 + play with + 宾语的结构。 They play with toys every Sunday.(他们每个星期天都玩玩具。) ●常见搭配 play with sb/sth + 时间状语:表示在某个时间或时间段内与某人或某物玩耍。 We played with snow all morning.(我们整个上午都在玩雪。) like to play with:喜欢与……一起玩。 Most kids like to play with water.(大多数孩子喜欢玩水。) stop playing with:停止与……玩耍;停止摆弄。 Stop playing with your pen and listen to the teacher.(停止玩你的笔,听老师讲课。) ★即学即练 1. My little brother often ______ his toys before going to bed. A. plays with B. plays C. play with D. play 2. —What does your sister like to do on weekends? —She likes to ______ her friends in the park. A. play B. play with C. playing D. playing with 1.答案:A。解析:句子主语是My little brother,为第三人称单数,一般现在时中,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,所以排除C和D选项。play表示“玩耍”时,是不及物动词,若要接宾语,需用play with,这里表达“玩他的玩具”,所以用plays with,选A。 2.答案:B。解析:like to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“喜欢做某事”,所以这里要用动词原形,排除C和D选项。同样,表达“和某人一起玩”要用play with,所以选B。 22.one another 互相彼此,用于描述多个人或事物之间的相互关系。 ●用法 作宾语:常放在动词之后,充当动词的宾语。 They should help one another.(他们应该互相帮助。) We often learn from one another.(我们经常互相学习。) 与不及物动词搭配:可与一些不及物动词加介词构成的短语连用。 The children are looking at one another and smiling.(孩子们正彼此看着对方微笑。) 与反身代词区别:one another强调多个人或事物之间的相互关系,而反身代词强调动作回到执行者本身。 He hurt himself.(他伤到了自己。)这里不能用one another。 ●位置 通常位于谓语动词之后,具体取决于句子的结构和动词的用法。 They talk to one another every day.(talk to是动词短语,one another紧跟其后) The students respect one another.(respect是及物动词,one another作其宾语) ●辨析 one another & each other:在初中学段,两者通常可以互换使用,都表示互相彼此。 They love each other/one another.(他们彼此相爱。) ★即学即练 1. The twins always share their secrets with ______. A. one another B. themselves C. each other's D. one other 1.答案:A。解析:句意为“这对双胞胎总是彼此分享他们的秘密”。这里表示两者之间相互分享,“one another”和“each other”都有“互相”之意,可用于此句;B选项“themselves”是反身代词“他们自己”,不符合句意;C选项“each other's”是“彼此的”,后面需接名词,这里不合适;D选项“one other”表述错误,无此用法。所以选A。 五、单元重点句型剖析 1. 询问最喜欢的动物及回答 ●句型结构 What's + 形容词性物主代词(your/his/her/our/their等) + favourite + 名词(此处为animal)? 用于询问对方最喜欢的某类事物。What's是What is的缩写,favourite表示最喜欢的 ,形容词性物主代词表明所属关系。 回答时用It's + the + 动物名称,the在这里表示特指喜欢的这一类动物 —What's your favourite animal?(你最喜欢的动物是什么?) —It's the panda.(它是熊猫。) ●拓展应用 可以根据实际情况替换形容词性物主代词。 What's your favourite______? It's______.(你最喜欢的______是什么? 它是______) 横线处可填入各类名词,如subject(学科)、fruit(水果)、color(颜色)、sport(运动)等。回答同样用It's + 具体的事物。 询问最喜欢的学科: -What's your favourite subject?(你最喜欢的学科是什么?) -It's English.(是英语。) 询问最喜欢的水果: -What's your favourite fruit?(你最喜欢的水果是什么?) -It's the apple.(是苹果。) 询问最喜欢的颜色: -What's your favourite color?(你最喜欢的颜色是什么?) -It's blue.(是蓝色。) 询问最喜欢的运动: -What's your favourite sport?(你最喜欢的运动是什么?) -It's basketball.(是篮球。) 2. 询问喜欢或不喜欢某种动物的原因及回答: - Why do you like...? Because...(你为什么喜欢……? 因为……) - Why don't you like...? Because...(你为什么不喜欢……? 因为……) ●句型结构: Why是疑问词,意为为什么,用来引导对原因的询问。do是助动词,帮助构成疑问句,没有实际意义。you是主语,like是谓语动词,意为喜欢,...处可以是各种动物(如pandas、dogs、birds等),也可以是其他事物,如movies(电影)、books(书)等。 Because...是回答此问题的常用句式,Because是连词,意为因为,后面接喜欢该事物的原因。 -Why do you like pandas?(你为什么喜欢熊猫?) -Because they are very cute.(因为它们非常可爱。) ●拓展应用 除了描述动物的特征,原因还可以从动物的习性、与自身的联系等方面阐述。 -Why do you like dogs? -Because they are loyal and can be good companions.(你为什么喜欢狗?因为它们很忠诚,能成为很好的伙伴。) -Why don't you like snakes?(你为什么不喜欢蛇?) -Because they look scary.(因为它们看起来很吓人。) 3. 询问动物的来源: - Where are...from? They're from...(……来自哪里? 它们来自……) - Where does it usually live? / Where is it from? (它通常住在哪里?/它来自哪里?) ●句型结构 特殊疑问句,用于询问多个动物的来源地。Where是疑问词,用来询问地点,意为哪里;are是系动词,用于构成疑问句;...from表示来自……,中间可以填入复数形式的动物名称。回答时用They're from...,其中They're是They are的缩写,后面接表示地点的名词或短语。 -Where are pandas from?(熊猫来自哪里?) -They're from China.(它们来自中国。) Where does it usually live?用于询问单个动物通常的栖息地,Where是疑问词,does是助动词,用于构成疑问句,it是主语,指代单个动物,usually是频率副词,意为通常,live是谓语动词,意为居住。Where is it from?则用于询问单个动物的来源地,结构与前面介绍的Where are...from?类似,只是这里主语是单数形式it。 -Where does a lion usually live?(狮子通常住在哪里?) -It usually lives in Africa.(它通常生活在非洲。) -Where is the kangaroo from?(袋鼠来自哪里?) -It's from Australia.(它来自澳大利亚。) ●拓展应用:该句型不仅可以用于询问动物的来源地,还可以用于询问人、物品等的来源地。 -Where are these apples from? -They're from Shandong.(这些苹果来自哪里?它们来自山东。) -Where does a polar bear usually live?(北极熊通常住在哪里?) -It usually lives in the Arctic.(它通常生活在北极。) -Where is the koala from?(考拉来自哪里?) -It's from Australia.(它来自澳大利亚。) 4. 询问动物的外貌特征: - What does it look like? / How does it look? (它看起来像什么?/它看起来怎么样?) (1)What does it look like? ●句型结构:这是一个特殊疑问句,用于询问人或动物的外貌特征。What作为疑问词,对事物的特征、样子等进行提问 。does是助动词,帮助构成一般现在时的疑问句,无实际意义。it是主语,可指代前文提到的动物,也可泛指某一动物。look like是谓语部分,look在这里是系动词,意为看起来 ,like是介词,look like合起来表示看起来像……,询问外貌具体的样子。 回答方式:回答通常围绕动物的体型、颜色、毛发、五官等外貌特点展开。例如: -What does the panda look like?(熊猫看起来什么样?) -It has black - and - white fur, two big black eyes, and a round body.(它有黑白相间的皮毛,两只大大的黑眼圈,还有一个圆圆的身体。) ●拓展应用:除了动物,该句型也可用于询问人的外貌 What does your new teacher look like?(你的新老师长什么样?) He is tall and has short black hair.(他很高,留着黑色短发。) (2) How does it look? ●句型结构 特殊疑问句,How作为疑问词,意为怎样,询问关于动物给人的整体外观感受或印象。does是助动词,it为主语,look是系动词,意为看起来。此句型更侧重于询问对方对该动物外观的主观感受。回答方式:回答可以是描述性的形容词,表达对动物外貌的看法,如可爱、漂亮、奇怪等。 -How does the giraffe look?(长颈鹿看起来怎么样?) -It looks very tall and graceful.(它看起来非常高且优雅。) ●与What does it look like?的区别 What does it look like?更注重客观描述动物具体的外貌特征;而How does it look?更侧重于主观感受,回答更倾向于用形容词描述对动物外观的整体印象 。 5. 询问动物的能力 What can it do? (它能做什么?) ●句型结构 - What是疑问词,用于对事物的内容、性质、状况等进行提问,在这里是对动物所能做的事情进行提问。 - can是情态动词,意为能够可以,表示能力或可能性。 - it是主语,指代所讨论的动物。 - do是实义动词,在这里表示动作,与can一起构成谓语部分,表示能够做的动作或具备的能力。 回答方式 回答通常直接说明动物能够进行的具体动作或具备的能力,结构为It can + 动词原形(+其他成分)。例如: -What can a bird do?(鸟能做什么?) -It can fly in the sky.(它能在天空中飞翔。) -What can a dog do?(狗能做什么?) -It can run fast and help people guard the house.(它能跑得很快,还能帮人们看家。) ●拓展应用 该句型可以用于各种动物能力的讨论,并且可以结合具体情境进行拓展。 - 在描述海豚时 -What can a dolphin do?(海豚能做什么?) -It can swim very fast and jump out of the water. It can also do some amazing tricks in the circus.(它能游得很快,还能跳出水面。它还能在马戏团里表演一些惊人的技巧。) - 在讨论猴子时 -What can a monkey do?(猴子能做什么?) -It can climb trees quickly and pick fruits. It can also imitate people's actions.(它能快速地爬树并采摘水果。它还能模仿人的动作。) 6. 描述对动物的感受: - I like...because they're cute / smart / interesting / funny / huge...(我喜欢……因为它们可爱/聪明/有趣/滑稽/巨大……) - I don't like...because they're dangerous / scary...(我不喜欢……因为它们危险/可怕……) (1)I like...because they're cute / smart / interesting / funny / huge...(我喜欢……因为它们可爱/聪明/有趣/滑稽/巨大……) ●句型结构 表达个人喜好及原因的复合句。I like...为主句,表明自己喜欢的对象,like是谓语动词,意为喜欢,省略号处可填入各类动物名词,如pandas(熊猫)、dogs(狗)、birds(鸟)等。because they're...为原因状语从句,because是引导词,引导原因状语从句,说明喜欢的原因。they're是they are的缩写,they指代前面提到的动物,cute smart interesting funny huge等为形容词,用于描述动物的特点。 ●拓展应用 表达对熊猫的喜爱 I like pandas because they're cute.(我喜欢熊猫,因为它们很可爱。) 表达对海豚的喜爱 I like dolphins because they're smart.(我喜欢海豚,因为它们很聪明。) 表达对猴子的喜爱 I like monkeys because they're funny.(我喜欢猴子,因为它们很滑稽。) (2)I don't like...because they're dangerous / scary...(我不喜欢……因为它们危险/可怕……) ●句型结构 I don't like...为主句,don't like是like的否定形式,表达不喜欢的态度,省略号处填写不喜欢的动物名称。 because they're...依旧是原因状语从句,说明不喜欢的原因,dangerous(危险的)、scary(可怕的)等形容词用于描述动物让人不喜欢的特质。 ●用法 表达对蛇的厌恶 I don't like snakes because they're scary.(我不喜欢蛇,因为它们很可怕。)snakes是不喜欢的动物,scary描绘出蛇给人的可怕感觉,解释了不喜欢蛇的原因。 表达对老虎的不喜欢 I don't like tigers because they're dangerous.(我不喜欢老虎,因为它们很危险。)这里dangerous体现老虎具有危险性,这是不喜欢老虎的原因。 ●拓展应用 除了dangerous和scary,还可以用其他负面形容词描述不喜欢的原因 I don't like cockroaches because they're dirty.(我不喜欢蟑螂,因为它们很脏。) I don't like lions because they're too fierce and may hurt people.(我不喜欢狮子,因为它们太凶猛,可能会伤人。) ★即学即练 1. —你最喜欢的运动是什么?—是足球。 —What's your ______ sport? —It's football. 2. —你为什么喜欢猫?—因为它们很可爱。 —Why do you like ______? —Because they are very cute. 3. —大象来自哪里?—它们来自非洲。 —Where ______ elephants from? —They're from Africa. 4. —它看起来像什么?—它有长长的耳朵和一条短尾巴。 —What does it ______ like? —It has long ears and a short tail. 5. —这只鸟看起来怎么样?—它看起来很漂亮。 —How does the bird ______? —It looks very beautiful. 6. —猴子能做什么?—它能爬树。 —What ______ a monkey do? —It can climb trees. 7. —我喜欢兔子因为它们很有趣。 I like ______ because they're very interesting. 8. —我不喜欢蜘蛛因为它们看起来很吓人。 I don't like ______ because they look scary. 9. —袋鼠通常住在哪里?—它通常住在澳大利亚。 —Where does a ______ usually live? —It usually lives in Australia. 10. —你最喜欢的颜色是什么?—是绿色。 —What's your ______ color? —It's green. 1. 答案:favourite 解析:根据中文提示“你最喜欢的运动是什么”,“最喜欢的”对应的英文单词是“favourite”,用于修饰名词“sport”。 2. 答案:cats 解析:“你为什么喜欢猫”,这里需要填写“猫”的复数形式“cats”,表示喜欢猫这一类动物。 3. 答案:are 解析:“Where are... from?”是询问来源的常用句型,“elephants”是复数,所以be动词用“are”。 4. 答案:look 解析:“What does it look like?”是询问外貌特征的固定句型,“look like”表示“看起来像”,这里用动词原形“look”。 5. 答案:look 解析:“How does... look?”用于询问对事物外观的主观感受,“look”在这里是系动词,意为“看起来”,用原形。 6. 答案:can 解析:“What can... do?”是询问能力的句型,“can”表示“能够”,用于此句询问猴子的能力。 7. 答案:rabbits 解析:“我喜欢兔子因为它们很有趣”,“兔子”要用复数形式“rabbits”,与后面的“they”相对应。 8. 答案:spiders 解析:“我不喜欢蜘蛛因为它们看起来很吓人”,“蜘蛛”用复数“spiders”,与“they”指代一致。 9. 答案:kangaroo 解析:“袋鼠通常住在哪里”,根据“a”可知这里用“kangaroo”的单数形式。 10. 答案:favourite 解析:“你最喜欢的颜色是什么”,“最喜欢的”是“favourite”,修饰“color”。 六、单元重点语法解析 (一)特殊疑问句 以what, why, where 引导的特殊疑问句,用于对特定信息进行提问。 1.特殊疑问词 (1)what:对事物的内容、名称、性质等提问。 What is your favorite animal?(你最喜欢的动物是什么?) (2)who:对人进行提问。 Who is your English teacher?(谁是你的英语老师?) (3)where:对地点进行提问。 Where do you live?(你住在哪里?) (4)when:对时间进行提问。 When is your birthday?(你的生日是什么时候?) (5)why:对原因进行提问。 Why are you late?(你为什么迟到?) (6)how:对方式、程度等进行提问。 How do you go to school?(你怎么去上学?) 2.句子结构 (1)疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序 当谓语动词是实义动词时,需要借助助动词do/does/did等构成疑问句。 What do you like?(你喜欢什么?) Where does he live?(他住在哪里?) When did you come back?(你什么时候回来的?) (2)疑问词 + 陈述句语序 当疑问词在句子中作主语或主语的定语时,句子使用陈述句语序。 Who is standing there?(谁站在那儿?) Which book is yours?(哪本书是你的?) 3.回答方式 (1)回答what引导的特殊疑问句:要具体说明所问事物的内容或性质等。 What's your hobby?(你的爱好是什么?) My hobby is reading.(我的爱好是阅读。) (2)回答who引导的特殊疑问句:要说出具体的人物。 Who is your best friend?(谁是你最好的朋友?) My best friend is Tom.(我最好的朋友是汤姆。) (3)回答where引导的特殊疑问句:要明确指出地点。 Where is the library?(图书馆在哪里?) It's next to the school.(它在学校旁边。) (4)回答when引导的特殊疑问句:要说明具体的时间。 When will you go to Beijing?(你什么时候去北京?) I will go to Beijing next week.(我下周去北京。) (5)回答why引导的特殊疑问句:要用because引导的句子说明原因。 Why do you like music?(你为什么喜欢音乐?) Because it makes me relaxed.(因为它让我放松。) (6)回答how引导的特殊疑问句:要根据具体询问的方式、程度等进行回答。 How do you usually go to work?(你通常怎么去上班?) I usually go to work by bus.(我通常乘公交车去上班。) ★即学即练 一、单项选择 1. —______ does your brother like pandas? —Because they are cute. A. What B. Why C. Where D. How 2. —______ is your favourite subject? —My favourite subject is music. A. When B. Who C. What D. How 3. —______ does the tiger look like? —It's very strong and has sharp teeth. A. What B. How C. Which D. Where 4. —______ are lions from? —They're from Africa. A. What B. Where C. Why D. How 5. —______ can a bird do? —It can fly. A. What B. How C. Why D. Which 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空完成句子 1. What's your ______ (favourite) fruit? 2. Why ______ (do) he like monkeys? 3. Where ______ (be) the pandas from? 4. What does the panda ______ (look) like? 5. How ______ (do) the fish look? 一、单项选择 1. 答案:B 解析:由答语“Because they are cute.”(因为它们很可爱)可知,问句是在询问原因,特殊疑问词“why”用于询问原因,意为“为什么”,所以选B。“what”用于询问事物或动作等;“where”用于询问地点;“how”用于询问方式或程度等,均不符合语境。 2. 答案:C 解析:根据答语“My favourite subject is music.”(我最喜欢的学科是音乐),可知问句是在询问“你最喜欢的学科是什么”,特殊疑问词“what”可用于对事物进行提问,符合语境,所以选C。“when”用于询问时间;“who”用于询问人;“how”用于询问方式或程度等,均不符合题意。 3. 答案:A 解析:“What does... look like?”是固定句型,用于询问人或动物的外貌特征,意为“……看起来像什么”,所以选A。“how”询问方式、程度或对事物的看法等;“which”表示“哪一个”;“where”询问地点,都不符合此句询问外貌的语境。 4. 答案:B 解析:从答语“They're from Africa.”(它们来自非洲)可知,问句是在询问地点,特殊疑问词“where”用于询问地点,意为“在哪里”,所以选B。“what”询问事物或动作等;“why”询问原因;“how”询问方式或程度等,均不符合该句询问地点的要求。 5. 答案:A 解析:由答语“It can fly.”(它能飞)可知,问句是在询问鸟能做什么,特殊疑问词“what”用于对事物、动作等进行提问,在此处询问鸟具备的能力,符合语境,所以选A。“how”询问方式或程度;“why”询问原因;“which”表示“哪一个”,均不符合题意。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空完成句子 1. 答案:favourite 解析:“favourite”本身就是形容词,意为“最喜欢的”,在“What's your favourite fruit?”(你最喜欢的水果是什么?)这个句子中,直接用其原形修饰“fruit”。 2. 答案:does 解析:此句为一般现在时的特殊疑问句,主语“he”是第三人称单数,在一般现在时的特殊疑问句中,当主语是第三人称单数时,需要借助助动词“does”来构成疑问句,所以填“does”。 3. 答案:are 解析:“the pandas”是复数形式,在“Where are... from?”(……来自哪里?)这个句型中,当主语是复数时,be动词要用“are”,所以此处填“are”。 4. 答案:look 解析:“What does... look like?”是询问外貌的句型,前面已经有助动词“does”,后面的实义动词“look”要用原形,所以填“look”。 5. 答案:does 解析:“the fish”在这里表示鱼这类动物,常视为单数,在“How does... look?”(……看起来怎么样?)这个句型中,当主语是单数时,一般现在时的特殊疑问句要借助助动词“does”,所以填“does”。 (二)because引导的原因状语从句 用来回答why开头的疑问句,说明喜欢或不喜欢某种动物的原因。 Why do you like giraffes? Because they're interesting.(你为什么喜欢长颈鹿?因为它们很有趣。) 1.基本结构 (1)because + 陈述句 because是从属连词,引导原因状语从句时,后面接一个完整的陈述句,说明主句动作或情况发生的原因。 I didn't go to school because I was ill.(我没去上学因为我生病了。) (2)主句 + because从句 从句可以位于主句之后,这种语序较为常见,主句表达结果,because从句解释原因。 He was late for work because he missed the bus.(他上班迟到了,因为他错过了公交车。) (3)because从句 + 主句 从句也可以位于主句之前,此时通常用逗号将从句和主句隔开。 Because it was raining heavily, we didn't go to the park.(因为雨下得很大,我们没去公园。) 2.用法 (1)回答why的提问 在回答由why引导的特殊疑问句时,通常用because引导的从句来回答。 Why are you so happy?(你为什么这么开心?) Because I got a good grade in the exam.(因为我在考试中取得了好成绩。) (2)辨析 ●because & because of because是连词,后接句子 because of是介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词等。 He didn't come to school because he was ill.(他没来上学因为他病了。) He didn't come to school because of his illness.(他因为生病没来上学。) ●because & since/as because语气最强,强调直接原因,回答why的问句 since和as语气较弱,通常表示已知的、显然的原因,常译为既然由于 Because it is raining, we have to stay at home.(因为下雨,我们不得不待在家里。) Since/As everyone is here, let's start the meeting.(既然大家都到了,我们开始开会吧。) ●不能与so连用 在英语中,because和so不能同时出现在一个句子中,因为它们表达的逻辑关系重复。 (3)强调结构中的运用 在强调原因状语从句时,可以使用It is/was because...的结构。 It was because he studied hard that he passed the exam.(正是因为他学习努力,他才通过了考试。) ★即学即练 一、单项选择 1. I like reading books ______ they can give me a lot of knowledge. A. so B. because C. but D. and 2. He didn't go to school ______ he was ill. A. because B. if C. although D. until 3. My sister is happy ______ she gets a new dress. A. because B. when C. while D. before 4. We can't play football outside ______ it is raining heavily. A. so B. because of C. because D. although 5. Tom studies hard ______ he wants to get good grades. A. because B. so that C. in order to D. as soon as 二、用because完成句子 1. I like the city ____________________ (因为它很漂亮). 2. She was late for school ____________________ (因为她起床晚了). 3. They are very tired ____________________ (因为他们走了很长的路). 4. The boy is crying ____________________ (因为他找不到他的妈妈). 5. We like music ____________________ (因为它能让我们放松). 三、句型转换 1. I like dogs. They are friendly. (用because合并为一句) 2. He can't come to the party. He has too much work to do. (用because合并为一句) 3. The little girl is afraid of snakes. They look scary. (用because合并为一句) 一、单项选择 1. 答案:B 解析:“I like reading books”(我喜欢读书)和“they can give me a lot of knowledge”(它们能给我很多知识)之间是因果关系,后者是前者的原因,所以用because引导原因状语从句,选B。so表示“所以”,表结果;but表示“但是”,表转折;and表示“和”,表并列,均不符合。 2. 答案:A 解析:“He didn't go to school”(他没去上学)是结果,“he was ill”(他生病了)是原因,because引导原因状语从句,解释没去上学的原因,选A。if表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句;although表示“虽然”,引导让步状语从句;until表示“直到”,引导时间状语从句,均不符合题意。 3. 答案:A 解析:“My sister is happy”(我妹妹很高兴)是结果,“she gets a new dress”(她得到了一条新裙子)是原因,because引导原因状语从句,说明高兴的原因,选A。when和while都表示“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句;before表示“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句,均不符合语境。 4. 答案:C 解析:“We can't play football outside”(我们不能在外面踢足球)是结果,“it is raining heavily”(雨下得很大)是原因,because引导原因状语从句,选C。so表示结果;because of后接名词、代词或动名词等,不能接句子;although表示“虽然”,引导让步状语从句,不符合题意。 5. 答案:A 解析:“Tom studies hard”(汤姆学习很努力)是结果,“he wants to get good grades”(他想取得好成绩)是原因,because引导原因状语从句,解释努力学习的原因,选A。so that引导目的状语从句,意为“以便”;in order to后接动词原形,表目的;as soon as表示“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句,均不符合。 二、用because完成句子 1. 答案:because it is very beautiful 解析:“因为”用because,“它很漂亮”翻译为it is very beautiful,构成because引导的原因状语从句。 2. 答案:because she got up late 解析:“因为”是because,“她起床晚了”,动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,翻译为she got up late。 3. 答案:because they walked a long way 解析:“因为”用because,“他们走了很长的路”,动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,翻译为they walked a long way。 4. 答案:because he can't find his mother 解析:“因为”是because,“他找不到他的妈妈”,用一般现在时,翻译为he can't find his mother。 5. 答案:because it can make us relax 解析:“因为”用because,“它能让我们放松”,“make sb. do sth.”表示“让某人做某事”,翻译为it can make us relax。 三、句型转换 1. 答案:I like dogs because they are friendly. 解析:将两个句子用because合并,前一句是结果,后一句是原因,所以把because放在后一句前,连接两个句子。 2. 答案:He can't come to the party because he has too much work to do. 解析:同样,前句是结果,后句是原因,用because连接,把because放在表示原因的句子前。 3. 答案:The little girl is afraid of snakes because they look scary. 解析:前句是结果,后句是原因,用because连接,将because置于原因句之前。 (三)名词复数形式: 名词的复数用于表示两个或两个以上的人、事物、地点等。 情况 变化 示例 一般情况 词尾直接加-s book-books(书) cat-cats(猫) pen-pens(钢笔) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾 词尾加-es bus-buses(公共汽车) box-boxes(盒子) brush-brushes(刷子) watch-watches(手表) 以辅音字母+y结尾 将y变为i,再加-es city-cities(城市) baby-babies(婴儿) family-families(家庭) 以o结尾 有些加-es,有些加-s,需要特殊记忆 tomato-tomatoes(西红柿) potato-potatoes(土豆) hero-heroes(英雄) photo-photos(照片) piano-pianos(钢琴) zoo-zoos(动物园) 不规则变化 改变内部元音字母 man(男人)→men woman(女人)→women foot(脚)→feet tooth(牙齿)→teeth mouse(老鼠)→mice 词尾发生变化 child(孩子)→children ox(公牛)→oxen 单复数同形 sheep(绵羊) deer(鹿) fish(鱼)(当表示不同种类的鱼时也可加-es变为fishes) Chinese(中国人) Japanese(日本人) 复合名词的复数 在主体名词后加-s或-es son-in-law(女婿)→sons-in-law passer-by(路人)→passers-by looker-on(旁观者)→lookers-on 无主体名词时在词尾加-s或-es grown-up(成年人)→grown-ups go-between(中间人)→go-betweens ★即学即练 一、单项选择题 1. There are many ______ in the zoo. A. monkey B. monkeys C. monkeyes D. monkeies 2. I have two ______. A. box B. boxs C. boxes D. boxies 3. These ______ are very delicious. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. tomatoe 4. There are some ______ on the table. A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knifees 5. The ______ in the yard are eating grass. A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes D. sheep's 二、用所给名词的复数形式填空 1. There are five ______ (child) playing in the park. 2. These ______ (goose) are swimming in the river. 3. I can see many ______ (fish) in the lake. 4. The ______ (man) over there are my teachers. 5. We have different kinds of ______ (watch). 三、句型转换 1. This is a leaf. (改为复数句) __________________________________ 2. That is a potato. (改为复数句) __________________________________ 3. He has a box. (改为复数句) __________________________________ 一、单项选择题 1. 答案:B 解析:many修饰可数名词复数,monkey的复数形式是直接加 -s,即monkeys,所以选B。 2. 答案:C 解析:box是以 -x结尾的名词,其复数形式要在词尾加 -es,变为boxes,故选C。 3. 答案:C 解析:tomato是可数名词,且以 -o结尾,有生命,其复数形式加 -es,即tomatoes,所以选C。 4. 答案:C 解析:knife是以 -fe结尾的名词,变复数时要把 -fe变为 -ves,所以knife的复数是knives,选C。 5. 答案:A 解析:sheep是单复数同形的名词,根据句中are可知要用复数形式,还是sheep,故选A。 二、用所给名词的复数形式填空 1. 答案:children 解析:child的复数形式是不规则变化,为children。 2. 答案:geese 解析:goose的复数形式是不规则变化,为geese。 3. 答案:fish 解析:fish表示“鱼”时,单复数同形,这里many fish表示“很多条鱼”。 4. 答案:men 解析:man的复数形式是不规则变化,为men。 5. 答案:watches 解析:watch是以 -ch结尾的名词,变复数时在词尾加 -es,所以是watches。 三、句型转换 1. 答案:These are leaves. 解析:this的复数是these,is的复数是are,leaf的复数是leaves,故改为These are leaves. 2. 答案:Those are potatoes. 解析:that的复数是those,is的复数是are,potato的复数是potatoes,所以改为Those are potatoes. 3. 答案:They have boxes. 解析:he的复数是they,has的复数形式是have,a box的复数是boxes,因此改为They have boxes. (四)be动词的用法 1.be动词的形式 原形 be 一般现在时 am、is、are 一般过去时 was、were 现在分词形式 being 过去分词形式 been 2. 不同时态中的用法 时态 Be动词 用法 示例 一般现在时 am 与第一人称单数I连用 I am a student.(我是一名学生。) is 第三人称单数(he、she、it)以及可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语 He is my brother.(他是我哥哥。)The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣。) are 第二人称单数和复数(you)以及第一、三人称复数(we、they)作主语 You are my good friends.(你们是我的好朋友。) They are in the park.(他们在公园里。) 一般过去时 was am和is的过去式,用于第一、三人称单数(I、he、she、it)作主语 I was at home yesterday.(我昨天在家。) She was happy last weekend.(她上周末很开心。) were are的过去式,用于第二人称单数和复数(you)以及第一、三人称复数(we、they)作主语 You were late for school this morning.(你今天早上上学迟到了。) We were in the library last Monday.(我们上周一在图书馆。) 现在进行时 be + 现在分词 表示正在进行的动作 They are playing football.(他们正在踢足球。) I am reading a book.(我正在读书。) (五) 情态动词can的用法 1.基本用法 (1)表示能力 强调主语具有做某事的能力或技能,相当于能够会。用于描述人或物在体力、智力、技能等方面所具备的能力。 She can dance very well.(她跳舞跳得很好。) He can solve this math problem.(他能解决这道数学题。) (2)表示可能性:指某事在客观上有发生的可能性,可理解为可能也许。 It can be windy in spring.(春天可能会有风。) This kind of flower can bloom all year round.(这种花可能全年都开花。) (3)表示允许:用于请求允许或许可别人做某事,意为可以。在口语中较为常用,语气比may更随意。 Can I use your pen?(我可以用你的钢笔吗?) You can watch TV after you finish your homework.(你完成作业后可以看电视。) ★即学即练 一、单项选择 1. —______ you able to play basketball well? —Yes, I ______. A. Are; am B. Can; can C. Do; do D. Is; is 2. My sister ______ sing English songs very well. A. can B. is C. are D. be 3. There ______ a book and two pens on the desk. A. can B. is C. are D. be 4. —______ I use your eraser? —Sure. Here you are. A. Am B. Is C. Can D. Are 5. The students ______ not at school yesterday. A. can B. was C. were D. are 6. —What ______ your father do? —He can drive a car. A. do B. does C. can D. is 7. ______ it possible to finish the work in two days? A. Can B. Is C. Are D. Do 8. These flowers ______ very beautiful. A. can B. is C. are D. be 9. I ______ swim when I was five years old. A. can B. could C. am D. was 10. —______ there any milk in the fridge? —No, there ______. A. Is; isn't B. Are; aren't C. Can; can't D. Do; don't 二、用be动词(am/is/are)或can的适当形式填空 1. She ______ a good student. She ______ always get good grades. 2. ______ you help me with my homework? 3. There ______ some water in the bottle. 4. I ______ not sure if he will come. 5. They ______ able to play football now. 三、句型转换 1. I can ride a bike. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) 2. There is a dog under the tree. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) 3. He is good at math. (用can改写句子) 一、单项选择 1. 答案:A 解析:“be able to”表示“能够”,主语是you,be动词用are;其一般疑问句的肯定回答是“Yes, I am.”,所以选A。can后直接接动词原形,不接able to,B错误;C选项do提问与be able to结构不符;D选项is不能与you搭配。 2. 答案:A 解析:句中已有动词sing,不能再用be动词,排除B、C、D选项。can是情态动词,后接动词原形,意为“能够”,在此处表示“我妹妹能把英文歌唱得很好”,选A。 3. 答案:B 解析:“there be”句型遵循就近原则,离be动词最近的名词a book是单数,所以be动词用is,选B。can不能用于此结构表示“有”,排除A;C选项are用于复数名词前;D选项be是原形,不能直接用在此处。 4. 答案:C 解析:根据答语“Sure. Here you are.”可知,问句是在请求许可,用can表示“可以”,选C。am、is、are是be动词,不能用于此语境表达请求。 5. 答案:C 解析:由yesterday可知句子是一般过去时,主语The students是复数,be动词的过去式要用were,选C。can不能表示“是”的意思;B选项was用于单数主语;D选项are是一般现在时。 6. 答案:C 解析:根据答语“He can drive a car.”可知,问句是询问能力,用can,选C。A和B选项的do和does用于对实义动词的提问,这里问的是能力,不合适;D选项is后面不能接动词原形do。 7. 答案:B 解析:“be possible to do sth.”表示“做某事是可能的”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是to finish the work in two days,be动词用is,选B。can不能用于此结构表达“可能”,排除A;C选项are与it不搭配;D选项do不能用于此结构。 8. 答案:C 解析:句子主语These flowers是复数,be动词用are,选C。can不能表示“是”的意思;B选项is用于单数主语;D选项be是原形,不能直接用在此处。 9. 答案:B 解析:由when I was five years old可知句子是一般过去时,can的过去式是could,选B。A选项can是原形,用于一般现在时;C选项am表示“是”,与语境不符;D选项was后面不能接动词原形swim。 10. 答案:A 解析:milk是不可数名词,“there be”句型中be动词用is,其一般疑问句的否定回答是“No, there isn't.”,选A。B选项are用于复数名词前;C选项can不能用于此结构表示“有”;D选项do不能用于此结构。 二、用be动词(am/is/are)或can的适当形式填空 1. 答案:is; can 解析:第一空主语She是第三人称单数,be动词用is;第二空表示能力,用can,意为“她能总是取得好成绩”。 2. 答案:Can 解析:此句是请求对方帮忙,用Can表示“可以”,句首首字母大写。 3. 答案:is 解析:water是不可数名词,“there be”句型中be动词用is。 4. 答案:am 解析:主语I与be动词am搭配,“I am not sure...”表示“我不确定……”。 5. 答案:are 解析:“be able to”表示“能够”,主语They是复数,be动词用are。 三、句型转换 1. 答案:Can you ride a bike? Yes, I can. 解析:将含有can的句子改为一般疑问句,把can提到句首,第一人称I改为第二人称you;肯定回答是“Yes, 主语 + can.”。 2. 答案:Is there a dog under the tree? No, there isn't. 解析:“there be”句型的一般疑问句是把be动词提到句首,否定回答是“No, there + be动词的否定形式.”,is的否定形式是isn't。 3. 答案:He can do well in math. 解析:“be good at” = “do well in”,原句是一般现在时,用can改写后,can后接动词原形do。 七、综合练习 (一)单项选择 1.What's your ______ animal? A. favourite B. like C. love 2.Why do you like pandas? ______ they're cute. A. So B. Because C. And 3.Where ______ lions from? A. am B. is C. are 4.I don't like tigers ______ they're scary. A. but B. because C. or 5.The giraffe has a very long ______. A. neck B. nose C. ear 6.How many ______ are there in the zoo? A. wolf B. wolfs C. wolves 7.Can a penguin ______ fast? A. swim B. swims C. swimming 8.We should ______ the animals in danger. A. care about B. care of C. take care (二)用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.There are many ______ (fox) in the forest. 2.I like ______ (monkey) because they are clever. 3.The ______ (wolf) are very dangerous. 4.These ______ (giraffe) have long necks. 5.She doesn't like ______ (snake) at all. (三)根据汉语提示完成句子 1.你最喜欢的动物是什么? What's your ______ ______? 2.大象来自哪里? Where ______ ______ from? 3.我喜欢熊猫因为它们很可爱。 I like pandas ______ they are very ______. 4.我们应该照顾好动物。 We should ______ ______ ______ the animals well. 5.鲨鱼看起来很吓人。 ______ look very ______. (四)句型转换 1.I like lions because they're strong. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ you like lions? 2.The penguins are from Antarctica. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the penguins from? 3.He likes monkeys. (改为否定句) He ______ ______ monkeys. (一)单项选择 1. 答案:A 解析:“What's your...animal?” 此句型询问“你最喜欢的动物是什么”,“favourite”意为“最喜欢的”,是形容词,可修饰名词“animal”;“like”和“love”是动词,“喜欢”的意思,在此处语法结构不符,所以选A。 2. 答案:B 解析:“Why do you like...?” 询问原因,回答用“Because...”,表示“因为……”。“So”表示“所以”,表结果;“And”表示“和”,表并列,均不符合语境,所以选B。 3. 答案:C 解析:“Where are...from?” 是询问“……来自哪里”的常用句型,“lions”是复数形式,be动词要用“are”。“am”与“I”搭配;“is”用于单数名词或第三人称单数主语,所以选C。 4. 答案:B 解析:“I don't like tigers”(我不喜欢老虎)和“they're scary”(它们很吓人)是因果关系,“because”引导原因状语从句,说明不喜欢老虎的原因。“but”表转折;“or”表选择,均不符合,所以选B。 5. 答案:A 解析:根据常识,长颈鹿有很长的脖子,“neck”意为“脖子”;“nose”是“鼻子”;“ear”是“耳朵”,所以选A。 6. 答案:C 解析:“How many + 可数名词复数”询问数量,“wolf”的复数形式是“wolves”,所以选C。 7. 答案:A 解析:“Can + 主语 + 动词原形 +...?” 是含有情态动词“can”的一般疑问句结构,“can”后接动词原形,所以选A。 8. 答案:A 解析:“care about”意为“关心;照顾”,符合“我们应该关心处于危险中的动物”的语境;“care of”通常用于“take care of”结构,表示“照顾”;“take care”意为“小心”,所以选A。 (二)用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. 答案:foxes 解析:“many”修饰可数名词复数,“fox”的复数形式是在词尾加“es”,即“foxes”。 2. 答案:monkeys 解析:“like”表示喜欢某类事物时,常用复数形式表示一类,“monkey”的复数是“monkeys”。 3. 答案:wolves 解析:根据“are”可知主语是复数,“wolf”的复数是“wolves”。 4. 答案:giraffes 解析:“These”(这些)修饰可数名词复数,“giraffe”的复数形式是“giraffes”。 5. 答案:snakes 解析:“like”后接可数名词复数表示喜欢一类事物,“snake”的复数是“snakes”。 (三)根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 答案:favourite animal 解析:“最喜欢的”是“favourite”,“动物”是“animal”,所以是“favourite animal”。 2. 答案:are elephants 解析:“Where are...from?” 询问“……来自哪里”,“大象”是“elephant”,这里用复数形式“elephants”,所以是“are elephants”。 3. 答案:because; cute 解析:“因为”是“because”,“可爱的”是“cute”,所以是“because; cute”。 4. 答案:take care of 解析:“照顾”是“take care of”,所以是“take care of”。 5. 答案:Sharks; scary 解析:“鲨鱼”是“shark”,这里用复数形式“Sharks”表一类,句首大写;“吓人的”是“scary”,所以是“Sharks; scary”。 (四)句型转换 1. 答案:Why do 解析:对“because they're strong”(因为它们很强壮)提问,即询问原因,用“Why do + 主语 + 动词原形 +...?” 结构,所以是“Why do”。 2. 答案:Where are 解析:对“from Antarctica”(来自南极洲)提问,即询问地点,用“Where are + 主语 + from?” 结构,所以是“Where are”。 3. 答案:doesn't like 解析:一般现在时的否定句,主语“He”是第三人称单数,借助助动词“doesn't”,动词“likes”还原为“like”,所以是“doesn't like”。 9 / 16 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Animal Friends 单元核心知识点精讲精练 【主要内容】 · 本资料包含单元重点词汇(包括重点的小学词汇)、语音知识、重要句型和语法讲解,以及其他单元重要知识点。 · 本资料含随学随练和综合练习题,并附带答案与解析。 · 本单元内容思维导图: 一、单元语音音标学习 (一)元音音标 1. /eɪ/ ●发音特征 口型变化:发音时,由第一个音素/e/向第二个音素/ɪ/滑动。开始时,双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平形,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起;然后双唇逐渐收圆,舌位也随之稍稍抬高。 发音时长:/eɪ/是一个长音,发音时要保持足够的时长,完整地发出从/e/到/ɪ/的滑动过程。 发音感觉:发音过程中,口腔肌肉有一定的紧张度,且有明显的由/e/向/ɪ/的滑动感,不能只发出其中一个音素的音。 ●发音规则 常见字母组合 单词 a name [neɪm] (名字) plane [pleɪn] (飞机) lake [leɪk] (湖泊) ai rain [reɪn] (雨) train [treɪn] (火车) pain [peɪn] (疼痛) ay day [deɪ] (天) way [weɪ] (路) play [pleɪ] (玩) ●读一读 eight(八) great(伟大的) wait(等待) say(说) bay(海湾) make a cake(做一个蛋糕) take a train(乘火车) play games(玩游戏) They say it's a great day to play outside.(他们说这是一个出去玩的好日子。) ●记一记 (1)谐音记忆法 /eɪ/的发音有点类似于汉字“欸”的读音,可以通过这种谐音来帮助记忆,但要注意英语发音与汉字读音在发音方式和口型上还是有一定区别的,不能完全等同。 (2)单词联想记忆法 将音标/eɪ/与一些常见且容易记忆的单词联系起来。比如“cake”,可以想象一块美味的蛋糕,一边想着蛋糕的样子,一边反复念“cake”这个单词,强化对/eɪ/发音的记忆。 (3)口型夸张记忆法 在练习发音时,将口型的变化夸张化,充分展示从/e/到/ɪ/的滑动过程,这样能更深刻地感受发音时口腔的变化,从而更好地记住这个音标的发音。 2. /æ/ ●发音特点 口型:双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平形,开口程度较大,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起,但低于发/e/时的舌位。 发音方式:气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,直接从口腔中呼出,声带振动。发音时要短促而有力。 ●常见发音规则 常见字母组合 单词 a cat/kæt/(猫) hat/hæt/(帽子) map/mæp/(地图) bad/bæd/(坏的) fan/fæn/(风扇) ●读一读 apple(苹果) ant(蚂蚁) dad(爸爸) Pat has a fat cat. The cat is black and has a big hat. ●记一记 (1)口型记忆法 可以想象自己在张大嘴巴惊讶地说“啊”,但要注意将双唇向两旁平伸,保持扁平的口型,这样有助于记住/æ/的发音口型。 (2)单词联想记忆法 将/æ/与一些形象的单词联系起来记忆。比如“cat”(猫),可以想象一只可爱的小猫,一边想着小猫的样子,一边反复念“cat”这个单词,强化对/æ/发音的记忆。 (3)对比记忆法 将/æ/与发音相近的音标进行对比记忆,如/eɪ/和/e/。对比“cat”(/kæt/)、“cake”(/keɪk/)和“bed”(/bed/)的发音,感受/æ/与/eɪ/、/e/的区别,从而更准确地记忆/æ/的发音。 3. /ɔː/ ●发音特点 口型:双唇收得又圆又小,并向前突出,舌身往后缩,口腔肌肉处于紧张状态。 发音方式:气流从肺部呼出,通过口腔时不受阻碍,声带振动,发音时要保持足够的时长,声音比较响亮、饱满。 ●发音规则与示例 常见字母组合 单词 o dog /dɔːɡ/(狗) not /nɔːt/(不) al all /ɔːl/(所有的) ball /bɔːl/(球) call /kɔːl/(呼叫) fall/fɔːl/(落下) wall/wɔːl/(墙) au autumn/ˈɔːtəm/(秋天) August/ˈɔːɡəst/(八月) author /ˈɔːθə(r)/(作者) aw law/lɔː/(法律) saw /sɔː/(看见;see的过去式) raw/rɔː/(生的) draw /drɔː/(画) ou ought /ɔːt/(应该) bought /bɔːt/(买;buy的过去式和过去分词) thought /θɔːt/(想;think的过去式和过去分词) ●读一读 fork(/fɔːk/)叉子 horse(/hɔːs/)马 store(/stɔː(r)/)商店 The horse is running on the grass. I bought a fork in the store. ●记一记 (1)口型夸张记忆法 练习发音时,将双唇收圆、突出的动作做得夸张一些,体会口腔肌肉的紧张感,强化对/ɔː/发音口型的记忆。比如模仿吹口哨前的准备动作,保持住这个口型来发音。 (2)单词形象记忆法 把/ɔː/与一些有具体形象的单词联系起来。例如ball(球),可以想象一个大大的圆球,一边想象球的样子,一边反复念ball,加深对/ɔː/发音的记忆。 (3)对比记忆法 将/ɔː/与发音相近的音标进行对比。比如/ɔː/和/ɒ/,/ɔː/是长元音,发音较长且饱满,/ɒ/是短元音,发音较短促。对比dog(英式发音/dɒɡ/,美式发音/dɔːɡ/)的不同发音,感受它们的区别,从而更准确地记忆/ɔː/的发音。 (二)名词复数形式发音规则: 情况 示例 清辅音后发音为/s/ books/bʊks/ cats/kæts/ maps/mæps/ 浊辅音和元音后发音为/z/ dogs /dɒɡz/(英式发音)或/dɔːɡz/(美式发音) birds/bɜːdz/ boys/bɔɪz/ /s/、/z/、/ʃ/、/tʃ/、/dʒ/等音后发音为/ɪz/ buses/ˈbʌsɪz/ boxes /ˈbɒksɪz/(英式发音)或/ˈbɔːksɪz/(美式发音) watches/ˈwɒtʃɪz/(英式发音)或/ˈwɔːtʃɪz/(美式发音) 不规则变化 man-men(男人) woman-women(女人) child-children(孩子) tooth-teeth(牙齿) mouse-mice(老鼠) (三)弱读音节 弱读音节是指在单词或句子中发音时弱化、音量较小、发音时间较短且发音不太清晰的音节。通常元音会发生弱化,变成更短、更模糊的音,常见的是弱化为/ə/或/ɪ/等。例如,在单词about中,a发/ə/音;在begin中,第二个音节gin中的i发/ɪ/音。 常见的弱读音节形式: 情况 示例 元音弱化 /æ/弱化为/ə/或/ɪ/ family中a在弱读时可发/ə/音 practical中a有时会弱读成/ɪ/音 /eɪ/弱化为/e/或/ə/ breakfast中ea弱化为/e/音 celebrate中e在弱读时可发/ə/音 /ɪə/弱化为/ə/ idea中ea常弱读成/ə/音 辅音弱化 单词of,在弱读时/f/音可能会弱化甚至几乎不发音,听起来像/əv/或/v/ 学习在对话中如何注意非重读音节的发音,如 Let's go and see the monkeys. They're my favorite animals. 中 Let's and the They're 等词的弱读。 二、单元重点单词清单 fox(狐狸) giraffe(长颈鹿) eagle(鹰) wolf(狼,复数wolves) penguin(企鹅) care(照顾,护理) danger(危险) save(救,储蓄) luck(运气) Thai(泰国的,泰国人的) trunk(象鼻) pick(捡,摘) carry(拿,提) playful(爱嬉戏的,爱玩的) swimmer(游泳者) forest(森林) ivory(象牙) friendly(友好的) scary(吓人的,恐怖的) neck(脖子) guess(猜测,估计) shark(鲨鱼) whale(鲸) hearing(听力,听觉) 三、单元重点短语清单 care about(关心,在意) take care of(=look after)(照顾,照料) be back(回来) in danger(处于危险之中) out of danger(脱离危险) pick up(拿起,举起) be friendly to(对……友好) be friendly with(与……很要好) quite a(相当不错) not at all(一点也不,完全不) play with(和……玩) one another(互相) 四、单词及短语详解 1.fox ●词性及词义 (1)名词: 狐狸 A fox is a clever animal.(狐狸是一种聪明的动物。) 狐皮 The coat is made of fox.(这件外套是用狐皮做的。) 狡猾的人 He is a fox.(他是个狡猾的人。) (2)动词 欺骗;迷惑;使困惑。 He tried to fox me, but I wasn't fooled.(他试图欺骗我,但我没有上当。) ●复数形式 foxes,读音为英 [ˈfɒksɪz];美 [ˈfɑːksɪz]。 ●常见短语 (1)fox out 意为使(某人)暴露发现(某人)的错误或秘密。 The detective managed to fox out the truth.(侦探设法查明了真相。) (2)play fox 表示耍滑头;装假。 Don't play fox with me. I know you're lying.(别跟我耍滑头。我知道你在撒谎。) (3)as cunning as a fox 像狐狸一样狡猾。 The thief was as cunning as a fox.(这个小偷像狐狸一样狡猾。) ●用法示例 (1)作主语:The fox jumped over the fence.(狐狸跳过了篱笆。) (2)作宾语:He saw a fox in the forest.(他在森林里看到了一只狐狸。) (3)作定语:The fox tail is very beautiful.(狐狸的尾巴非常漂亮。) 2.giraffe ●词性及词义 名词:长颈鹿 A giraffe has a very long neck.(长颈鹿的脖子很长。) ●常见短语 (1)a herd of giraffes:一群长颈鹿 We saw a herd of giraffes in the zoo.(我们在动物园里看到了一群长颈鹿。) (2)tall giraffe:高个子长颈鹿 The tall giraffe is eating leaves.(那只高个子长颈鹿正在吃树叶。) ●用法示例 (1)作主语:Giraffes are very gentle animals.(长颈鹿是非常温顺的动物。) (2)作宾语:I like giraffes because they are so special.(我喜欢长颈鹿,因为它们很特别。) (3)作定语:The giraffe's legs are very long.(长颈鹿的腿很长。)在这个句子中,使用了名词所有格giraffe's来表示所属关系。 3.eagle ●词性及词义 名词:鹰 An eagle is flying high in the sky.(一只鹰在天空中高高飞翔。) ●常见短语 bald eagle:白头鹰(美国的象征) The bald eagle is the national bird of the United States.(白头鹰是美国的国鸟。) eagle eye:鹰眼;敏锐的目光 The detective has an eagle eye for details.(这位侦探对细节有敏锐的目光。) eagle's nest:鹰巢 The climbers found an eagle's nest on the cliff.(登山者在悬崖上发现了一个鹰巢。) ●用法示例 作主语:Eagles are known for their sharp eyesight.(鹰以其敏锐的视力而闻名。) 作宾语:We saw eagles soaring in the mountains.(我们看到鹰在山中翱翔。) 作定语:The eagle feathers are very beautiful.(鹰的羽毛非常漂亮。) 4.wolf ●词性及词义 名词: - 狼。例如:A wolf is a fierce animal.(狼是一种凶猛的动物。) - 残忍凶狠的人;贪婪的人。如:He is a wolf in sheep's clothing.(他是个貌善心恶的人。) - 色狼;色鬼。例如:She realized that the man was a wolf.(她意识到那个男人是个色狼。) 动词: - 大口地快吃;狼吞虎咽。例如:He wolfed down his dinner.(他狼吞虎咽地吃完了晚餐。) ●常见短语 the big bad wolf:大坏狼;坏蛋;令人恐怖的人或物 The children were scared of the big bad wolf in the story.(孩子们害怕故事里的大坏狼。) cry wolf:发假警报;谎报军情 If you cry wolf too often, people won't believe you when there is a real danger.(如果你经常谎报军情,当真正有危险时人们就不会相信你了。) wolf in sheep's clothing:貌善心恶的人;披着羊皮的狼 Be careful of that man. He's a wolf in sheep's clothing.(小心那个人。他是个披着羊皮的狼。) ●用法示例 作主语:Wolves hunt in packs.(狼成群猎食。) 作宾语:The hunter killed a wolf.(猎人打死了一只狼。) 作定语:The wolf cub was very cute.(狼崽非常可爱。) ★即学即练 1. In the story, the clever ____ tricked the other animals. A. wolf B. eagle C. giraffe D. fox 2. The ____ has sharp eyesight and can spot small animals from far away. A. wolf B. eagle C. giraffe D. fox 3. If you go to the grassland, you might see a group of ____ running together. A. wolf B. eagle C. giraffe D. fox 5.care ●词性及词义 动词: - 在意;担忧;关心。 He doesn't care about his grades.(他不在乎自己的成绩。) - 照顾;照料。 She cares for her sick mother every day.(她每天照顾生病的母亲。) - 喜欢;想要。 Would you care for a cup of tea?(你想喝杯茶吗?) 名词: - 照顾;照料。 The old man needs good care.(这位老人需要很好的照顾。) - 小心;谨慎。 Take care when you cross the street.(过马路时要小心。) - 忧虑;烦恼。 He has a lot of cares in his life.(他生活中有很多烦恼。) ●常见短语 (1)care about:关心;在意 We should care about the environment.(我们应该关心环境。) (2)care for:照顾;喜欢;想要 She cared for the orphan like her own child.(她像照顾自己的孩子一样照顾这个孤儿。) (3)take care:小心;保重 Take care! The road is slippery.(小心!路很滑。) (4)take care of:照顾;照料;负责处理 He takes care of his younger sister when his parents are away.(他父母不在时,他照顾他的妹妹。) ●词形变化 形容词:careful(小心的;仔细的);careless(粗心的;大意的)。 副词:carefully(小心地;仔细地);carelessly(粗心地;大意地)。 ●用法示例 (1)作动词: - She cares deeply about her friends.(她非常关心她的朋友。) - I don't care what he says.(我不在乎他说什么。) - He cares for music very much.(他非常喜欢音乐。) (2)作名词: - The patient received good care in the hospital.(病人在医院得到了很好的照顾。) - With great care, he fixed the broken vase.(他非常小心地修复了破碎的花瓶。) - His cares made him look much older.(他的忧虑使他看起来老了很多。) ★即学即练 1. You should be more ______ when you do your homework, or you will make many mistakes. A. careful B. careless C. carefully D. carelessly 2. My mother is ill. I have to ______ her at home. A. care about B. care for C. take care D. take care of 6.danger ●词性及词义 名词: 危险:指可能导致伤害、损失或不良后果的情况或状态。例如:The boy is in danger.(这个男孩处于危险之中。) 危险物;威胁:可以指具体的对人或事物构成危险的东西或人。例如:Snakes are a danger in the jungle.(在丛林中,蛇是一种危险物。) ●常见短语 in danger:处于危险中 The wild animals are in danger because of the loss of their habitats.(由于栖息地的丧失,野生动物处于危险之中。) out of danger:脱离危险 After the operation, the patient is out of danger.(手术后,病人脱离了危险。) danger zone:危险区域 Don't enter the danger zone.(不要进入危险区域。) pose a danger to:对……构成威胁 The polluted water poses a danger to people's health.(被污染的水对人们的健康构成威胁。) ●词形变化 形容词:dangerous,意为危险的。 It's dangerous to play football on the road.(在路上踢足球是危险的。) 副词:dangerously,意为危险地。 The car is driving dangerously fast.(这辆车开得很快,很危险。) ●用法示例 作主语:Danger is everywhere in the war zone.(战区到处都有危险。) 作宾语:We should avoid danger.(我们应该避免危险。) 作表语:The situation is full of danger.(这种情况充满了危险。) ★即学即练 1. It's ______ to swim in the river without an adult. A. danger B. dangerous C. dangerously D. out of danger 2. Tigers are ______ because people hunt them for their fur and bones. A. in danger B. out of danger C. a danger D. danger zone 7.luck ●词性及词义 名词: 运气:指一种非人力所能控制的机遇或命运的力量,可好可坏。 I had good luck in the exam.(我在考试中运气好。) 好运;幸运:强调有利的机遇或好的结果。 Wish you good luck!(祝你好运!) 厄运;倒霉:有时也可表示不好的运气。 He had bad luck recently.(他最近运气不好。) ●常见短语 good luck:好运;祝你好运。用于祝愿他人在某事上取得好的结果。 Good luck with your new job.(祝你新工作顺利。) bad luck:坏运气;倒霉。 Bad luck! I missed the bus.(真倒霉!我错过了公交车。) luck out:运气好;侥幸成功。 We lucked out and got the last two tickets.(我们运气好,买到了最后两张票。) try one's luck:碰碰运气。 He decided to try his luck in the lottery.(他决定碰碰运气买彩票。) ●词形变化 形容词:lucky,意为幸运的;有好运的。 She is a lucky girl.(她是个幸运的女孩。) 副词:luckily,意为幸运地;幸好。 Luckily, I found my keys under the sofa.(幸运的是,我在沙发底下找到了我的钥匙。) ●用法示例 作主语:Luck is sometimes important in winning the game.(运气在赢得比赛中有时很重要。) 作宾语:He always believes in luck.(他总是相信运气。) 作表语:Meeting you here is really luck.(在这里遇见你真的很幸运。)通常在这种表达中用lucky更常见,但口语中也会有luck这种表述。 ★即学即练 1. ______, I didn't miss the train although I got up late this morning. A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily D. Bad luck 2. I'm going to ______ and see if I can win the prize. A. try my luck B. have good luck C. luck out D. have bad luck 8. carry ●词性及词义 动词: 携带;拿着;抱着:表示用手、胳膊等身体部位搬运或持有某物。 He carried a heavy bag on his back.(他背着一个沉重的包。) 运送;运输:指通过交通工具等将人或物从一个地方送到另一个地方。 The truck carries goods from the factory to the store.(卡车把货物从工厂运到商店。) 传送;传播:用于描述声音、信息、疾病等的传递。 The wind carried the sound of the bell.(风传送着钟声。) 支撑;承载:指物体承受重量或压力。例如:The bridge can carry heavy trucks.(这座桥能承载重型卡车。) 具有;带有:表示某物包含或具有某种特征、性质等。例如:This kind of apples carries a sweet smell.(这种苹果带有一种甜味。) 承担;负担:指承担责任、费用等。例如:You should carry the responsibility for your actions.(你应该为你的行为承担责任。) ●常见短语 carry on: 继续做某事:尤指在中断后继续进行。 Carry on with your work.(继续你的工作。) 进行;开展:表示进行某种活动。 They carried on a long conversation.(他们进行了长时间的交谈。) carry out: 执行;实施:指执行计划、命令、任务等。 We must carry out the plan carefully.(我们必须认真执行这个计划。) 完成;实现:表示完成某项工作或实现某个目标。 He carried out his promise.(他实现了他的诺言。) carry away: 带走;运走:指将某物从一个地方带到另一个地方。 The flood carried away many houses.(洪水冲走了许多房屋。) 使失去自制力;使着迷:常用于被动语态。 He was carried away by the beautiful music.(他被美妙的音乐迷住了。) carry off: 拿走;夺走:表示强行拿走某物。 The thief carried off her purse.(小偷抢走了她的钱包。) 成功地完成(困难的事):尤指在困难或不利的情况下。 She carried off the performance well.(她成功地完成了表演。) ●用法示例 作谓语: - She carried the baby in her arms.(她怀里抱着婴儿。) - The bus carried us to the park.(公共汽车把我们送到了公园。) - The plan was carried out successfully.(这个计划成功地实施了。) 用于被动语态: - The goods are carried by train.(货物由火车运输。) - He was carried away by his excitement.(他因兴奋而失去了自制力。) ★即学即练 1. The truck is used to ______ vegetables from the farm to the city. A. carry B. carry on C. carry out D. carry away 2. We should ______ the plan as soon as possible. A. carry on B. carry out C. carry off D. carry away 9. friendly ●词性及词义 形容词: 友好的;友善的:描述人的性格或行为,表示对他人亲切、和蔼,乐于与人交往。 The people in this town are very friendly.(这个镇上的人非常友好。) 亲切的;善意的:用于形容微笑、眼神、话语等传达出的友好情感。 She gave me a friendly smile.(她给了我一个亲切的微笑。) (事物之间)和睦的;融洽的:表示关系和谐。 The two countries have a friendly relationship.(这两个国家有着友好的关系。) 有利于……的;适宜的:常用来描述环境、条件等对某物或某事的发展有积极作用。 This climate is friendly to plants.(这种气候适宜植物生长。) ●常见短语 be friendly to:对……友好;对……有利。 We should be friendly to animals.(我们应该对动物友好。) This policy is friendly to the development of the economy.(这项政策有利于经济的发展。) be friendly with:与……友好相处。 He is friendly with his classmates.(他和同学们友好相处。) friendly match:友谊赛。 They will have a friendly match next week.(他们下周将举行一场友谊赛。) ●用法示例 作定语: - A friendly dog came up to me.(一只友好的狗向我走来。) - We had a friendly talk.(我们进行了一次友好的交谈。) 作表语: - She is always friendly.(她总是很友好。) - The environment here is friendly to us.(这里的环境对我们很适宜。) ●词形变化 - 名词形式为friend,意为朋友。 I have many friends.(我有很多朋友。) · in a friendly way。 He talked to me in a friendly way.(他友好地和我交谈。) ★即学即练 1.The people in the new neighborhood are very ______. I like living here. A. friend B. friends C. friendly 2.We should ______ the environment. It's important for our future. A. be friendly to B. be friendly with C. friendly to D. friendly with 10. hearing ●词性及词义 名词: 听力;听觉:指人或动物感知声音的能力。 His hearing is very good.(他的听力很好。) 听力所及的范围:表示能够听到声音的距离或区域。 Keep within hearing.(待在听力所及的范围内。) 审讯;听证会:指在法庭或其他官方场合进行的听取证词、辩论等活动。 The hearing will be held next week.(审讯将在下周举行。) ●常见短语 have good/poor hearing:听力好/差。 The old man has poor hearing.(这位老人听力差。) within hearing:在听力所及的范围内。 The children played within hearing of their parents.(孩子们在父母听力所及的范围内玩耍。) out of hearing:在听力范围之外。 He walked away until he was out of hearing.(他一直走,直到走出了听力范围。) hearing aid:助听器。 My grandfather needs a hearing aid to hear clearly.(我爷爷需要助听器才能听清楚。) ●用法示例 作主语: - Hearing is one of our five senses.(听觉是我们的五种感官之一。) - The hearing of this case took a long time.(这个案件的审讯花了很长时间。) 作宾语: - She lost her hearing in the accident.(她在事故中失去了听力。) - They attended the hearing to support their friend.(他们参加听证会来支持他们的朋友。) 作定语: - The hearing test is very important for the elderly.(听力测试对老年人很重要。) - He bought a new hearing aid.(他买了一个新的助听器。) ●词形变化 动词形式是hear,意为听见;听到;听说等。 I can hear the birds singing.(我能听见鸟儿在唱歌。) hearing是hear的动名词形式,可用于构成一些进行时态的句子。 I was hearing some strange noises last night.(昨晚我听到一些奇怪的声音。) ★即学即练 1. My grandma's ______ is not very good, so I have to speak loudly to her. A. sight B. hearing C. smell D. taste 2. The children played games ______ of their parents, so they could call their parents for help at any time. A. within hearing B. out of hearing C. in hearing D. on hearing 11. care about 关心;在意:强调对某人或某事的关注、重视以及内心的在意程度。 Parents always care about their children's health.(父母总是关心他们孩子的健康。) She doesn't care about what others think of her.(她不在乎别人对她的看法。) ●用法 后接名词或代词:表示关心某人或某事。 He cares about his friends deeply.(他非常关心他的朋友们。) We should care about the environment.(我们应该关心环境。) 后接动名词:表示在意做某事。 She cares about getting good grades.(她在意取得好成绩。) He doesn't care about spending much time on sports.(他不在乎在体育上花费很多时间。) 用于疑问句或否定句时,常表示对某事不感兴趣或认为不重要 Do you care about this movie?(你对这部电影感兴趣吗?) He doesn't care about money.(他不在乎钱。) ●辨析 care about&care for: care about:侧重于对事物的关注和重视,强调思想上的在意。 I care about your future.(我关心你的未来。) care for:有照顾;照料的意思,相当于look after;也有喜欢的意思,相当于like。 She cared for the sick child day and night.(她日夜照顾生病的孩子。)He doesn't care for coffee.(他不喜欢咖啡。) ●常见搭配 care deeply about:非常关心、深切在意。 We should care deeply about the poor.(我们应该深切关心穷人。) not care at all about:一点也不在乎。 He seems not to care at all about his appearance.(他似乎一点也不在乎自己的外表。) ★即学即练 1.My mother always ______ my grades. She wants me to get good marks. A. cares about B. cares for C. looks after D. looks for 2.—Do you ______ going to the park this weekend? —No, I don't. I want to stay at home. A. care about B. care for C. take care of D. be careful with 12. take care of(=look after) 照顾;照料:强调对人或事物的负责和保护,以确保其健康、安全和正常状态。 My mother takes care of my little sister every day.(我妈妈每天照顾我的小妹妹。) She looked after the old man very well.(她把这位老人照料得很好。) ●用法 后接人:表示照顾某人的生活起居、健康等方面。 The nurse takes care of the patients in the hospital.(护士在医院里照顾病人。) He has to look after his mother because she is ill.(他得照顾他的妈妈,因为她生病了。) 后接物:表示对事物的保管、维护等。 You should take care of your books.(你应该保管好你的书。) She looks after the garden and makes it very beautiful.(她照料花园,使它变得非常美丽。) ●辨析 take care of & care for: take care of和care for都有照顾的意思:在许多情况下可以互换使用。 He takes care of/cares for his younger brother.(他照顾他的弟弟。) care for还有喜欢的意思:这是take care of所没有的用法。 She doesn't care for this kind of music.(她不喜欢这种音乐。) take care of & look after: 两者意思基本相同:常可互换使用,都强调照顾、照料的行为。 Can you take care of/look after my pet dog while I'm away?(我不在的时候你能照顾我的宠物狗吗?) take care of更强调承担责任和义务:而look after更侧重于日常的照看动作。 ●常见搭配 take good care of:好好照顾。 Please take good care of yourself.(请好好照顾自己。) look after well:照料得很好。 The babysitter looks after the kids well.(保姆把孩子们照料得很好。) take care of oneself:照顾自己。 You are old enough to take care of yourself.(你已经足够大了,可以照顾自己了。) ★即学即练 1. When my parents are out, my elder sister will ______ me. A. take care of B. care for C. look for D. look at 2. The old man is very kind. He ______ the homeless cats in the neighborhood. A. looks after B. looks up C. takes care D. cares of 13. be back 回来;返回:表示从别处回到原来的地方。 He will be back soon.(他很快就会回来。) ●用法 单独使用:用于描述某人或某物回到某个地点。 Mom, when will you be back?(妈妈,你什么时候回来?) The bus will be back in an hour.(公交车一小时后回来。) 与介词短语搭配:常与to+地点或at+时间等搭配,更具体地说明返回的地点或时间。 She will be back to school next week.(她下周将返回学校。) They were back at the hotel at ten o'clock.(他们十点钟回到了酒店。) 用于一般将来时:常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如soon, tomorrow, in a few days等。 I'll be back tomorrow.(我明天回来。) He will be back in a week.(他一周后回来。) 用于一般过去时:表示过去某个时间返回。 They were back late last night.(他们昨晚回来得很晚。) ●辨析 be back & come back: 意思相近:都有回来的意思。 He will be back/come back soon.(他很快就会回来。) be back强调状态:表示处于回来的状态;而come back强调动作,更侧重于回来这个动作的发生。 When I got home, my father was already back.(我到家时,爸爸已经回来了。) He came back from school at five o'clock.(他五点钟从学校回来。) be back & return: return比较正式:用法较为广泛,可以表示返回归还等意思。而be back比较口语化,主要表示回来的意思。 He returned to his hometown last year.(他去年回到了家乡。)= He was back to his hometown last year. 但在表示归还时,只能用return,不能用be back。例如:You must return the book on time.(你必须按时归还这本书。) ●常见搭配 be back home:回家。 I'm so tired. I just want to be back home.(我太累了。我只想回家。) be back from:从……回来。 She is back from Paris.(她从巴黎回来了。) be back again:再次回来。 He left but said he would be back again.(他离开了,但说他会再次回来。) ★即学即练 1. —When will your father ______? —He will be back at 6 p.m. A. be back B. come back C. return back D. A, B and C 2. She ______ from the park just now. A. is back B. was back C. comes back D. come back 14. in danger 处于危险之中,强调人或事物面临着可能受到伤害、损害或毁灭的危险情况。 The little boy is in danger. We must save him.(这个小男孩处于危险之中,我们必须救他。) ●用法 作表语:通常用于系动词(如be, seem, look等)之后,说明主语的状态。 The old tree looks in danger of falling down.(这棵老树看起来有倒下的危险。) The animals in the forest are in danger because of deforestation.(由于森林砍伐,森林里的动物处于危险之中。) 后接of短语:表示具体面临的某种危险,of后面接名词、代词或动名词。 The patient is in danger of death.(这位病人有死亡的危险。) The bridge is in danger of collapsing.(这座桥有坍塌的危险。) ●辨析 in danger & dangerous: in danger强调状态:表示主语自身处于危险的境地。 The climber is in danger.(这位登山者处于危险之中。) dangerous是形容词,意为危险的:用来描述能对他人或事物造成危害的人或事物本身的性质。 The snake is dangerous.(这条蛇是危险的。) in danger & at risk: 两者都有处于危险中的意思:在很多情况下可以互换使用。 The species is in danger/at risk of extinction.(这个物种有灭绝的危险。) at risk更侧重于面临某种风险或可能性:而in danger更强调已经处于危险的状态。 ●常见搭配 be in danger of doing sth:有做某事的危险。 The city is in danger of being flooded.(这座城市有被洪水淹没的危险。) put sb/sth in danger:使某人/某物处于危险之中。 His careless driving put everyone in the car in danger.(他粗心的驾驶使车上的每个人都处于危险之中。) save sb/sth from danger:把某人/某物从危险中拯救出来。 The firefighter saved the child from danger.(消防员把孩子从危险中救了出来。) ★即学即练 1. The old house is ______ of falling down. We should stay away from it. A. in danger B. dangerous C. at risk D. in dangerous 2. Playing with fire can ______ yourself ______. A. put; at risk B. put; in dangerous C. put; in danger D. put; danger 15. out of danger 脱离危险,强调之前处于危险状态,现在已经摆脱了危险,情况变得安全。 The patient is out of danger now.(病人现在脱离危险了。) ●用法 作表语:通常用于系动词之后,说明主语的状态已经从危险转变为安全。 After the doctor's treatment, the injured man was out of danger.(经过医生的治疗,受伤的男子脱离了危险。) The forest fire is out of danger after the firefighters' efforts.(在消防员的努力下,森林大火已脱离危险。) 常与动词搭配使用:如be, get, become等。 We hope he will get out of danger soon.(我们希望他很快脱离危险。) The situation became out of danger finally.(局势最终脱离了危险。) ●辨析 out of danger & in danger: - out of danger表示已经脱离危险状态,是安全的;而in danger表示处于危险之中。 The sick cat was in danger yesterday, but it is out of danger today.(这只生病的猫昨天处于危险之中,但今天已经脱离危险了。) out of danger & safe: - 两者都有安全的意思,但out of danger更强调从危险状态转变为安全,有一个变化的过程;safe则单纯表示处于安全的状态。 The child was out of danger after being rescued by the police.(孩子被警察救出来后脱离了危险。) The little girl is now safe at home.(小女孩现在在家很安全。) ●常见搭配 be out of danger:最常见的用法,直接表示处于脱离危险的状态。 The accident victim is finally out of danger.(事故受害者终于脱离危险了。) get out of danger:强调动作,即从危险状态中摆脱出来。 With the help of the lifeboat, the sailors got out of danger.(在救生艇的帮助下,水手们脱离了危险。) pull sb out of danger:表示把某人从危险中拉出来,使其脱离危险。 The brave man pulled the old woman out of danger.(这位勇敢的男子把老妇人从危险中救了出来。) ★即学即练 1. After the operation, the seriously - injured man ______ at last. A. was out of danger B. was in danger C. was dangerous D. was safe and sound 2. Thanks to the timely treatment, the boy ______ soon. A. got out of danger B. got in danger C. became dangerous D. became out of danger 16. pick up 捡起;拾起:常指用手将地上或其他地方的东西拿起来。 Please pick up the book on the floor.(请捡起地板上的书。) 接载;搭载:表示开车去接某人或顺路搭载某人。 My father will pick me up after school.(我爸爸放学后会来接我。)The bus stopped to pick up some passengers.(公交车停下来搭载一些乘客。) 学会;获得:指通过学习、实践或经历等方式自然而然地掌握某种技能、知识或习惯等。 He picked up some English while he was in the UK.(他在英国时学会了一些英语。) 恢复(健康、体力等):通常指身体或精神状态逐渐变好。 After a few days' rest, she picked up.(休息了几天后,她恢复了健康。) 收听;接收(信号等):用于描述收音机、电视、手机等接收设备接收到广播、电视节目、信号等。 This radio can pick up many different stations.(这台收音机可以收听许多不同的电台。) ●用法 及物动词用法:pick up后面直接接宾语,如捡起的东西、接的人、学到的知识等。 He picked up a wallet on the street.(他在街上捡到一个钱包。) She picked up some new skills at the training course.(她在培训课程上学到了一些新技能。) 不及物动词用法:当表示恢复健康、情况好转等含义时,pick up后面不接宾语。 The economy is picking up.(经济正在复苏。) ●常见搭配 pick up sth for sb:为某人捡起某物或为某人去接某物。 Can you pick up the keys for me?(你能帮我捡起钥匙吗?) I'll pick up the tickets for us.(我会去为我们取票。) pick sb/sth up from...:从某地捡起某人/某物或从某地接某人。 She picked up her son from school.(她从学校接她儿子。) He picked up the pen from the ground.(他从地上捡起钢笔。) ★即学即练 1. The driver stopped the car to ______ a passenger on the way. A. pick up B. pick out C. look up D. put up 2. My brother ______ some French when he worked in France. A. picked up B. set up C. took up D. made up 17.be friendly to 对……友好对……友善,强调对他人或事物表现出亲切、和善的态度。 We should be friendly to everyone.(我们应该对每个人都友好。) ●用法 接人作宾语:用于描述人与人之间的友好态度。 Tom is friendly to his new classmates.(汤姆对他的新同学很友好。) She is always friendly to the old people in the nursing home.(她对养老院的老人总是很友好。) 接事物作宾语:表示对某类事物持有积极、善意的态度。 We should be friendly to the environment.(我们应该对环境友好。) This kind of energy is friendly to nature.(这种能源对大自然有益。) ●句型转换 否定句:在be动词后面加not。 He isn't friendly to his neighbors.(他对他的邻居不友好。) 一般疑问句:将be动词提到句首。 Is she friendly to the new students?(她对新同学友好吗?) ●辨析 be friendly to & be friendly with: - be friendly to强调对某人或某事的友好态度,后面通常接人或事物。 The teacher is friendly to all his students.(这位老师对他所有的学生都很友好。) - be friendly with表示与……友好相处和……是朋友,强调两者之间有友好的关系,后面一般接人。 He is friendly with his colleagues.(他和他的同事们友好相处。) ●常见搭配 be friendly enough to do sth:足够友好去做某事。 He is friendly enough to help me with my English.(他很友好,愿意帮我学习英语。) try to be friendly to:尽力对……友好。 You should try to be friendly to your new roommate.(你应该尽力对你的新室友友好。) 18. be friendly with 与……友好相处和……是朋友,侧重于描述两者之间已经建立起了友好的关系,强调一种相互的、持续的友好状态。 He is friendly with his classmates.(他和他的同学们友好相处。) ●用法 接人作宾语:主要用于说明主语和其他人之间的友好关系。 Lucy is friendly with Lily. They often play together.(露西和莉莉很友好。她们经常一起玩耍。) I'm friendly with the kids next door.(我和隔壁的孩子们相处得很好。) ●句型转换 否定句:在be动词后面加not。 She isn't friendly with her deskmate.(她和她的同桌相处得不友好。) 一般疑问句:将be动词提到句首。 Are you friendly with your teammates?(你和你的队友们相处得好吗?) ●辨析 be friendly with & be friendly to: - be friendly with强调两者之间相互的友好关系,是一种比较亲密、稳定的友好状态,通常用于描述人与人之间的关系。 They have been friendly with each other for a long time.(他们彼此友好相处很长时间了。) - be friendly to侧重于对某人或某事表现出友好的态度,后面既可以接人,也可以接事物。 We should be friendly to animals.(我们应该对动物友好。) ●常见搭配 be friendly with sb for + 时间段:表示与某人友好相处了一段时间。 They have been friendly with each other for two years.(他们彼此友好相处两年了。) become friendly with sb:表示开始与某人友好相处,强调从陌生到友好的变化过程。 He became friendly with his new classmates quickly.(他很快就和新同学友好相处了。) ★即学即练 1. My sister ______ her classmates since she entered the new school. A. has been friendly with B. has been friendly to C. was friendly with D. was friendly to 2. You should ______ others. It's easier to make friends in this way. A. be friendly with B. be friendly to C. become friendly with D. try to be friendly with 19. quite a 有相当;颇;非常;很等意思,用于强调程度,常表示超出一般的水平或数量。 It's quite a nice day.(今天天气真好。) ●用法 修饰可数名词单数:通常置于不定冠词a/an之前,构成quite a/an + 可数名词单数结构。 He is quite a good player.(他是个相当不错的运动员。) This is quite an interesting movie.(这是一部相当有趣的电影。) 与形容词连用:用于强调形容词所表达的性质或状态的程度较高。 The mountain is quite a high one.(这座山相当高。)相当于The mountain is quite high.但前者强调意味更浓。 表示数量概念:可表示相当多的数量可观的。 There is quite a distance between the two cities.(这两座城市之间距离相当远。) ●常见搭配 quite a lot:表示许多;大量;非常多,可单独使用,也可接of + 名词结构。 He has traveled quite a lot.(他旅行过很多地方。) There are quite a lot of books in the library.(图书馆里有很多书。) quite a few:意为不少;相当多,后接可数名词复数。 Quite a few students passed the exam. ★即学即练 1. I have ______ friends in my new school. We often play together. A. quite a lot B. quite a few C. quite a little D. quite lot of 2. This is ______ story. I like it very much. A. quite interesting B. quite a interesting C. quite an interesting D. a quite interesting 20.not at all 用于回答感谢:表示不用谢不客气,相当于You're welcome。 - A: Thank you very much for helping me.(非常感谢你帮助我。) - B: Not at all.(不用谢。) 用于回答道歉:表示没关系一点也不介意。 - A: I'm sorry for breaking your cup.(对不起,我打碎了你的杯子。) - B: Not at all. It's just a small thing.(没关系,这只是一件小事。) 表示完全否定:意为一点也不根本不,用来强调否定的程度。 - I'm not tired at all.(我一点也不累。) - She doesn't like math at all.(她根本不喜欢数学。) ●位置 not at all在表示完全否定时,通常位于系动词(如be动词)、助动词(如do, does, did等)或情态动词(如can, could, will等)之后,实义动词之前。如果句子中没有这类动词,则直接放在实义动词之后。 - He is not at all interested in history.(他对历史一点都不感兴趣。) - They do not at all understand what I mean.(他们根本不明白我的意思。) - I like the movie not at all.(我一点也不喜欢这部电影。) ●辨析 not at all与not...in the least:两者都有一点也不的意思,可互换使用。 I'm not at all/in the least hungry.(我一点也不饿。) not at all与never mind:都可用于回应道歉,但never mind更侧重于安慰对方,让对方不要把事情放在心上;not at all强调自己不介意。 - A: I'm sorry I'm late.(对不起,我迟到了。) - B1: Never mind. It doesn't matter this time.(没关系,这次不要紧。) - B2: Not at all. There's no hurry.(没关系,不着急。) ★即学即练 1. —Thank you for your beautiful flowers. —______. I'm glad you like them. A. Not at all B. All right C. That's right D. You're welcome to 2. —I'm sorry for making so much noise. —______. I was just reading a book. A. Not at all B. Not in the least C. Never mind D. A, B and C 21. play with 玩耍;与……一起玩:强调与他人或动物进行娱乐活动。 The children are playing with each other in the park.(孩子们在公园里互相玩耍。) He likes to play with his dog after school.(他放学后喜欢和他的狗一起玩。) ●用法 接人作宾语:表示和某人一起玩耍、嬉戏。 She often plays with her classmates during the break.(她经常在课间和同学们一起玩。) 接物作宾语:表示摆弄、玩弄某物。 Don't play with fire. It's dangerous.(不要玩火。这很危险。) He is playing with a yo-yo.(他在玩溜溜球。) 接动物作宾语:表示与动物互动、玩耍。 My sister likes to play with the kitten.(我妹妹喜欢和小猫玩耍。) ●位置 通常位于主语之后,宾语之前,构成主语 + play with + 宾语的结构。 They play with toys every Sunday.(他们每个星期天都玩玩具。) ●常见搭配 play with sb/sth + 时间状语:表示在某个时间或时间段内与某人或某物玩耍。 We played with snow all morning.(我们整个上午都在玩雪。) like to play with:喜欢与……一起玩。 Most kids like to play with water.(大多数孩子喜欢玩水。) stop playing with:停止与……玩耍;停止摆弄。 Stop playing with your pen and listen to the teacher.(停止玩你的笔,听老师讲课。) ★即学即练 1. My little brother often ______ his toys before going to bed. A. plays with B. plays C. play with D. play 2. —What does your sister like to do on weekends? —She likes to ______ her friends in the park. A. play B. play with C. playing D. playing with 22.one another 互相彼此,用于描述多个人或事物之间的相互关系。 ●用法 作宾语:常放在动词之后,充当动词的宾语。 They should help one another.(他们应该互相帮助。) We often learn from one another.(我们经常互相学习。) 与不及物动词搭配:可与一些不及物动词加介词构成的短语连用。 The children are looking at one another and smiling.(孩子们正彼此看着对方微笑。) 与反身代词区别:one another强调多个人或事物之间的相互关系,而反身代词强调动作回到执行者本身。 He hurt himself.(他伤到了自己。)这里不能用one another。 ●位置 通常位于谓语动词之后,具体取决于句子的结构和动词的用法。 They talk to one another every day.(talk to是动词短语,one another紧跟其后) The students respect one another.(respect是及物动词,one another作其宾语) ●辨析 one another & each other:在初中学段,两者通常可以互换使用,都表示互相彼此。 They love each other/one another.(他们彼此相爱。) ★即学即练 1. The twins always share their secrets with ______. A. one another B. themselves C. each other's D. one other 五、单元重点句型剖析 1. 询问最喜欢的动物及回答 ●句型结构 What's + 形容词性物主代词(your/his/her/our/their等) + favourite + 名词(此处为animal)? 用于询问对方最喜欢的某类事物。What's是What is的缩写,favourite表示最喜欢的 ,形容词性物主代词表明所属关系。 回答时用It's + the + 动物名称,the在这里表示特指喜欢的这一类动物 —What's your favourite animal?(你最喜欢的动物是什么?) —It's the panda.(它是熊猫。) ●拓展应用 可以根据实际情况替换形容词性物主代词。 What's your favourite______? It's______.(你最喜欢的______是什么? 它是______) 横线处可填入各类名词,如subject(学科)、fruit(水果)、color(颜色)、sport(运动)等。回答同样用It's + 具体的事物。 询问最喜欢的学科: -What's your favourite subject?(你最喜欢的学科是什么?) -It's English.(是英语。) 询问最喜欢的水果: -What's your favourite fruit?(你最喜欢的水果是什么?) -It's the apple.(是苹果。) 询问最喜欢的颜色: -What's your favourite color?(你最喜欢的颜色是什么?) -It's blue.(是蓝色。) 询问最喜欢的运动: -What's your favourite sport?(你最喜欢的运动是什么?) -It's basketball.(是篮球。) 2. 询问喜欢或不喜欢某种动物的原因及回答: - Why do you like...? Because...(你为什么喜欢……? 因为……) - Why don't you like...? Because...(你为什么不喜欢……? 因为……) ●句型结构: Why是疑问词,意为为什么,用来引导对原因的询问。do是助动词,帮助构成疑问句,没有实际意义。you是主语,like是谓语动词,意为喜欢,...处可以是各种动物(如pandas、dogs、birds等),也可以是其他事物,如movies(电影)、books(书)等。 Because...是回答此问题的常用句式,Because是连词,意为因为,后面接喜欢该事物的原因。 -Why do you like pandas?(你为什么喜欢熊猫?) -Because they are very cute.(因为它们非常可爱。) ●拓展应用 除了描述动物的特征,原因还可以从动物的习性、与自身的联系等方面阐述。 -Why do you like dogs? -Because they are loyal and can be good companions.(你为什么喜欢狗?因为它们很忠诚,能成为很好的伙伴。) -Why don't you like snakes?(你为什么不喜欢蛇?) -Because they look scary.(因为它们看起来很吓人。) 3. 询问动物的来源: - Where are...from? They're from...(……来自哪里? 它们来自……) - Where does it usually live? / Where is it from? (它通常住在哪里?/它来自哪里?) ●句型结构 特殊疑问句,用于询问多个动物的来源地。Where是疑问词,用来询问地点,意为哪里;are是系动词,用于构成疑问句;...from表示来自……,中间可以填入复数形式的动物名称。回答时用They're from...,其中They're是They are的缩写,后面接表示地点的名词或短语。 -Where are pandas from?(熊猫来自哪里?) -They're from China.(它们来自中国。) Where does it usually live?用于询问单个动物通常的栖息地,Where是疑问词,does是助动词,用于构成疑问句,it是主语,指代单个动物,usually是频率副词,意为通常,live是谓语动词,意为居住。Where is it from?则用于询问单个动物的来源地,结构与前面介绍的Where are...from?类似,只是这里主语是单数形式it。 -Where does a lion usually live?(狮子通常住在哪里?) -It usually lives in Africa.(它通常生活在非洲。) -Where is the kangaroo from?(袋鼠来自哪里?) -It's from Australia.(它来自澳大利亚。) ●拓展应用:该句型不仅可以用于询问动物的来源地,还可以用于询问人、物品等的来源地。 -Where are these apples from? -They're from Shandong.(这些苹果来自哪里?它们来自山东。) -Where does a polar bear usually live?(北极熊通常住在哪里?) -It usually lives in the Arctic.(它通常生活在北极。) -Where is the koala from?(考拉来自哪里?) -It's from Australia.(它来自澳大利亚。) 4. 询问动物的外貌特征: - What does it look like? / How does it look? (它看起来像什么?/它看起来怎么样?) (1)What does it look like? ●句型结构:这是一个特殊疑问句,用于询问人或动物的外貌特征。What作为疑问词,对事物的特征、样子等进行提问 。does是助动词,帮助构成一般现在时的疑问句,无实际意义。it是主语,可指代前文提到的动物,也可泛指某一动物。look like是谓语部分,look在这里是系动词,意为看起来 ,like是介词,look like合起来表示看起来像……,询问外貌具体的样子。 回答方式:回答通常围绕动物的体型、颜色、毛发、五官等外貌特点展开。例如: -What does the panda look like?(熊猫看起来什么样?) -It has black - and - white fur, two big black eyes, and a round body.(它有黑白相间的皮毛,两只大大的黑眼圈,还有一个圆圆的身体。) ●拓展应用:除了动物,该句型也可用于询问人的外貌 What does your new teacher look like?(你的新老师长什么样?) He is tall and has short black hair.(他很高,留着黑色短发。) (2) How does it look? ●句型结构 特殊疑问句,How作为疑问词,意为怎样,询问关于动物给人的整体外观感受或印象。does是助动词,it为主语,look是系动词,意为看起来。此句型更侧重于询问对方对该动物外观的主观感受。回答方式:回答可以是描述性的形容词,表达对动物外貌的看法,如可爱、漂亮、奇怪等。 -How does the giraffe look?(长颈鹿看起来怎么样?) -It looks very tall and graceful.(它看起来非常高且优雅。) ●与What does it look like?的区别 What does it look like?更注重客观描述动物具体的外貌特征;而How does it look?更侧重于主观感受,回答更倾向于用形容词描述对动物外观的整体印象 。 5. 询问动物的能力 What can it do? (它能做什么?) ●句型结构 - What是疑问词,用于对事物的内容、性质、状况等进行提问,在这里是对动物所能做的事情进行提问。 - can是情态动词,意为能够可以,表示能力或可能性。 - it是主语,指代所讨论的动物。 - do是实义动词,在这里表示动作,与can一起构成谓语部分,表示能够做的动作或具备的能力。 回答方式 回答通常直接说明动物能够进行的具体动作或具备的能力,结构为It can + 动词原形(+其他成分)。例如: -What can a bird do?(鸟能做什么?) -It can fly in the sky.(它能在天空中飞翔。) -What can a dog do?(狗能做什么?) -It can run fast and help people guard the house.(它能跑得很快,还能帮人们看家。) ●拓展应用 该句型可以用于各种动物能力的讨论,并且可以结合具体情境进行拓展。 - 在描述海豚时 -What can a dolphin do?(海豚能做什么?) -It can swim very fast and jump out of the water. It can also do some amazing tricks in the circus.(它能游得很快,还能跳出水面。它还能在马戏团里表演一些惊人的技巧。) - 在讨论猴子时 -What can a monkey do?(猴子能做什么?) -It can climb trees quickly and pick fruits. It can also imitate people's actions.(它能快速地爬树并采摘水果。它还能模仿人的动作。) 6. 描述对动物的感受: - I like...because they're cute / smart / interesting / funny / huge...(我喜欢……因为它们可爱/聪明/有趣/滑稽/巨大……) - I don't like...because they're dangerous / scary...(我不喜欢……因为它们危险/可怕……) (1)I like...because they're cute / smart / interesting / funny / huge...(我喜欢……因为它们可爱/聪明/有趣/滑稽/巨大……) ●句型结构 表达个人喜好及原因的复合句。I like...为主句,表明自己喜欢的对象,like是谓语动词,意为喜欢,省略号处可填入各类动物名词,如pandas(熊猫)、dogs(狗)、birds(鸟)等。because they're...为原因状语从句,because是引导词,引导原因状语从句,说明喜欢的原因。they're是they are的缩写,they指代前面提到的动物,cute smart interesting funny huge等为形容词,用于描述动物的特点。 ●拓展应用 表达对熊猫的喜爱 I like pandas because they're cute.(我喜欢熊猫,因为它们很可爱。) 表达对海豚的喜爱 I like dolphins because they're smart.(我喜欢海豚,因为它们很聪明。) 表达对猴子的喜爱 I like monkeys because they're funny.(我喜欢猴子,因为它们很滑稽。) (2)I don't like...because they're dangerous / scary...(我不喜欢……因为它们危险/可怕……) ●句型结构 I don't like...为主句,don't like是like的否定形式,表达不喜欢的态度,省略号处填写不喜欢的动物名称。 because they're...依旧是原因状语从句,说明不喜欢的原因,dangerous(危险的)、scary(可怕的)等形容词用于描述动物让人不喜欢的特质。 ●用法 表达对蛇的厌恶 I don't like snakes because they're scary.(我不喜欢蛇,因为它们很可怕。)snakes是不喜欢的动物,scary描绘出蛇给人的可怕感觉,解释了不喜欢蛇的原因。 表达对老虎的不喜欢 I don't like tigers because they're dangerous.(我不喜欢老虎,因为它们很危险。)这里dangerous体现老虎具有危险性,这是不喜欢老虎的原因。 ●拓展应用 除了dangerous和scary,还可以用其他负面形容词描述不喜欢的原因 I don't like cockroaches because they're dirty.(我不喜欢蟑螂,因为它们很脏。) I don't like lions because they're too fierce and may hurt people.(我不喜欢狮子,因为它们太凶猛,可能会伤人。) ★即学即练 1. —你最喜欢的运动是什么?—是足球。 —What's your ______ sport? —It's football. 2. —你为什么喜欢猫?—因为它们很可爱。 —Why do you like ______? —Because they are very cute. 3. —大象来自哪里?—它们来自非洲。 —Where ______ elephants from? —They're from Africa. 4. —它看起来像什么?—它有长长的耳朵和一条短尾巴。 —What does it ______ like? —It has long ears and a short tail. 5. —这只鸟看起来怎么样?—它看起来很漂亮。 —How does the bird ______? —It looks very beautiful. 6. —猴子能做什么?—它能爬树。 —What ______ a monkey do? —It can climb trees. 7. —我喜欢兔子因为它们很有趣。 I like ______ because they're very interesting. 8. —我不喜欢蜘蛛因为它们看起来很吓人。 I don't like ______ because they look scary. 9. —袋鼠通常住在哪里?—它通常住在澳大利亚。 —Where does a ______ usually live? —It usually lives in Australia. 10. —你最喜欢的颜色是什么?—是绿色。 —What's your ______ color? —It's green. 六、单元重点语法解析 (一)特殊疑问句 以what, why, where 引导的特殊疑问句,用于对特定信息进行提问。 1.特殊疑问词 (1)what:对事物的内容、名称、性质等提问。 What is your favorite animal?(你最喜欢的动物是什么?) (2)who:对人进行提问。 Who is your English teacher?(谁是你的英语老师?) (3)where:对地点进行提问。 Where do you live?(你住在哪里?) (4)when:对时间进行提问。 When is your birthday?(你的生日是什么时候?) (5)why:对原因进行提问。 Why are you late?(你为什么迟到?) (6)how:对方式、程度等进行提问。 How do you go to school?(你怎么去上学?) 2.句子结构 (1)疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序 当谓语动词是实义动词时,需要借助助动词do/does/did等构成疑问句。 What do you like?(你喜欢什么?) Where does he live?(他住在哪里?) When did you come back?(你什么时候回来的?) (2)疑问词 + 陈述句语序 当疑问词在句子中作主语或主语的定语时,句子使用陈述句语序。 Who is standing there?(谁站在那儿?) Which book is yours?(哪本书是你的?) 3.回答方式 (1)回答what引导的特殊疑问句:要具体说明所问事物的内容或性质等。 What's your hobby?(你的爱好是什么?) My hobby is reading.(我的爱好是阅读。) (2)回答who引导的特殊疑问句:要说出具体的人物。 Who is your best friend?(谁是你最好的朋友?) My best friend is Tom.(我最好的朋友是汤姆。) (3)回答where引导的特殊疑问句:要明确指出地点。 Where is the library?(图书馆在哪里?) It's next to the school.(它在学校旁边。) (4)回答when引导的特殊疑问句:要说明具体的时间。 When will you go to Beijing?(你什么时候去北京?) I will go to Beijing next week.(我下周去北京。) (5)回答why引导的特殊疑问句:要用because引导的句子说明原因。 Why do you like music?(你为什么喜欢音乐?) Because it makes me relaxed.(因为它让我放松。) (6)回答how引导的特殊疑问句:要根据具体询问的方式、程度等进行回答。 How do you usually go to work?(你通常怎么去上班?) I usually go to work by bus.(我通常乘公交车去上班。) ★即学即练 一、单项选择 1. —______ does your brother like pandas? —Because they are cute. A. What B. Why C. Where D. How 2. —______ is your favourite subject? —My favourite subject is music. A. When B. Who C. What D. How 3. —______ does the tiger look like? —It's very strong and has sharp teeth. A. What B. How C. Which D. Where 4. —______ are lions from? —They're from Africa. A. What B. Where C. Why D. How 5. —______ can a bird do? —It can fly. A. What B. How C. Why D. Which 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空完成句子 1. What's your ______ (favourite) fruit? 2. Why ______ (do) he like monkeys? 3. Where ______ (be) the pandas from? 4. What does the panda ______ (look) like? 5. How ______ (do) the fish look? (二)because引导的原因状语从句 用来回答why开头的疑问句,说明喜欢或不喜欢某种动物的原因。 Why do you like giraffes? Because they're interesting.(你为什么喜欢长颈鹿?因为它们很有趣。) 1.基本结构 (1)because + 陈述句 because是从属连词,引导原因状语从句时,后面接一个完整的陈述句,说明主句动作或情况发生的原因。 I didn't go to school because I was ill.(我没去上学因为我生病了。) (2)主句 + because从句 从句可以位于主句之后,这种语序较为常见,主句表达结果,because从句解释原因。 He was late for work because he missed the bus.(他上班迟到了,因为他错过了公交车。) (3)because从句 + 主句 从句也可以位于主句之前,此时通常用逗号将从句和主句隔开。 Because it was raining heavily, we didn't go to the park.(因为雨下得很大,我们没去公园。) 2.用法 (1)回答why的提问 在回答由why引导的特殊疑问句时,通常用because引导的从句来回答。 Why are you so happy?(你为什么这么开心?) Because I got a good grade in the exam.(因为我在考试中取得了好成绩。) (2)辨析 ●because & because of because是连词,后接句子 because of是介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词等。 He didn't come to school because he was ill.(他没来上学因为他病了。) He didn't come to school because of his illness.(他因为生病没来上学。) ●because & since/as because语气最强,强调直接原因,回答why的问句 since和as语气较弱,通常表示已知的、显然的原因,常译为既然由于 Because it is raining, we have to stay at home.(因为下雨,我们不得不待在家里。) Since/As everyone is here, let's start the meeting.(既然大家都到了,我们开始开会吧。) ●不能与so连用 在英语中,because和so不能同时出现在一个句子中,因为它们表达的逻辑关系重复。 (3)强调结构中的运用 在强调原因状语从句时,可以使用It is/was because...的结构。 It was because he studied hard that he passed the exam.(正是因为他学习努力,他才通过了考试。) ★即学即练 一、单项选择 1. I like reading books ______ they can give me a lot of knowledge. A. so B. because C. but D. and 2. He didn't go to school ______ he was ill. A. because B. if C. although D. until 3. My sister is happy ______ she gets a new dress. A. because B. when C. while D. before 4. We can't play football outside ______ it is raining heavily. A. so B. because of C. because D. although 5. Tom studies hard ______ he wants to get good grades. A. because B. so that C. in order to D. as soon as 二、用because完成句子 1. I like the city ____________________ (因为它很漂亮). 2. She was late for school ____________________ (因为她起床晚了). 3. They are very tired ____________________ (因为他们走了很长的路). 4. The boy is crying ____________________ (因为他找不到他的妈妈). 5. We like music ____________________ (因为它能让我们放松). 三、句型转换 1. I like dogs. They are friendly. (用because合并为一句) 2. He can't come to the party. He has too much work to do. (用because合并为一句) 3. The little girl is afraid of snakes. They look scary. (用because合并为一句) (三)名词复数形式: 名词的复数用于表示两个或两个以上的人、事物、地点等。 情况 变化 示例 一般情况 词尾直接加-s book-books(书) cat-cats(猫) pen-pens(钢笔) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾 词尾加-es bus-buses(公共汽车) box-boxes(盒子) brush-brushes(刷子) watch-watches(手表) 以辅音字母+y结尾 将y变为i,再加-es city-cities(城市) baby-babies(婴儿) family-families(家庭) 以o结尾 有些加-es,有些加-s,需要特殊记忆 tomato-tomatoes(西红柿) potato-potatoes(土豆) hero-heroes(英雄) photo-photos(照片) piano-pianos(钢琴) zoo-zoos(动物园) 不规则变化 改变内部元音字母 man(男人)→men woman(女人)→women foot(脚)→feet tooth(牙齿)→teeth mouse(老鼠)→mice 词尾发生变化 child(孩子)→children ox(公牛)→oxen 单复数同形 sheep(绵羊) deer(鹿) fish(鱼)(当表示不同种类的鱼时也可加-es变为fishes) Chinese(中国人) Japanese(日本人) 复合名词的复数 在主体名词后加-s或-es son-in-law(女婿)→sons-in-law passer-by(路人)→passers-by looker-on(旁观者)→lookers-on 无主体名词时在词尾加-s或-es grown-up(成年人)→grown-ups go-between(中间人)→go-betweens ★即学即练 一、单项选择题 1. There are many ______ in the zoo. A. monkey B. monkeys C. monkeyes D. monkeies 2. I have two ______. A. box B. boxs C. boxes D. boxies 3. These ______ are very delicious. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. tomatoe 4. There are some ______ on the table. A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knifees 5. The ______ in the yard are eating grass. A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes D. sheep's 二、用所给名词的复数形式填空 1. There are five ______ (child) playing in the park. 2. These ______ (goose) are swimming in the river. 3. I can see many ______ (fish) in the lake. 4. The ______ (man) over there are my teachers. 5. We have different kinds of ______ (watch). 三、句型转换 1. This is a leaf. (改为复数句) __________________________________ 2. That is a potato. (改为复数句) __________________________________ 3. He has a box. (改为复数句) __________________________________ (四)be动词的用法 1.be动词的形式 原形 be 一般现在时 am、is、are 一般过去时 was、were 现在分词形式 being 过去分词形式 been 2. 不同时态中的用法 时态 Be动词 用法 示例 一般现在时 am 与第一人称单数I连用 I am a student.(我是一名学生。) is 第三人称单数(he、she、it)以及可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语 He is my brother.(他是我哥哥。)The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣。) are 第二人称单数和复数(you)以及第一、三人称复数(we、they)作主语 You are my good friends.(你们是我的好朋友。) They are in the park.(他们在公园里。) 一般过去时 was am和is的过去式,用于第一、三人称单数(I、he、she、it)作主语 I was at home yesterday.(我昨天在家。) She was happy last weekend.(她上周末很开心。) were are的过去式,用于第二人称单数和复数(you)以及第一、三人称复数(we、they)作主语 You were late for school this morning.(你今天早上上学迟到了。) We were in the library last Monday.(我们上周一在图书馆。) 现在进行时 be + 现在分词 表示正在进行的动作 They are playing football.(他们正在踢足球。) I am reading a book.(我正在读书。) (五) 情态动词can的用法 1.基本用法 (1)表示能力 强调主语具有做某事的能力或技能,相当于能够会。用于描述人或物在体力、智力、技能等方面所具备的能力。 She can dance very well.(她跳舞跳得很好。) He can solve this math problem.(他能解决这道数学题。) (2)表示可能性:指某事在客观上有发生的可能性,可理解为可能也许。 It can be windy in spring.(春天可能会有风。) This kind of flower can bloom all year round.(这种花可能全年都开花。) (3)表示允许:用于请求允许或许可别人做某事,意为可以。在口语中较为常用,语气比may更随意。 Can I use your pen?(我可以用你的钢笔吗?) You can watch TV after you finish your homework.(你完成作业后可以看电视。) ★即学即练 一、单项选择 1. —______ you able to play basketball well? —Yes, I ______. A. Are; am B. Can; can C. Do; do D. Is; is 2. My sister ______ sing English songs very well. A. can B. is C. are D. be 3. There ______ a book and two pens on the desk. A. can B. is C. are D. be 4. —______ I use your eraser? —Sure. Here you are. A. Am B. Is C. Can D. Are 5. The students ______ not at school yesterday. A. can B. was C. were D. are 6. —What ______ your father do? —He can drive a car. A. do B. does C. can D. is 7. ______ it possible to finish the work in two days? A. Can B. Is C. Are D. Do 8. These flowers ______ very beautiful. A. can B. is C. are D. be 9. I ______ swim when I was five years old. A. can B. could C. am D. was 10. —______ there any milk in the fridge? —No, there ______. A. Is; isn't B. Are; aren't C. Can; can't D. Do; don't 二、用be动词(am/is/are)或can的适当形式填空 1. She ______ a good student. She ______ always get good grades. 2. ______ you help me with my homework? 3. There ______ some water in the bottle. 4. I ______ not sure if he will come. 5. They ______ able to play football now. 三、句型转换 1. I can ride a bike. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) 2. There is a dog under the tree. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) 3. He is good at math. (用can改写句子) 七、综合练习 (一)单项选择 1.What's your ______ animal? A. favourite B. like C. love 2.Why do you like pandas? ______ they're cute. A. So B. Because C. And 3.Where ______ lions from? A. am B. is C. are 4.I don't like tigers ______ they're scary. A. but B. because C. or 5.The giraffe has a very long ______. A. neck B. nose C. ear 6.How many ______ are there in the zoo? A. wolf B. wolfs C. wolves 7.Can a penguin ______ fast? A. swim B. swims C. swimming 8.We should ______ the animals in danger. A. care about B. care of C. take care (二)用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.There are many ______ (fox) in the forest. 2.I like ______ (monkey) because they are clever. 3.The ______ (wolf) are very dangerous. 4.These ______ (giraffe) have long necks. 5.She doesn't like ______ (snake) at all. (三)根据汉语提示完成句子 1.你最喜欢的动物是什么? What's your ______ ______? 2.大象来自哪里? Where ______ ______ from? 3.我喜欢熊猫因为它们很可爱。 I like pandas ______ they are very ______. 4.我们应该照顾好动物。 We should ______ ______ ______ the animals well. 5.鲨鱼看起来很吓人。 ______ look very ______. (四)句型转换 1.I like lions because they're strong. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ you like lions? 2.The penguins are from Antarctica. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the penguins from? 3.He likes monkeys. (改为否定句) He ______ ______ monkeys. 9 / 16 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 1 Animal Friends 单元核心知识点精讲精练(词汇、句型、语音、语法) -【帮课堂】2024-2025学年七年级英语下册同步学与练(人教版2024)
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Unit 1 Animal Friends 单元核心知识点精讲精练(词汇、句型、语音、语法) -【帮课堂】2024-2025学年七年级英语下册同步学与练(人教版2024)
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Unit 1 Animal Friends 单元核心知识点精讲精练(词汇、句型、语音、语法) -【帮课堂】2024-2025学年七年级英语下册同步学与练(人教版2024)
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