北京市北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题

丰台区2024~2025学年度第一学期期末练习 高一英语 2025.01 1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育D号用黑色字 迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育D号、姓名，在答题卡的 “条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 考 2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂 生 方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。 须 知 非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无 效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My Masterpiece I had always wanted to try one of those guided painting classes where an instructor()tells you how to draw step by step.So I,with my friend Ella, signed up a 1 class. Our first task was to paint a white vase()of yellow sunflowers against a blue background.As the class began,we were asked to paint our canvas()blue. It was 2 to follow the instructor and I could tell I was a natural.I even started thinking about where I would3 my new masterpiece. Almost immediately after that,however,I began to 4 serious difticulties. The first line of my vase looked perfect,but when I continued to paint,my hand slipped,causing an imperfect line.I tried to cover it,but it was no use. Things went downhill5after that.The sunflower leaves looked like fat,green caterpillars().My numerous attempts to 6 them just made them worse. Feeling 7,I glanced(at others'paintings.When I said Ella's was better,she looked surprised."No,they're not.I messed up in at least five places." After a few seconds,she asked,"If you like mine,why don't we8 paintings?" 高一英语第1页（共12页） Up until that moment,yet for some reasons,giving it away felt wrong.No,it wasn't a perfect painting,but it was mine-the first one I had ever9 That was two years ago,and since then I've taken a few more classes and gotten better at following the instructor's directions.And my sunflower painting still hangs in the most prominent(显眼的)place in my room-as 10 as it is, that painting makes me feel happy now. 1.A.painting B.science C.language D.music 2.A.funny B.noisy C.easy D.lucky 3.A.hide B.hang C.draw D.replace 4.A.think of B.put up C.deal with D.run into 5.A.carefully B.rapidly C.formally D.widely 6.A.accept B.organize C.fix D.discuss 7.A.respectful B.disappointed C.frightened D.attractive 8A.display B.collect C.exchange D.decorate 9.A.created B.received C.bought D.prepared 10.A.true B.classic C.unfinished D.imperfect 二、阅读理解（共16小题；每小题2.5分，共40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In 1957,humans sent the first artificial satellite into space.Today,nearly 70 years later,experts predict some 100 trillion pieces of human-made objects are encircling our planet. Those objects are travelling at speeds of about 17,000 miles an hour.A collision()between space junk and things like the International Space Station or working satellites oan be dangerous."It's only getting more crowded."says Moriba Jah,Nat Geo Explorer and space environmentalist."There's no garbage removal in space,so it keeps becoming more difficult to travel in." Luckily,scientists are working on ideas that might one day help clean up space junk.Here are four that experts have considered,plus some of the most unusual space junk that's ever orbited our planet. 高一英语第2页（共12页) Self-destructing Satellite Trash-zapping Lasers A satellite called Clear Laser Orbital Debris Space-1 would find and (轨道碎片)Removal grab space junk with uses lasers technology to clean up jellyfish like tentacles(触手).Once full,. debris.It fires lasers at the debris to the satellite would fall back toward push it off its path.Then the junk Earth,where it would burn up in Earth's would either burn up in Earth's atmosphere. atmosphere or fall into the ocean. Space Balloon Wall of Water The Orbit Lowering Device Another idea involves would attach a gas-filled releasing water from balloon as wide as a rockets.The water would hit space football field to large pieces of space junk and cause the debris to slow trash.This would slow down the objects down or fall out of its path into so they would reenter Earth's atmosphere Earth's atmosphere. and burn up. Some of these ideas have been questioned.So Jah wants to look at solutions like designing reusable,recyclable satellites."We need to come up with other ways to keep space clean that don't further pollute our own planet,"he says. 11.What is the second paragraph mainly about? A.The problems space junk brings.B.The history of artificial satellites. C.The ways of protecting our planet.D.The advice scientists have given 12.How does Clear Space-1 work? A.By applying laser technology. B.By pushing the debris off its path. C.By releasing water from rockets.t D.By using tentacles like jellyfish. 13.Which of the following is designed to deal with large space trash? A.Wall of Water. B.Space Balluon. C.Trash-zapping lasers. D.Self-destructing Satellite 14.What might be a shared concern over the four ideas? A.They could cost too much money.B.They could make more space trash. C.They might pollute our planet,D.They might hurt working satellites. 高一英语第3页（共12页） B Danny was just putting his cleats(into his locker when his teammate, Max,informed him that Mr.Irving,the prineipal wanted to see bim in the office. He headed for the office,wondering why.He was a fairly good student,so it wasn't his grades.Though,to be honest,he'd been making things alittle werse, especially that last math test-ouch.But this was the first time the bascball team had run for the state championship in 11 years and as the star pitcher(明星投手)， Danny had helped take them there.Surely there is nothing that can't be forgiving. Taking a big breath,he stepped inside to find Mr.Irving,Coach Geller,and surprisingly,his mother waiting for him,who scemed to have cried.Uh,oh.He must really be in trouble. Mr.Irving broke the news that Danny wouldn't be able to play in the last game of the championship.Coach Geller had accidentally left Danny's name off the roster((候选名单)，and additions weren't allowed after it was handed in. "We're very sorry,Danny,"said Mr.Irving,"I have been trying to fix it,but so far,no luck."Danny didn't know what to say. As the game began,Danny cheered for his team,feeling a mix of emotions as its score rose and fell.In the bottom of the ninth,Simo hit a winning run,ensuring the victory for their team.Danny exploded out of his seat and rushed to the field to celebrate with his teammates,giving each other high-fives. That night,as he told the story,his mother listened quietly and said,"You should have played.That was your victory,and it was taken from you." "No way,"he said with the biggest smile of his life."That win today?That was my win,and Max's,and Simo's too.Don't you get it,Mom?That's what it means to be part of a team.I helped get us to the championship.And in my own way,I helped win it,too." His mother looked at him almost like she'd never seen him before.Then she smiled and hugged him tightly. "You're right,Danny!Three cheers for your big win!" 15.How did Danny feel before stepping into the office? A.Disappointed. B.Excited. C.Anxious. D.Hopeful. 高一英语第4页（共12页） 16.What news did Danny learn from Mr.Irving? A.He became a bench player. B.His math grades dropped a lat. C.He wasn't chosen as a star pitcher. D.His name wasn't on the team list. 17.What is the right order of the following events? ①Danny had a big win. 2The roster was handed in 3Danny celebrated the victory with his teammates. Mr.Irving tried to fix the mistake but failed A.②④③①B.①②③④ C.②①④③ D.①③④② 18.What can we learn from Danny's story? A.Two heads are better than one. B.No way is impossible to courage C.The victory of a team is true victory. D.He that falls today may be up again tomorrow C Firstly,I know this is a first world problem and I need to "dry my eyes".I have a very small dishwasher in a very small kitchen.The other week when a friend showed me her new house with a big kitchen and a large dishwasher,I felt my throat got tight.I didn't quite know what to say.And why did I even compare my life with other people's life? Maybe you'll agree you have a similar experience.Why is this?I think a huge factor is how addicted we've all become to social media.We stare at people's beautiful vacation photos at some great party wondering,"Why isn't my life like that?"We forget that what we see are the carefully edited highlights of a person's life aiming to give an impression of what they want to see-not necessarily how their life actually is. Social media seem to give us anxiety that we aren't doing as well as others or living up to expectations that we put on ourselves.On a good day,we can use this life envy to inspire ourselves-if they can do it,so can we!But on a bad day,we 高一英语第5页（共12页） just feel angry,sad,disappointed,and worst of all,bitter.No one wants to admit to feeling envious.It is such a prohibited subject-desiring what others have. So how do we overcome our little green-eyed monster?Stepping away from social media is a start.The less we pay attention to what other people are doing,the fewer opportunities we have to compare ourselves to them.Next step is to give ourselves some tolerance()and know that it's a completely natural feeling.It doesn't make us bad persons;it's just a part of being human. And most importantly,we need to start focusing on ourselves instead of others. The root of the problem is more a problem with how we're feeling about ourselves than those we envy.My mom used to always tell me to "row your own boat"and I think about that little phrase all the time.It may not be the biggest for it-and who knows where the journey will take us?Sure it beats feeling envious. 19.Describing his/her personal experience,the author aims to A.introduce a topic B.give a suggestiou- C.present a definition D.highlight an opinion 20.What does the author think of social media? A.It weakens face-to-face communication. B.It helps to overcome negative feelings: C.It brings information-sharing culturet D.It fails to truly reflect people's life. 21.Which of the following might the author agree with? A.Noticing Tom's new car,you post your car photos to impress others. B.Seeing Mark's success in business,you think you are not as good as him. C.Knowing Amy's moved to a big house,you think it wrong to feel unhappy. D.Hearing Betty has got a nice new job,you shift your focus on what you have. 22.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A.To inform us of the ways to cure anxiety. B.To tell us how to deal with feeling envious. C.To warn us of the bad effects of social media D.To explain why people always compare with others 高一英语第6页（共12页） D When considering the members of my social network,I often find myself enveloped in pure feelings of love and warmth.affection and support.A handful, however farouse'quite different emotions-a mixture of eagerness and fear.In the right mood,these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening,but at the wrong moment,they can exhaust all my goodwill.If this sounds familiar,then you too have frenemies.Psychologists call them"ambivalent relationships".According to a wealth of research these relationships are often more stressful.They can damage your mental and physical health. Knowing this,the simple solution would seem to be to cut ties with these people.But our relationships with frenemies aren't simple and ditching() them isn't always possible or even desirable. To capture interpersonal dynamics,Julianne Holt-Lunstad and her Utah-based Brigham Young University colleagues designed a scale identifying four relationship categories.Try it:pick people in your network and answer two questions on a 1-6 scale.When you are feeling in need of advice,understanding or a favour,how helpful is your connection?Likewise,how upsetting is your connection? People scoring 1 on both are indifferent relationships.Those who score high on helpfulness and low on upset are supportive ties;low on helpfulness and high on upset are aversive relationships;both high indicate ambivalent connections- frenemies.They may be incredibly generous when you have a problem yet can also lash out (with a bitter put-down when they feel envious or threatened. We might hope the good outweighs the bad in such relationships,but research complicates this.Holt-Lunstad's team found that simply knowing that an ambivalent connection was in the next room as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing.It also slowed their recovery after the task.In fact,even unintentional reminders of a frenemy can shatter our peace of mind. Furthermore,ambivalent connections contribute to telomere decline.Telomeres, protective caps at chromosome()ends,prevent DNA damage during cell 高一语 1 division.As we age,telomeres wear down,and,when they become too short,cells may start to malfunction or die.Shorter telomeres increase the risk of age-related diseases. The problems of ambivalent connections are hard to solve,especially in work or family.Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection,so that we could manage expectations,focus more on the good in these people and feel compassion for their unpleasant streaks,while also attempting to reduce contact when they cause stresses.Just as importantly this has prompted me to consider my own behavior-are there relationships in which I am the frenemy? 23.What does the underlined word"ambivalent"in paragraph 1 mean? A.Giving help or encouragement. B.Continuing or developing gradually. C.Having a mixture of opposing feelings. D.Happening sometimes and not at other times. 24.The author uses Julianne Holt-Lunstad's scale to A.measure the level of generosity in friendships B.predict the outcome of conflicts with frenemies C.show it's difficult to break up with.frenemie D.compare the benefits of different connections 25.What can we learn about frenemies from the passage? A.Ambivalent connections can shorten telomere to prevent DNA damage. B.Frenemies don't need to say a word to cause anxiety. C.Interacting with frenemies hardly results in helpful connections. D.High expectations on frenemies improve the relationship 26.What's the best title for the passage? A.Understanding and Managing Frenemies B.The Complexities of Human Relationships C.The Impact of Frenemies on Our Well-being D.The Doubre-Edged Sword of Social Connections 高一英语第8页（共12页） 三、阅读回答问题（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A child excitedly opens a present,but after seeing the toy,she shifts her focus to the wrapping paper,box,or ribbon()She might place the box on her head or tie the ribbon to a table leg.This is open-ended play,where children use everyday objects in creative,unstructured ways.It's child-directed,with no set outcome.Research shows open-ended play is beneticial in sometimes surprising ways. Open-ended play starts with the objects children play with.Unlike electronic toys or movie-based toys,open-ended toys-often called "loose parts"-give children the room to do something new.Loose parts can include egg holders, seashells,or cardboard boxes and other common objects.They are the basis for imaginative play that helps children become more creative. When a child picks up a stick and imagines it as a horse or telescope,she is exercising the ability to create and to think for herself.Each step in the process of free play is valuable.The process begins with choosing an object,then transforming()it in her imagination into something new with its own purpose. Manufactured(toys do not give the mind the same freedom to imagine as do common objects that do not come with expectations or history. Obviously,adult-directed activities are more controlled and more predictable, and often shield children from making mistakes.Open-ended play allows children to follow their interests and to make mistakes.With parents playing a more passive role,children are responsible for these mistakes.This allows for more chances to solve problems and creates opportunities for children to be successful,building confidence in their ability to reason. The reality of modern life is that much of children's lives will be structured. But it does not all have to be.When parents,teachers,and caregivers take a step back,they open the door wider for children to create and learn. 27.What is open-ended play? 28.Why are open-ended toys called "loose parts"? 高一英语第9页（共12页） 29.What is the benefit of children imagining a stick as a horse? 30.What does the underlined word"shield"in Paragraph 4 mean? 31.What is the main idea of this passage? 四、任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在表格的横线上填词，每空填写一个单词。 请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A Hero's Second Chance On Dec.26,Gelinne,60,was looking out the back windows of his home at the frozen lake.Then an airplane came into his sight.Gelinne looked up just in time to see that small airplane a few hundred yards away,losing control. As the plane disappeared behind the trees,Gelinne,a retired Navy() officer,realized it was going to land in the lake.He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier:Gelinne was at work in a bank.When a fire alarm rang, he escaped from the chaos()but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped. On this day,Gelinne didn't hesitate.He ran down to the a tail wing waterfront.The plane had skidded(to a stop on the broad, frozen lake,far from shore.It was now sinking.The pilot was standing on the wing.Gelinne knew trom his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water could kill the pilot. Gelinne tested the ice with his foot and decided not to take any chances walking on it.So he pulled a boat out from under his back deck. Then he set off,pushing his boat across the ice.It was tough work.When Gelinne reached the plane,it had broken through the ice and sunk;only its tail could be seen.The pilot was standing on a tail wing under the water and the water reaches as high as his chest.Gelinne pushed his boat off the ice and into the water, paddling()toward the pilot. 高一英语第10页（共12页）