2025年中考英语复习宾语从句详解+题目训练

英语宾语从句详解+题目训练 1、 【定义】 名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语等词之后的从句称为宾语从句（即从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.）。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 2、 【重要性】：中高考必考、写作中可用的高级句型。 3、 【连接词】 1. 宾语从句的从属连词：that , if , whether。 that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，可省略，不翻译。 if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。 例如: He told me that he would go to the college the next year. 他告诉我他将在下一年上大学。 I don’t know if there will be a bus. 我不知道是否会有公交车。 2. 宾语从句的连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whoever, whatever, whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问，但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。 例如：Do you know who has won this game? 你知道谁赢了这一局游戏吗? The book will show you what the best CEO should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么 3. 宾语从句的连接副词：when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。 例如：He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。 Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? 你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?　 4、 【语序】：连接代词/副词+陈述句语序（主语+谓语+其他成分）。 例如：I don’t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave? 5、 【时态规则】 1. 主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。 例如：I don’t know when he will come back tomorrow. 2. 主句是一般过去时，从句为过去某个时态。 例如：He asked me when I bought the pen. 3. 注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。 例如：He argued that the Sun rises from the east. 6、 【分类和用法】 1. 动词的宾语从句 （1） 主语后的大多数动词，后方都可以带宾语从句 例如：He told us that they would help us . 他告诉我们他会帮忙我们。 （2） 主语后的部分“动词+副词”结构，后方也可以带宾语从句 例如：I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了。 （3） 动词短语也可以带宾语从句。 例如： Make sure that you turn off the lights before going out. 确保你出去之前把灯关了。 （4） 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 ①动词find, feel, consider, make, believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。 例如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。 We all find it important that we (should) learn English well. 我们都认为学好英语很重要。 ②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it。这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have。 例如：I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。 2. 介词的宾语从句 例如：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club。 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。 3. 形容词的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised。 例如： I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试。 I am sorry that I troubled you so long.很抱这么长时间在打扰你。 4. if和whether在宾语从句中的区别 （1） if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder, find out等之后。介词后一般不用if。 （2） 少数动词，如:leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether。 （3） whether后可以加or not，但是if不可以。 （4） 在不定式前只能用whether。 例如： I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 （5） 避免歧义时,我们常用whether而不用if。 5. 特殊用法： （1）否定前移及反意疑问句：在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect 等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，宾语从句否定式应转移到主句上去。完成反意疑问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称） 例如：I don’t think he will come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会。 而不能说成 I think he won’t come to my party. I don't believe they have finished their work yet, have they？ （2） 用虚拟语气的情况：在表示建议 suggest , advise； 要求 demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 决定 decide; 命令 order、command; 坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气）。 例如：I suggested that you（should）study hard. He ordered that we should go out at once． 注：掌握宾语从句主要抓住三要素： 1. 连接词：主要靠翻译 2. 语序：陈述句 3. 时态：一般和主句一样 题目训练 1. Can you tell me ____? A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where he live D. he lives where 1. I don’t know ____ the meeting will start. A. when B. what C. who D. which 1. She asked me if ____ to the park with her. A. I will go B. I would go C. will I go D. would I go 1. Do you know ____? A. how old is he B. how old he is C. how he old is D. he is how old 1. The teacher told us that the earth ____ around the sun. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 1. I wonder ____ he can come to my party or not. A. whether B. if C. that D. what 1. Could you tell me ____ the book is? A. how much B. how many C. how often D. how long 1. She doesn’t know ____ she should do next. A. how B. what C. that D. where 1. He asked me ____ I had seen his pen. A. that B. if C. what D. which 1. Do you know ____ he is waiting for? A. who B. what C. which D. where 1. I want to know ____ it will rain tomorrow. A. if B. that C. what D. who 1. The boy asked his mother ____ he could watch TV. A. that B. if C. what D. which 1. I’m not sure ____ he will be back. A. when B. what C. who D. which 1. She wants to know ____ you are from. A. where B. what C. that D. who 1. We don’t know ____ the story is true or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 1. Can you tell me ____? A. what’s the matter B. what the matter is C. what matter is D. the matter is what 1. He asked me ____ I liked English. A. that B. if C. what D. which 1. Do you know ____ he got to school this morning? A. how B. what C. that D. where 1. I wonder ____ she was late for school. A. why B. what C. that D. where 1. She told me that she ____ to the park the next day. A. will go B. would go C. goes D. went 1. I don’t know ____ he has finished his homework. A. that B. if C. what D. which 1. The man asked the waitress ____ there was any coffee left. A. that B. if C. what D. which 1. Do you know ____ the new teacher looks like? A. how B. what C. that D. where 1. I’m not sure ____ book this is. A. whose B. who C. which D. what 1. He wants to know ____ you can help him. A. that B. if C. what D. which 1. She asked me ____ I was reading. A. that B. if C. what D. which 1. I wonder ____ he will come to see me this weekend. A. that B. if C. what D. which 1. Do you know ____ the post office is? A. where B. what C. that D. who 1. He told me that he ____ for Shanghai the day before. A. left B. has left C. had left D. would leave 1. I don’t know ____ she is so happy today. A. why B. what C. that D. where 1. The girl wondered ____ she could pass the exam. A. that B. if C. what D. which 1. Do you know ____ is in the box? A. what B. that C. who D. which 1. I’m not sure ____ he is a good student or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 1. She asked me ____ my name was. A. that B. if C. what D. which 1. He wants to know ____ you are going to do this Sunday. A. that B. if C. what D. which 二、文章填空题（3篇） （一） I have a friend. His name is Tom. One day, he asked me 1. ____ (if / that) I wanted to go fishing with him. I told him 2. ____ (that / whether) I was very busy that day. He also wondered 3. ____ (when / what) I would be free. I said I didn’t know 4. ____ (how / if) I could have time in the next few days. Then he asked me 5. ____ (where / that) I usually went fishing. I told him there was a nice place near my hometown. （二） My sister is a student. She often asks me many questions. For example, she wanted to know 1. ____ (that / if) she could use my computer. I told her 2. ____ (that / whether) she could use it after she finished her homework. She also asked me 2. ____ (when / what) time I usually got up in the morning. I said 3. ____ (that / whether) I usually got up at six o’clock. And she was curious about 4. ____ (how / if) I went to school. I told her 5. ____ (that / whether) I went to school by bike. （三） Yesterday, we had a class meeting. Our teacher told us 1. ____ (that / if) we would have an English test next week. Some students asked 2. ____ (what / that) they should do to prepare for it. The teacher said 3. ____ (that / whether) they should review the grammar and vocabulary. Then a student wondered 4. ____ (if / that) the test would be difficult. The teacher replied 5. ____ (that / whether) it would not be too difficult if they studied hard. 答案与解析 一、单项选择题答案 1. B。宾语从句语序为陈述句语序，A为疑问句语序；C中live形式错误；D语序错误。 1. A。根据句子意思，询问会议开始的时间，用when。 1. B。主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态，且为陈述句语序，“will”要变为“would”。 1. B。宾语从句语序为陈述句语序，A为疑问句语序。 1. B。客观事实用一般现在时，the earth是第三人称单数，所以动词用goes。 1. A。“or not”与“whether”连用，表示“是否”。 1. A。询问书的价格用“how much”。 1. B。根据句子意思，她不知道接下来该做什么，用“what”。 1. B。根据句子意思，询问是否看到他的笔，用“if”。 1. A。根据句子意思，等待的是人，用“who”。 1. A。根据句子意思，想知道明天是否下雨，用“if”。 1. B。根据句子意思，询问是否可以看电视，用“if”。 1. A。根据句子意思，不确定他什么时候回来，用“when”。 1. A。询问来自哪里，用“where”。 1. B。“or not”与“whether”连用，表示“是否”。 1. A。“what’s the matter”在宾语从句中语序不变。 1. B。根据句子意思，询问是否喜欢英语，用“if”。 1. A。询问到达学校的方式，用“how”。 1. A。根据句子意思，想知道为什么迟到，用“why”。 1. B。主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态，“will”要变为“would”。 1. B。根据句子意思，不知道是否完成作业，用“if”。 1. B。根据句子意思，询问是否还有咖啡，用“if”。 1. B。询问长相用“what…look like”。 1. A。根据句子意思，不确定是谁的书，用“whose”。 1. B。根据句子意思，想知道是否能帮忙，用“if”。 1. C。根据句子意思，询问正在读什么，用“what”。 1. B。根据句子意思，想知道是否会来看我，用“if”。 1. A。询问邮局的位置，用“where”。 1. C。主句是一般过去时，宾语从句中“the day before”表示过去的过去，要用过去完成时。 1. A。根据句子意思，不知道为什么这么高兴，用“why”。 1. B。根据句子意思，想知道是否能通过考试，用“if”。 1. A。根据句子意思，询问盒子里是什么，用“what”。 1. B。“or not”与“whether”连用，表示“是否”。 1. C。询问名字是什么，用“what”。 1. C。根据句子意思，想知道周日打算做什么，用“what”。 二、文章填空题答案与解析 （一） 1. if。根据句子意思，询问是否想去钓鱼，用if。 1. that。这里只是陈述一个事实，用that。 1. when。根据句子意思，想知道什么时候有空，用when。 1. if。根据句子意思，不知道是否有时间，用if。 1. where。询问钓鱼的地点，用where。 （二） 1. if。根据句子意思，询问是否可以用电脑，用if。 1. that。这里只是陈述一个事实，用that。 1. what。询问具体的时间点，用what time。 1. how。根据句子意思，询问上学的方式，用how。 1. that。这里只是陈述一个事实，用that。 （三） 1. that。这里只是陈述一个事实，用that。 1. what。根据句子意思，询问应该做什么，用what。 1. that。这里只是陈述一个事实，用that。 1. if。根据句子意思，询问考试是否难，用if。 1. that。这里只是陈述一个事实，用that。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$