内容正文:
第04讲 动词时态、语态
目录
动词时态 2
考情透视·目标导航 2
知识导图·思维引航 3
考点突破·考法探究 3
一般现在时 4
考点一.一般现在时的用法 4
考点二.与一般现在时连用的时间状语 4
考点三.动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 4
考点四.用一般现在时表示将来的情况 5
一般过去时 5
一般过去时的用法 6
现在进行时 6
考点一.现在进行时的构成 6
考点二.现在进行时的用法 6
考点三.动词现在分词的变化规则 7
过去进行时 7
考点一.过去进行时的用法 8
考点一二一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 8
一般将来时 8
一般将来时的用法 9
现在完成时 10
现在完成时的用法 11
时态专项练习 13
被动语态 20
考情透视·目标导航 20
知识导图·思维引航 20
考点突破·考法探究 21
考点一.被动语态整体结构 21
考点二、被动语态中【主动表示被动】情况 22
考点三.重点词组 22
考点四.常见句型 22
被动语态专项训练 22
分层训练·巩固提升 28
基础巩固 28
能力提升 28
动词时态
考点
课标要求
考查频次
命题预测
动词时态
六种时态用法
10年16考
动词时态考点常以单项选择、完形填空、词汇填空的形式进行考查。
一.定义:不同时间里动词的形态【V】
二.分类:过去时间:一般过去时【平时做】,过去进行时【正在做】,过去完成时【已做完】
现在时间:一般现在时【平时做】,现在进行时【正在做】,现在完成时【已做完】
将来时间:一般将来时【平时做】,将来进行时【正在做】,将来完成时【已做完】
一般现在时
定义:现在经常/平时做的事情【实义动词】
现在的状态 【be动词 → am /is /are】
客观真理,无法改变
结构一:肯定句:主语 + am/is/are +其他
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not +其他
疑问句:Am/is/are +主语 +其他?
结构二:肯定句:主语 + V复/ V单+其他
否定句:主语 + don't / doesn't + V原+其他
疑问句:Do /Does+主语+ V原 其他?
考点一.一般现在时的用法
1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often,always,usually,sometimes,once a week,every day等表示频度的副词或时间状语连用。如:
I often go to school by bike.我经常骑自行车去上学。
2.表示客观事实或普遍真理。如:
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
3.在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如:
There goes the bell.铃响了。
考点二.与一般现在时连用的时间状语
①表示频度的副词always,often,usually,sometimes等。
②on Sundays,on Monday afternoons,every day/week/month/year等时间状语。
③once a year,twice a month,three times a week等表示频率的词组。
考点三.动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则
形式
构成
例词
第三人称
单数形式
在动词原形后加-s
runs,likes
以ch,sh,ss,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-es
teach—teaches
wash—washes
pass—passes
go—goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变i再加-es
study—studies
try—tries
以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-s
stay—stays
play—plays
考点四.用一般现在时表示将来的情况
①表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。如:
We’re going to Changchun.Our plane takes off at 8:10.我们打算去长春。我们的飞机8:10起飞。
②当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until,when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:
If it doesn’t rain this afternoon,we’ll have a football match.如果今天下午不下雨,我们将进行一场足球比赛。
一般过去时
定义:1.过去经常习惯性动作
2.动作过去发生,过去结束
3.过去存在的状态
结构
be动词结构:
1.肯定句:主语+was/were+其他
2.否定句:主语+was/were+not+其他
3.一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+其他?
实义动词结构:
1.肯定句:主语+V过去式+其他
2.否定句:主语+didn't+V原+其他
3.一般疑问句:Did+主语+V原+其他?
V过去式变化规则:
1.+ed 2.不发音e+d 3.辅y → i+ed 4.元y + ed
5.特殊变化:have → had 6.辅元辅结构:双写末字母+ ed
时间词:1.yesterday类 2.ago类 3.last类 4.in+过去年份… 6.just now类 7.in the past
考点一.一般过去时的用法
①表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
I got up at six this morning.今天早上我六点起的床。
We visited the factory last week.上周我们参观了那个工厂。
②表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如:
When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。
现在进行时
考点一.现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由“主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词”构成。
否定形式:主语+am/is/are+not+动词的现在分词
疑问形式:Am/Is/Are+主语+动词的现在分词
肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:No,主语+am/is/are+not.
考点二.现在进行时的用法
①表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如:
—What are you doing?——你在做什么?
—I am reading English.——我在读英语。
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如:
They are studying hard this term.他们这学期学习一直很努力。
③go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如:
I am going to Beijing this Sunday.本周日我打算去北京。
④当时间状语为now,these days等或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,can’t you see之类的暗示词时,要用现在进行时。但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。
a.与感官相关的动词,如see,hear等。
b.表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如like,love等。
c.表示希望的动词,如want,would like等。
d.表示状态的动词,如be等。
e.表示归属的动词,如have等。
f.表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词,如know,forget等。
考点三.动词现在分词的变化规则
形式
构成
例词
现在分词
在动词原形后加-ing
read—reading
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing
live—living
write—writing
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing
sit—sitting
begin—beginning
少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing
die—dying
lie—lying
tie—tying
过去进行时
定义:
表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作
结构:肯定句:主语 + was/were+doing 其他
否定句:主语 + was/were + not+doing其他
疑问句:Was /Were + 主语 + doing + 其他?
疑问词+ was /were + 主语 + doing + 其他?
时间词
at this time yesterday、at that time、at eight last night 、at six yesterday morning....
when /while引导的时间状语从句
↓↓↓ ↓↓↓
A.过去/现在进行时 + while + 过去/现在进行时
B.过去/现在进行时 + when + 一般过去时/一般现在时
考点一.过去进行时的用法
1.表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday等连用。如:
—What were you doing at nine last night?——昨天晚上九点你正在干什么?
—I was watching TV at that time.——那时我正在看电视。
2.注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用:
①主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,主句用过去进行时(从句用一般过去时)。
②从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,从句用过去进行时(主句用一般过去时)。
③若主、从句动作开始的时间不存在先后关系(即同时发生)或无所谓先后时,主从句可同时使用过去进行时,此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。
3.一般过去时和过去进行时的区别
一般来说,如果强调过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过某个(已完成的)动作时应用一般过去时;而如果强调动作在过去某个时候或某段时间内正在进行(是否完成不明确)时则应用过去进行时。
一般将来时
定义:
1.将要发生的动作或存在的状态
2.将来经常发生的动作
3.表示一种倾向或者说话人的揣测
结构:
will类动词结构:
1.肯定句:主语+will+V原+其他
2.否定句:主语+will+not+V原+其他
3.一般疑问句:Will+主语+V原+其他?
be going to动词结构:
1.肯定句:主语+be going to +V原+其他
2.否定句:主语+be + not+ going to +V原+其他
3.一般疑问句:Be+主语+going to +V原+其他?
区别:
1.will do 表示客观情况
2.be going to 表示主观情况
3.be going to 表示迹象表明将要发生
4.will用于所有人称,一般缩写,will not(一般缩写won't)
注意:表示移动方向的词用进行时表将来:come,go,leave,take,fly,arrive,move等等。
例句:The bus is coming.车将要来了.
考点一.一般将来时的用法
1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,其构成是will+动词原形,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,next week,next Sunday,in+一段时间等。如:
They will leave for Shanghai next week.他们下周将去上海。
Will you be back in two days?你将在两天后回来吗?
当主语是I或we时,疑问句中一般使用shall,表示征求对方意见。如:
Where shall we meet tomorrow?明天我们在哪里见面?
2.“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事,还可表示已决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如:
What are you going to do next Sunday?下周日你打算干什么?
Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.看那些乌云,暴风雨就要来临了。(客观迹象)
注意:在下面几种情况下只可用shall(will)表示将来,而不可用be going to。
①表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气地邀请或命令时。如:
Will you please lend me your bike?请你把自行车借给我用一下好吗?
②表示意愿时。如:
We will help him if he asks us.如果他要我们帮忙,我们愿意帮助他。
③表示单纯的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。如:
The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.明天早上太阳将在6:30升起。
3.be doing表示将来
常用于这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如:
We are leaving for London.我们就要动身去伦敦了。
She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。
4.“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示即将发生的动作。如:
She is about to travel by plane.她即将坐飞机去旅行。
✅扩展:和there be 连用→ There is/are ....某处有某物...
某处将有...1.There will be.....2.There is /are going to be .....【be不变,表示将会有.....】
❤不存在❌will going to do...,there have....❌
巧记:if “如果”→ +一般现在时,if“是否” → +一般将来时
现在完成时
定义:1.动作从过去开始,截止目前结束,对现在造成影响
2.状态从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有继续持续的可能
3.动作的进行的次数
结构:1.肯定:主语 + have / has + V过分 + 其他
2.否定:主语 + have / has + not + V过分 + 其他
3.一般疑问:Have / Has + 主语 + V过分 + 其他?
时间词/状语:
1.already 已经、yet 还没、so far / until now /by now /up to now 直到现在
2.since【自从】 +时间点、for【持续】+时间段、since then /from then on 从那以后
3.ever 曾经、once 、twice 、three times、in the past ...years....
易错辨析一:have /has been to ....【去过已回】
have /has gone to ....【去过未回】
have /has been in ....【待过...,未明确现在是否还在】
易错辨析二:
现在完成时:过去发生,现在结束
一般过去时:过去发生,过去结束【ago、just、yesterday、last、in the past、in+过去时间....】
since 和for的转换:【since +时间点,for+时间段】
例 The film has been on for 3 minutes = 例 The film has been on since 3 minutes ago.
考点总结1:现在完成时+since +一般过去时
考点总结2: It is /has +一段时间+ since + 一般过去时
考点一.现在完成时的用法
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
—Have you had your lunch yet?——你吃过午饭了吗?
—Yes,I have.I’ve just had it.——是的,我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了。)
I have lost my pen.我把钢笔弄丢了。(过去某个时间丢的,现在还没有找到。)
I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。
—Have you found your lost pen yet?——你找到丢失的钢笔了吗?
—No.I haven’t found it yet.——没有,我还没有找到。
注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用。already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末表示惊讶。yet用在疑问句和否定句中。
2.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for+时间段或since+时间点连用,表示持续的动作或状态,多为延续性动词。如:
We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去。)
3.几个副词在现在完成时中的用法
①just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。
②ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗?
③never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
④since+时间点/for+时间段。如:
I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。
4.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如:我离开这所学校已八年了。
误:I’ve left this school for eight years.
正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。
误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.
正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.
不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。如:
I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。
②非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:
a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
非延续性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
open
be open
close
be closed
begin/start
be on
come
be here
finish
be over
die
be dead
put on
wear
wake up
be awake
fall asleep
be asleep
join
be in
leave
be away
b.将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
c.用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。如:
It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。
5.动词的过去式与过去分词
①规则变化
形式
构成
例词
过去式与
过去分词
(规则变化)
在动词原形后加-ed
work—worked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed
carry—carried
study—studied
以e结尾的动词,直接加-d
live—lived
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母后再加-ed
stop—stopped
plan—planned
时态专项练习
一、单项选择
1.(2024·安徽·中考真题)—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind.
—Sure. Here you are.
A.leave B.have left C.will leave D.was leaving
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——对不起,我可以用一下你的字典吗?我把我的落下了。——当然。给你。
考查动词时态。分析句子可知,字典落下了,所以借用对方的,强调过去的动作对现在造成了影响,应为现在完成时,结构是have/has done。故选B。
2.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)— How well you play the piano!
— Glad you like it. Thanks to my mom, I ________ the hobby since I was young.
A.develop B.developed C.will develop D.have developed
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你钢琴弹得真好!——很高兴你喜欢。多亏了我妈妈,我从小就培养了这个爱好。
考查动词时态。根据“since I was young.”可知,主句应用现在完成时,故选D。
3.(2024·安徽安庆·三模)—Mum, could I watch the movie YOLO (《热辣滚烫》) starring Jia Ling tonight?
—Of course, if your homework ______.
A.finishes B.finished C.was finished D.is finished
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我今晚可以看贾玲主演的电影《热辣滚烫》吗?——当然,如果你的作业完成了。
考查动词时态和语态。此处是if引导的条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时,且主语“your homework”和谓语动词之间是被动关系,需用一般现在时的被动语态,即am/is/are done。故选D。
4.(2024·安徽安庆·三模)—Hello, is Eric busy?
—Yes, he ______ the poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu.
A.reads B.read C.is reading D.will read
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你好,Eric忙吗?——是的,他正在读杜甫的《春夜喜雨》。
考查动词时态。根据“Hello, is Eric busy?”和语境可知,Eric此刻正在读这首诗,应用现在进行时(be doing)。故选C。
5.(2024·安徽蚌埠·三模)We ________ your message and all of us are looking forward to your coming.
A.were receiving B.have received C.receive D.will receive
【答案】B
【详解】句意:您的消息我们已经收到,我们大家都期待您的到来。
考查现在完成时。根据“all of us are looking forward to your coming”可知,消息已经收到,句子应用现在完成时,其谓语结构为:have/has+过去分词。故选B。
6.(2024·安徽宿州·二模)— I ________ Mount Huangshan with my parents.
— Really? I really admire you. Have a good time!
A.was visiting B.have visited C.will visit D.visited
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我将和我的父母去参观黄山。——真的吗?我真的很钦佩你。玩得开心!
考查一般将来时。根据“Really? I really admire you. Have a good time!”可知,还没去参观黄山,叙述的是将要做的事情,句子应用一般将来时“will do”。故选C。
7.(2024·安徽马鞍山·三模)— Do you know the great Chinese poet Li Bai?
— Sure. He wrote many poems about the pretty mountains and rivers while he ________ in Anhui.
A.travels B.will travel C.was traveling D.has traveled
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你知道伟大的中国诗人李白吗?——当然。他旅行在安徽时写了许多关于美丽的山水的诗。
考查过去进行时。travels一般现在时,表示习惯性的动作;will travel一般将来时,表示将来会发生的动作;was traveling过去进行时,表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作;has traveled 现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在有影响。根据“He wrote many poems about the pretty mountains and rivers”可知,李白在安徽旅行时写了许多诗,这是在过去的某个时刻发生的动作,且结合while,此处需要延续性动词,因此应该使用过去进行时。故选C。
8.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)—Dad, you ________ to come back earlier. But it’s midnight now!
—I’m sorry, Lina. I will spend more time with you tomorrow, OK?
A.promised B.are promising C.promise D.will promise
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——爸爸,你答应早点回来的。但现在已经是午夜了!——对不起,丽娜。明天我会花更多的时间和你在一起,好吗?
考查动词时态。根据“to come back earlier. But it’s midnight now!”可知,此处说的是过去答应的事情,应用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选A。
9.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)—So far, two Chinese women astronauts ______ into space.
—That’s true. They are the pride of China.
A.travel B.traveled C.have traveled D.will travel
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——到目前为止,已有两名中国女宇航员进入太空。——是真的。她们是中国的骄傲。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“So far”可知,本句是现在完成时,故选C。
10.(2024·安徽淮北·三模)Tom ________ his bike to school every day since he was in Grade 6. He thinks it is good for the environment.
A.rides B.has ridden C.rode D.is riding
【答案】B
【详解】句意:汤姆从六年级开始每天骑自行车上学。他认为这对环境有好处。
考查动词时态。结合“since he was in Grade 6”可知应是含since的现在完成时,此处需用结构have/has done。故选B。
11.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)—I can’t find Dad anywhere. Do you know where he is?
—He ________ his car outside the house.
A.will wash B.washes C.has washed D.is washing
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我到处都找不到爸爸。你知道他在哪儿吗?——他正在房子外面洗车。
考查动词时态。根据“I can’t find Dad anywhere. Do you know where he is?”可知,爸爸现在正在房子外面洗车,应用现在进行时,故选D。
二、单词拼写
12.(2024·安徽·中考真题)The Shenzhou-17 team h (交) over their work to the Shenzhou-18 team on April 30th.
【答案】(h)anded
【详解】句意:4月30日,神舟十七号团队将工作移交给了神舟十八号团队。根据首字母及汉语提示可知,此处是hand over“移交,转交”,动词短语。结合“on April 30th”可知,时态是一般过去时,谓语动词用其过去式。故填(h)anded。
13.(2024·安徽六安·模拟预测)He often (讨论) maths problems with his classmates.
【答案】discusses
【详解】句意:他经常和同学讨论数学问题。结合句意和汉语提示可知,此处考查discuss“讨论”,动词;根据空前“often”可知,句子时态为一般现在时,且主语“He”为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用三单形式discusses。故填discusses。
14.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)Tom always (混合) blue and yellow paint to make green.
【答案】mixes
【详解】句意:汤姆总是把蓝色和黄色的颜料混合制成绿色。“混合”为mix;根据always可知,该句为一般现在时,主语为Tom,谓语动词用单三形式,故填mixes。
15.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)He p (拉) the kite down from the tree and gave it to the little boy.
【答案】(p)ulled
【详解】句意:他把风筝从树上扯下来,递给了小男孩。pull“拉”,时态为一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填(p)ulled。
16.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)Dylan k (敲) on the door before he came in just now. What a polite boy!
【答案】(k)nocked
【详解】句意:迪伦刚才进来之前先敲了门。多有礼貌的男孩啊!knock“敲”,动词,根据“he came in just now.”可知,本句应用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故填(k)nocked。
17.(2024·安徽蚌埠·三模)He k (踢) the ball into the goal and won the game for his team.
【答案】(k)icked
【详解】句意:他把球踢进了球门,为他的球队赢得了比赛。踢:kick,再由“and won”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,因此此处应用动词过去式“kicked”。故填(k)icked。
18.(2024·安徽马鞍山·一模)Nothing m more than people’s safety and health. (要紧)
【答案】(m)atters
【详解】句意:没有什么比人的安全和健康更要紧的。此处缺谓语动词,matter“要紧”,句子讲述的是客观的事实,时态为一般现在时;主语是nothing,不定代词做主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式matters。故填(m)atters。
19.(2024·安徽淮北·三模)He got praise from his mother because he f (修理) his computer by himself.
【答案】(f)ixed
【详解】句意:他得到了妈妈的表扬,因为他自己修好了电脑。修理:fix,再由“He got praise from his mother”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,因此此处用动词过去式。故填(f)ixed。
20.(2024·安徽六安·三模)The English dictionary w (重达) about half a kilogram.
【答案】(w)eighs
【详解】句意:这本英语词典重约半公斤。分析句子结构可知,此空缺少谓语,应填动词。结合中文可知,应填weigh表示“重达”,此句是陈述事实,用一般现在时,主语是单数形式,动词用三单,故填(w)eighs。
21.(2024·安徽芜湖·三模)In order to save energy, Lin An never f (忘记) to turn off the lights when he leaves the classroom.
【答案】(f)orgets
【详解】句意:为了节省资源,林安离开教室时从来不忘记关灯。“忘记”forget,句子时态为一般现在时,主语为单数,动词应使用三单形式。故填(f)orgets。
22.(2024·安徽安庆·三模)Teachers are those people who direct us in our learning and g (指引) us through life.
【答案】(g)uide
【详解】句意:老师是那些指导我们学习和指导我们生活的人。根据首字母以及中文提示可知,用guide表示“指引”,根据direct可知,此空也应填动词原形,故填(g)uide。
23.(2024·安徽芜湖·三模)The man p (较喜欢) living a real life to dreaming.
【答案】(p)refers
【详解】句意:这个男人宁愿过真实的生活也不愿做梦。“较喜欢”prefer,根据句意可知是一般现在时,主语是三单,谓语动词用三单形式。故填(p)refers。
24.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)We often d (讨论) in small groups in class in order to study better.
【答案】(d)iscuss
【详解】句意:为了更好地学习,我们经常在课堂上进行小组讨论。根据首字母和汉语提示,应填discuss;由“often”可知,时态为一般现在时,主语为We,谓语动词用原形。故填(d)iscuss。
25.(2024·安徽阜阳·二模)Trees are g (生长) thickly around my old houses.
【答案】(g)rowing
【详解】句意:我的老房子周围树木长得很茂盛。 根据“are”及句意可知,此处为现在进行时,填现在分词;grow“生长”的现在分词形式是growing。故填(g)rowing。
26.(2024·安徽滁州·三模)Last week, Jack a (参加) the photo competition and won the first place.
【答案】(a)ttended
【详解】句意:上周,杰克参加了摄影比赛并获得了第一名。attend“参加”,动词。根据“Last week”可知,本句是一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填(a)ttended。
27.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)When my father met his roommate in college yesterday, they h (拥抱) each other.
【答案】(h)ugged
【详解】句意:昨天,当我父亲在大学里见到他的室友时,他们拥抱在一起。拥抱:hug,根据“yesterday”可知句子用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填(h)ugged。
28.(2024·安徽六安·二模)When I do something wrong, my father always g (指导) me how to do it.
【答案】(g)uides
【详解】句意:当我做错事的时候,我父亲总是指导我怎么做。根据always可知,使用一般现在时,主语是my father,为第三人称单数,故谓语动词用三单形,guide指导,故填(g)uides。
29.(2024·安徽蚌埠·二模)The English dictionary w (重达) about one kilogram.
【答案】(w)eighs
【详解】句意:这本英语字典重达一千克。“重”用动词weigh表示,句子应用一般现在时,主语为The English dictionary,谓语用动词的三单形式。故填(w)eighs。
30.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)The fans are c (欢呼) on the football players in the final match.
【答案】(c)heering
【详解】句意:球迷们在决赛中为足球运动员加油。cheer“欢呼”,动词。分析句子可知,空处需用现在分词,与are构成现在进行时。故填(c)heering。
31.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)Every morning before I go to schtool, my mom will h (拥抱) me.
【答案】(h)ug
【详解】句意:每天早上上学前,妈妈都会拥抱我。根据中文和首字母提示可知,hug“拥抱”,will后接动词原形,故填(h)ug。
32.(2024·安徽滁州·二模)Listen carefully in class, or you’ll f (不及格) your exams.
【答案】(f)ail
【详解】句意:上课认真听讲,否则你会考试不及格的。fail“不及格”,是动词,will后接动词原形,故填(f)ail。
33.(2024·安徽滁州·二模)Last week Suzy b (借) the four greatest classical Chinese novels from Henry.
【答案】(b)orrowed
【详解】句意:上星期苏茜从亨利那儿借了四本最伟大的中国古典小说。borrow“借”,是动词,根据“Last week”可知,时态用一般过去时,动词要用过去式。故填(b)orrowed。
34.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)Linda always e (进入) the library with her classmates to study before classes start.
【答案】(e)nters
【详解】句意:琳达总是在上课前和她的同学一起进入图书馆学习。结合句意、首字母“e”和汉语提示可知,enter“进入”,动词;句子时态为一般现在时,主语“Linda”为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用三单形式enters。故填(e)nters。
35.(2024·安徽安庆·二模)This project will s (服务) as a bridge for communication between the countries.
【答案】(s)erve
【详解】句意:这个项目将成为国家之间沟通的桥梁。根据汉语及首字母提示可知,对应的英文表达是serve,动词,意为“服务”,且will之后接动词原形。故填(s)erve。
被动语态
考点
课标要求
考查频次
命题预测
动词语态
掌握不同时态的被动语态
10年5考
被动语态的考点常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空的形式进行考查
不用被动语态的情况
·
主动语态和被动语态的转换
·
考点一.被动语态整体结构
be➕V过分➕(by sb 可省略)
3个一般时
一般现在时
is / am / are➕V过分
一般过去时
was / were➕V过分
一般将来时
will be➕V过分
2个进行时
现在进行时
is / am / are➕being➕V过分
过去进行时
was / were➕being➕V过分
3个完成时
现在完成时
have / has been➕V过分
现在
过去完成时
had been➕V过分
将来完成时
will have been➕V过分
祈使句被动语态:don't➕be➕V过分
情态动词被动语态:情态动词➕be➕V过分
考点二、被动语态中【主动表示被动】情况
① 不及物动词 / 部分动词短语,无被动语态,用主动表被动
② 系动词,主动表被动
③ 及物动词表示主语某种性质,用主动表被动
④ 动介短语用被动,动介短语看成整体
⑤ ving形式表被动:need、want、require、worth
⑥ 常见开始/结束的一类词:begin、over、start (主动表被动)
⑦ 感官动词 / 使役动词【➕to】,表被动
考点三.重点词组
be used to do sth 被用来做… be made of/from 由…制成
be covered with/by 被…覆盖 be filled with=be full of 充满…
be sold out 被卖完 be seen/noticed to do 被注意/听到…
be made to do sth 被迫做…
考点四.常见句型
1. It is said that 从句
2. It is agreed that 从句
3. It is known that 从句
4. It is taken for granted that 从句 → 认为...理所应当
被动语态专项训练
一、单项选择
1.(2024·安徽·中考真题)The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it.
A.holds B.will hold C.is held D.will be held
【答案】D
【详解】句意:2024年巴黎奥运会将于今年7月举行。不要错过。
考查被动语态。主语Olympic Games和动词hold“举行”之间是被动关系,结合“this July.”和“The 2024”可知,应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done,故选D。
2.(2024·安徽六安·模拟预测)—Daniel, you must say goodbye to your good friend Bill quickly. He ________ to another city tomorrow.
—Thanks. I have to go now.
A.will be taken B.are taken C.were taken D.have taken
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——丹尼尔,你必须快点跟你的好朋友比尔道别。他明天将被带到另一个城市。——谢谢。我现在得走了。
考查时态及语态。根据“tomorrow”可知,时态为一般将来时;根据句子结构可知,主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系,用被动语态。故选A。
3.(2024·安徽合肥·一模)It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture ________ in Xiaoyaojin Park.
A.was taken B.takes C.is taken D.took
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这是一段很长的时间!我不记得这张照片是什么时候在逍遥津公园拍的。
考查语态。句子主语“this picture”与动词take之间是被动关系,此处用被动语态,结合语境可知,拍照发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
4.(2024·安徽安庆·三模)—Mum, could I watch the movie YOLO (《热辣滚烫》) starring Jia Ling tonight?
—Of course, if your homework ______.
A.finishes B.finished C.was finished D.is finished
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我今晚可以看贾玲主演的电影《热辣滚烫》吗?——当然,如果你的作业完成了。
考查动词时态和语态。此处是if引导的条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时,且主语“your homework”和谓语动词之间是被动关系,需用一般现在时的被动语态,即am/is/are done。故选D。
5.(2024·安徽芜湖·一模)—What are you reading?
—Ordinary World, a book which ________ by Lu Yao in 1988.
A.written B.was written C.was writing D.has being written
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你在读什么?——《平凡的世界》,这本书是路遥在1988年写的。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“a book which…by Lu Yao in 1988”可知,此处指这本书是路遥在1988年写的,此句含有which引导的定语从句,主语“which”与动词“write”之间是被动的关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were done”,空处应填was written。故选B。
6.(2024·安徽宿州·二模)Shenzhou 18, carrying three astronauts, ________ to China Space Station in April, 2024.
A.sent B.will send C.was sent D.will be sent
【答案】C
【详解】句意:神舟18号载着三名宇航员,于2024年4月被送往中国空间站。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“in April, 2024”可知,时态是一般过去时,且主语Shenzhou 18与谓语send之间是动宾关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done),故选C。
7.(2024·安徽淮北·三模)The knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine ________ on by our ancestors long ago.
A.pass B.passes C.was passed D.was passing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:中药知识是我们的祖先很久以前传下来的。
考查动词时态及语态。根据“long ago”可时态用一般过去时,主语The knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine与动词pass构成被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”,故选C。
8.(2024·安徽马鞍山·三模)—The local govermment has paid more attention to the happiness of the old people.
—That’s true. Many activities ________ every month to make their lives colourful.
A.hold B.held C.are held D.were held
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——当地政府更加关注老年人的幸福。——这是真的。每个月都会举办许多活动,使他们的生活丰富多彩。
考查时态和语态。主语Many activities和谓语hold之间是被动关系,根据“every month”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done。故选C。
9.(2024·安徽六安·三模)Some free health services ________ for the old people in the countryside in the near future.
A.provides B.is provided C.is providing D.will be provided
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在不久的将来,将为农村的老年人提供一些免费的保健服务。
考查时态和语态。根据“in the near future”可知时态为一般将来时,主语“Some free health services”与谓语动词provide构成被动关系,所以应用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”,故选D。
10.(2024·安徽芜湖·三模)Some useful websites for English learners ________ in yesterday’s discussion.
A.have shared B.was introduced C.were exchanging D.were mentioned
【答案】D
【详解】句意:昨天的讨论中提到了一些对英语学习者有用的网站。
考查时态和被动语态。share分享;introduce介绍;exchange交换;mention提到。根据“in yesterday’s discussion”可知句子用一般过去时,排除A;根据“Some useful websites for English learners...in yesterday’s discussion.”可知此处主语Some useful websites和谓语动词之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be done,主语是名词复数,be动词用were。故选D。
11.(2024·安徽芜湖·三模)An activity about protecting the environment ________ by us in the town center next weekend.
A.will hold B.holds C.was held D.will be held
【答案】D
【详解】句意:下周末,我们会在市中心举办一场有关保护环境的活动。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next weekend”可知句子应用一般将来时,主语an activity与动词hold存在被动关系,因此应用一般将来时的被动语态,其谓语结构为:will be+过去分词。故选D。
二、单词拼写
12.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)We are e (期望) to check the papers carefully to avoid some careless mistakes.
【答案】(e)xpected
【详解】句意:我们被期望仔细检查试卷以避免一些粗心的错误。根据首字母以及汉语提示可知,此处指的是“被期望仔细检查”,be expected to do sth.意为“被期望做某事”,固定词组。故填(e)xpected。
13.(2024·安徽·模拟预测)The plan for our May Day holiday may be c (取消) because of the heavy storm.
【答案】(c)anceled/(c)ancelled
【详解】句意:由于暴雨,我们五一假期的计划可能会取消。cancel“取消”,be与过去分词构成被动语态,所以此处应填过去分词,cancel的过去分词有两个,分别是canceled或cancelled,故填(c)anceled/(c)ancelled。
14.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)The artists are e (鼓励) to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms.
【答案】(e)ncouraged
【详解】句意:鼓励艺术家们用自己喜欢的艺术形式讲好中国故事。encourage“鼓励”,动词,与主语The artists构成被动关系,所以用被动语态“be done”,动词用过去分词,故填(e)ncouraged。
15.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)When the computer was i (发明) more than 70 years ago, it was very big.
【答案】(i)nvented
【详解】句意:七十多年前,当电脑被发明的时候,它非常大。“发明”要用“invent”来表达,因电脑是被发明,句子要用被动语态,谓语动词结构为“be+done”,因此填invent的过去分词invented。故填(i)nvented。
16.(2024·安徽芜湖·二模)If we drop litter in a public place, we will be f (罚款) by police.
【答案】(f)ined
【详解】句意:如果我们在公共场所乱扔垃圾,我们将被警察罚款。fine“罚款”,根据“by police”可知,此处是被动语态,此空应填过去分词,故填(f)ined。
17.(2024·安徽宿州·二模)The sports meeting has been c (取消) because of the bad weather.
【答案】(c)anceled/(c)ancelled
【详解】句意:由于天气不好,运动会取消了。cancel“取消”,动词;主语“The sports meeting”和cancel是被动关系,应用过去分词canceled/cancelled,与has been构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填(c)anceled/(c)ancelled。
18.(2024·安徽合肥·一模)At the end of the meal in China, you will usually be s (提供) with fruit.
【答案】(s)erved
【详解】句意:在中国,用餐结束时,通常会为您提供水果。serve“提供”,you与serve是被动关系,应用被动语态be done的结构,此空应填过去分词,故填(s)erved。
19.(2024·安徽芜湖·一模)You should put the waste paper in a bag. It can be r (回收利用).
【答案】(r)ecycled
【详解】句意:你应该把废纸放在袋子里。它可以回收利用。recycle表示“回收利用”,it指代废纸,两者之间是被动关系,这里应用被动语态结构,动词用过去分词。故填(r)ecycled。
20.(2024·安徽安庆·一模)Shi Chuanying, a girl from Guizhou, was i (邀请) to Milan Fashion Week last year.
【答案】(i)nvited
【详解】句意:去年,贵州女孩Shi Chuanying受邀参加了米兰时装周。根据时间状语“last week”可知,该句是一般过去时的被动语态;根据汉语提示可知,本题考查be invited to+地点“被邀请到某地”。故填(i)nvited。
21.(2024·安徽宣城·一模)Yesterday he was p (惩罚) by his father for not telling the truth.
【答案】(p)unished
【详解】句意:昨天他因为没有说实话而受到父亲的惩罚。“惩罚”punish,主语he与动词punish之间是动宾关系,用一般过去时的被动语态,was后接过去分词punished。故填(p)unished。
22.(2024·安徽芜湖·一模)You can believe in him, for the whole thing is c (证实).
【答案】(c)onfirmed
【详解】句意:你可以相信他,因为整件事都得到了证实。confirm“证实”,动词;分析句子结构可知,空处所在句的主语与谓语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用被动语态,所以此处应用动词的过去分词形式。故填(c)onfirmed。
23.(2024·安徽阜阳·一模)Most of the earth’s surface is c (覆盖) by water.
【答案】(c)overed
【详解】句意:地球表面大部分被水覆盖。cover“覆盖”,动词。本句主语是谓语动词cover的动作承受者,所以用被动语态be done结构,动词用过去分词形式。be covered by...“被……覆盖”。故填(c)overed。
24.(2024·安徽阜阳·一模)Teenagers should be a (允许) to get their ears pierced.
【答案】(a)llowed
【详解】句意:青少年应该被允许打耳洞。结合中文提示以及首字母,可知是allow“允许”,设空处前有“should be”,且主语“Teenagers”与“allow”之间存在被动关系,因此设空处填动词的过去分词。故填(a)llowed。
25.(2022·安徽安庆·一模)We will be p (惩罚) if we take no action to protect the environment.
【答案】(p)unished
【详解】句意:如果我们不采取行动保护环境,我们将受到惩罚。根据汉语和首字母提示可知,空处应是punish,动词;分析句意可知,主语和动词之间是被动关系,根据空前will提示可知,应用一般将来时的被动语态,构成形式为:will be done,punish的过去分词是punished。故填(p)unished。
基础巩固
从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空,每词限用一次。
stay plant read make use
say drive bring jump speak
1.—Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day?
—Of course. Chinese ____________ by more and more people around the world nowadays.
2.To make the environment much better, more trees ____________________ next year.
3.When Linda saw the bicycle, she ________ for joy because it was what she wanted.
4.—Has your cousin returned from the USA?
—No. She ____________ there for another week.
5.Sorry, buddy. I ____________ at the moment. Can I call you back later?
6.My mind wasn't on what he ____________. So I'm afraid I have missed a lot.
7.This book must be great. My sister __________ it five times.
8.It is reported that the new technology ________________ widely in a short time.
9.The young man was ____ to do heavy work by the boss.
10.Sweet memories were ________ back when I saw these old things.
[答案]1.is spoken2.will be planted3.jumped4.will stay5.am driving6.was saying7.has read8.will be used
9.made10.brought
能力提升
Kayla was beginning a pottery(制陶手艺) class. She was very excited. She had seen pictures of American Indian pottery at school. That was when she started to 1 it. So now she was going to learn how to make pottery herself.
During the first class, Kayla and the other kids 2 safety. There were several sharp(锋利的) tools and a hot kiln(窑) in the classroom. So everyone had to know how 3 it might be.
When everyone was 4 , their teacher showed them how to work the clay. For the next few classes, Kayla and the other kids practiced different 5 of pottery. They used clay in different ways and tried making different things. Kayla thought this was a lot of fun.
6 , it was time for the students to make their own pottery. Kayla 7 to make a plate. She got the clay she needed and 8 the clay into a plate. When the plate was dry, Kayla painted it. When Kayla finished her 9 , the paint was allowed to dry.
Then the 10 taught Kayla how to put glaze(釉) on her plate. It was time to fire the plate in the kiln. Kayla's plate turned out beautifully, and she couldn't wait to show it to her parents.
1.A. love B. doubt C. visit D. record
2.A. heard of B. learnt about C. gave up D. waited for
3.A. clean B. easy C. modern D. dangerous
4.A. ready B. active C. correct D. excited
5.A. copies B. prices C. kinds D. backgrounds
6.A. Luckily B. Clearly C. Finally D. Usually
7.A. refused B. decided C. promised D. remembered
8.A. shaped B. sent C. preferred D. put
9.A. homework B. meal C. test D. picture
10.A. classmate B. kid C. teacher D. guide
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Kayla参加了一个制陶手艺班,在老师的指导下学习陶艺的故事。
[答案]1.A 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.C
[解析]
1.考查动词。根据上文“She was very excited.”可知,她开始爱上了制陶手艺,故选A。
2.考查动词短语。根据下文可知,第一节课他们要学习有关安全方面的内容,learn about“了解,学习有关……”,故选B。
3.考查形容词。根据前一句“There were several sharp tools and a hot kiln in the classroom.”可知,每个人必须了解可能会有多危险,故选D。
4.考查形容词。根据“their teacher showed them how to work the clay”可知,当大家都准备好的时候,老师就开始教他们如何制陶,故选A。
5.考查名词。根据下文“They used clay in different ways and tried making different things.”可知,在接下来的几节课里,凯拉和其他几个孩子练习不同类型的制陶手艺,different kinds of“不同种类的”,故选C。
6.考查副词。根据“it was time for the students to make their own pottery”并结合上文可知,经过老师的演示和指导以及他们几节课的练习,终于到了他们自己制陶的时候了,finally“最后,终于”,故选C。
7.考查动词。根据语境可知,她决定制作一个盘子,decide“决定”,故选B。
8.考查动词。根据语境和常识可知,要制作盘子,首先要把陶土塑成一个盘子的形状,shape...into...“把……塑成……形状”,故选A。
9.考查名词。根据“Kayla painted it...the paint was allowed to dry”,可知,凯拉在盘子上作画,故选D。
10.考查名词。根据“taught”可知,这里说的是老师,故选C。
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第04讲 动词时态、语态
目录
动词时态 2
考情透视·目标导航 2
知识导图·思维引航 3
考点突破·考法探究 3
一般现在时 4
考点一.一般现在时的用法 4
考点二.与一般现在时连用的时间状语 4
考点三.动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 4
考点四.用一般现在时表示将来的情况 5
一般过去时 5
一般过去时的用法 6
现在进行时 6
考点一.现在进行时的构成 6
考点二.现在进行时的用法 6
考点三.动词现在分词的变化规则 7
过去进行时 7
考点一.过去进行时的用法 8
考点一二一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 8
一般将来时 8
一般将来时的用法 9
现在完成时 10
现在完成时的用法 11
时态专项练习 13
被动语态 20
考情透视·目标导航 20
知识导图·思维引航 20
考点突破·考法探究 21
考点一.被动语态整体结构 21
考点二、被动语态中【主动表示被动】情况 22
考点三.重点词组 22
考点四.常见句型 22
被动语态专项训练 22
分层训练·巩固提升 28
基础巩固 28
能力提升 28
动词时态
考点
课标要求
考查频次
命题预测
动词时态
六种时态用法
10年16考
动词时态考点常以单项选择、完形填空、词汇填空的形式进行考查。
一.定义:不同时间里动词的形态【V】
二.分类:过去时间:一般过去时【平时做】,过去进行时【正在做】,过去完成时【已做完】
现在时间:一般现在时【平时做】,现在进行时【正在做】,现在完成时【已做完】
将来时间:一般将来时【平时做】,将来进行时【正在做】,将来完成时【已做完】
一般现在时
定义:现在经常/平时做的事情【实义动词】
现在的状态 【be动词 → am /is /are】
客观真理,无法改变
结构一:肯定句:主语 + am/is/are +其他
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not +其他
疑问句:Am/is/are +主语 +其他?
结构二:肯定句:主语 + V复/ V单+其他
否定句:主语 + don't / doesn't + V原+其他
疑问句:Do /Does+主语+ V原 其他?
考点一.一般现在时的用法
1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often,always,usually,sometimes,once a week,every day等表示频度的副词或时间状语连用。如:
I often go to school by bike.我经常骑自行车去上学。
2.表示客观事实或普遍真理。如:
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
3.在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如:
There goes the bell.铃响了。
考点二.与一般现在时连用的时间状语
①表示频度的副词always,often,usually,sometimes等。
②on Sundays,on Monday afternoons,every day/week/month/year等时间状语。
③once a year,twice a month,three times a week等表示频率的词组。
考点三.动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则
形式
构成
例词
第三人称
单数形式
在动词原形后加-s
runs,likes
以ch,sh,ss,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-es
teach—teaches
wash—washes
pass—passes
go—goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变i再加-es
study—studies
try—tries
以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-s
stay—stays
play—plays
考点四.用一般现在时表示将来的情况
①表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。如:
We’re going to Changchun.Our plane takes off at 8:10.我们打算去长春。我们的飞机8:10起飞。
②当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until,when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:
If it doesn’t rain this afternoon,we’ll have a football match.如果今天下午不下雨,我们将进行一场足球比赛。
一般过去时
定义:1.过去经常习惯性动作
2.动作过去发生,过去结束
3.过去存在的状态
结构
be动词结构:
1.肯定句:主语+was/were+其他
2.否定句:主语+was/were+not+其他
3.一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+其他?
实义动词结构:
1.肯定句:主语+V过去式+其他
2.否定句:主语+didn't+V原+其他
3.一般疑问句:Did+主语+V原+其他?
1.+ed 2.不发音e+d 3.辅y → i+ed 4.元y + ed
5.特殊变化:have → had 6.辅元辅结构:双写末字母+ ed
时间词:1.yesterday类 2.ago类 3.last类 4.in+过去年份… 6.just now类 7.in the past
考点一.一般过去时的用法
①表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
I got up at six this morning.今天早上我六点起的床。
We visited the factory last week.上周我们参观了那个工厂。
②表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如:
When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。
现在进行时
考点一.现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由“主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词”构成。
否定形式:主语+am/is/are+not+动词的现在分词
疑问形式:Am/Is/Are+主语+动词的现在分词
肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:No,主语+am/is/are+not.
考点二.现在进行时的用法
①表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如:
—What are you doing?——你在做什么?
—I am reading English.——我在读英语。
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如:
They are studying hard this term.他们这学期学习一直很努力。
③go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如:
I am going to Beijing this Sunday.本周日我打算去北京。
④当时间状语为now,these days等或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,can’t you see之类的暗示词时,要用现在进行时。但应注意下列这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中。
a.与感官相关的动词,如see,hear等。
b.表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如like,love等。
c.表示希望的动词,如want,would like等。
d.表示状态的动词,如be等。
e.表示归属的动词,如have等。
f.表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词,如know,forget等。
考点三.动词现在分词的变化规则
形式
构成
例词
现在分词
在动词原形后加-ing
read—reading
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing
live—living
write—writing
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing
sit—sitting
begin—beginning
少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing
die—dying
lie—lying
tie—tying
过去进行时
定义:
表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作
结构:肯定句:主语 + was/were+doing 其他
否定句:主语 + was/were + not+doing其他
疑问句:Was /Were + 主语 + doing + 其他?
疑问词+ was /were + 主语 + doing + 其他?
at this time yesterday、at that time、at eight last night 、at six yesterday morning....
when /while引导的时间状语从句
↓↓↓ ↓↓↓
A.过去/现在进行时 + while + 过去/现在进行时
B.过去/现在进行时 + when + 一般过去时/一般现在时
考点一.过去进行时的用法
1.表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday等连用。如:
—What were you doing at nine last night?——昨天晚上九点你正在干什么?
—I was watching TV at that time.——那时我正在看电视。
2.注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用:
①主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,主句用过去进行时(从句用一般过去时)。
②从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,从句用过去进行时(主句用一般过去时)。
③若主、从句动作开始的时间不存在先后关系(即同时发生)或无所谓先后时,主从句可同时使用过去进行时,此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。
3.一般过去时和过去进行时的区别
一般来说,如果强调过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过某个(已完成的)动作时应用一般过去时;而如果强调动作在过去某个时候或某段时间内正在进行(是否完成不明确)时则应用过去进行时。
一般将来时
定义:
1.将要发生的动作或存在的状态
2.将来经常发生的动作
3.表示一种倾向或者说话人的揣测
结构:
will类动词结构:
1.肯定句:主语+will+V原+其他
2.否定句:主语+will+not+V原+其他
3.一般疑问句:Will+主语+V原+其他?
be going to动词结构:
1.肯定句:主语+be going to +V原+其他
2.否定句:主语+be + not+ going to +V原+其他
3.一般疑问句:Be+主语+going to +V原+其他?
1.will do 表示客观情况
2.be going to 表示主观情况
3.be going to 表示迹象表明将要发生
4.will用于所有人称,一般缩写,will not(一般缩写won't)
注意:表示移动方向的词用进行时表将来:come,go,leave,take,fly,arrive,move等等。
例句:The bus is coming.车将要来了.
考点一.一般将来时的用法
1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,其构成是will+动词原形,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,next week,next Sunday,in+一段时间等。如:
They will leave for Shanghai next week.他们下周将去上海。
Will you be back in two days?你将在两天后回来吗?
当主语是I或we时,疑问句中一般使用shall,表示征求对方意见。如:
Where shall we meet tomorrow?明天我们在哪里见面?
2.“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事,还可表示已决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如:
What are you going to do next Sunday?下周日你打算干什么?
Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.看那些乌云,暴风雨就要来临了。(客观迹象)
注意:在下面几种情况下只可用shall(will)表示将来,而不可用be going to。
①表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气地邀请或命令时。如:
Will you please lend me your bike?请你把自行车借给我用一下好吗?
②表示意愿时。如:
We will help him if he asks us.如果他要我们帮忙,我们愿意帮助他。
③表示单纯的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。如:
The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.明天早上太阳将在6:30升起。
3.be doing表示将来
常用于这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如:
We are leaving for London.我们就要动身去伦敦了。
She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。
4.“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示即将发生的动作。如:
She is about to travel by plane.她即将坐飞机去旅行。
某处将有...1.There will be.....2.There is /are going to be .....【be不变,表示将会有.....】
❤不存在❌will going to do...,there have....❌
巧记:if “如果”→ +一般现在时,if“是否” → +一般将来时
现在完成时
定义:1.动作从过去开始,截止目前结束,对现在造成影响
2.状态从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有继续持续的可能
3.动作的进行的次数
结构:1.肯定:主语 + have / has + V过分 + 其他
2.否定:主语 + have / has + not + V过分 + 其他
3.一般疑问:Have / Has + 主语 + V过分 + 其他?
时间词/状语:
1.already 已经、yet 还没、so far / until now /by now /up to now 直到现在
2.since【自从】 +时间点、for【持续】+时间段、since then /from then on 从那以后
3.ever 曾经、once 、twice 、three times、in the past ...years....
易错辨析一:have /has been to ....【去过已回】
have /has gone to ....【去过未回】
have /has been in ....【待过...,未明确现在是否还在】
易错辨析二:
现在完成时:过去发生,现在结束
一般过去时:过去发生,过去结束【ago、just、yesterday、last、in the past、in+过去时间....】
since 和for的转换:【since +时间点,for+时间段】
例 The film has been on for 3 minutes = 例 The film has been on since 3 minutes ago.
考点总结1:现在完成时+since +一般过去时
考点总结2: It is /has +一段时间+ since + 一般过去时
考点一.现在完成时的用法
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
—Have you had your lunch yet?——你吃过午饭了吗?
—Yes,I have.I’ve just had it.——是的,我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了。)
I have lost my pen.我把钢笔弄丢了。(过去某个时间丢的,现在还没有找到。)
I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。
—Have you found your lost pen yet?——你找到丢失的钢笔了吗?
—No.I haven’t found it yet.——没有,我还没有找到。
注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用。already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末表示惊讶。yet用在疑问句和否定句中。
2.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for+时间段或since+时间点连用,表示持续的动作或状态,多为延续性动词。如:
We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去。)
3.几个副词在现在完成时中的用法
①just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。
②ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗?
③never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
④since+时间点/for+时间段。如:
I have been in Beijing for two years.我在北京两年了。
4.延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如:我离开这所学校已八年了。
误:I’ve left this school for eight years.
正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。
误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.
正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.
不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。如:
I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。
②非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:
a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
非延续性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
open
be open
close
be closed
begin/start
be on
come
be here
finish
be over
die
be dead
put on
wear
wake up
be awake
fall asleep
be asleep
join
be in
leave
be away
b.将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
c.用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。如:
It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。
5.动词的过去式与过去分词
①规则变化
形式
构成
例词
过去式与
过去分词
(规则变化)
在动词原形后加-ed
work—worked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed
carry—carried
study—studied
以e结尾的动词,直接加-d
live—lived
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母后再加-ed
stop—stopped
plan—planned
时态专项练习
一、单项选择
1.(2024·安徽·中考真题)—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind.
—Sure. Here you are.
A.leave B.have left C.will leave D.was leaving
【答案】B
2.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)— How well you play the piano!
— Glad you like it. Thanks to my mom, I ________ the hobby since I was young.
A.develop B.developed C.will develop D.have developed
3.(2024·安徽安庆·三模)—Mum, could I watch the movie YOLO (《热辣滚烫》) starring Jia Ling tonight?
—Of course, if your homework ______.
A.finishes B.finished C.was finished D.is finished
4.(2024·安徽安庆·三模)—Hello, is Eric busy?
—Yes, he ______ the poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu.
A.reads B.read C.is reading D.will read
5.(2024·安徽蚌埠·三模)We ________ your message and all of us are looking forward to your coming.
A.were receiving B.have received C.receive D.will receive
6.(2024·安徽宿州·二模)— I ________ Mount Huangshan with my parents.
— Really? I really admire you. Have a good time!
A.was visiting B.have visited C.will visit D.visited
7.(2024·安徽马鞍山·三模)— Do you know the great Chinese poet Li Bai?
— Sure. He wrote many poems about the pretty mountains and rivers while he ________ in Anhui.
A.travels B.will travel C.was traveling D.has traveled
8.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)—Dad, you ________ to come back earlier. But it’s midnight now!
—I’m sorry, Lina. I will spend more time with you tomorrow, OK?
A.promised B.are promising C.promise D.will promise
9.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)—So far, two Chinese women astronauts ______ into space.
—That’s true. They are the pride of China.
A.travel B.traveled C.have traveled D.will travel
10.(2024·安徽淮北·三模)Tom ________ his bike to school every day since he was in Grade 6. He thinks it is good for the environment.
A.rides B.has ridden C.rode D.is riding
11.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)—I can’t find Dad anywhere. Do you know where he is?
—He ________ his car outside the house.
A.will wash B.washes C.has washed D.is washing
二、单词拼写
12.(2024·安徽·中考真题)The Shenzhou-17 team h (交) over their work to the Shenzhou-18 team on April 30th.
13.(2024·安徽六安·模拟预测)He often (讨论) maths problems with his classmates.
14.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)Tom always (混合) blue and yellow paint to make green.
15.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)He p (拉) the kite down from the tree and gave it to the little boy.
16.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)Dylan k (敲) on the door before he came in just now. What a polite boy!
17.(2024·安徽蚌埠·三模)He k (踢) the ball into the goal and won the game for his team.
18.(2024·安徽马鞍山·一模)Nothing m more than people’s safety and health. (要紧)
19.(2024·安徽淮北·三模)He got praise from his mother because he f (修理) his computer by himself.
20.(2024·安徽六安·三模)The English dictionary w (重达) about half a kilogram.
21.(2024·安徽芜湖·三模)In order to save energy, Lin An never f (忘记) to turn off the lights when he leaves the classroom.
22.(2024·安徽安庆·三模)Teachers are those people who direct us in our learning and g (指引) us through life.
23.(2024·安徽芜湖·三模)The man p (较喜欢) living a real life to dreaming.
24.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)We often d (讨论) in small groups in class in order to study better.
25.(2024·安徽阜阳·二模)Trees are g (生长) thickly around my old houses.
26.(2024·安徽滁州·三模)Last week, Jack a (参加) the photo competition and won the first place.
27.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)When my father met his roommate in college yesterday, they h (拥抱) each other.
28.(2024·安徽六安·二模)When I do something wrong, my father always g (指导) me how to do it.
29.(2024·安徽蚌埠·二模)The English dictionary w (重达) about one kilogram.
30.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)The fans are c (欢呼) on the football players in the final match.
31.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)Every morning before I go to schtool, my mom will h (拥抱) me.
32.(2024·安徽滁州·二模)Listen carefully in class, or you’ll f (不及格) your exams.
33.(2024·安徽滁州·二模)Last week Suzy b (借) the four greatest classical Chinese novels from Henry.
34.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)Linda always e (进入) the library with her classmates to study before classes start.
35.(2024·安徽安庆·二模)This project will s (服务) as a bridge for communication between the countries.
被动语态
考点
课标要求
考查频次
命题预测
动词语态
掌握不同时态的被动语态
10年5考
被动语态的考点常以单项选择、完形填空、语法填空的形式进行考查
不用被动语态的情况
·
主动语态和被动语态的转换
·
考点一.被动语态整体结构
be➕V过分➕(by sb 可省略)
3个一般时
一般现在时
is / am / are➕V过分
一般过去时
was / were➕V过分
一般将来时
will be➕V过分
2个进行时
现在进行时
is / am / are➕being➕V过分
过去进行时
was / were➕being➕V过分
3个完成时
现在完成时
have / has been➕V过分
现在
过去完成时
had been➕V过分
将来完成时
will have been➕V过分
祈使句被动语态:don't➕be➕V过分
情态动词被动语态:情态动词➕be➕V过分
考点二、被动语态中【主动表示被动】情况
① 不及物动词 / 部分动词短语,无被动语态,用主动表被动
② 系动词,主动表被动
③ 及物动词表示主语某种性质,用主动表被动
④ 动介短语用被动,动介短语看成整体
⑤ ving形式表被动:need、want、require、worth
⑥ 常见开始/结束的一类词:begin、over、start (主动表被动)
⑦ 感官动词 / 使役动词【➕to】,表被动
考点三.重点词组
be used to do sth 被用来做… be made of/from 由…制成
be covered with/by 被…覆盖 be filled with=be full of 充满…
be sold out 被卖完 be seen/noticed to do 被注意/听到…
be made to do sth 被迫做…
考点四.常见句型
1. It is said that 从句
2. It is agreed that 从句
3. It is known that 从句
4. It is taken for granted that 从句 → 认为...理所应当
被动语态专项训练
一、单项选择
1.(2024·安徽·中考真题)The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it.
A.holds B.will hold C.is held D.will be held
2.(2024·安徽六安·模拟预测)—Daniel, you must say goodbye to your good friend Bill quickly. He ________ to another city tomorrow.
—Thanks. I have to go now.
A.will be taken B.are taken C.were taken D.have taken
3.(2024·安徽合肥·一模)It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture ________ in Xiaoyaojin Park.
A.was taken B.takes C.is taken D.took
4.(2024·安徽安庆·三模)—Mum, could I watch the movie YOLO (《热辣滚烫》) starring Jia Ling tonight?
—Of course, if your homework ______.
A.finishes B.finished C.was finished D.is finished
5.(2024·安徽芜湖·一模)—What are you reading?
—Ordinary World, a book which ________ by Lu Yao in 1988.
A.written B.was written C.was writing D.has being written
6.(2024·安徽宿州·二模)Shenzhou 18, carrying three astronauts, ________ to China Space Station in April, 2024.
A.sent B.will send C.was sent D.will be sent
7.(2024·安徽淮北·三模)The knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine ________ on by our ancestors long ago.
A.pass B.passes C.was passed D.was passing
8.(2024·安徽马鞍山·三模)—The local govermment has paid more attention to the happiness of the old people.
—That’s true. Many activities ________ every month to make their lives colourful.
A.hold B.held C.are held D.were held
9.(2024·安徽六安·三模)Some free health services ________ for the old people in the countryside in the near future.
A.provides B.is provided C.is providing D.will be provided
10.(2024·安徽芜湖·三模)Some useful websites for English learners ________ in yesterday’s discussion.
A.have shared B.was introduced C.were exchanging D.were mentioned
11.(2024·安徽芜湖·三模)An activity about protecting the environment ________ by us in the town center next weekend.
A.will hold B.holds C.was held D.will be held
二、单词拼写
12.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)We are e (期望) to check the papers carefully to avoid some careless mistakes.
13.(2024·安徽·模拟预测)The plan for our May Day holiday may be c (取消) because of the heavy storm.
14.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)The artists are e (鼓励) to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms.
15.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)When the computer was i (发明) more than 70 years ago, it was very big.
16.(2024·安徽芜湖·二模)If we drop litter in a public place, we will be f (罚款) by police.
17.(2024·安徽宿州·二模)The sports meeting has been c (取消) because of the bad weather.
18.(2024·安徽合肥·一模)At the end of the meal in China, you will usually be s (提供) with fruit.
19.(2024·安徽芜湖·一模)You should put the waste paper in a bag. It can be r (回收利用).
20.(2024·安徽安庆·一模)Shi Chuanying, a girl from Guizhou, was i (邀请) to Milan Fashion Week last year.
21.(2024·安徽宣城·一模)Yesterday he was p (惩罚) by his father for not telling the truth.
22.(2024·安徽芜湖·一模)You can believe in him, for the whole thing is c (证实).
23.(2024·安徽阜阳·一模)Most of the earth’s surface is c (覆盖) by water.
24.(2024·安徽阜阳·一模)Teenagers should be a (允许) to get their ears pierced.
25.(2022·安徽安庆·一模)We will be p (惩罚) if we take no action to protect the environment.
基础巩固
从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空,每词限用一次。
stay plant read make use
say drive bring jump speak
1.—Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day?
—Of course. Chinese ____________ by more and more people around the world nowadays.
2.To make the environment much better, more trees ____________________ next year.
3.When Linda saw the bicycle, she ________ for joy because it was what she wanted.
4.—Has your cousin returned from the USA?
—No. She ____________ there for another week.
5.Sorry, buddy. I ____________ at the moment. Can I call you back later?
6.My mind wasn't on what he ____________. So I'm afraid I have missed a lot.
7.This book must be great. My sister __________ it five times.
8.It is reported that the new technology ________________ widely in a short time.
9.The young man was ____ to do heavy work by the boss.
10.Sweet memories were ________ back when I saw these old things.
能力提升
Kayla was beginning a pottery(制陶手艺) class. She was very excited. She had seen pictures of American Indian pottery at school. That was when she started to 1 it. So now she was going to learn how to make pottery herself.
During the first class, Kayla and the other kids 2 safety. There were several sharp(锋利的) tools and a hot kiln(窑) in the classroom. So everyone had to know how 3 it might be.
When everyone was 4 , their teacher showed them how to work the clay. For the next few classes, Kayla and the other kids practiced different 5 of pottery. They used clay in different ways and tried making different things. Kayla thought this was a lot of fun.
6 , it was time for the students to make their own pottery. Kayla 7 to make a plate. She got the clay she needed and 8 the clay into a plate. When the plate was dry, Kayla painted it. When Kayla finished her 9 , the paint was allowed to dry.
Then the 10 taught Kayla how to put glaze(釉) on her plate. It was time to fire the plate in the kiln. Kayla's plate turned out beautifully, and she couldn't wait to show it to her parents.
1.A. love B. doubt C. visit D. record
2.A. heard of B. learnt about C. gave up D. waited for
3.A. clean B. easy C. modern D. dangerous
4.A. ready B. active C. correct D. excited
5.A. copies B. prices C. kinds D. backgrounds
6.A. Luckily B. Clearly C. Finally D. Usually
7.A. refused B. decided C. promised D. remembered
8.A. shaped B. sent C. preferred D. put
9.A. homework B. meal C. test D. picture
10.A. classmate B. kid C. teacher D. guide
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