第05讲 非谓语动词 （讲义）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（安徽专用）

第05讲 非谓语动词 目录 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 3 考点一 动词不定式 4 1.【不定式】在句中充当成分 4 2.非谓语「不带to」的不定式： 4 3.不定式口诀 5 4.不定式作主语 5 5.不定式作宾语 5 6.不定式作宾语补足语 5 7.不定式作定语 6 8.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,构成“疑问句+不定式”结构 6 9.常见的一些后跟不带to的动词不定式结构 6 考点二.动名词 6 1.【动名词】在句中充当成分 7 2.动名词变化规则 7 3.动名词口决 7 考点三.分词 8 一、分词的构成 8 二、现在分词的句法功能 8 1.作定语 8 2.作表语 8 3.作宾语补足语 8 4.现在分词作状语 8 三、过去分词的句法功能 9 1.作定语 9 2.作表语 9 3.作宾语补足语 9 4.作状语 9 四．区别同时+to do和+doing的词汇： 9 考点四.非谓语对比 9 考点五.非谓语高频考点集锦 10 分层训练·巩固提升 11 基础巩固 11 能力提升 18 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 非谓语动词 动词不定式 近10年未考查 非谓语动词的考点常以单项选择、完形填空、词汇填空的形式进行考查 动名词、现在分词‌ · 过去分层 · 1. “谓语”的理解：动作【V】 例句：I go to school.（谓语动词）—— I go to school and study.（并列谓语） 2.“非谓语”的理解：例句：I go to school to study. 3.非谓语的分类： 不定式：to do sth 、not to do（否定）→ 今日重点 动名词：doing sth 、not doing sth（否定） 现在分词：doing sth 、not doing sth（否定） 过去分词：done sth 、not done sth（否定） 考点一 动词不定式 1.【不定式】在句中充当成分 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。 不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面 表语 My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等 宾语 I wish to speak to the manager. 我想跟经理说话。 只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语 宾补 She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我在课上不要讲汉语。 在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗? 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面 状语 I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。 I went to the library to study English.(表目的) 我去图书馆学英语了。 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致 2.非谓语「不带to」的不定式： 一感+二听+三让+四看+半帮助 feel；hear；listen to；make；let；have；see；watch；notice；observe；help 3.不定式口诀 计划要求去学习：intend，plan，mean，demand，learn 假装准备提申请：pretend，prepare，offer，apply 询问目的再决定：ask，aim，decide 希望选择不拒绝：wish，hope，expect，choose，refuse 碰巧失败担不起：happen，fail，afford 渴望设法再同意：desire，manage，agree，promise 4.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如: To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如: It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。 5.不定式作宾语 ①一些谓语动词后能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:would like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如: Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗? ②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如: I find it easy to read English every day. 6.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机。 tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补。这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但变被动语态时,必须加上to。如: My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 7.不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系。 ②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如: There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。 8.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,构成“疑问句+不定式”结构 在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 如The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。 He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go = where he should go) 9.常见的一些后跟不带to的动词不定式结构 Why not do...,Why don’t you do...,had better do...,would rather do,could/would/will you please do... I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。 考点二.动名词 1.【动名词】在句中充当成分 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多对你的健康有害。 有时可用it作形式主语 宾 语 动词 宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为 介词 宾语 Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是被用来寄信的。 / 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语 定语 She is in the reading room. 她在阅览室里。 We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于所修饰词之前 2.动名词变化规则 1.直接+ing 2.不发音e结尾，去e+ing 3.重读闭音节，辅元辅结构，双写末字母+ing 4. ie变y+ing 3.动名词口决 想要成功要练习：feel like，succeed，practice 建议不逃不延期：suggest，escape，delay 坚持喜欢忍受嫉：keep，enjoy，stand，envy 承认错过免介意：admit，miss，avoid，mind 完成冒险不否定：finish，complete，risk，deny 考点三.分词 一、分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词基本形式是“动词原形+-ing ”;过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。 二、现在分词的句法功能 1.作定语 当分词单独作定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语作定语,放在名词后。如: China is one of the developing countries.中国是发展中国家之一。 The man speaking to the teacher is my father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我的父亲。 2.作表语 表示主语所具有的特征。现在分词作表语通常可以用very或quite来修饰,动名词则不能。如: Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(其中的believing是动名词,不能用very/quite来修饰) 3.作宾语补足语 能带现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有:see,feel,watch,look at, notice, hear, keep, find, get, listen to, have等。如: You often see musicians performing in the streets.你经常看到音乐家在街上演奏。 4.现在分词作状语 现在分词在句中可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步等。 ①作时间状语。如: Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.听到那个消息,她忍不住哭了。 ②作原因状语。如: Being sick, I stayed at home.我因病待在家中。 三、过去分词的句法功能 1.作定语 I want to talk with the boy named Jim.我想和一个叫吉姆的男孩说话。 2.作表语 The window is broken.窗户破了。 3.作宾语补足语 I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 4.作状语 Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。 四．区别同时+to do和+doing的词汇： try to do 努力；try doing 尝试 mean to do 打算，mean doing 意味着 can't help to do 不能帮助；can't help doing 情不自禁 regret，forget；remember【to do表示未做；doing表示已做】； stop；continue【to do表示另一事；doing表示同一件事】； want，need，require【to do表示主动，doing表示被动】， like，love，hate【to do表示具体；doing表示习惯】等。 begin/start to do【一般可互换，但是主语是物/表示心理状态的动词，只to do】 考点四.非谓语对比 1.非谓语用法（句子成分的分析） 【不定式】：主语；宾语；表语；定语；状语；补语（具体；未做） 【动名词 】：主语；宾语；表语；定语（表作用） 【现在分词】：表语；定语；状语；补语（伴随；主动） 【过去分词】：表语；定语；状语；补语（已做；被动） 2.不定式作状语：（表目的；结状；原状） 分词作状语→逻辑主语和从句的主语一致！！！ ①主动—现在分词—现在分词完成式、现在分词完成被动式； ②被动—过去分词 考点五.非谓语高频考点集锦 1. stop to do sth 停下来去做....、stop doing sth 停下正在做.... 2. 说谎lie ： lied ~ lied ~ lying 躺，位于lie: lay ~ lain~ lying 下蛋：lay : laid ~ laid ~ laying 3. had better (not) do sth 最好（不）做.... 【 'd better 一般缩写 】 4. have sth done ❶请人做...【 I have my hair cut .】 ❷遭受 【 I have my wallet stolen.】 5. forget / remember to do sth【未做】 ⚠️ forget / remember doing sth【已做】 6. warn sb【not】to do sth 警告某人不做....【warning警告n.】 7. feel like doing sth = want to do sth = would like to do 想要做.... 8. 主动：make sb do sth 使某人做.... → 被动：be made to do sth 被要求做... 9. be adj /adv enough ...to do sth足够.....做...【 live in 居住...不省略in】 10. 介词+doing 【动名词理解】 11. be busy doing sth = be busy with sth 忙于做...... 12. ask sb【not】to do sth 叫某人不做.... 13. go on = continue继续【 to do 继续另一件事】【 doing继续同一件事】 14. have some/ no time to do sth 有/无时间做.... 15. stop....【from】doing sth 阻止做 = prevent / keep....from doing sth 16. protect...from doing 保护...免受.... 17. see / watch / notice /hear sb do stnlh 看/听到某人做...【平时/全过程】 see / watch / notice /hear sb doing sth 看/听到某人做...【正在做】 表被动：be seen/watched /heard/noticed to do sth 18. I do what I can to help (help) you. → 表目的 19. There be sb doing sth 有某人正在做... 20. 疑问词+ to do ，what to do 做什么，how to do sth 21. the best way to do sth 做....的最好方式 22. It is adj for sb to do sth【adj是形容sth】做....对某人来说.... It is adj of sb to do sth【adj是形容sb】做....对某人来说.... I think / find + it adj for sb to do sth【adj是形容sth】做....对某人来说.... I think / find + it adj of sb to do sth【adj是形容sb】做....对某人来说.... 23. Why not do sth ? = Why don't you do sth ....为什么不.... 24. Would / Will you please ....+【not】V原... 25. try to do sth 尽力做....try doing sth 尝试做.....【 not 在非谓语前面】 26. be late for school / work 迟到... 27. start / begin with ...以...为首 28. I have something to eat. 【 不定式作后置定语 】 29. borrow sth from sb 【借进来】lend sth to sb 【借出去】 30. can't help to do sth 不能帮助做.... can't help doing sth 情不自禁做.. 扩展： can't help but do sth 不得不做.... 31. mind【物主代词】doing sth介意做某事 Would you mind my /me opening the window? 32. be worth doing sth 值得做...【be worthy of doing sth 】 33. say + 具体内容，speak + 语言，tell 告知，talk 交谈【互动性】 34. spend on sth / doing / with sb 35. finish doing sth = complete doing sth完成做.... 基础巩固 一、单项选择 1．（2024·安徽芜湖·一模）The Smiths are considering ________ to England because they ________ the cold weather there. A．not moving; didn’t use to B．not moving; aren’t used to C．not to move, didn’t use to D．not to move; aren’t used to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：史密斯一家正在考虑不去英国，因为他们不习惯那里的寒冷天气。 考查非谓语动词及动词短语。used to do sth.意为“过去常做某事”，其否定形式为didn’t use to do sth.；be used to sth.“习惯于某事”，其否定形式在be动词后加not。句中第一空，根据空前considering可知，此处考查consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，所以此处应用动名词moving作宾语，排除C和D；第二空，根据空后“the cold weather”可知，此处是指不习惯寒冷的天气，用be used to，排除A。故选B。 2．（22-23九年级上·全国·单元测试）There is only one old book with a few pages _______ on his desk. A．missed B．going C．missing D．losing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的桌子上只有一本少了几页的旧书。 考查非谓语动词。missed错过，过去式或过去分词；going去，现在分词/动名词；missing丢失，现在分词/动名词；losing损失。空处缺少现在分词作pages的后置定语，书页遗失使用动词miss，这里应该用missing，故选C。 3．（2024·四川·中考真题）—What are you going to do this summer vacation? —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个暑假你打算做什么？——我计划去杭州看望我的堂兄。 考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 4．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night. A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息，我昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索信息”的目的是“了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选A。 5．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在20到30分钟内吃完一顿饭被普遍认为是理想的吃饭时间。 考查动名词辨析。sporting体育运动；shopping购物；dressing穿衣服；eating吃。根据“Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes”可知，是指吃饭的时间。故选D。 6．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师们过去常常在黑板上写关键点，但现在他们习惯于通过PPT展示。 考查非谓语动词。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”，可排除BD选项；get used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”，可排除C选项。故选A。 7．（2024·西藏·中考真题）I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives. A．making B．make C．makes D．made 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为在新年伊始制定新年计划是改善我们生活的好方法。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，think后接宾语从句，此空在从句中作主语，应填动名词，故选A。 8．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 【答案】D 【详解】句意：通过阅读公共标志，他毫不费力地找到了购物中心。 考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”。故选D。 9．（2024·天津·中考真题）People may use different body language _________ the same feelings. A．show B．to show C．showed D．shows 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人们可能会用不同的肢体语言来表达同样的感受。 考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”，使用动词不定式，故选B。 10．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国为帮助其他国家建设高速铁路做出了巨大努力。 考查非谓语动词。make great efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，应用动词不定式。故选B。 11．（2024·云南·中考真题）Our headmaster will invite a scientist ________ us a speech on space technology. A．give B．given          C．giving D．to give 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的校长将邀请一位科学家为我们做一次关于空间技术的演讲。 考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。 12．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents? —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——爸爸，中秋节就要到了。你能告诉我给爷爷奶奶买什么吗？——你可以给他们买一些月饼、水果和鲜花。 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。根据答语“You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.”可知，询问应该买什么，故选B。 二、单词拼写 13．（2024·安徽合肥·三模）Here are some important documents I want you to s (签署). 【答案】(s)ign 【详解】句意：这是我想让你签署的一些重要文件。sign意为“签署”，动词；want sb to do sth“想要某人做某事”。故填(s)ign。 14．（2024·安徽芜湖·一模）Thank you for r (提醒) us not to swim here. 【答案】(r)eminding 【详解】句意：谢谢你提醒我们不要在这里游泳。根据中英文提示可知，提醒“remind”；感谢某人做某事thank sb. for doing sth，for后面的动词需要用动名词形式，所以reminding“提醒”，符合题意。故填(r)eminding。 15．（2024·安徽宿州·二模）I’m sorry that I’m too busy to c (比较) the two reports before the meeting. 【答案】(c)ompare 【详解】句意：对不起，我太忙了，不能在会前比较这两份报告。too…to“太……而不能”，后接动词原形；compare“比较”，动词。故填(c)ompare。 16．（2024·安徽蚌埠·三模）If the plan fails, we’ll have to come up with another one to s (解决) the problem. 【答案】(s)olve 【详解】句意：如果这个计划失败了，我们将不得不想出另一个来解决这个问题。分析句子结构可知，句中是不定式作目的状语，故空格处需填动词原形；solve解决，动词，符合题意。故填(s)olve。 17．（2024·安徽淮北·三模）Betty likes to r (放松) herself by listening to music when she feels stressed. 【答案】(r)elax 【详解】句意：当贝蒂感到压力时，她喜欢通过听音乐来放松自己。“放松”relax。like to do sth“喜欢做某事”，故填(r)elax。 18．（2024·安徽·三模）Every child is an artist. The problem is how to r (保持) an artist once he grows up. 【答案】(r)emain 【详解】句意：每个孩子都是一个艺术家。问题是在他长大后如何继续成为一名艺术家。结合首字母“r”和汉语提示可知，remain“保持”，动词；根据空前不定式符号to可知，此处应用动词原形。故填(r)emain。 19．（2024·安徽·模拟预测）The child is tired after studying for a long time, and he needs time to r (休息). 【答案】(r)est 【详解】句意：孩子学习了很长时间后很累，他需要时间休息。休息：rest，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(r)est。 20．（2024·安徽滁州·三模）Planning things carefully ahead is better than r (后悔) later. 【答案】(r)egretting 【详解】句意：提前仔细计划总比事后后悔好。regret“后悔”；“than”后接动名词，“regret”的动名词是“regretting”。故填(r)egretting。 21．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）The scientist tried to d (挖掘) deep into the record to get more information. 【答案】(d)ig 【详解】句意：这位科学家试图深入研究记录以获得更多的信息。根据“tried to ... deep into the record”和首字母以及汉语提示可知，此处应用dig表示“挖掘”，try to do sth.“尝试去做某事”，所以空格处应填动词原形。故填(d)ig。 22．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Everyone makes mistakes, but it’s important to c (改正) them in time. 【答案】(c)orrect 【详解】句意：每个人都会犯错，但重要的是要及时改正。根据中文及首字母可知，此处应用correct“改正”，动词；分析句子可知，此处是it固定句型：it’s+形容词+to do sth.“做某事是……的”。故填(c)orrect。 23．（2024·安徽·三模）It’s a good way of m (做标记) the useful information while reading. 【答案】(m)arking 【详解】句意：这是阅读时标记有用信息的好方法。结合首字母“m”和汉语提示可知，mark“做标记”，动词；根据空前介词of可知，此处应用动名词形式marking作宾语。故填(m)arking。 24．（2024·安徽合肥·一模）It s important to learn to g (猜测) the meanings of new words. 【答案】(g)uess 【详解】句意：学习猜测新单词的意思是很重要的。根据所给英语句子以及汉语提示可知，此处为It固定句型，It is+adj. to do sth.“做某事是怎样的”，it为形式主语，真正的主语为to do不定式，因此用guess“猜测”。故填(g)uess。 25．（2024·安徽合肥·一模）The couple tried their best to r (养育) their child. 【答案】(r)aise 【详解】句意：这对夫妇尽了最大的努力抚养孩子。raise“养育”，动词，空前有动词不定式符号，动词用原形。故填(r)aise。 26．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）My mother often tells me to try to (解决) problems by myself. 【答案】solve 【详解】句意：我妈妈经常告诉我要试着自己解决问题。solve“解决”，try to do“试着做”，故填solve。 27．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）To avoid w (浪费) food, our school held a “Clear Your Plate” activity. 【答案】(w)asting 【详解】句意：为了避免浪费食物，我们学校举办了“光盘”活动。根据首字母和汉语提示，应填waste；再根据avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”可知，应用动名词。故填(w)asting。 28．（2024·安徽池州·三模）Many people want to a (参加) Zhang Guimei’s speech about her teaching life. 【答案】(a)ttend 【详解】句意：许多人想听张桂梅关于她的教学生活的演讲。attend“参加”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，故填(a)ttend。 29．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Learning to t (对待) everyone fairly is an important lesson for us. 【答案】(t)reat 【详解】句意：学会公平地对待每个人对我们来说是很重要的一课。根据首字母及中文意思可知，此处是treat“对待”，动词；learn to do sth.“学会做某事”，固定短语。故填(t)reat。 30．（2024·安徽安庆·二模）In order to save time, we should get everything ready before p (打包). 【答案】(p)acking 【详解】句意：为了节省时间，我们应该在打包前把一切准备好。pack“打包”，动词；根据空前的介词“before”可知，此处应用动名词形式，作宾语。故填(p)acking。 31．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Bob is always trying to i (发明) new toys for his dog to play with. 【答案】(i)nvent 【详解】句意：鲍勃总是尝试为他的狗发明新的玩具。根据单词和首字母提示可知，此处是意为“发明”的英文，invent“发明”；由于try to do sth“尝试干某事”，空处应填动词原形invent。故填(i)nvent。 32．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）My parents always teach me to f (面对) the difficulties bravely. 【答案】(f)ace 【详解】句意：我父母总是教我勇敢面对困难。面对：face，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(f)ace。 33．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Being honest will provide more possibilities to b (建立) good relationships with people around you. 【答案】(b)uild 【详解】句意：诚实会为你和周围的人建立良好的关系并提供更多的可能性。根据汉语提示“建立”可知，其对应的英文表达是build，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填(b)uild。 34．（2024·安徽合肥·一模）The students are allowed to b (借) three books from the library at a time. 【答案】(b)orrow 【详解】句意：学生们被允许一次从图书馆借三本书。borrow“借”，be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，故填(b)orrow。 35．（2024·安徽阜阳·二模）It is not polite to enter a room without k (敲；击) at the door first. 【答案】(k)nocking 【详解】句意：不先敲门就进房间是不礼貌的。knock“敲”，是动词，空前的without是介词，后接动名词形式，故填(k)nocking。 36．（2024·安徽合肥·一模）It’s bad to p (倾倒) their dirty water outside. 【答案】(p)our 【详解】句意：把他们的脏水倒在外面是不好的。pour“倾倒”，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填(p)our。 37．（2024·安徽·二模）The monitor was happy to g (带领) us across the playground to the dining hall. 【答案】(g)uide 【详解】句意：班长很高兴地带领我们穿过操场到达餐厅。根据所给出的中文提示和首字母可知该空填的是动词guide，不定式符号to后用动词原形。故填(g)uide。 38．（2024·安徽合肥·一模）If you stick to the truth, you’ve nothing to f (害怕). 【答案】(f)ear 【详解】句意：如果你坚持真理，你就没有什么可害怕的。to后接动词原形。“害怕”fear。故填(f)ear。 39．（2024·安徽滁州·一模）We are trying to take measures to p (阻止) campus bullying (校园欺凌). 【答案】(p)revent 【详解】句意：我们正试图采取措施防止校园欺凌。根据首字母和中文提示可知，此处应该填prevent，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(p)revent。 40．（2024·安徽·一模）The little boy thought of a good idea to w (称) the elephant in the end. 【答案】(w)eigh 【详解】句意：这个小男孩最后想出了一个称大象的好主意。动词weigh“称”在动词不定式符号to后面用动词原形。故填(w)eigh。 能力提升 I grew up in a village. It helped me learn more labor（劳动） skills than my classmates in cities. The first 1 was making noodles. Since my parents often came home very late, I prepared noodles so that my family would have 2 sooner. I often saw my mom do it so I thought I could make noodles 3 . But it turned out to be a mess. First I made the noodles too hard. Then I made it too 4 . But as I kept trying, I learned the skill. Now I cook every meal instead of 5 food on apps and it saves money. Besides, I learn to plant 6 . The experience taught me things. For example, carrots and potatoes grow under the ground. It is a 7 that my friends from the city don't know these in their lives. Some might say we can learn from books. But it can't 8 the joy of watching plants grow. It brings a new way to look at the world. You'll 9 everything on your plate. This may be why I'm so 10 to hear that labor education will be required. Students will have a chance to learn skills like cooking and cleaning. Trust me. These useful skills will help you. 1．A. lesson B. skill C. subject D. activity 2．A. breakfast B. lunch C. dinner D. snacks 3．A. slowly B. carefully C. freely D. easily 4．A. difficult B. soft C. different D. ugly 5．A. ordering B. eating C. making D. selling 6．A. fruits B. trees C. vegetables D. flowers 7．A. pleasure B. pity C. practice D. pain 8．A. ask for B. go against C. compare to D. depend on 9．A. value B. buy C. refuse D. waste 10．A. nervous B. calm C. worried D. happy 本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者学习劳动技能的经历，以及对学生学习劳动技能的一些认识和看法。 [答案]1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D [解析] 1．lesson课程；skill技能；subject学科；activity活动。根据上文“It helped me learn more labor skills than my classmates in cities.”可知，此处指第一项技能，故选B。 2．breakfast早餐；lunch午餐；dinner晚餐；snack小吃。根据“Since my parents often came home very late”可知这里说的是晚餐，故选C。 3．slowly慢慢地；carefully仔细地；freely自由地；easily容易地。根据“I often saw my mom do it”可知，因为作者经常看妈妈做面条，所以认为很容易做，故选D。 4．difficult困难的；soft柔软的；different不同的；ugly丑陋的。根据前一句“First I made the noodles too hard.”可知，作者先是把面条做得太硬，然后又做得太软，这里的soft和前一句中的hard相对应，故选B。 5．根据“food on apps”可知，这里指在应用程序上点餐（order food），故选A。 6．根据下文“For example, carrots and potatoes grow under the ground.”可知，这里说的是种植蔬菜，故选C。 7．pleasure愉快；pity遗憾；practice练习；pain疼痛。根据上文中的“The experience taught me things.”可知，劳动的经历教会作者很多东西，但城市里的朋友们不知道这些，所以作者认为有点遗憾，故选B。 8．ask for要求；go against违背；compare to与……相比；depend on依靠。根据前一句“Some might say we can learn from books.”可知，这里是将从书中学习知识这件事和看着植物生长的乐趣进行对比，故选C。 9．value珍视；buy买；refuse拒绝；waste浪费。根据空后的“everything on your plate”并结合上文可知，此处指你会珍惜盘子里的东西，故选A。 10．nervous紧张的；calm平静的；worried担心的；happy开心的。根据下文“Students will have a chance to learn skills like cooking and cleaning.”可知，作者很赞成学生学习一些劳动技能，所以听到要求学生接受劳动教育这件事就很开心，故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第05讲 非谓语动词 目录 考情透视·目标导航 2 知识导图·思维引航 3 考点突破·考法探究 3 考点一 动词不定式 4 1.【不定式】在句中充当成分 4 2.非谓语「不带to」的不定式： 4 3.不定式口诀 5 4.不定式作主语 5 5.不定式作宾语 5 6.不定式作宾语补足语 5 7.不定式作定语 6 8.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,构成“疑问句+不定式”结构 6 9.常见的一些后跟不带to的动词不定式结构 6 考点二.动名词 6 1.【动名词】在句中充当成分 7 2.动名词变化规则 7 3.动名词口决 7 考点三.分词 8 一、分词的构成 8 二、现在分词的句法功能 8 1.作定语 8 2.作表语 8 3.作宾语补足语 8 4.现在分词作状语 8 三、过去分词的句法功能 9 1.作定语 9 2.作表语 9 3.作宾语补足语 9 4.作状语 9 四．区别同时+to do和+doing的词汇： 9 考点四.非谓语对比 9 考点五.非谓语高频考点集锦 10 分层训练·巩固提升 11 基础巩固 11 能力提升 18 考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测 非谓语动词 动词不定式 近10年未考查 非谓语动词的考点常以单项选择、完形填空、词汇填空的形式进行考查 动名词、现在分词‌ · 过去分层 · 1. “谓语”的理解：动作【V】 例句：I go to school.（谓语动词）—— I go to school and study.（并列谓语） 2.“非谓语”的理解：例句：I go to school to study. 3.非谓语的分类： 不定式：to do sth 、not to do（否定）→ 今日重点 动名词：doing sth 、not doing sth（否定） 现在分词：doing sth 、not doing sth（否定） 过去分词：done sth 、not done sth（否定） 考点一 动词不定式 1.【不定式】在句中充当成分 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。 不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面 表语 My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等 宾语 I wish to speak to the manager. 我想跟经理说话。 只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语 宾补 She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我在课上不要讲汉语。 在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗? 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面 状语 I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。 I went to the library to study English.(表目的) 我去图书馆学英语了。 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致 2.非谓语「不带to」的不定式： 一感+二听+三让+四看+半帮助 feel；hear；listen to；make；let；have；see；watch；notice；observe；help 3.不定式口诀 计划要求去学习：intend，plan，mean，demand，learn 假装准备提申请：pretend，prepare，offer，apply 询问目的再决定：ask，aim，decide 希望选择不拒绝：wish，hope，expect，choose，refuse 碰巧失败担不起：happen，fail，afford 渴望设法再同意：desire，manage，agree，promise 4.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如: To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如: It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。 5.不定式作宾语 ①一些谓语动词后能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:would like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如: Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗? ②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如: I find it easy to read English every day. 6.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他关小收音机。 tell,ask,want,allow,get,would like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如: My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补。这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但变被动语态时,必须加上to。如: My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 7.不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系。 ②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如: There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。 8.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,构成“疑问句+不定式”结构 在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 如The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。 He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go = where he should go) 9.常见的一些后跟不带to的动词不定式结构 Why not do...,Why don’t you do...,had better do...,would rather do,could/would/will you please do... I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。 考点二.动名词 1.【动名词】在句中充当成分 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多对你的健康有害。 有时可用it作形式主语 宾 语 动词 宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜欢打篮球。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为 介词 宾语 Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是被用来寄信的。 / 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语 定语 She is in the reading room. 她在阅览室里。 We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于所修饰词之前 2.动名词变化规则 1.直接+ing 2.不发音e结尾，去e+ing 3.重读闭音节，辅元辅结构，双写末字母+ing 4. ie变y+ing 3.动名词口决 想要成功要练习：feel like，succeed，practice 建议不逃不延期：suggest，escape，delay 坚持喜欢忍受嫉：keep，enjoy，stand，envy 承认错过免介意：admit，miss，avoid，mind 完成冒险不否定：finish，complete，risk，deny 考点三.分词 一、分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词基本形式是“动词原形+-ing ”;过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。 二、现在分词的句法功能 1.作定语 当分词单独作定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语作定语,放在名词后。如: China is one of the developing countries.中国是发展中国家之一。 The man speaking to the teacher is my father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我的父亲。 2.作表语 表示主语所具有的特征。现在分词作表语通常可以用very或quite来修饰,动名词则不能。如: Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(其中的believing是动名词,不能用very/quite来修饰) 3.作宾语补足语 能带现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有:see,feel,watch,look at, notice, hear, keep, find, get, listen to, have等。如: You often see musicians performing in the streets.你经常看到音乐家在街上演奏。 4.现在分词作状语 现在分词在句中可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步等。 ①作时间状语。如: Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.听到那个消息,她忍不住哭了。 ②作原因状语。如: Being sick, I stayed at home.我因病待在家中。 三、过去分词的句法功能 1.作定语 I want to talk with the boy named Jim.我想和一个叫吉姆的男孩说话。 2.作表语 The window is broken.窗户破了。 3.作宾语补足语 I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 4.作状语 Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。 四．区别同时+to do和+doing的词汇： try to do 努力；try doing 尝试 mean to do 打算，mean doing 意味着 can't help to do 不能帮助；can't help doing 情不自禁 regret，forget；remember【to do表示未做；doing表示已做】； stop；continue【to do表示另一事；doing表示同一件事】； want，need，require【to do表示主动，doing表示被动】， like，love，hate【to do表示具体；doing表示习惯】等。 begin/start to do【一般可互换，但是主语是物/表示心理状态的动词，只to do】 考点四.非谓语对比 1.非谓语用法（句子成分的分析） 【不定式】：主语；宾语；表语；定语；状语；补语（具体；未做） 【动名词 】：主语；宾语；表语；定语（表作用） 【现在分词】：表语；定语；状语；补语（伴随；主动） 【过去分词】：表语；定语；状语；补语（已做；被动） 2.不定式作状语：（表目的；结状；原状） 分词作状语→逻辑主语和从句的主语一致！！！ ①主动—现在分词—现在分词完成式、现在分词完成被动式； ②被动—过去分词 考点五.非谓语高频考点集锦 1. stop to do sth 停下来去做....、stop doing sth 停下正在做.... 2. 说谎lie ： lied ~ lied ~ lying 躺，位于lie: lay ~ lain~ lying 下蛋：lay : laid ~ laid ~ laying 3. had better (not) do sth 最好（不）做.... 【 'd better 一般缩写 】 4. have sth done ❶请人做...【 I have my hair cut .】 ❷遭受 【 I have my wallet stolen.】 5. forget / remember to do sth【未做】 ⚠️ forget / remember doing sth【已做】 6. warn sb【not】to do sth 警告某人不做....【warning警告n.】 7. feel like doing sth = want to do sth = would like to do 想要做.... 8. 主动：make sb do sth 使某人做.... → 被动：be made to do sth 被要求做... 9. be adj /adv enough ...to do sth足够.....做...【 live in 居住...不省略in】 10. 介词+doing 【动名词理解】 11. be busy doing sth = be busy with sth 忙于做...... 12. ask sb【not】to do sth 叫某人不做.... 13. go on = continue继续【 to do 继续另一件事】【 doing继续同一件事】 14. have some/ no time to do sth 有/无时间做.... 15. stop....【from】doing sth 阻止做 = prevent / keep....from doing sth 16. protect...from doing 保护...免受.... 17. see / watch / notice /hear sb do stnlh 看/听到某人做...【平时/全过程】 see / watch / notice /hear sb doing sth 看/听到某人做...【正在做】 表被动：be seen/watched /heard/noticed to do sth 18. I do what I can to help (help) you. → 表目的 19. There be sb doing sth 有某人正在做... 20. 疑问词+ to do ，what to do 做什么，how to do sth 21. the best way to do sth 做....的最好方式 22. It is adj for sb to do sth【adj是形容sth】做....对某人来说.... It is adj of sb to do sth【adj是形容sb】做....对某人来说.... I think / find + it adj for sb to do sth【adj是形容sth】做....对某人来说.... I think / find + it adj of sb to do sth【adj是形容sb】做....对某人来说.... 23. Why not do sth ? = Why don't you do sth ....为什么不.... 24. Would / Will you please ....+【not】V原... 25. try to do sth 尽力做....try doing sth 尝试做.....【 not 在非谓语前面】 26. be late for school / work 迟到... 27. start / begin with ...以...为首 28. I have something to eat. 【 不定式作后置定语 】 29. borrow sth from sb 【借进来】lend sth to sb 【借出去】 30. can't help to do sth 不能帮助做.... can't help doing sth 情不自禁做.. 扩展： can't help but do sth 不得不做.... 31. mind【物主代词】doing sth介意做某事 Would you mind my /me opening the window? 32. be worth doing sth 值得做...【be worthy of doing sth 】 33. say + 具体内容，speak + 语言，tell 告知，talk 交谈【互动性】 34. spend on sth / doing / with sb 35. finish doing sth = complete doing sth完成做.... 基础巩固 一、单项选择 1．（2024·安徽芜湖·一模）The Smiths are considering ________ to England because they ________ the cold weather there. A．not moving; didn’t use to B．not moving; aren’t used to C．not to move, didn’t use to D．not to move; aren’t used to 2．（22-23九年级上·全国·单元测试）There is only one old book with a few pages _______ on his desk. A．missed B．going C．missing D．losing 3．（2024·四川·中考真题）—What are you going to do this summer vacation? —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 4．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night. A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn 5．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 6．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs. A．write; showing B．writing; show C．write; show D．writing; showing 7．（2024·西藏·中考真题）I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives. A．making B．make C．makes D．made 8．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 9．（2024·天津·中考真题）People may use different body language _________ the same feelings. A．show B．to show C．showed D．shows 10．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 11．（2024·云南·中考真题）Our headmaster will invite a scientist ________ us a speech on space technology. A．give B．given          C．giving D．to give 12．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents? —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them. A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy 二、单词拼写 13．（2024·安徽合肥·三模）Here are some important documents I want you to s (签署). 14．（2024·安徽芜湖·一模）Thank you for r (提醒) us not to swim here. 15．（2024·安徽宿州·二模）I’m sorry that I’m too busy to c (比较) the two reports before the meeting. 16．（2024·安徽蚌埠·三模）If the plan fails, we’ll have to come up with another one to s (解决) the problem. 17．（2024·安徽淮北·三模）Betty likes to r (放松) herself by listening to music when she feels stressed. 18．（2024·安徽·三模）Every child is an artist. The problem is how to r (保持) an artist once he grows up. 19．（2024·安徽·模拟预测）The child is tired after studying for a long time, and he needs time to r (休息). 20．（2024·安徽滁州·三模）Planning things carefully ahead is better than r (后悔) later. 21．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）The scientist tried to d (挖掘) deep into the record to get more information. 22．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Everyone makes mistakes, but it’s important to c (改正) them in time. 23．（2024·安徽·三模）It’s a good way of m (做标记) the useful information while reading. 24．（2024·安徽合肥·一模）It s important to learn to g (猜测) the meanings of new words. 25．（2024·安徽合肥·一模）The couple tried their best to r (养育) their child. 26．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）My mother often tells me to try to (解决) problems by myself. 27．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）To avoid w (浪费) food, our school held a “Clear Your Plate” activity. 28．（2024·安徽池州·三模）Many people want to a (参加) Zhang Guimei’s speech about her teaching life. 29．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Learning to t (对待) everyone fairly is an important lesson for us. 30．（2024·安徽安庆·二模）In order to save time, we should get everything ready before p (打包). 31．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Bob is always trying to i (发明) new toys for his dog to play with. 32．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）My parents always teach me to f (面对) the difficulties bravely. 33．（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Being honest will provide more possibilities to b (建立) good relationships with people around you. 34．（2024·安徽合肥·一模）The students are allowed to b (借) three books from the library at a time. 35．（2024·安徽阜阳·二模）It is not polite to enter a room without k (敲；击) at the door first. 36．（2024·安徽合肥·一模）It’s bad to p (倾倒) their dirty water outside. 37．（2024·安徽·二模）The monitor was happy to g (带领) us across the playground to the dining hall. 38．（2024·安徽合肥·一模）If you stick to the truth, you’ve nothing to f (害怕). 39．（2024·安徽滁州·一模）We are trying to take measures to p (阻止) campus bullying (校园欺凌). 40．（2024·安徽·一模）The little boy thought of a good idea to w (称) the elephant in the end. 能力提升 I grew up in a village. It helped me learn more labor（劳动） skills than my classmates in cities. The first 1 was making noodles. Since my parents often came home very late, I prepared noodles so that my family would have 2 sooner. I often saw my mom do it so I thought I could make noodles 3 . But it turned out to be a mess. First I made the noodles too hard. Then I made it too 4 . But as I kept trying, I learned the skill. Now I cook every meal instead of 5 food on apps and it saves money. Besides, I learn to plant 6 . The experience taught me things. For example, carrots and potatoes grow under the ground. It is a 7 that my friends from the city don't know these in their lives. Some might say we can learn from books. But it can't 8 the joy of watching plants grow. It brings a new way to look at the world. You'll 9 everything on your plate. This may be why I'm so 10 to hear that labor education will be required. Students will have a chance to learn skills like cooking and cleaning. Trust me. These useful skills will help you. 1．A. lesson B. skill C. subject D. activity 2．A. breakfast B. lunch C. dinner D. snacks 3．A. slowly B. carefully C. freely D. easily 4．A. difficult B. soft C. different D. ugly 5．A. ordering B. eating C. making D. selling 6．A. fruits B. trees C. vegetables D. flowers 7．A. pleasure B. pity C. practice D. pain 8．A. ask for B. go against C. compare to D. depend on 9．A. value B. buy C. refuse D. waste 10．A. nervous B. calm C. worried D. happy 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$