话题17 科普知识-【一战成名新中考】2025福建厦门中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·话题读写思维训练（讲册）

话题读写思维训练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 话 题 读 写 进 阶 练 话题 17　 科普知识 (8 年 10 考) 【话题角度】自然科普、人文科普(8 年 6 考)、事物发展史(8 年 4 考) 【教材单元链接】 八下 U7 What􀆳s the highest mountain in the world? 世界地理与自然 九全 U8 It must belong to Carla. Section B 神秘事物 话题语篇“精讲” What can trees tell us about climate(气候) change? Quite a lot, actually! But to understand what the trees tell us, we first have to understand the differences between weather and climate. Weather is a specific ( 具 体 的 ) event—like a rainstorm or hot day—that happens over a short period of time. Weather can be tracked ( 追踪) within hours or days. Climate is the weather conditions in a place over a long period of time(30 years or more). Scientists at the National Weather Service have been keeping track of weather in the United States since 1891. But trees can keep a much longer record of Earth􀆳s climate. In fact, trees can live for hundreds—and sometimes even thousands of years. One way that scientists use trees to learn about the past climate is by studying a tree􀆳s rings. If you􀆳ve ever seen a tree stump(树桩), you probably noticed that the top of the stump had some rings. These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year of the tree􀆳s life. The light-colored rings represent wood that grew in spring and early summer, while the dark rings represent wood that grew in late summer and fall. One light ring and one dark ring represent one year of the tree􀆳s life. Because trees are sensitive to local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature, they give scientists some information about that area􀆳s local climate in the past. For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and they are thinner in years when it is cold and dry. If the tree has experienced difficult conditions, such as a drought(干旱), the tree might hardly grow at all in those years. 1. 新考法·写作手法 How does the writer develop Paragraph 2? 　 　 　 　 A. By making comparisons. B. By telling stories. C. By listing numbers. D. By following the time order. 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? 　 　 　 　 A. The influence of trees on climate. B. The reasons for climate change. C. The differences between weather and climate. D. The history of using trees to learn about the past climate. 571 话题读写思维训练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 话 题 读 写 进 阶 练 3. 新考法·英英释义 What does the underlined phrase “ are sensitive to” in the last paragraph mean? 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　A. Get used to. B. Are easily influenced by. C. Help to protect. D. Make a big difference to. 4. Which of the following best shows the rings in dry seasons? 　 　 　 　 5. What could be the best title of the text? 　 　 　 　 A. The Life of a Tree B. Tree Rings and Seasons C. The Need for Planting Trees D. Trees and Climate Change 语篇研读 1. Theme(主题):人与自然———身边的自然现象与生态环境 2. What(主旨):介绍了树木年轮如何反映气候变化 3. Why(意图):引导学生通过观察自然界的现象来探究科学问题,同时激发他们对自然界和环境变 化的兴趣。 4. How(结构): 读后迁移练 句子仿写 1. between􀆺 and􀆺 在……和……之间 仿写:　 　 　 　 　 2. in fact 事实上;实际上 仿写:　 　 　 　 　 671 话题读写思维训练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 话 题 读 写 进 阶 练 话题语篇“精练” Passage 1【2024 广安改编】 There is a small thing we use every day. We usually 　 1　 it in the bathroom. If we don􀆳t use it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess what it is? Yes, it􀆳s the toothbrush. But do you know 　 2　 about its history? Before toothbrushes appeared, the 　 3 　 Chinese people cleaned their teeth with some small tree branches(树枝). About 800 years ago, people 　 4　 a kind of toothbrushes with pig hair and bamboo. It might be the world􀆳s earliest form of toothbrushes. As time went by, the form of toothbrushes 　 5　 . For example, people didn􀆳t use pig hair to make toothbrushes 　 6　 it was too hard(硬的). They began to use horse-tail hair which was much softer. Imagine that you travel back to hundreds of years ago and brush your teeth 　 7　 . It sounds fantastic, doesn􀆳t it? Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It became 　 8　 among local people soon. The 　 9　 of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we get into the good 　 10　 of brushing teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　( C )1. A. get B. take C. put ( B )2. A. nothing B. anything C. everything ( A )3. A. ancient B. brave C. free ( C )4. A. showed B. repaired C. made ( B )5. A. appeared B. changed C. discovered ( A )6. A. because B. so C. or ( C )7. A. badly B. hardly C. comfortably ( A )8. A. popular B. different C. strange ( B )9. A. action B. invention C. tradition ( B )10. A. task B. habit C. result 读后迁移练 一材多设 新考法·细节排序 Which of the following is the correct order of the text? 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 a. Chinese toothbrushes have become popular in Europe. b. People used tree branches to brush teeth. c. People made a kind of much softer toothbrush from horse-tail. d. People began to take pig hair and bamboo as materials. A. a-b-c-d B. a-c-d-b C. c-a-b-d D. b-d-c-a 771 话题读写思维训练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 话 题 读 写 进 阶 练 Passage 2 Flowers Show Personality 　 　 It􀆳s flower season! Which flower do you like best? The flower you pick may say something about you. A survey was made in Class 1, Grade 9 about students􀆳 favourite flower. Here are the results: Daisy 12%　 Lily 23%　 Tulip 30%　 Rose 35% Tulip: You are afraid of failure and dare not try. But you are a thoughtful and steady ( 稳重的) person. You are just short of courage. You may need to wait for someone to guide you to get out of the comfortable area. Face the challenges in life, and you will have success. Rose: You are simple and you often see things differently. But you are too worried about the opinions of others. If you want to be successful, you􀆳d better be confident in yourself, stick to your dream and not be shaken by others. Believe in yourself and you can make it. Daisy: You􀆳re born to be a leader, and you have a great sense of responsibility. You always put yourself in the situation of leading, and you enjoy it. But you need to listen to the opinions of the people around you. Lily: It is easy for you to notice chances. You seem to know things ahead and you like planning for the coming events. However, you are not careful enough. You should think twice about what you say and do. 1. What percent of students in the survey like tulip? 　 　 　 　 A. 12%. B. 23%. C. 30%. D. 35%. 2. Which of the following is TRUE about the personality? 　 　 　 　 A. A person who likes lilies doesn􀆳t like planning ahead. B. A person who likes roses cares for others􀆳 opinions. C. A person who likes daisies is sure to be a good leader. D. A person who likes tulips is brave to try new things. 3. Which picture shows a person who has a strong sense of duty? 　 　 　 　 4. What is the advice for people who are careless? 　 　 　 　 A. To face the challenges in life. B. To stick to their dreams. C. To listen to others􀆳 opinions. D. To think carefully before acting. 5. In which section of a magazine can you probably read the text? 　 　 　 　 A. Biology. B. History. C. Technology. D. Sports. 871 话题读写思维训练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 话 题 读 写 进 阶 练 读后迁移练 句子仿写 1. dare (to) do sth. 敢于做某事 仿写: 　 2. be short of􀆺 缺乏…… 仿写: 　 Passage 3【2024 临沂改编】 It can be really embarrassing if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don􀆳t feel bad about it! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of advantages. You probably know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps us do things like making plans and managing our feelings. Talking to yourself loud is like showing this quiet inner(内在的) speech. It can help us do better in different areas like school, sports and work. Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can help us manage bad feelings. “ Talking to yourself in the third person is like giving yourself advice,” said Jason Moser, a professor(教授) from Michigan State University, US. Moser uses himself in an example. He does not like flying, but he has to fly often for his work. So when he is feeling nervous or afraid during a flight(航班), he talks to himself, “Well, you know, Jason knows air travel is very safe. And Jason has been on thousands of flights.” This can help us to see things from a different aspect especially when we􀆳re feeling sad or angry. When encouragement comes from oneself, it adds to self-confidence. A study invited 72 tennis players to take part in some matches. Researchers(调查者) put the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better than those in the silent group. Self-talk also helps to improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to someone else read and listening to a recording of oneself reading. Those who read out loud recalled the information the best, researchers said in their study. It􀆳s because the information will probably become a long-term memory if it is said out loud. 1. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? 　 　 　 　 A. Talking to yourself. B. The brain. C. Thinking. D. The speech. 2. 新考法·英英释义 What does the underlined word “ aspect” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? 　 　 　 　 A. Face. B. Side. C. Meaning. D. Direction. 3. What􀆳s the main idea of Paragraph 4? 　 　 　 　 A. Talking to yourself helps to find out the best players. B. Talking to yourself helps to make players happier. C. Talking to yourself helps to make you more confident. D. Talking to yourself helps to improve players􀆳 talking skills. 971 话题读写思维训练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 话 题 读 写 进 阶 练 4. 新考法·篇章结构 What􀆳s the structure of the text? 　 　 　 　 5. What could be the best title of the text? 　 　 　 　 A. The Reasons of Talking to Yourself B. The Influence of Talking to Yourself C. The Wonder of Talking to Yourself D. The Truth of Talking to Yourself Passage 4【2024 三明二检】 From red apples and yellow lemons to blueberries and green melons, fruit comes in many different colors. Why do different kinds of fruit have so many colors? Fruit colors actually come from their different pigments(色素), such as red or yellow carotenoid(类胡 萝卜素) and blue or purple anthocyanin ( 花青素). These pigments appear in different numbers, depending on the fruit􀆳s environment. This causes the fruit to turn a certain color. To find out how environment affects fruit colors, Chinese scientists studied more than 280 different fruit colors, including white, red, blue, purple and black. They found that red fruit tends(倾向) to grow in cooler places. And instead of just growing in one place, you can find them growing in many places around the world. Blue and purple fruit mostly grows in warmer places. These fruits tend to grow a lot in just one special area. The scientists also found that the closer the fruit is to the equator (赤道), the darker its color will be. Animals have also had an influence on the evolution of fruit colors. Animals eat fruit and drop the seeds(种子) in other places later. This helps the fruit spread and grow in different places. Therefore, in order to attract animals, some fruit develop colors that are easy for animals to see. However, animals see colors in a different way. Fruit needs to develop colors that are suited to animals􀆳 seeing abilities. For example, birds can see red more easily than humans can. Therefore, there tends to be more red fruit in areas where birds live. The lemurs(狐猴) of Madagascar are red-green color- blind. Many yellow fruit can be found in their living areas, as they can easily see this color. 1. According to Paragraph 1, fruit colors depend on 　 　 　 　 . A. red carotenoid B. blue anthocyanin C. their numbers D. their environment 2. You are more likely to find blue and purple fruit in 　 　 　 　 places. A. cooler B. warmer C. higher D. lower 3. What does the underlined word “evolution” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? 　 　 　 　 A. 特性 B. 辨识 C. 演变 D. 参数 4. Some fruit develops certain colors to 　 　 　 　 . A. frighten animals away B. get more sunlight C. attract animals to eat them D. protect themselves 5. What do we know from the text? 　 　 　 　 A. Dark fruit enjoys growing close to the equator. B. Green fruit is fond of growing in cool places. C. Humans can see red more easily than birds. D. Lemurs are color-blind and can􀆳t see any colors. 081 话题读写思维训练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 话 题 读 写 进 阶 练 读后迁移练 一、题型加练 1. 新考法·细节归纳 Which of the following factors have influenced the evolution of fruit colors? 　 　 　 　 a. the environment b. the pigment c. animals d. scientists A. a, d B. b, c C. a, c D. b, d 2. In which section of a newspaper can you read the text? 　 　 　 　 A. Culture. B. History. C. Health. D. Science. 二、句子仿写 have an influence on 对……有影响 仿写: 　 Passage 5 For thousands of years, rice has been the main part of the Chinese diet(饮食). All over the country today, most people begin 1. 　 　 　 　 (they) day with a bowl of rice porridge in the morning. In fact, for many, 2. 　 　 　 　 ( especial) those in Southern China, no meal is complete without rice. These corns really have had 3. 　 　 　 　 great influence on human lives across history and the world. Rice 4. 　 　 　 　 (spread) from China to other parts of the world long ago. It is said that more than two thousand years ago, Xu Fu was sent by Emperor Qin Shihuang to search for the secret of long life. He took rice 5. 　 　 　 　 brought it to the islands of Japan. When rice reached Thailand, the country􀆳s rich soil and water allowed the plant to grow much 6. 　 　 　 　 (well) . Today, Thailand is famous 7. 　 　 　 　 its own rice. In fact, rice 8. 　 　 　 　 (be) so important to the Thai people that the meaning of “to eat a meal” in the Thai language is “to eat rice”. When rice 9. 　 　 　 　 ( introduce ) to Europe, it took root in many countries along the Mediterranean coast. It has become a main part of local food. Dishes such as Italian risotto and Spanish paella have become 10. 　 　 　 　 ( symbol) of these countries􀆳 food. And they are now popular around the world. 读后迁移练 句子仿写 1. search for 寻找…… 仿写: 　 2. be famous for 以……而闻名 仿写: 　 181 话题读写思维训练·福建英语(厦门专用) 　 话 题 读 写 进 阶 练 Passage 6 Nobody likes doing homework. But, while it might seem that homework has made students stressed since it appeared, it has a special purpose in its history. Why was homework invented? Public schools appeared about 150 to 200 years ago. At that time, children didn􀆳t spend much time in school. They were expected to help with housework. As the Industrial Revolution (工业革命) provided new jobs which required more working skills, students were taught subjects which were more difficult. It was impossible for students to learn everything by just paying attention in class. That was probably why teachers invented homework. The development of society has made homework part of the modern education system(体系). Is homework good or bad? There are few reasons which can be named against homework. The only situation where homework is harmful is when there is too much of it. Except for that, homework is useful in every way. Children nowadays deal with lots of information every day. They can get any kind of information within seconds. But this may cause them to get used to satisfying their need without making an effort. They may have difficulty facing the challenges in the future, because anything really great will require them to put in a lot of hard work. Homework sometimes is difficult and boring, but it is one of the best tools educators have to teach students how to think and develop good habits. That is the main reason why it remains part of every school. What can homework bring to students? ★A better memory and thinking ability. ★A chance to review what they have learned. ★Good study habits. 1. When did public schools appear? 　 　 　 　 　 2. According to the text, what has made homework part of the modern education system? 　 　 　 　 　 3. How can students face the challenges in the future? 　 　 　 　 　 4. How many advantages of doing homework are mentioned? 　 　 　 　 　 5. What do you think of doing homework? Why? 　 　 　 　 　 　 (开放性试题,言之有理即可) 281 参考答案·福建英语(厦门专用)　 话 题 读 写 思 维 训 练 话题 17　 科普知识 话题语篇“精讲” 1. A　 2. C　 3. B　 4. C　 5. D 【读后迁移练】 1. Red roses are a symbol of sweet love, and they are often given between couples and lovers. 2. Tom was supposed to finish making the model plane in an hour, but in fact, it took him two hours. 话题语篇“精练” Passage 1 1. C　 2. B　 3. A　 4. C　 5. B　 6. A　 7. C　 8. A　 9. B　 10. B 【读后迁移练】 D Passage 2 1. C　 2. B　 3. C　 4. D　 5. A 【读后迁移练】 1. Jack is a creative boy and he always dares (to) speak out his ideas. 2. This country is short of natural resources but rich in human resources. Passage 3 1. A　 2. B　 3. C　 4. A　 5. C Passage 4 1. D　 2. B　 3. C　 4. C　 5. A 【读后迁移练】 一、1. C　 2. D 二、The students are surprised to discover colors have an influence on our moods. Passage 5 1. their　 2. especially　 3. a　 4. spread　 5. and 6. better　 7. for　 8. is　 9. was introduced　 10. symbols 【读后迁移练】 1. Dogs are often used to search for those who are alive in an earthquake. 2. The Tang Dynasty is famous for its poets and poems. Passage 6 1. About 150 to 200 years ago. 2. The development of society. 3. By putting in a lot of hard work. 4. Three. / 3. 5. I think doing homework is necessary, because it helps to develop my thinking ability. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 第二部分　 语篇题组限时练 题组(一) Ⅰ. 1. A 　 2. B 　 3. C 　 4. B 　 5. A 　 6. A 　 7. B 　 8. B　 9. C　 10. C Ⅱ. 1. B　 2. B　 3. C　 4. D　 5. A Ⅲ. 1. Because of the idea of only a few available positions in top high schools. 2. An AI. 3. It requires hard work and it is boring. 4. By creating different versions of the hit song Lonely Warriors. 5. I usually listen to my favorite songs and do some sports. 题组(二) Ⅰ. 1. A　 2. B 　 3. A 　 4. C 　 5. A 　 6. B 　 7. C 　 8. C　 9. A　 10. C Ⅱ. 1. A　 2. C　 3. D　 4. B　 5. C Ⅲ. 1. named　 2. into　 3. making　 4. learned / learnt　 5. cuts　 6. himself　 7. an　 8. truly　 9. and　 10. cities 题组(三) Ⅰ. 1. B 　 2. C 　 3. A 　 4. B 　 5. C 　 6. A 　 7. C 　 8. A　 9. C　 10. B Ⅱ. 1. A　 2. B　 3. B　 4. A　 5. C Ⅲ. 1. A　 2. F　 3. B　 4. C　 5. D 题组(四) Ⅰ. 1. A　 2. C 　 3. A 　 4. B 　 5. C 　 6. A 　 7. B 　 8. B　 9. C　 10. C Ⅱ. 1. B　 2. C　 3. B　 4. D　 5. A Ⅲ. 1. In tennis singles. 2. Because of her performance with patience and control of energy in matches. 3. No. Zheng Qinwen is not only playing for herself, but also for her country. 4. By forgetting her past achievements and starting over again. 5. I can learn from Zheng Qinwen that focusing on present challenges and never giving up are important to success. 题组(五) Ⅰ. 1. B　 2. C 　 3. C 　 4. B 　 5. A 　 6. C 　 7. B 　 8. A　 9. B　 10. A Ⅱ. 1. B　 2. C　 3. C　 4. D　 5. B Ⅲ. 1. B　 2. C　 3. A　 4. E　 5. F 题组(六) Ⅰ. 1. C　 2. C 　 3. B 　 4. C 　 5. A 　 6. A 　 7. B 　 8. C　 9. B　 10. C Ⅱ. 1. D　 2. C　 3. A　 4. A　 5. B Ⅲ. 1. and　 2. stories　 3. was formed　 4. its　 5. trying 　 6. in　 7. to write　 8. a　 9. usually　 10. meant 题组(七) Ⅰ. 1. A　 2. B 　 3. B 　 4. C 　 5. A 　 6. C 　 7. B 　 8. A　 9. C　 10. B Ⅱ. 1. B　 2. D　 3. A　 4. B　 5. A Ⅲ. 1. D　 2. A　 3. E　 4. B　 5. C 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 71