2025年上海市初三中考题型专题

专题之阅读A篇 【阅读四选一题型介绍】 阅读A篇的四种题型:细节题、词义猜测题、推断题、主旨题,考查的主要内容有以下四个方面: 【四选一的解题技巧】 【技巧点拨】 1. 浅谈阅读理解力培养: 任何一篇阅读都将考查我们三种能力,即:理解能力、信息提取能力及词汇积累量。其中,理解能力最为关键。如何培养理解能力呢﹖首先,必需得看懂句子,理解了每一个句子才能更好地理解文章,因此,分析句子能力的培养至关重要。那么,如何更好的做到对句子的正确理解呢?我们都知道,影响英文句子理解的不外乎有两种可能:( 1、句子结构看不懂,无法正确进行组织串联。2、词汇认知问题。)词汇积累需我们平时多下功夫,因此,句子分析能力将会是影响我们理解英文句子的障碍物。在此给出两点有助提高句子分析能力的方法: (1) 熟练掌握五中句子基本结构:(任何一个简单句的存在形式都离不开五种基本结构) 主+谓 主+谓+宾 主+系+表 主+谓+间宾﹢直宾 主+谓+宾+宾补 例:Although safety measures(主语)have been taken(谓语)﹛从句﹜,radiation leaks(主语)(辐射泄漏) have taken place(谓语)and workers(主语)have been killed or affected. (谓语)此长句整体为由although引导的让步状语从句,从句为主语safety measure 加谓语have been taken构成的主谓结构;其中,主句是由and引导的并列句,每个简单句也为主﹢谓的基本结构。 (2) 会用意群分割阅读法(具备独立意义的词、短语或句子)进行句子英文分割和中文整合:(此种方法的运用可以帮助我们更好地理解复杂句与长句。注意在运用过程中,长句需要对连接词特别关注,每一个连接词所连接的句子都为一个独立的简单句,即:在分析过程中也需注意对其基本结构进行定位与分析;理解了每个分句的意思,再进行整个长句的中文意思整合,从而对句子做到很好的理解。)下面以较为简单的句子为例进行意群分割句子理解演练: 例:Within twenty years(二十年内), they said(他们说), nuclear(核) would(将) take the place of(代替)coal, gas and oil(煤、汽油和石油)as a source of power(作为能源) at homes and in industry. (在家中和工业领域)其中,绿色划线部分意群为短语构成,蓝色划线部分意群为句子构成,红色划线部分意群为单词构成。通过对每个意群的中文整合可对句子做出翻译,进而得以理解,整句据理解为:他们说,二十年内,核将代替煤、汽油和石油作为一种能源运用于家庭和工业领域。 注意:在句子分析结构中注意对起修饰作用的定语与状语进行区分,重点在把控住基本结构。 2. 阅读过程中学生常见的问题: (1) 对适当语法知识的熟练程度。如果单词记忆量大,但语法的缺弱也不能正确读懂一些较长句子。例如:把I am used to living here 翻译成“我以前经常住在这里”,其意思完全就大相径庭。 (2) 大声阅读不会有助于理解。默读即可节约时间又可便于记忆相关信息。 (3) 眼睛总是逐词移动导致信息丢失。也许很多老师一般都要求学生精读文章,弄清每个词、短语在句中的用法,这固然不错,但不利于对整体文章大意主旨的理解,还影响阅读速度。 (4) 把每个单词,每句话翻译成汉语。学生总是把某一个英语单词与具体的汉字联系起来才能放心。 (5) 遇到新单词总是查词典。这大大影响阅读速度和质量,也错过了通过推测对大脑的训练和激发。 (6) 同一种速度阅读每篇文章。不同的体裁题型应有不同的阅读速度,即使同一篇文章也可选择在不同段落中有不同的速度,做到精读与略读相结合。 (7) 精神不佳,注意力集中不够。在答完听力、语法、完形填空等题型之后,学生有点疲劳,这也影响了阅读质量和效果。 (8) 相关背景知识点的缺陷。阅读理解题是一种对学生综合知识的考查,因此命题范围常常涉及多门学科领域。 3. 阅读过程中常见问题的应对策略: (1) 略读全文,了解主旨大意。略读时要特别注意文章的前段,一般文章的主旨大意就在这里,紧扣这一段的核心可预测后面的讲述内容,有助于对文章全面的理解,也可节约时间。 (2) 带着问题去精读。在要求学生略读之后,应先对题干进行浏览,弄清楚这篇文章主要问什么,有几个方面,然后根据需要返回到短文中寻找相关段落和句子重复再读,这时就需要仔细判断、分析、整理等以便弄清有关事实和细节,主要适用于文章较长或很难无法读懂,但时间又紧迫的情况下,减少处理无关信息的时间,提高做题效率。 (3) 通过找关键词和句子提升阅读速度。时间有限、任务量大的时候可要求学生直接省去略读和精读部分。从题目中的信息提示可直接到原文中找相关的词和句子。 (4) 对不同的阅读材料运用不同的速度和方法。比如表格式阅读和广告文阅读往往题目的设置与一些数字、人物、地点、价格等相关,其余部分都起辅助作用,可采用不同的速度和方法进行细读和略读。 (5) 推测文中的新单词。有些试题会根据文章中出现的某一个新单词要求学生去推测判断其汉语意思,考察学生遇到实际困难的解决能力。我们可以要求学生把出现新单词的这一句仔细阅读。例如:we should reuse water. Use为“利用使用”之意,则可推断 reuse为“再利用”。 (6) 避免汉语翻译。阅读的目的就是获取有价值的信息,而不是逐词逐句的翻译成汉语,避免每个单词、短语、句子呈现于眼前的汉字可减少干扰,提高速度和效果。 (7)带着目的去阅读,更有效果。这里所指的目的就是学生对大意主旨的推测或事实结果的判断。如同我们看一部电影,读一本小说时往往想要知道结局如何,这样学生会对材料更感兴趣,有助于集中精力去读完。 (8) 限时间进行默读。在平常的教学中也许我们很少用这一方法。认为对学生的口语和发音不好,但考堂上不允许放声读,只能是默读。因此弥补这一缺陷在九年级第二学期尤为重要。 (9) 注意不同的文化背景知识。有时候我们会觉察到学生很容易的读完了短文并掌握了大意和事情发展的过程。但在做题时会出错。这就必须弄清不同国家、民族在文化背景下的不同表现行为,往往用本国、本民族的习惯去理解。比如说餐桌礼仪、见面礼节、生活习俗都有很大的差异性。 (10) 鼓励学生在考堂上短暂休息。中考英语中的阅读理解往往在试卷的后半部分,注意力高度集中和大脑不停的思考会导致学生疲倦,精神状态不良。因此鼓励学生在做阅读题之前可短暂休息放松一两分钟。 4.阅读理解方法概述: 单选和回答阅读理解解题思路与技巧 (1) 速览文章、知大意及各信息点分布 (2) 解读题目、定关键词及考题形式(即判断是细节题、推断题还是主旨概括题) (3) 关键词文中定位,找准相关信息点进行句子及段落分析,从而正确解答 注意一般而言出题顺序与文章的排序一致性原则,关注此信息可助我们避免盲目定位关键信息,从而帮助节省时间;此外,回答问题型阅读注意回答的完整性和精确性,做到“答必所问,答无说漏”,关注时态、人称和回答的句式。 1.知识点一:细节事实题 细节理解题属于浅层理解,一般通读短文后能直接找出答题依据。这类问题的命题方式有:“ Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?或“ The author mentions all of the following except_等。回答案这类问题时,要着重理解文章的结构层次及细节,特别要注意数字、日期和时间、同位语、破折号、括号和省略号以及表示附加说明和加强语气的词,也可用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项,总之要记住做阅读理解题一定不要无中生有,暗渡陈仓,张冠李戴,以偏概全 解题原则与技巧:忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系,信息定位是关键,决不能主观臆断。 2.知识点二:词义猜测题 (1)根据定义或解释猜测词义 (2)根据情景和逻辑进行判断 (3)根据同义或反义关系推测词义典例 3.知识点三:推理判断题 解题方法: (1)读懂原文,抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落,透彻理解文章内容,注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系,并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识仔细斟酌,作出准确的判断和引申。 (2)了解命题意图,推断题型通常包含细节推断、指代推断、段落推断、全文推断等。 细节推断:针对文章中的某个细节进行推断,可运用扫读的方法在文章中定位相关信息,进而揣测细节所暗示的内容。 指代判断:通过上下文推断文章中某个名词或代词的指代对象。 段落推断:就文中的某个段落内容进行分析,透过表面看实质,推断隐含意义。 全文推断:对作者的观点、态度、写作目的、故事结局等作推断时,要纵览整篇文章,把握句子与句子、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系,要能悟出字里行间隐含的意义,先把握主题思想,再根据某些细节加以推理判断。 解题原则与技巧: 此类题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的看法或观点。 4.知识点四:主旨题——主旨大意归纳 一、考查对整个语段的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次(主题句或主题段)、作者写作目的等的理解和把握能力,属于深层理解题。要求能灵活运用推断、归纳、推理等方法来分析、提炼段落大意,概括中心思想。主要有以下两种题型: 常见命题形式: 解题方法: (1) 快速有重点地浏览(skimming)全文。从整体上把握文章的结构、逻辑关系、问题的指向等。在快速浏览时,不纠缠文章中与主旨无关的细节(如某些数字或专有名词等),以保持阅读的连贯性,把注意力集中于主题句的关键词语上,必要时在重要词句下面画线标注。 (2) 选择文章标题时,既要排除过于具体或断章取义、以偏概全的标题,又要排除范围太大、空洞、不着边际的标题,还要警惕以事实、细节替代抽象、概括的大意的情况。 (3) 推断作者写作目的时,要站在作者的立场想问题,切忌将自己的观点强加于作者。当文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时,务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时,要注意一些转折词,如:but, yet, however, although等。当文章中表示相反的观点时,往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点,排除迷惑性信息。 (4) 必须看清题目,要求回答的是“全文主旨”还是“段落主旨”;推断的是“作者的观点、意图”还是“别人的观点、意图”。 主旨大意题的解答在做主旨大意题时,不管是哪一种题型,关键的一步是要找出主题句或和主题有关的关键词,从而把握文章的主旨(main idea)。 文章体裁不同也有不同的解题方法: 1)议论、说明体裁的文章 在议论文和说明文中,文章的主题通常出现在首段或末段。第一段的作用通常是给出作者的观点或引出将要介绍的事物,而末段的作用通常是总结全文、重申论点。因此,在阅读议论文和说明文时,对于首段和末段一定要仔细阅读,寻找对全文有提纲挈领或概括结论性的语句,因为那通常就是文章的主题所在。 但有时文章中并不存在明确点明主题的句子,这时可以联系每段的中心句来概括、总结,然后得出主题。因为作者对文章各个段落的安排都是紧紧围绕主题展开的,或者说每段都对主题的展开和深化起到了各自的作用。因此每个段落也是相对的一个小整体,有着各自的中心。而这个中心通常由段落中的一句话表达出来,即段落的主题句(topic sentence)。由此,我们可以看出,文章各段的主题句构成了一篇文章的"骨架"。看清了这个"骨架"的轮廓,弄清了各段与文章主题的关系,不但全文的主旨,即便是隐藏在文字深层的作者的写作目的或意图也会跃然纸上。每段中的主题句可能出现在段首、段尾或是段中,但以出现在段首的情况居多。尽管每段主题句的位置不固定,但寻找起来也并不难。记住主题句是能简洁明了地概括全段的主要内容,具有高度的综合性和概括性的一句话,段内的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或拓展。 2)记叙体裁的文章 记叙文通常按时间先后或事情发展的顺序来叙述。寻找这类文章的主题时也要特别留意首段和末段,因为作者有时会在叙述事件之前或之后流露出自己对它的看法和情感,而这正是解题的关键。还有些情况下,文中没有明确的主题句,即主题隐含在行文之中。必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节进行全面考虑,综合分析。这时要注意表示时间和顺序的词语,以把握事情发展的脉络。还要特别留意那些概括情节和中心的动词,或者反映人物特点的形容词等,这样才能猜测出作者在用词、语气之中流露出的隐含信息。 3)新闻体裁的文章 值得一提的是新闻报道类文章在中考阅读中逐渐增多。一般这类文章都有固定格式:城市名称(或通讯社) ——一句话概括新闻的主要内容,然后是具体的报道。通常第一句是一个较长的句子,交待出主要事件、发生的时间、地点等。如果不是非常有必要交待时间和地点的事情,也至少会在第一句中点出要报道的对象和侧重点。 【专题精讲】 Researchers (研究者) have announced (宣布) the result of two studies on the health effects of the drug aspirin (阿斯匹林). One study shows aspirin can sharply reduce the chance that a healthy, older man will suffer from a heart attack (心脏病). The study offered two new results from earlier findings. It said taking one aspirin pill every other day helped only healthy men over the age of fifty. It also said aspirin gave the greatest protection against heart attacks to men with low blood cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. Earlier in the United States began a major aspirin study in the early 1980s. It included 22,000 healthy men doctors. All were between the ages of forty and eighty-four. More than 11,000 of the doctors took a harmless pill that contained no drug. The men did not know which kind of pill they were taking. The doctors who took aspirin suffered 44% fewer heart attacks than those taking the harmless pill. 139 men who took aspirin suffered from heart attacks. Ten of them died. 239 men who did not take aspirin suffered from heart attacks. Twenty-six of them died. The researchers said the doctors’ study provides clear proof that taking aspirin can prevent a first heart attack in healthy, older men. They said, however, the result does not mean every man over the age of fifty should take aspirin. They said aspirin couldn’t help men who do not eat healthy foods, who smoke cigarettes and who are fat. The researchers said men who think they would be helped by taking aspirin should talk with their doctors first. 1.The passage tells us that the new use of aspirin is _. A.to treat heart disease B. to reduce pain while one suffers from a heart attack C. to help old people to be more healthy D. to reduce the chance of a heart attack in old men 2.Aspirin can help those who _. A work as doctors B. are under 40 years old C. are fat and smoke cigarettes D. are older and healthy 3.At last the researchers advised us to take aspirin _. A. with care B. as much as we like C. every day D. only considering the age 4.From the experiment we can conclude that about _ of people who suffered from heart attacks without aspirin died. A. 7% B. 11% C. 19% D. 44% It seems to be strange to you there is a blind spot (盲点)on the eyes. Here is an interesting experiment (实验) that can make something disappear, when one eye is open. Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it, L on the left and R on the right. First, hold the card about 80 cm away and you see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, you’ll find the letter L disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face, the letter will be seen again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed, you’ll find the letter R disappearing. Why does the letter disappear? It is because there is a blind spot on the eye. When the image (影像) of the letter falls on the blind spot, it won’t be seen. That is why either of the letters disappears. 1.The writer of the passage thinks that _ there is a blind spot on the eye. A. few people know B. no one knows C. most people know D. all the people know 2. The word “disappear” in the passage means _ in Chinese. A. 驱散 B. 消散 C. 消失 D. 遗失 3. You fail to see the letter L in the experiment because _. A. your eyes are poor B. its image falls on the blind spot D. your left eye is not open C. you move it close to your eye 4. In which order (顺序) should you do the experiment? ①Hold the card ②Move the card nearer ③Close your right eye ④Write two English letters ⑤Look at the letter R ⑥Make a card A. ④⑥①②③⑤ B. ①③⑥④⑤② C. ⑥①④③②⑤ D. ⑥④①③⑤② 5. The passage mainly (主要) tells us _. A. how to find the blind spot B. an interesting experiment C. where the blind spot is D. there is blind spot on the eye 【专题过关】 Different weather makes people feel different. It influences (影响) health, intelligence (智力) and feelings. In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and every cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March. The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, IQ (智商) of a group students were very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% below. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand (另一方面), can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August). Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18C, people become stronger. Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. There are a “good weather” for word and health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade (摄氏度). Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weather’s problem. 1._ can have a bad effect (作用) on health. A. Hot and wet weather B. Good weather C. Warm weather D. High intelligence 2.People may have more intelligence when _ comes. A. a rain B. very hot weather C. a strong wind D. low air pressure 3.Low air pressure may make people _. A. forgetful B. sad C. angry D. tired 4.In “good weather” of 18 centigrade, _. A. people are very forgetful B. people can’t do their work well C. thin people feel cold D. people are in better health 5.The writer wants to tell us that _. A. hot and cold weather influences all people in the same way B. weather influences people’s lives C.IQ never changes during weather changes D. There is a good kind of weather for people’s work and health Now satellites are helping to forecast(预报)the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere (大气), because this is where the weather forms (形成). They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists (气象学家) can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change. Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures.When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this. So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead (提前). 1.Satellites travel _. A. in space B. above space C. above the ground D. in the atmosphere 2.Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere?Because _. A. clouds form there B. the weather forms there C. the weather satellites can do it easily D. the pictures can forecast the weather 3.Meteorologists forecast the weather _. A.without studying satellite pictures B. before they receive satellite pictures C. when they have received satellite pictures D. after they have compared the new satellite pictures with the earlier ones 4.Maybe we'll soon be able to forecast the weather for _. A. one day B. two days C. five days D. seven days or even longer 5.The main idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _. A. taking pictures of the earth B. receiving pictures of the atmosphere C. weather forecasting D. doing other work in many ways 【推断题易错题】 11 March, 2216 It was another usual day at school. My parents still ask me to go to the school building, even thought half the students in my class are hardly ever there at all. They prefer to use computers at home to watch and listen to our teacher, and then send their homework by e-mail. My parents have different ideas-they think it is good for me to spend more time with friends of a similar age. I suppose they are right, but I also wish I could spend more time with my robot, as well. It was raining today, so I was very happy that Mr. Right, the house robot, was waiting to take me home. Mr. Right always takes me to school in the morning and picks me up in the afternoon. It is fun to sit on his back while he flies to the flat where we live. I cannot imagine travelling any other way. Mr. Right does so many other things, as well. He cleans the house, washes and dries clothes, and cooks a wonderful dinner-as he can tell what temperature the food is and knows exactly when meat or vegetables are perfectly cooked. He also has special eyes, which means when he looks at me, he can tell whether there is anything wrong inside my body. If there is, he can then prepare medicine to cure whatever sickness he has found. One thing I really like about Mr. Right is that his brain has a connection to the Internet, so he can answer any of my questions in just a few seconds. Another great thing is that when my parents are not at home, he makes me happy. He knows millions of jokes and lots of funny stories. I am so happy he is part of my life. Today my homework is to write an article about which piece of technology has made my life different. I think you can guess what I will write about. 69. The passage is about a boys’ life in the _ century. A) twenty-first B) twenty-second C) twenty-third D) twenty-fourth 72. Mr. Right’s special eyes make him a good _. A) cook B) engineer C) cleaner D) doctor 74. For today’s homework, the boy probably write about his _. A) school life B) parents’ jobs C) ways of travelling D) house robot A. Choose the best answer (根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案):(12分) This was the first real task i received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. As I searched the name, I found that there were two famous people having the same who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts(花生),while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; let the coin decide. I flipped(掷)a coin and Ah! Tails(背面)!My report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver. Weeks later, I stood in front of the classroom and proudly read my homework. But things started to get strange. I looked around the room, only to find my classmates with big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes and my stone-faced teacher. I was completely lost.” What could be causing everyone to act this way?” Oh well. I dropped the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear,” My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American War of Independence.” The whole world became quiet! How could I know that my teacher meant that George Washington? Of course, my subject result was awful. Sad but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to the headmaster Miss Lancelot, but she said firmly: No re-dos; no new score. I felt that it was not fair, and I believed I deserved a second chance. So I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, I sat in the headmaster’s office again, but this time a completely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the terrible moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster told me I was good enough to skip(跳过)the 6th grade and started the 7th grade next term. 74. Which of the following proverbs can best describe the main idea of this history? A. Seeing is believing. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. One is never too old to learn. D. A friend in need is a friend indeed. A: Choose the best answer.(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)(12分) Jay Kohl, an American student, posted an online advertisement two weeks ago searching for aChinese family to stay with so that he can learn the language and culture. "I'm a clean, non-smoking, and warm-hearted American man looking for a homestay in the Wudaokou area to improve my Chinese language skills," he wrote. "I'm willing to offer help with English tutoring(家教) and even can help you with applying to foreign universities." He still hasn't found a suitable home. "Most of the families that contacted me seem to be interested in doing business instead of cultural exchange," he said. "I think I might have to rent an apartment in the end." Kohl isn't the only foreigner finding it difficult to find a homestay in Beijing. Michael Benson who wants to come to Beijing in September, has also faced the same problems. Why is finding a homestay family so difficult? Beijing Today consulted a Chinese teacher Jessie, Xi, who has been teaching foreign students at the University of International Business ant Economics for more than six years. Xi has accepted many homestays, and from her own experience and what she's been told, she said there were four major problems visitors may meet when applying for homestays. Problem 1: Having too high expectation for language improvement. Problem 2: Considering oneself as a guest instead of a family member. Problem 3: Not making clear what a family's rules are beforehand. Problem 4: Overly (过分) high demands for the living environment. 72. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A) Foreign visitors can do something helpful for their homestays. B) Foreign visitors usually have problems with their homestays. C) Foreign visitors should know clearly about the rules of their homestays. D) Foreign visitors should consider themselves as the members of their homestays. 【词义猜测易错题】 One day, a strange man came to the store. He walked in and asked Gary, “How long have you been here?” Gary replied that he’d been there all his life.“ Then you are the person I’m looking for, since I must confess something to you,” the man said. “Twenty years ago, I was totally broken and hungry. I entered this store from the back door and saw a 100-dollar bill on the cash register. And I took it. All these years I haven’t been able to forget that. I had to come back and ask for your forgiveness.” 72. The underlined word”confess” in Paragraph Four has the same meaning as_. A. be honest to say B. be funny to realize C. be lucky to enjoy D. be serious to hide Why is finding a homestay family so difficult? Beijing Today consulted a Chinese teacher Jessie, Xi, who has been teaching foreign students at the University of International Business ant Economics for more than six years. 73. The underlined word "consulted" in the passage means " ". A) gave advice to B) discussed ideas with C) wanted information from D) raised questions for 【主旨题易错题】 Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him. He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked up to the sky. What he saw frightened him. A huge group of bees filled the sky like dark cloud and seemed to be heading angrily towards him. With no time to waste Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding quickly without knowing how to escape the group. With a rapidly beating heart and his legs lumping quickly, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his fear increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive(敏感的) to bees stings (蛰). Last time a sting had put him in hospital-and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. Suddenly, his father’s words came to him. “When you are in a dangerous situation, don’t panic. Stay calm, use your brain and think your ways out of it.” On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly from the chimney(烟囱) of the Nelson family home. “Bees don’t like smoke,” he thought. “They couldn’t get into the house.” Andy raced towards the Nelson house, but the bees were gaining around. Andy knew he could not reach the house in time. He guessed that the bees would catch up with him soon. Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he saw a small pond used by Mr. Nelson to water his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he jumped, disappearing below the surface and away from the bees. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees have gone. Pulling himself out of the water, he walked up the hill and rang the doorbell. Mr. Nelson took him inside and rang his mother. “You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover(恢复) ,” laughed his mother. “Thank goodness you didn’t panic!” But Andy did not hear her. He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow. 74. Which of the following can best describe Andy’s escape from the bees?. A) No pains, no gains. B) Once bitten, twice afraid. C) Where there is a will, there is a way. D) In time of danger, one’s mind works fast. 1. Choose the best answer (根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案) (12分) High Housing Cost Makes Sub-Divided Flats HONG KONG—Average home price have increased by73% since the end of 2008.This huge jump in home price has pushed more and more low income families into sub-divided flats. What is a sub-divided flat? It is a flat that is divided into parts, so that it can house more than one family. Many sub-divided flats do not meet fire-safety standards (标准).For example, some flat owners have turned fire escape exits into part of their own rooms. In June 2011, a fire happened in an old eight-storey building and left four people dead. That building was filled with sub-divided flats, some as small as 100 square feet. Many people believed that sub-divided flats were one of the causes for the accident. Since then, the government has paid more attention to the housing problem. The best way to lower housing prices is to increase the number of flats; however, the best way may not be the easiest way. To lower housing prices, the government said that 20,000 new flats must be added every year for the next ten years. Even if government could provide land for 20,000 flats a year, we would not know how much that would affect the housing market. One thing is for certain, Hong Kong’s housing problem will not soon go away and will be with us for a very long time. 1. The purpose of this article is to talk about_. A) the fire in June 2011 B) the housing problem in Hong Kong C) the sub-divided flats D) the fire-safety laws - 1 - 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题冲刺之阅读B篇 【完形填空题型介绍】 完形填空题型介绍（CLOZE TEST）”是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点：  1．在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占10—15％，长度一般在130—200个单词左右。 2．降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。  3．针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。 【解题基本方法】 出题方式 (1)、完形填空是对文章理解能力的考查。 (2)、完形填空要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。 (3)、完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。 知识脉络图 解题步骤 1. 重视首尾，把握全文 首先浏览文章的首段和尾段，把握文章大意。 2. 跳空猜读，了解大意 “跳空速读”，边猜边想，弄清各段落、各层次之间的内在联系。具体方法是 ：不看选项，凭语感，依上傍下，通读全文，在整体层面上领悟“残缺的”语篇大意，初步猜选出浅易的答案，若恰好是选项之一或是其同义词，则十有八九是正确答案。 3. 瞻前顾后，领悟语境 完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越注重语境，逐步淡化了语法，即把具体的语言知识融入具体的语言情景中去，通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，以此来考查考生对文章的整体把握能力。解题时要快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文语境来选择答案。先易后难，对有把握的选项“一锤定音”；若有的选项没有把握，可暂时先搁一下，往下看，往往会“柳暗花明”。 4. 复读全文，全面验证 做完题目后，不管对全文是否已有豁然开朗之感，或还是依然似懂非懂，都要复读全文，验证答案。复查时要从语篇层次和语法层次两个角度考虑。特别要注意，是选择“最佳”而不只是“正确”答案。在检查时要注意：（1）上下文的一致性。（2）从语义、惯用法及词性搭配，甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文逻辑。 批注：完形填空题目对语法的考察越来越少，但是做过题目之后通篇读一遍还是很必要的，主要是看看选的答案是否能使全文通顺易懂，合情合理。 根据完形填空的试题特点，我们可以采取以下几种方法： 1.论证法 根据上下文的意思，运用所学的词汇和语法知识，从句子结构和意义上进行分析，并判断所选词语是否正确。 2.推理法 根据考生对整篇短文的理解，对文章的主题，情节的发展做出合理的推断。 3.上下文搜索法 完形填空给出的是都是整篇的文章，文章本身就是前后一致的。我们可能从上下文中找到提示或发现答案。 4.排除法 在无法确定答案的时候，我们可以采取排除法，逐一验证四个选项，以将错误答案一一排除后得出正确答案。 3．知识点三：解题原则 1．首句重点读。首句很多情况下是topic sentence，告知文章的背景和主旨。首句一般不设空，如果首句设空，需要重点读后面的例子，例子会提供解题线索，很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。 2．重点关注例子与例子之间的关系。几个例子联合起来都是去证明文章主旨的，但例子与例子间有时会有正反对比或是平行关系。 3．选词重视“具体表达”、“最佳适用原则”。 4．选词之场景原则。 5.平行原则的运用。完形填空的文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，有些情况下每个段落的发展模式都是差不多的。前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还不妨关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的，如果某段的末句设空，不妨也可以关注下后面一段的末句。例如有一篇文章是讨论积极态度给生活、工作、健康带来的好处，其中第二段末句这么写： With an active_______, you can overcome all the difficulties.在第三段末句出现了with an active attitude, you can be healthy. 如果学生在阅读的时候关注到这句，使用了“平行原则”，自然就能填出attitude. 6. 语篇意义——联系上下文 上下文线索词如何寻找？ 1：段首设空，线索在下文； 2：段尾设空，线索在上文； 3：收尾呼应，得出作者态度是消极还是积极？ 4：从一些形容词，判断作者态度是消极还是积极？ 5：从一些转折词汇，得出线索； 【学法提炼】 1.完型填空时刻要注意逻辑关系，每个空肯定是有相应信息和它构成逻辑关系，只要有耐心去寻找去体会，一定是可以找到根据的。 2. 完型填空的固定搭配，充分体现语言的扎实性，需要进行进一步的总结和概括。 3. 完型填空的易错题目要归类整理，平时多进行思考、比较、积累。 【专题精讲】 【专题精讲】 　What is humor? The dictionary defines(定义) it as “the quality that makes something laughable or__75____.” But that quality is different around the world. People like to make jokes about everyday parts of their culture. To appreciate this kind of joke, it is __76____for you to know something about the culture. Some humor is based on puns(双关语). Unfortunately, these jokes are not funny __77____ when translated into another language. In some countries __78___Britain, jokes that make fun of other ethnic(民族) groups are popular. In many British jokes, the Irish and the Welsh(威尔士人) appear stupid or lazy. However, it is best to avoid this kind of humor.__79___these jokes are based on stereotypes(成见), they can easily offend(冒犯)others. In Iran, people try to use humor to change a boring situation into an enjoyable one. The jokes and humor __80___ on the situation. One kind of humor does cross cultures. Most people will laugh at the slapstick (打闹剧) humor of cartoons like Bugs Bunny or movies stars like Jackie Chan. A funny face or someone falling down stairs will bring a grin to most faces. 75. A) amused B) amusing C)amazed D)amazing 76. A)essential B)interesting C)polite D)fun 77. A)above all B)in all C)at all D)all over 78. A)unlike B)like C)for example D)dislike 79. A)If B)Unless C)Though D)Because 80. A)live B)decide C)depend D)base 【专题过关】 （一） So,let’s imagine you are walking down the street drinking a box of tea. You finish drinking the tea.Now,what do you do with the box? Do you drop it on the ground? Or do you do the_50__thing and drop it in a trash can?Hopefully,you drop it in the trash can because ,besides harming the environment,littering is also very impolite. Recently,a magazine published a list of the most polite cities in the world. They look three things:did litter,did shop clerks say thank you and did people hold the door open for the person__51__them? The top three politest cities were New York,USA,Zurich,Switzerland, and Toronto,Canada.Hong Kong,China was number 35. Shanghai was not _52__on the list. Does that mean shanghai is not a polite city? Well,maybe. There are different ways to__53_politeness but the survey was looking at how a visitor to a city would feel when walking around the public places. Visitors don’t like to step over empty tea boxes as they walk down the street.They don’t like it when buy something and the shop clerk doesn’t say thank you or even give them a smile. They also don’t like it when someone lets a door slam into them_54 _holding it open. Shanghai is a nice city but it is not always the most polite city. I don’t think it is international. I think it is just a lack of awareness. China is becoming a popular place for tourists to visit. When they come to Shanghai they will find a friendly city: it would be nice if they also found a_55__one.And remember ,being polite makes you feel good,too. It’s nice to be nice. 50.A.rude B.regular C.right D.rare 51.A.in front of B.behind C.besides D.around 52.A.still B.even C.also D.already 53.show B.judge C.clean D.understand 54.A.instead of B.because of C.as well as D.except for 55.A.modern B.beautiful C.clean D.polite (二) There was a pet store and the owner had a parrot. One day a ____walked in and the parrot said to the man. “ Hey,you!” The man said “What?” The parrot said, “Your____is really ugly.” The man got very angry and went to the store owner and said, “ Your bird just my wife .It said she was ugly.” The owner stormed over,seized the bird ,took it into the the back room,shook it a bit,pulled out a few feathers and said, “Don’t ever,ever say anything to___my customer again. You got that!!!” With that ____,he took the bird and put it back into its cage. The old bird shook out its feathers and relaxed in its cage.A couple of weeks____and in walked this guy and his again. The parrot said. “Hey you!” The guy said, “What!” The parrot answered sarcastically(讽刺地),“ You know what.” 50.A. group B.team C.couple D.crawl 51.A.wife B.sister C.mother D.daughter 52.A.greeted B.puzzled C.offended D.scared 53.A.touch B.amuse C.cheat D.embarrass 54.A.warning B.comment C.suggestion D.request 55.A.tasted B.arrived C.appeared D.passed - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 小猫钓鱼专题 【题型介绍】 该题型考查学生词汇应用；，题量总共8道，分值8分，每道题一分。五选四将词汇的考查放在了语篇中，着重强调语法和词汇知识在特定情景中的应用。 词汇：注重对于词汇和搭配的考察 语法： (1)考查词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力以考查动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，也考查连词、介词、短语等； (2)考查词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力； 逻辑：逻辑方面考察上下文联系。 【各个击破】 高频考查词汇 动词 disappear, contact，wash, think, create; consider; please; woke up；collected; repaired； included; create；beat; afford; leave; discover; find; spend; take; remember; add; recognize; protect; show; wear; experience; time; 名词 Teenager, safety, question，furniture, thoughts; effects; size; knowledge; freedom; friendships army; knives；awards; knowledge; tips; society; bed; beach; advice; centre; methods; ages; danger; designer; 形容词 recent, dangerous, ready; common; likely; various; rude; basic; surprised; boring; famous; successful; special; different; difficult; 副词 behind, completely, ever, easily; independently; terribly; especially；mainly; near; 其他 How about, put on, what’s going on, as well as; in the way; not…only; at a time；at any time； through；After all; Above all; as well; take place; at the end of; but; be able to ; either; including; while; the name of; so far; deal with; until; as soon as; for example; most likely; around; even if; from side to side; 【解题技巧】 1. 判断词性的技巧： “瞻前顾后”：需要考生根据空格的前后来决定所填词的词性以及应填的正确选项，我们可以根据一些简单的语法知识确定答案。应该说语法知识是解词汇理解题的基础。 a. 如何判断空格为名词： a /an/the +n. , adj.+ n. , vt. +n.即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词； n. v. 即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)； prep. +n.即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。 Eg: ①When a friend stops talking to you for a day or two, your mind will get crazy with the ____46_____ that perhaps you did something wrong. keys: A. thoughts ② It will have bad ____50_____ on you as you start to focus your energy on others but not yourself. keys: B. effects ③Gradually, the talented young man went from being a supporting actor to a __49___ movie star. keys: A. successful b. 如何判断空格动词： n./pron. vt.n./pron. 即空格前面已有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词； n./pron. vi. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词； n./pron. vi. adv./prep. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配； n./pron. link v./be. adj. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词； to v. 即空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词 v. and v. 即空格前是动词+并列连词或选择连词，空格后也考虑填动词。 Eg:①We want to be well-liked by those around us and not to ____49_____ any unnecessary trouble. keys: E. Create ②When caring about others’ opinions is taking control of your life, maybe it’s time for you to stop and___51_____ what you really want and make some changes. keys: E. Consider ③Much of the action 48 ______ at the same time ---- the man in prison running away, the policemen running after them and planning to catch them. keys: C. took place c. 如何判断空格为形容词： adj. n. 或n.adj. 即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词； adv. adj. 即空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词； link/be v. adj. 即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。 Eg: ①Although this is not good enough, it’s still a ____48_____ thing that happens among us. keys: C. common ②At school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because students have so ____53____time for it and they are busy with other lessons, too. keys: D. little ③The system is able to provide the physical location of mobile phones, which makes it __52___ to get to the scene. (2015嘉定区一模) keys: B. quicker d. 如何判断空格为副词： adv. v. 或v.adv.即空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词； adv. adj. 即空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词。 Eg: ①Some people have very good memories, and can ____50____learn long poems by heart. keys: C. easily ②When I arrived at the head’s house, he opened the door and looked at me as if I was __49__ mad. keys: B. completely ③ The other two boys are both 14 years old. When most boys of their age are spending their time______51_____on study, the three young singers show themselves to thousands of people. keys: C. mainly 2. 利用逻辑关系词确定答案： 在五选四中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。 常见的逻辑关系词如下： 并列关系：and , or, as well as 等 对比关系：but , however 等 举例关系：for example, such as等 比较关系：as…as, like, similar等 因果关系：because, for, since, therefore 等 递进关系：and, what’s more, in addition 等 Eg: ①These films were simple, _49_____at that time people liked these films very much. keys: E. but ②They can use their hands 49 humans. keys: A. As well as ③First of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair, 50 , black hats should be avoided if you are dark skinned. keys: D. for example 3．比较填词： 将词性分类后，如何确定哪个选项是正确答案呢？这就需要考生进行选项间的比较，比较同词性的词汇哪一个是最佳答案。 两种方法确定答案： 1.逻辑判断(即根据文章的逻辑顺序和逻辑结构，确定同词性的词汇中的哪个是最佳答案) 2.词义判断：即通过同词性词汇的中文意思是否符合文章的整体意思，由此判断是不是最合适的选项 但需要注意：当确定所选答案无误后，填入一个词就划掉一个，为下面的选词缩小范围。 4．知识点四：句式结构分析 1. 简单句的五种基本句型 1)、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student. 2)、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work. 3)、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4)、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car. 5)、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 2.并列句的分类 1)、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. 2)、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 3)、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4)、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 【答案】1.简单句 2.复合句 3.并列句 4.并列句 5.并列句 5．解题步骤 注意 1. 动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词有两种可能性(形容词和动词的过去分词), 因此要根据动词的形式结合文章进行相应的时态或者语态的判断。 2. 不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中, 前缀区分意思, 后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的, 暂时搁置。 3. 做出相应的标记。在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的play/visit/study既有名词词性也有动词词性。 A)mainly B) completely C) managed to D) looked forward to E) organized In October last year, I was working at a school in Cambridge and it was only my second month in the job. At the end of the month the head teacher __46__ a party for all the new teachers. It was a good chance to get to know my new colleagues and I really __47__ it. As the party was on 31st October, I thought it was a Halloween party. So, the day before the party, I went to a costume hire shop and __48__ get a witch’s costume (女巫的服装). When I arrived at the head’s house, he opened the door and looked at me as if I was __49__ mad. All the other teachers were wearing normal clothes. 【答案】46.E 47. D 48. C 49. B 【解析】46.分析句子结构，这边缺少谓语动词，在C、D和E中选择，根据句意选E。 47. 分析句子结构，这边缺少谓语动词，在C、D中选择，根据句意选D。 48. and后的词应该与went并列，需要动词过去时，只有C符合。 49. 在I was mad这句话中，应用副词来修饰mad，只能选B。 A) ages B) methods C) in charge D) silly E) suddenly It was the end of term of in June and the students were doing their exams. I was __50__ that day and, as usual before the start of the exam, I told the students all the rules: no talking, no mobile phones and so on. I was walking up and down between the rows of desks when __51__ my own phone rang. That was bad enough, but the telephone had a really __52__ring tone (音色). All the students looked up at me. It took me __53_ to find the phone in mu bag and my face went bright red. One of the students was laughing so much that she fell out of her chair. 【答案】50. C 51.E 52.D 53. A 【解析】50.was后加形容词、名词、介词短语等，这边应在C和D之间选，根据句意选C 51.判断这边应该用副词，只有E符合。 52. 应用形容词来修饰后面的名词，只有D符合。 53.take sb +一段时间to do sth.来判断这边应该加表示时间段的名词，故选A。 【专题过关】 A. As well as B. size C. in the way D. basic E. not only Dogs are not the only animals that can be trained to help people. Helping Hands, an organization in the USA, trains capuchin monkeys to be helpers for people in wheelchairs who cannot move their arms or legs. More than 20 years ago, Dr.M.J Willard thought that a monkey might be able to help with some 46 homework. She was right. Monkeys can 47 be trained to help people, they are also wonderful partners. Capuchin monkeys are found in the wild in South Central America. They are about the 48 of a friendly and good with their hands. They can use their hands 49 humans. 【答案】46.D 47.E 48.B 49. A 【解析】46.由空格前后名词判断，前面应填形容词，有根据句意所以用basic基本的。 47.根据后面also,所以应选E not…only。 48.空格前定冠词，所以后面应填名词，所以应选B。 49.根据句意它们能跟人类一样地很好的用手，所以选A。 A. please 　B. knowledge C. freedom D. independently E. friendships Everyday tasks, like turning on a light, putting something in the fridge, or pressing “play” on a CD player, can be difficult for someone who can not use his or her arms and legs. Capuchin monkeys can easily perform these tasks. This allows their owners more 50 .They can do things on their own and can live 51 .Helping hands matches people with disabilities to monkeys who can help them. But the close 52 between the monkeys and their owners happen all on their own. The monkeys and their owners become friends and learn to depend on each other. Some owners say the monkeys are almost like children to them. The monkeys can be naughty(调皮的） and sometimes like to play tricks on their owners. This is especially true of young monkeys. Mostly, they like to 53 their owners. They like the sweets they receive when they do a good job, and they like to be praised. 【答案】50.C 51.D 52.E 53. A 【解析】46.根据句意”它能给他们主人更多地自由”所以用freedom自由。 47.空格前动词live, 这里可填副词，且根据句意“它能独立地生活”所以选D。 48.空格后是形容词close，所以应填名词，所以应选C。 49.根据空格前是动词不定时to，所以这里应填动词原形，所以应选A取悦。 A. designers B. as well as C. much D. protect E. show Most of the time, people wear hats to protect themselves from bad weather conditions. Hats are also worn to 46 politeness and as signs of social position. But nowadays, hats, especially women’s hats, are 47 more than that. In fact, hats have changed into fashion and style symbols by many movie stars. What’s more, people now consider many different features (特点)when choosing even a simple hat. Many 48 point out that, when choosing the right hat, it’s important to consider the color of your skin 49 your hair, your height, and the shape of your face. 【答案】ECAB 【解析】46题通过题意应该是表示礼貌，选E 47题比较级more前面用much修饰 48题many后接可数名词复数，选A 49题前后应该是表示和的关系，用as well we A. different B. also C. difficult D. for example E. wear First of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair, 50 , black hats should be avoided if you are dark skinned. Second, the height of the hat is 51 an important point. Tall women should not go for hats with tall crowns, just as short women should choose hats with upturned brims to give the look of height. Most importantly, the shape of the face decides the kind of hat one should 52 . A small, gentle hat that fits the head looks good on a small face. However, women with big, round faces should choose a 53 style. As the saying goes, “Fine feathers make fine birds.” A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features, so why not choose the best possible one next time you want to be in public? 【答案】DBEA 【解析】50. For example放在句首，后面举出例子 51题根据题意缺一个副词also 52题should后加动词原形，选E 53题需要加一个形容词，different style 【学法提炼】 1.最关键的是要改变孤立的记忆单词的不良学法，做到词不离句，句不离篇，做到词汇的情景使用。 2.不要孤立的看文章，一定注意句子的上下文衔接和本句的语法结构，因为选一个就少一个，一发而动全身。 3.结合句子成分和单词的词性帮助解题，并且在对比相同词性单词的词义后做题。 【课后练习】 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each one can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词或词组只能填一词)（共8分） A. famous B. plane C. surprising D.by the end of E. flight Michelle was flying from Houston to London，and during the ____46____，she began talking to John，the man in the seat next to her．She found out that he was president of a ____47____ jeans company based in Texas；in fact，she was wearing a pair of blue jeans from his company! But that wasn’t the most ____48____ thing．He had lived in San Francisco when he was in high school，and it turned out that he knew Michelle’s best friend，who also grew up in San Francisco! They continued talking．And ____49____ the flight，they felt that they had known each other for much longer than eight hours． A. mistakes B. completely C. practise D. steps E. instead of Now students’ English handwriting gets worse and worse. That makes their teachers feel worried. Is your English handwriting beautiful? If not, here are four 50 that really work! ◆Use paper with lines Using paper with lines can keep you writing straight 51 up or down when you write English words or sentences. Those lines on the paper can help you to write words in the right size. Be sure to fill the lined space 52 . And make sure those capital letters(大写字母) are written properly. ◆Slow down If your writing is hard to read, try slowing down a little. For some kids, going slower makes the handwriting clear. If you write too fast , it’s hard for you to stop where you should, and even worse, you may make more 53 . Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词或词组只能填一次)：（共8分） A. follow B. nervous C. culture D. leave for E. confident Studying abroad is a colorful experience. Not only do you get a chance to know a new 46 up close, but you also learn to get over new challenges(挑战). If you plan to study abroad, you’d better 47some useful tips. Firstly, before you 48your destination country, make sure to learn about the country. Every country has it own culture, which may be different from yours. Therefore, to get used to the local way of living in a short time, you must know what the people eat, how they dress up and also what their sensitive issues(敏感问题) are. Besides, you can catch a few of the commonly-used words of the local language there. What’s more, find out about the laws of the land before you get there. This way you’ll be 49 about how exactly you should behave yourself. A.ready B.extremely C.make sure D.prepare E. Instead Next, 50 you have all necessary documents(文件) with you before you set off to foreign countries to study. It’s suggested that you make copies of both your passport and visa(签证), in case you might need to get a new one during your stay there. What’s more, at least one other member of your family should have a passport 51 so that you can have someone by your side if you fall ill. Also, it’s a good idea to carry a few copies of your photo, in case you need to use one. Thirdly, when you decide to study abroad, it’s 52important that you research well before deciding on a university. Don’t just mainly believe what the advertisements say.53 , talk to people who have completed their studies from that country or who are planning to move to the same country. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once: (8分) (A) A. space B. towards C. weekly D. showing E. at the same pace In ancient times the most common form of advertising was by word of mouth. As printing developed in the 15th and 16th country, the first steps___51___ modern advertising were taken. In the 17th century advertisements started to appear in ___52___ newspaper in England and within a century, advertising became very popular. As the economy was expanding during the 19th century, the need for advertising grew ___53___. In 1843 the first advertising agency was established in Philadelphia. At first the agencies were just brokers (经济人) for ad ___54___ in newspaper, but in the 20th century, advertising agencies started to take over responsibility for the content as well. (B) A. the way B. in the process C. challenge D. along E. frequent If you want to grow, you need to expand your personal capacity. It’s an important topic that deserves ___55___ reminder. Expanding your personal capacity is essential for your personal growth. It will take you to the next level in life. It will make you a better person. For that, what you need to do is taking a new ___56___. You should move out of your comfort zone and do something that stretches your skills and abilities. It’s inconvenient, but that’s ___57___ to grow. Perhaps you already have an idea for a side business. It could come from your hobby or from a specific need that you come across. Why don’t you make it a reality this year? Having a side business is a good way to expand your capacity because it will teach you a lot ___58___. Plus, it could give you an extra cushion in this uncertain economic times. - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题讲义之首字母填空 【题型介绍】 首字母填空共7个，每道2分，共计14分，占阅读部分的28%，占试卷总分的9.3%；文章篇幅精悍，字数约250-300之间，重点考查5大词类：名词 动词 形容词 副词 代词； 首字母填空对学生语言知识要求较高，需要运用词法、句法甚至文章里涉及的一些背景知识去认真分析答题才有可能拿到满分；我们在平时练习时有可能会碰到一些出的比较卖弄、奇葩，甚至超出初中生知识范围的首字母题目，放心，这种情况在中考中决然不会出现，纵观近几年中考真题，都未超出一般初中生的认知范围。 该题型对学生词汇应用及语境分析综合能力要求极高，是拉开区分度的重要题型，很多考生中考成绩140左右，和145+的考生，相差的那么几分往往就是因为这一题型。首字母填空真的难吗？——是！但是，如果方法得当，再加上三分天赋和七分努力，拿到满分也是极有可能的。下面就该题型进行详细剖析。 【首字母考查】 基础词汇知识的掌握和运用 词语短语搭配的使用 语境中辨析词性的能力 文章逻辑关系的理解 语言综合运用能力 【首字母常见疑惑及对策】 看不懂文章意思； 文章大意看懂了，但仍然不能锁定目标词汇； 知道该填什么词，但想不出该词的英文； 终于想出了，但是由于单复数，时态，比较级没兼顾到； 如上种种，我们都可以得出一个共同的结论：该生词汇一定是不过关的，此外，还有粗心等不良学习习惯，不仅首字母，在其他地方也会犯诸如动词时态或三单一，名词单复数等粗心错误。如果出现这些情况了，我们还是建议先从基础词汇抓起吧，把词汇熟背后再学习首字母答题技巧，这样才能更快更好提高，不然，可能是既浪费时间又浪费精力---你必须要求一定词汇量，即你个人的词库供你去搜索，当然了，这个库越大越丰富越好。没有什么一蹴而就的万能法则，熟记考纲单词，多做多总结是大多数满分同学的方法。 【首字母答题步骤】 Step1：掌握句子成分与词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该空与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。 Step2：了解词性处理方法后，多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，有利于提高对所缺空词性的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。 Step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。 【方法总结】 (一)  通读全文 完型填空所填的单词要使各句句子意思完整，上下文相互衔接，因此，在落笔作提前一定要先通读全文，基本把握语篇的大意。 (二）根据固定用法以及词组的搭配 有些空格与固定搭配或词组表达法有关，要充分利用自己平时所积累的词组搭配来考虑填什么词。 (三)  运用语法知识 剖析结构，判断所需的词是什么词类。如，修饰名词一般用形容词；修饰动词一般用副词。名词前常会有冠词、代词；动词前可能有情态动词、助动词等。如果是两个分句，就得看两句之间的关系。若两句中的一句从属于另一句，就得用从属连词；若是并列关系，则用并列连词，然后根据意义考虑是时间、地点、原因还是方式，是转折还是因果关系，来决定用什么连词。另外，在根据文中意义决定了所填的词之后，还要注意使用它的正确形式。如，名词要注意单、复数；人称代词要注意主格、宾格或所有格；动词要注意时态、语态或非谓语形式；形容词、副词要注意比较级和最高级等。 解题基本法则 序号 法则 一模、二模、中考真题举例 1 瞻前顾后法则 第一段：Do you want to be an online student? It is important to remember that online education is not right for everyone.最后一段：They will feel more comfortable with this online interaction. 解析：瞻前顾后法则就是做首字母题的时候，第一步看第一句和最后一句，帮助你快速读懂文意，做到对文章心中有数。以本文为例，本篇截取二模文章首字母文章的第一段和最后一段话，从这两句话就能直接看到文章在讲网络教育。 2 僵尸法则 It r_____ more than 443 metres into the sky.（reaches） 解析：从句子成分来【分析】，本句主语后面缺少变形僵尸，即动词，判断是僵尸的第三人称单数，根据句意可判断本句意思是达到多少443米。所以，选择reaches。 Trees and grass c_____ 40 percent of the city.（cover） 解析：从句子成分来【分析】，本句主语后面缺少变形僵尸，即动词，再根据句意可判断本句意思是覆盖了40%的城市。所以，选择cover。 3 长句分解法则 Young people would certainly choose the TV, but you will be surprised to find out that the older o will at least hesitate about choosing it.（ones） 解析：看到长句子大家都会吓一跳，其实只要分解一下，就会发现长句子只是纸老虎。本题是两个句子并列，所以只要看后面的句子，后面的句子原来是一个宾语从句，从句中will前面划线，说明缺主语，前一个句子主语是young people,那这里只能是older ones。 4 大词法则 1. E______ wants to talk about their dogs.（everybody） 2. I was very hungry; I had eaten n___ _ since morning. （nothing） 解析：大词原则就是在遇到名词、代词、形容词修饰名词的时候，我们一般不选用具体的词来填，通常情况下，选择有归纳性、类别性的词，这类词中不定代词居多。如：anyone、anything、anybody等。 5 不打自招法则 God tries to s them. They have to stop building the Tower. (stop) 解析：当你实在想不出该空填什么的时候，你就在上下文中找和该空词性相同的首字母单词，带到文中看意思是否通顺，如果通顺，那么就一定是这个单词。 6 双逗不理法则 A young man, who loves music very much, l in a town. (lives) 解析：当一句话中间出现两个逗号，那么一般情况下，中间的部分就是插入语，可以当他不存在，直接划掉，这样就可以看清句子成分，填出正确单词。 7 形容词法则 1.Ringtones are often u to tell you it's your phone.(used) 2.They are more willing to speak out their ideas on the discussion forum and are usually more l_____ to ask their teacher a question by email.(likely) 解析：be used to do sth.被用来做某事be likely to do sth 可能会做某事 8 动词法则 1.g_____ into the habit 养成……习惯2.f ____ on an interesting person（focus）集中注意力3.He wanted to p_____ his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. pick sb up 接某人 9 介词法则 W______ his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much.解析：with sb’s help. 在某人的帮助下 10 比较级法则 It was a l____earlier. 解析:a little 一点修饰比较级的词有much\a little\a bit\far\even\rather,这些词容易被忽略。 11 副词法则1 (句首加逗是副词) 1.L____, I got a good mark in the exam in the end. 2.S______,the family dog, sleeping under the bed, woke up and saw the flashing light. 3.H ,Ross Anderson, thinks the idea could put Microsoft in big trouble. 4.N every pop song can be played on your mobile phone. 解析：如果一句话句首是一个空，并且加了逗号，那么这个词一定是副词。这类词通常是：Luckily、However、Suddenly、Nearly、Actually、 Instead、Therefore、Perhaps。 12 副词法则2 (两动之间是副词) 1.Young students are e attracted by advertisements on the Internet and buy things they don’t need.(easily) 2.Many American people don't p______eat bugs.(purposely) 解析：在两个动词的之间，如果判断不出该空词性，那么划掉这个空，如果这个句子依然通顺，那么它一定是副词。 13 副词法则3 (动后动前是副词) 1.Indian boy who spends a long time at sea after a shipwreck a_____with nobody but a tiger.(alone)2.People met t______to tell each other short stories（together） 3. The package consisted of a long , narrow box c_____wrapped in brown paper.（carefully） 解析：动词的前面或后面的空如果判断不出词性，那么划掉这个空，如果这个句子依然通顺，那么它一定是副词。 14 副词法则4 (句子末尾是副词) McClung, still beside them in the water, picked up Ryan and swam to the bank s .(slowly)解析：句子末尾通常是副词，修饰整个句子。 15 常识法则 But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S______.” （sorry）解析：Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S______.”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry. 16 连词法则 1. This is b______ it introduces the background of the story and author. (because) 2. It’s really confusing b buses don’t stop automatically like they do in Beijing. (because) 3.So I love top brand products a_______ they’re very expensive.(although)解析：连词通常表示：总结、解释、因果、转折、让步、顺承、并列关系等。because、and、or、but等，句子段落的最前或最后往往也能提示我们它是总起或总结句。 17 and递进法则 1. His father doesn’t agree with him and tries to s him. (stop) 2.Reading the classics can be fun especially as you grow up and d____ a deeper understanding of the world. （develop） 解析：and出现在句子中，可以是表示意思的递进，第一句话爸爸不同意，所以尽力去阻挠他。第二句话，阅读经典不仅很有趣，而且可以帮我们更好地了解世界。 18 and并列法则 He s_____and listened carefully.(stopped) 解析：遇到and,他们前后的词性和结构一定相同，本题and后面是动词过去式，那么空前面也是动词过去式。 19 三the法则 1. Perhaps the l______ popular form of literature (文学) is poetry. （least）2.One of the b______advantages of online classes is that you are able to enter your classroom when it is convenient for you.(biggest) 2. 解析：见到the，后面紧跟的只能是序数词、名词、形容词最高级。这里已经有名词，只能是形容词最高级。 20 介名一家法则 You will be able to review your teacher's lecture w_____even getting online again.（without） 解析：如果空前面是介词，就选用动名词；如果空后面是动名词，那么前面一定是 21 关系代词法则 Your address book is used to find out w is calling.（who） 解析：在宾语从句中，如果从句缺少相应成分，要选关系代词来代替。 22 检察官法则 解析：做完题目一定要细心检查名词考虑其单复数形式动词考虑其时态、语态及搭配、是否该加ing形容词考虑要不要用比较级或最高级 【专题精讲】 首字母高频词汇 A字母开头的： 名词： ability accident activity actor actress addition address advantage advertisement aim all ambition amount answer area attention 代词： all another any anybody anything 形容词： able accurate active all ancient angry another any attractive automatic available awful 副词： abroad actually after again ago ahead all almost along already also always angrily anywhere as 动词： accept achieve add afford allow answer apologize appear arrange attack attract 介词： about above across after against along among around as B字母开头的： 名词： balance base beginning being best(最好的人或物) bit block book bottom break(休息) breath broadcast business businessman 代词： both 形容词： bad beautiful best better boring both brave 副词： back before behind best both besides 动词： beat bite book borrow born break 介词： before by behind below beside besides between C字母开头的： 名词： call cancel capital case cause century chance charity chemical chemistry choice cigarette circle citizen class collection college color company competition concert conclusion control cross culture custom customer 形容词： careful certain changeable cheap chemical close(近的) cold common complete confident convenient correct crazy crowded confident 副词： carefully certainly clearly close completely 动词： cancel care cause celebrate change choose clear climb collect compare complain complete confuse connect consist control copy correct create D字母开头的： 名词： daily dark detail diet difference difficulty disaster distance dream 形容词： dangerous different difficult dull disappointed 副词： Deeply 动词： decide decorate describe disappear discover disturb drop develop design 介词： down during E字母开头的： 名词： earth earthquake education effect end energy entrance environment example excuse exercise experience experiment 代词： each either everybody/everyone everything 形容词： each easy educational either else enjoyable enough every everyday excited exciting expensive 副词： easily either enough especially even ever everywhere exactly 动词： e-mail/email enable encourage end enjoy enter equal escape examine expect explain express 介词： except F字母开头的： 名词： fable fact favor female figure finger fisherman forecast foreigner form France freedom French friend friendship fuel fun furniture future 形容词： fair favourite first fit following foreign forgetful freezing fresh familiar 副词： far finally first forever 动词： fail fit fix focus follow frighten G字母开头的： 名词： game gas geography goal grade graduate greenhouse guest 形容词： general glad good great 副词：gently 动词：gain get H字母开头的： 名词： habit health heart heat height history hobby holiday hope housework humour 形容词： hardworking healthy helpful historical horrible hungry 副词： happily hard hardly heavily here home how however 动词： hang happen hate heat hesitate hold hope hunt hurry hurt I字母开头的： 名词： idea income industry information invention inventor invitation island 形容词： important impossible independent interested interesting 副词： immediately in inside instead 动词： imagine improve include increase interview introduce 介词： inside into J字母开头的： 名词： jam journalist journey joy judge 副词：just 动词：joke judge K字母开头的： 名词：kind kindergarten knowledge 动词： kick know L字母开头的： 名词： language law lawyer length lie link list location lock luck 形容词： last late likely limited local low lucky lonely 副词： last late later luckily 动词： land laugh lay lead link locate lock leave 介词： like M字母开头的： 名词： Machine magazine mail manner market match matter meal memory menu message method mind minute mistake moment most much 代词：many 形容词： modern more most much 副词： mainly maybe more most much 动词： manage match matter mean mind miss mistake move N字母开头的： 名词： neighbour network number note 代词： neither nobody none nothing 形容词： nearby necessary neither nervous next 副词： nearly neither never next no not nowhere 动词： notice 介词： near O字母开头的： 名词： offer opinion order organization owner 代词： one other 形容词： only open opposite ordinary other outdoor own 副词： often once only over 动词： obey observe offer order organize own 介词： on onto opposite outside over P字母开头的： 名词： pain paint(涂料，颜料) painting part partner passenger performance place plane pollution practice president problem process progress 形容词： pale perfect personal physical precious pretty private public 副词： perhaps politely possibly probably properly 动词： place plan play pollute post practice predict prevent process produce promise protect prove put Q字母开头的： 名词：question 副词：quickly quietly R字母开头的： 名词： reason record relative resource responsibility rest restaurant result robbery rule run 形容词： real regular responsible retired 副词： rather really recently right 动词： realize receive recognize record reduce refuse relax repeat reply research respect review rob rule run rush S字母开头的: 名词： safe safety sauce saying secret secretary section sense service sex shame shape sightseeing situation size skill square story success support surface surprise survey system subject strength 代词： same some somebody/someone something 形容词： safe same serious several simple some spare special square straight strange strong successful such sure 副词： safely second seldom seriously slowly so softly sometimes soon still suddenly 动词： save search seem select sell send serve settle share shine solve spend spread study succeed suggest support suppose surprise survey 介词：since T字母开头的： 名词： task temperature thought ticket traffic trouble try type 代词： that these this those 形容词： teenage terrible thankful that these thin thirsty this those top traditional true 副词： then today together tomorrow too 动词： telephone/phone tell test thank think throw tie train translate transport try turn type 介词： through throughout till to towards U字母开头的： 名词：use 形容词：unhealthy unusual useful usual upset 副词：under up usually 动词：understand use 介词：under V字母开头的： 名词：variety 形容词：various 动词：vary volunteer W字母开头的： 名词： way wisdom wish wonder worry writer 代词： what who 形容词： weak well which wooden wounded wrong 副词： what when where why 动词： wait wake walk want warn waste widen win wonder work worry 介词： with within without Y字母开头的： 形容词：young 副词：yet 连词： A：and after although as B：because before but I：if N：neither nor O：or S：since so T：than till though U：unless until W：when while whether 疑问词/连词：what how 【专题过关】 首字母专题形容词副词知识点梳理 A survey has been published which shows that British people don’t like their neighbors very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbors h 92 pay attention to others’ feelings. According to the survey, the b 94 problem is noise. Many of the complaints about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. The other main problems are disagreements (不和) about car parking spaces, and old people complaining about the young. Some disagreements last a l 96 time. Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never share a meal, 80% have never had a drink t 97 and 20% have never even spoken. 2. New technology has really opened up the world of film making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may start your own film-making. 5. B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story e 97 . Many world-famous film maker and producers are also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 film. The underground is fast and convenient. There is a station every few blocks. Underground trains run from 5:30 a.m. to 12:00 midnight. You can get to any place e 86 . London's black taxis are f 89 . Many visitors to London know they are good and comfortable. They Will cost you a few pounds, though. Take a taxi once, for the experience. Don't drive your car in London! Car parks are very e 91 . You have to pay a special congestion charge (拥堵费) to drive your car into the city centre. But life with a roommate can also be a t_____87_____ experience. Some experts did a study of college students who shared a room. Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay with them all the time from when you don’t see them very o____89____. So, before you plan to share a room with a friend, discuss the situation carefully. If you decide to share a room with someone you don’t know, talk to each other. It’s important to be h____90___ about your habits and things you hate. P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating. Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins. Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly. It’s a common school day at Southern Cross School near the famous Kruger National Park in South Africa. Teachers and pupils don’t sit in a classroom. I 81 , they go through the forest or sit under the trees. The classroom for small preschoolers is a little different from the rest of the school. For example, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very s 84 . The Young Person’s Rail-card is very popular in Britain now．It gives young people the chance to buy c 81 train tickets across the country．Just imagine，it could take you to festivals，to see friends，or to london for a weekend break，at a lower price． If a rail-card does not have the user’s name signed，it will be considered invalid （无效的）．No one else may use either your rail-card or any tickets bought with it．You will be required to pay the f 86 price of the ticket if you are unable to show your own rail-card with the ticket for a check during a journey． Tony’s mother put different foods which were unfamiliar to Amy onto big plates. She asked the kids to carry the food-filled plates out to the table. Amy carried roast duck. It was one of the f _____84_____dishes she recognized. Amy was a little nervous about eating with chopsticks. Tony gave her instructions on how to do it. Amy finally managed to hold the chopsticks. Just when she picked up a piece of chicken in her chopsticks, her fingers s___85_____ lost control of them, and the chicken flew across the table Tony’s father kindly brought out a fork and knife. He handed them to Amy .Amy felt more c__87_______. She ate the rest of her dinner easily. It was delicious! 首字母专题动词名词知识点梳理 A survey has been published which shows that British people don't like their neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbours hardly pay attention to others" feelings. 25% don't talk lo the people who live next door and 10% don't even know their names. In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m 93 because they don't get along well with their neighbours. Many of the complaints about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which can't s 95 the noise from next door . At one time, making a film was an expensive activity for only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but also the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. However, modern technology has c 92 all that. By train Take a train to visit places outside London, like Hampton Court and Windsor Castle. You can use a Travel card on the underground, buses and most trains. To p 88 your journey, get a map from the railway stations, take some time to think about the places you want to visit. By bike There aren't many good bicycle lanes in London. Cycling with a large guided group is better than r 92 alone. Some experts did a study of college students who shared a room. They found that students who had problems with their roommates were not happy at school and are more likely to get sick than other students. So, how can you l_____88____ with a roommate and enjoy it? Here is some advice. Don’t get angry at small things that your roommate does. Try to f_____92____ the unhappy things between you and your roommate. No one-including you-is perfect.（2013中考真题92题 ） Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i 83 both listening to and playing music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine. V 85 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week . In this school you won’t hear a teacher saying “Count how many apples Jane has in her basket.” Actually, the children visit a nearby river to count the number of marks left by animals. This way they can see how many different animals come to d 85 during the night. The students are encouraged to take care of the injured and small animals. If they find a dead animal in the area, they study where the animal fits in the foot chain and how and why it d 86 . Who can apply? Anyone between 16 and 25 years of age. You will need to provide something to p_____82______ that you are under 26. For this, only your ID card, driving license, passport or medical card will be acceptable. Tony is Chinese American. His family members gather together and serve a traditional Chinese meal once a week. Last week Tony i_____81_____his friend Amy for it. “Where are the forks and knives?” Amy asked. “Oh, you won’t n ____83_____those.” Tony explained.” I will show you how to use chopsticks. Don’t worry. However, when neighbours become each other's f___98___ , they are often ready to offer help, as we can see in many parts of the world. However, film-making is t 94 work. You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the p 95 of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You don’t even need to pay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job. By bus Travelling by bus is a good way to see the city-, especially from the top of a double-decker bus. There is always a bus stop nearby. There are special tickets for c 87 under the age of 12. By b 90 The "river bus" leaves from Westminster Pier and stops at different places between Westminster and Greenwich Pier. A good way to see the city from the River Thames. 【答案】boat 【分析】根据“river bus”可以得出应该是指乘船。 At some time in your life, you might have a roommate. It is a good idea to share a flat, especially for students or people who have just finished school, because flats are usually expensive. And m______86_____ is not the only reason for having a roommate. Sharing a flat can be fun . 【答案】money 【分析】根据上文因为公寓通常很贵，所以money是合租的理由。 When you move in with a roommate, make rules. Decide how you will share h___91___, such as cleaning, washing and shopping, Will you share food？Is it OK to have guests? And what about loud music? 【答案】housework 【解析】根据such as后面的列举，可以推出前面讲的是housework。 A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report the r 81 of the survey. It’s not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities. 【答案】result 【解析】根据上文校报The Teens询问1000名青少年怎样度过自己的空余时间的，所以后面应该是调查的结果。 The school teaches students all the same s 82 as the rest of the country’s schools, but the teaching methods are completely different. 【答案】subjects 【解析】学校老师教学生的科目/学科。 The headmaster says, “We must make people understand what we are doing to the e 87 . We need to care for our planet.” 【答案】earth/environment 【分析】根据后面一句我们需要照看我们的星球，所以我们对地球或环境在做什么。. Then take your completed application form with a recent p_____84______ of yourself, £28 and other materials needed to any main railway station or student travel office to apply for the card . 【答案】photo/picture 【解析】根据句子意思，带上近照的申请表格。 How to use your rail-card? You can use it any time: weekends, holidays or during the week. Please ask at your local station or contact a railway travel agent for more i_____85______ . 【答案】information 【解析】根据句子意思，contact联系获取更多的信息。 Tony’s family was preparing dinner when Amy arrived. The family was cooking vegetables with hot oil. The k______82____ was filled with many good smells 【答案】kitchen 【解析】根据句子意思，应该是厨房里充满香味。 首字母专题介词代词知识点梳理 5． B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story easily. 6． 【答案】besides 【分析】B开头首字母常考：Besides,......除此之外，你需要编故事。你能写你自己的故事么？加入你有好的想象力，你可以容易地创造一个吸引人的故事。 It landed in Tony’s soup with a splash(飞溅). E___86______ at the table smiled. 【答案】Everyone 【分析】它（鸡肉）掉在Tony的汤里，汤飞溅出来，在座的每个人都笑了。 - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题讲义之首字母填空 【题型介绍】 首字母填空共7个，每道2分，共计14分，占阅读部分的28%，占试卷总分的9.3%；文章篇幅精悍，字数约250-300之间，重点考查5大词类：名词 动词 形容词 副词 代词； 首字母填空对学生语言知识要求较高，需要运用词法、句法甚至文章里涉及的一些背景知识去认真分析答题才有可能拿到满分；我们在平时练习时有可能会碰到一些出的比较卖弄、奇葩，甚至超出初中生知识范围的首字母题目，放心，这种情况在中考中决然不会出现，纵观近几年中考真题，都未超出一般初中生的认知范围。 该题型对学生词汇应用及语境分析综合能力要求极高，是拉开区分度的重要题型，很多考生中考成绩140左右，和145+的考生，相差的那么几分往往就是因为这一题型。首字母填空真的难吗？——是！但是，如果方法得当，再加上三分天赋和七分努力，拿到满分也是极有可能的。下面就该题型进行详细剖析。 【首字母考查】 基础词汇知识的掌握和运用 词语短语搭配的使用 语境中辨析词性的能力 文章逻辑关系的理解 语言综合运用能力 【首字母常见疑惑及对策】 看不懂文章意思； 文章大意看懂了，但仍然不能锁定目标词汇； 知道该填什么词，但想不出该词的英文； 终于想出了，但是由于单复数，时态，比较级没兼顾到； 如上种种，我们都可以得出一个共同的结论：该生词汇一定是不过关的，此外，还有粗心等不良学习习惯，不仅首字母，在其他地方也会犯诸如动词时态或三单一，名词单复数等粗心错误。如果出现这些情况了，我们还是建议先从基础词汇抓起吧，把词汇熟背后再学习首字母答题技巧，这样才能更快更好提高，不然，可能是既浪费时间又浪费精力---你必须要求一定词汇量，即你个人的词库供你去搜索，当然了，这个库越大越丰富越好。没有什么一蹴而就的万能法则，熟记考纲单词，多做多总结是大多数满分同学的方法。 【首字母答题步骤】 Step1：掌握句子成分与词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该空与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。 Step2：了解词性处理方法后，多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，有利于提高对所缺空词性的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。 Step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力。 【方法总结】 (一)  通读全文 完型填空所填的单词要使各句句子意思完整，上下文相互衔接，因此，在落笔作提前一定要先通读全文，基本把握语篇的大意。 (二）根据固定用法以及词组的搭配 有些空格与固定搭配或词组表达法有关，要充分利用自己平时所积累的词组搭配来考虑填什么词。 (三)  运用语法知识 剖析结构，判断所需的词是什么词类。如，修饰名词一般用形容词；修饰动词一般用副词。名词前常会有冠词、代词；动词前可能有情态动词、助动词等。如果是两个分句，就得看两句之间的关系。若两句中的一句从属于另一句，就得用从属连词；若是并列关系，则用并列连词，然后根据意义考虑是时间、地点、原因还是方式，是转折还是因果关系，来决定用什么连词。另外，在根据文中意义决定了所填的词之后，还要注意使用它的正确形式。如，名词要注意单、复数；人称代词要注意主格、宾格或所有格；动词要注意时态、语态或非谓语形式；形容词、副词要注意比较级和最高级等。 解题基本法则 序号 法则 一模、二模、中考真题举例 1 瞻前顾后法则 第一段：Do you want to be an online student? It is important to remember that online education is not right for everyone.最后一段：They will feel more comfortable with this online interaction. 解析：瞻前顾后法则就是做首字母题的时候，第一步看第一句和最后一句，帮助你快速读懂文意，做到对文章心中有数。以本文为例，本篇截取二模文章首字母文章的第一段和最后一段话，从这两句话就能直接看到文章在讲网络教育。 2 僵尸法则 It r_____ more than 443 metres into the sky.（reaches） 解析：从句子成分来【分析】，本句主语后面缺少变形僵尸，即动词，判断是僵尸的第三人称单数，根据句意可判断本句意思是达到多少443米。所以，选择reaches。 Trees and grass c_____ 40 percent of the city.（cover） 解析：从句子成分来【分析】，本句主语后面缺少变形僵尸，即动词，再根据句意可判断本句意思是覆盖了40%的城市。所以，选择cover。 3 长句分解法则 Young people would certainly choose the TV, but you will be surprised to find out that the older o will at least hesitate about choosing it.（ones） 解析：看到长句子大家都会吓一跳，其实只要分解一下，就会发现长句子只是纸老虎。本题是两个句子并列，所以只要看后面的句子，后面的句子原来是一个宾语从句，从句中will前面划线，说明缺主语，前一个句子主语是young people,那这里只能是older ones。 4 大词法则 1. E______ wants to talk about their dogs.（everybody） 2. I was very hungry; I had eaten n___ _ since morning. （nothing） 解析：大词原则就是在遇到名词、代词、形容词修饰名词的时候，我们一般不选用具体的词来填，通常情况下，选择有归纳性、类别性的词，这类词中不定代词居多。如：anyone、anything、anybody等。 5 不打自招法则 God tries to s them. They have to stop building the Tower. (stop) 解析：当你实在想不出该空填什么的时候，你就在上下文中找和该空词性相同的首字母单词，带到文中看意思是否通顺，如果通顺，那么就一定是这个单词。 6 双逗不理法则 A young man, who loves music very much, l in a town. (lives) 解析：当一句话中间出现两个逗号，那么一般情况下，中间的部分就是插入语，可以当他不存在，直接划掉，这样就可以看清句子成分，填出正确单词。 7 形容词法则 1.Ringtones are often u to tell you it's your phone.(used) 2.They are more willing to speak out their ideas on the discussion forum and are usually more l_____ to ask their teacher a question by email.(likely) 解析：be used to do sth.被用来做某事be likely to do sth 可能会做某事 8 动词法则 1.g_____ into the habit 养成……习惯2.f ____ on an interesting person（focus）集中注意力3.He wanted to p_____ his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. pick sb up 接某人 9 介词法则 W______ his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much.解析：with sb’s help. 在某人的帮助下 10 比较级法则 It was a l____earlier. 解析:a little 一点修饰比较级的词有much\a little\a bit\far\even\rather,这些词容易被忽略。 11 副词法则1 (句首加逗是副词) 1.L____, I got a good mark in the exam in the end. 2.S______,the family dog, sleeping under the bed, woke up and saw the flashing light. 3.H ,Ross Anderson, thinks the idea could put Microsoft in big trouble. 4.N every pop song can be played on your mobile phone. 解析：如果一句话句首是一个空，并且加了逗号，那么这个词一定是副词。这类词通常是：Luckily、However、Suddenly、Nearly、Actually、 Instead、Therefore、Perhaps。 12 副词法则2 (两动之间是副词) 1.Young students are e attracted by advertisements on the Internet and buy things they don’t need.(easily) 2.Many American people don't p______eat bugs.(purposely) 解析：在两个动词的之间，如果判断不出该空词性，那么划掉这个空，如果这个句子依然通顺，那么它一定是副词。 13 副词法则3 (动后动前是副词) 1.Indian boy who spends a long time at sea after a shipwreck a_____with nobody but a tiger.(alone)2.People met t______to tell each other short stories（together） 3. The package consisted of a long , narrow box c_____wrapped in brown paper.（carefully） 解析：动词的前面或后面的空如果判断不出词性，那么划掉这个空，如果这个句子依然通顺，那么它一定是副词。 14 副词法则4 (句子末尾是副词) McClung, still beside them in the water, picked up Ryan and swam to the bank s .(slowly)解析：句子末尾通常是副词，修饰整个句子。 15 常识法则 But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S______.” （sorry）解析：Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S______.”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry. 16 连词法则 1. This is b______ it introduces the background of the story and author. (because) 2. It’s really confusing b buses don’t stop automatically like they do in Beijing. (because) 3.So I love top brand products a_______ they’re very expensive.(although)解析：连词通常表示：总结、解释、因果、转折、让步、顺承、并列关系等。because、and、or、but等，句子段落的最前或最后往往也能提示我们它是总起或总结句。 17 and递进法则 1. His father doesn’t agree with him and tries to s him. (stop) 2.Reading the classics can be fun especially as you grow up and d____ a deeper understanding of the world. （develop） 解析：and出现在句子中，可以是表示意思的递进，第一句话爸爸不同意，所以尽力去阻挠他。第二句话，阅读经典不仅很有趣，而且可以帮我们更好地了解世界。 18 and并列法则 He s_____and listened carefully.(stopped) 解析：遇到and,他们前后的词性和结构一定相同，本题and后面是动词过去式，那么空前面也是动词过去式。 19 三the法则 1. Perhaps the l______ popular form of literature (文学) is poetry. （least）2.One of the b______advantages of online classes is that you are able to enter your classroom when it is convenient for you.(biggest) 2. 解析：见到the，后面紧跟的只能是序数词、名词、形容词最高级。这里已经有名词，只能是形容词最高级。 20 介名一家法则 You will be able to review your teacher's lecture w_____even getting online again.（without） 解析：如果空前面是介词，就选用动名词；如果空后面是动名词，那么前面一定是 21 关系代词法则 Your address book is used to find out w is calling.（who） 解析：在宾语从句中，如果从句缺少相应成分，要选关系代词来代替。 22 检察官法则 解析：做完题目一定要细心检查名词考虑其单复数形式动词考虑其时态、语态及搭配、是否该加ing形容词考虑要不要用比较级或最高级 【专题精讲】 首字母高频词汇 A字母开头的： 名词： ability accident activity actor actress addition address advantage advertisement aim all ambition amount answer area attention 代词： all another any anybody anything 形容词： able accurate active all ancient angry another any attractive automatic available awful 副词： abroad actually after again ago ahead all almost along already also always angrily anywhere as 动词： accept achieve add afford allow answer apologize appear arrange attack attract 介词： about above across after against along among around as B字母开头的： 名词： balance base beginning being best(最好的人或物) bit block book bottom break(休息) breath broadcast business businessman 代词： both 形容词： bad beautiful best better boring both brave 副词： back before behind best both besides 动词： beat bite book borrow born break 介词： before by behind below beside besides between C字母开头的： 名词： call cancel capital case cause century chance charity chemical chemistry choice cigarette circle citizen class collection college color company competition concert conclusion control cross culture custom customer 形容词： careful certain changeable cheap chemical close(近的) cold common complete confident convenient correct crazy crowded confident 副词： carefully certainly clearly close completely 动词： cancel care cause celebrate change choose clear climb collect compare complain complete confuse connect consist control copy correct create D字母开头的： 名词： daily dark detail diet difference difficulty disaster distance dream 形容词： dangerous different difficult dull disappointed 副词： Deeply 动词： decide decorate describe disappear discover disturb drop develop design 介词： down during E字母开头的： 名词： earth earthquake education effect end energy entrance environment example excuse exercise experience experiment 代词： each either everybody/everyone everything 形容词： each easy educational either else enjoyable enough every everyday excited exciting expensive 副词： easily either enough especially even ever everywhere exactly 动词： e-mail/email enable encourage end enjoy enter equal escape examine expect explain express 介词： except F字母开头的： 名词： fable fact favor female figure finger fisherman forecast foreigner form France freedom French friend friendship fuel fun furniture future 形容词： fair favourite first fit following foreign forgetful freezing fresh familiar 副词： far finally first forever 动词： fail fit fix focus follow frighten G字母开头的： 名词： game gas geography goal grade graduate greenhouse guest 形容词： general glad good great 副词：gently 动词：gain get H字母开头的： 名词： habit health heart heat height history hobby holiday hope housework humour 形容词： hardworking healthy helpful historical horrible hungry 副词： happily hard hardly heavily here home how however 动词： hang happen hate heat hesitate hold hope hunt hurry hurt I字母开头的： 名词： idea income industry information invention inventor invitation island 形容词： important impossible independent interested interesting 副词： immediately in inside instead 动词： imagine improve include increase interview introduce 介词： inside into J字母开头的： 名词： jam journalist journey joy judge 副词：just 动词：joke judge K字母开头的： 名词：kind kindergarten knowledge 动词： kick know L字母开头的： 名词： language law lawyer length lie link list location lock luck 形容词： last late likely limited local low lucky lonely 副词： last late later luckily 动词： land laugh lay lead link locate lock leave 介词： like M字母开头的： 名词： Machine magazine mail manner market match matter meal memory menu message method mind minute mistake moment most much 代词：many 形容词： modern more most much 副词： mainly maybe more most much 动词： manage match matter mean mind miss mistake move N字母开头的： 名词： neighbour network number note 代词： neither nobody none nothing 形容词： nearby necessary neither nervous next 副词： nearly neither never next no not nowhere 动词： notice 介词： near O字母开头的： 名词： offer opinion order organization owner 代词： one other 形容词： only open opposite ordinary other outdoor own 副词： often once only over 动词： obey observe offer order organize own 介词： on onto opposite outside over P字母开头的： 名词： pain paint(涂料，颜料) painting part partner passenger performance place plane pollution practice president problem process progress 形容词： pale perfect personal physical precious pretty private public 副词： perhaps politely possibly probably properly 动词： place plan play pollute post practice predict prevent process produce promise protect prove put Q字母开头的： 名词：question 副词：quickly quietly R字母开头的： 名词： reason record relative resource responsibility rest restaurant result robbery rule run 形容词： real regular responsible retired 副词： rather really recently right 动词： realize receive recognize record reduce refuse relax repeat reply research respect review rob rule run rush S字母开头的: 名词： safe safety sauce saying secret secretary section sense service sex shame shape sightseeing situation size skill square story success support surface surprise survey system subject strength 代词： same some somebody/someone something 形容词： safe same serious several simple some spare special square straight strange strong successful such sure 副词： safely second seldom seriously slowly so softly sometimes soon still suddenly 动词： save search seem select sell send serve settle share shine solve spend spread study succeed suggest support suppose surprise survey 介词：since T字母开头的： 名词： task temperature thought ticket traffic trouble try type 代词： that these this those 形容词： teenage terrible thankful that these thin thirsty this those top traditional true 副词： then today together tomorrow too 动词： telephone/phone tell test thank think throw tie train translate transport try turn type 介词： through throughout till to towards U字母开头的： 名词：use 形容词：unhealthy unusual useful usual upset 副词：under up usually 动词：understand use 介词：under V字母开头的： 名词：variety 形容词：various 动词：vary volunteer W字母开头的： 名词： way wisdom wish wonder worry writer 代词： what who 形容词： weak well which wooden wounded wrong 副词： what when where why 动词： wait wake walk want warn waste widen win wonder work worry 介词： with within without Y字母开头的： 形容词：young 副词：yet 连词： A：and after although as B：because before but I：if N：neither nor O：or S：since so T：than till though U：unless until W：when while whether 疑问词/连词：what how 【专题过关】 首字母专题形容词副词知识点梳理 A survey has been published which shows that British people don’t like their neighbors very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbors h 92 pay attention to others’ feelings. According to the survey, the b 94 problem is noise. Many of the complaints about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. The other main problems are disagreements (不和) about car parking spaces, and old people complaining about the young. Some disagreements last a l 96 time. Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never share a meal, 80% have never had a drink t 97 and 20% have never even spoken. 2. New technology has really opened up the world of film making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may start your own film-making. 5. B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story e 97 . Many world-famous film maker and producers are also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 film. The underground is fast and convenient. There is a station every few blocks. Underground trains run from 5:30 a.m. to 12:00 midnight. You can get to any place e 86 . London's black taxis are f 89 . Many visitors to London know they are good and comfortable. They Will cost you a few pounds, though. Take a taxi once, for the experience. Don't drive your car in London! Car parks are very e 91 . You have to pay a special congestion charge (拥堵费) to drive your car into the city centre. But life with a roommate can also be a t_____87_____ experience. Some experts did a study of college students who shared a room. Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay with them all the time from when you don’t see them very o____89____. So, before you plan to share a room with a friend, discuss the situation carefully. If you decide to share a room with someone you don’t know, talk to each other. It’s important to be h____90___ about your habits and things you hate. P 82 activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating. Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v 84 collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins. Surprisingly, teenagers s 87 went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly. It’s a common school day at Southern Cross School near the famous Kruger National Park in South Africa. Teachers and pupils don’t sit in a classroom. I 81 , they go through the forest or sit under the trees. The classroom for small preschoolers is a little different from the rest of the school. For example, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very s 84 . The Young Person’s Rail-card is very popular in Britain now．It gives young people the chance to buy c 81 train tickets across the country．Just imagine，it could take you to festivals，to see friends，or to london for a weekend break，at a lower price． If a rail-card does not have the user’s name signed，it will be considered invalid （无效的）．No one else may use either your rail-card or any tickets bought with it．You will be required to pay the f 86 price of the ticket if you are unable to show your own rail-card with the ticket for a check during a journey． Tony’s mother put different foods which were unfamiliar to Amy onto big plates. She asked the kids to carry the food-filled plates out to the table. Amy carried roast duck. It was one of the f _____84_____dishes she recognized. Amy was a little nervous about eating with chopsticks. Tony gave her instructions on how to do it. Amy finally managed to hold the chopsticks. Just when she picked up a piece of chicken in her chopsticks, her fingers s___85_____ lost control of them, and the chicken flew across the table. Tony’s father kindly brought out a fork and knife. He handed them to Amy .Amy felt more c__87_______. She ate the rest of her dinner easily. It was delicious! 首字母专题动词名词知识点梳理 A survey has been published which shows that British people don't like their neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbours hardly pay attention to others" feelings. 25% don't talk lo the people who live next door and 10% don't even know their names. In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m 93 because they don't get along well with their neighbours. Many of the complaints about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which can't s 95 the noise from next door . At one time, making a film was an expensive activity for only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but also the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. However, modern technology has c 92 all that. By train Take a train to visit places outside London, like Hampton Court and Windsor Castle. You can use a Travel card on the underground, buses and most trains. To p 88 your journey, get a map from the railway stations, take some time to think about the places you want to visit. By bike There aren't many good bicycle lanes in London. Cycling with a large guided group is better than r 92 alone. Some experts did a study of college students who shared a room. They found that students who had problems with their roommates were not happy at school and are more likely to get sick than other students. So, how can you l_____88____ with a roommate and enjoy it? Here is some advice. Don’t get angry at small things that your roommate does. Try to f_____92____ the unhappy things between you and your roommate. No one-including you-is perfect. Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i 83 both listening to and playing music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine. V 85 friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week . In this school you won’t hear a teacher saying “Count how many apples Jane has in her basket.” Actually, the children visit a nearby river to count the number of marks left by animals. This way they can see how many different animals come to d 85 during the night. The students are encouraged to take care of the injured and small animals. If they find a dead animal in the area, they study where the animal fits in the foot chain and how and why it d 86 . Who can apply? Anyone between 16 and 25 years of age. You will need to provide something to p_____82______ that you are under 26. For this, only your ID card, driving license, passport or medical card will be acceptable . Tony is Chinese American. His family members gather together and serve a traditional Chinese meal once a week. Last week Tony i_____81_____his friend Amy for it. “Where are the forks and knives?” Amy asked. “Oh, you won’t n ____83_____those.” Tony explained.” I will show you how to use chopsticks. Don’t worry. However, when neighbours become each other's f___98___ , they are often ready to offer help, as we can see in many parts of the world. However, film-making is t 94 work. You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the p 95 of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You don’t even need to pay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job. By bus Travelling by bus is a good way to see the city-, especially from the top of a double-decker bus. There is always a bus stop nearby. There are special tickets for c 87 under the age of 12. By b 90 The "river bus" leaves from Westminster Pier and stops at different places between Westminster and Greenwich Pier. A good way to see the city from the River Thames. At some time in your life, you might have a roommate. It is a good idea to share a flat, especially for students or people who have just finished school, because flats are usually expensive. And m______86_____ is not the only reason for having a roommate. Sharing a flat can be fun . When you move in with a roommate, make rules. Decide how you will share h___91___, such as cleaning, washing and shopping, Will you share food？Is it OK to have guests? And what about loud music? A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report the r 81 of the survey. It’s not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities. The school teaches students all the same s 82 as the rest of the country’s schools, but the teaching methods are completely different. The headmaster says, “We must make people understand what we are doing to the e 87 . We need to care for our planet.” Then take your completed application form with a recent p_____84______ of yourself, £28 and other materials needed to any main railway station or student travel office to apply for the card . How to use your rail-card? You can use it any time: weekends, holidays or during the week. Please ask at your local station or contact a railway travel agent for more i_____85______ . Tony’s family was preparing dinner when Amy arrived. The family was cooking vegetables with hot oil. The k______82____ was filled with many good smells 首字母专题介词代词知识点梳理 5． B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story easily. 6． It landed in Tony’s soup with a splash(飞溅). E___86______ at the table smiled. - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 词形转换专题 【题型介绍】 词形转换主要考查数词、代词、名词、动词、形容词、副词；题量为8道，分值8分。 词形转换题的考査内容既有比较简单的单词变化，又有对知识的综合运用。这些变化主要包括:括号内所给单词的词性不变，根据句意，仅在词形上作适当的变化，然后填入空白处。如: 名词 复数、（单数或复数的）名词所有格 形容词 比较级、最高级 副词 比较级、最高级 人称代词主格 宾格、物主代词、反身代词 基数词 序数词 动词原形 动词-ing形式、过去式、过去分词 另一种是根据句意，对括号内所给单词作词性转换，如: 名词 动词、形容词、副词 形容词 副词、动词、名词 副词 形容词、动词、名词 动词 名词、形容词、副词 【专题精讲】 (一）数词 基数词和序数词的转换，注意拼写。 (基本规律：基数词+th=序数词) 常考题： 1.This is my __________ time for me to further my English study in America. (two) 2.That's where water comes from in the ____________ place. (one) 3.She visits us ______a week.（two) 易错题： 一些数词变化时的拼写：four--forty nine-ninth twelve-twelfth twenty-twentieth 1. Mr Green is in his ______(four). His eldest son is 15 years old 1. Beethoven's N______ Symphony is a glorious piece of music.(nine) 1. He died of illness at the age of f_____. (fortieth) 4.Kodak, ______a extremely successful company, disappeared from public’s sight completely.(one) (二）名词 注意名词的数 以o结尾名词变复数：有生命---+es (heroes/tomatoes...) 无生命---+s (radios/photos...) 双元音结尾----+s (kangaroos...) interest：[U]趣味，兴趣;[C]爱好 eg. She has _________in science. She has some ___________, such as shopping, dancing and running. 【归纳】动词--->名词 1 V.+ment 结尾 amuse----> amusement 娱乐 develop------> development 发展 argue---->argument 争吵 2 V. + tion 结尾 attract ----> attraction collect--->collection locate ---> location operate--->operation organize--->organization pollute---> pollution solve----> solution 3 V. + sion 结尾 conclude-----> conclusion 结论 discuss ----> discussion decide ----> decision 决定(高频考点) impress---> impression 4 V. + ing 结尾 begin---> beginning 开端 mean----> meaning 意义 say----> saying 谚语 paint ----> painting 油画，水彩画 5 V. + 其他 choose--->choice(s) 选择 examine ---->exam 检查,考试 fly----> flight 航班 know----> knowledge 知识 mix--->mixture produce---->product 产品 serve---> service 服务(不可数) sit----> seat 座位 speak ---> speech 演讲 succeed ---->success 成功 形容词--->名词 important ---->importance, confident ----->confidence good—goodness, happy-happiness, safe---->safety (包括记忆动词 save, 副词 safely) 名词--->名词 名词后缀补充: -ist ( 人, 名词后缀): science--scientist, terror--terrorist -ese( 民族,语言,名词后缀): China--Chinese, Japan--Japanese 一些易错词汇变形： argue---argument; able-ability; explain--explanation；grow—growth；describe-description等。 different+可数名词复数。 常考题： 1. Because of the heavy traffic jam, I missed the __________of the film. (begin) 2. It is necessary for everyone to brush his ________ after each meal. (tooth) 3. We received Peter's _______and went to his birthday party happily. (invite) 4. _______ were limited to 15 minutes each.（speak) 5. David went to Canada several yeas ago. Now he is a _____.(city) 6. It must be your best _______to study abroad to improve your spoken English. (choose) 易错题： 1. I have no ________for what happened.(explain) 2.There are two immediate responses to this _______.(complain) 3.The two trees are about the same _______.(high) 4.Saga provides a _______of products and services aimed at people aged 50 and over.(vary) 5.Here is your guide to seeking out a bit of rest and _______ in Bali.(relaxed) 6.I am truly sorry this happened, and I apologize for the ________. (convenient) (三）形容词 形容词注意比较级、最高级、反义词。 one of 后接形容词一般用最高级 前后有比较用比较级 much, still, even, far 是常见修饰比较级的单词。 【归纳】 动词--->形容词： frighten--->frightening(物)/ frightened( 人) widen ---> wide enrich --->rich thank--->thankful 对......感激, forget---> forgetful 健忘的 attract(s)---> attractive 迷人的 change--->changeable 多变的 tradition --->traditional 传统的 名词--->形容词： 1 N.+y 结尾 anger---->angry 生气的, salt ----> salty 咸的, noise---->noisy (去 e 加 y)吵闹的 2 N.+ful/less 结尾 care---> careful/careless, home----> homeless 无家可归的 use---> useful/useless 有用的/无用的 3 N.+ ing/ed 结尾 interest---->interesting/interested 令人有趣的/感到有趣的 4 N+-ish 结尾 fool----> foolish, 5 N+al结尾 freind---->friendly, love-lovely 6 特例： history ---> historical chemistry--->chemical 常考题： 1. Australia has______ people than china does. (few) 2. Nowadays blogs are much more useful than _______diaries. (tradition) 3. It’s not safe to give out your _______information to your strange net friends. (person) 4. Joe is a __________ man. He seldom makes a mistake in doing anything, (care) 5. It’s _______ for you to feel nervous when you have an important exam. (nature) 易错题： 1. It’s ____ for us to cross the road when the traffic light is red. (safety) 2. Shanghai is the ______city I have ever lived . (noise) 3. It was_______of the boy to pretend that the penknife was his own. (honest) 4. It was ______for such a little girl to solve this hard problem in ten minutes. (usual) 5.All these new tools make it______than ever to ensure code quality.(easy) (四）副词 形容词(adj.)→副词(adv.) 【归纳】 ▲一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词（ quick—quickly；slow—slowly等） 高频词：mainly, generally, clearly, finally，recently, seriously, widely, securely 但是,以下几点值得注意： (a) 一些以"辅音字母+y"结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-ly 例如: happy—happily, angry—angrily (b)有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-y 例如:possible—possibly, terrible—terribly (c)少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly 例如: true—truly 但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly例如: polite—politely, wide—widely (d)以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时要在词尾加-ly,以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y. 例如: usual—usually, careful—carefully (e) good—well 常考题： 1. It's said that the tall building was__________destroyed in a recent big fire. (complete) 2. Susan is__________ sorry for what she has done. ( terrible ) 3. We haven’t heard from Chen Xing_______ .Is she used to the life in UK? (recent) 4. The servant answered the phone _______. (polite) 易错题： 1."You miss your father, don't you?" the mother asked __________. (gentle) 2.And we have done a research of our market. I think we would broad the market_______.(succeed) (五）代词 (a)代词，注意反身代词的运用。 (1)反身代词 注意主语和所填单词是否一致。 He looked at __________ in the mirror.(he) 应填 himself 而不是 him。 (2)yourself---yourselves (注意单复数） (b) a friend of one’s 常考题： 1. If anyone phones me, ask for ____ number so that I can call them back.(they) 2. As middle school students, we should know how to look after________. (us) 3. Nobody taught the twins how to play basketball, they learned it by ___________. (they) 4.Linda is using my computer, ___________ is broken, (she) 易错题： 1. Tom __________ went to the railway station to meet his uncle yesterday. (he) 1. Some friends of________will come to our Christmas Party tonight.(we) 1. “Enjoy _______ in Maldives,” The mother said to her twins. (you) (六）动词 注意过去式或过去分词的拼写。 如：write-wrote-written break-broke-broken 等 注意 re-开头动词，如 rewrite/rebuild/review/recycle/reuse eg. __________ paper helps reduce pollution.(use) 应填 Reusing 而不是 Using。 【归纳】形容词--->动词 -ize: real--->realize -en: quick--->quicken, sharp--->sharpen ,wide---> widen 注意反义词、时态、三单。 易混淆词汇如frighten。 常考题： 1.It is predicted that Japan can hardly_______as many cars this year as last year .(product) 2.The English Channel _______ (able) you to travel by train from France to Britain. 3.Charlie was clever enough to ________ John's life. (safety) 易错题： 1.Our class teacher often __________ how we should fill in the form. (explanation) 2.We all ____________ to go to the zoo tomorrow because it will rain heavily.(agree) 3.Tom went to Australia in order to ___________ his study. (far) 4..A lot of fish ___________when the lake is polluted. (appear) （七）意思取反(常考!!)： honest --->dishonest possible--->impossible healthy---->unhealthy usual---->unusual appear ---> disappear （八)转化词：转化词是指由一种词类转用作另一种词类的词。 例如：hand(n .)手， hand(v .)传递， dry(adj .)干燥的， dry(v .) 烘干 难点及常见错误分析 （1） 思维定势 例如：①I hate doing one thing ________ (two) ②My father will retire in his ________( fifty) ③It is _______ for a 5-year-old boy to dress himself. (possibly) ④As we all know, July 4 is America's ________ Day. (depend) （2） 一词多性 2 Lucy must work________ to support her poor family. (hard) ②We'd better start ________ tomorrow in order not to miss the ________ bus. (early) 3 Smoking does great ______ to our health. (harm) 4 The rice is so hard. Please ________ it. (heat) （ (3）谨慎思考 ①How ________ the headmaster is making a speech to the freshmen！ (excite) ②Let life be beautiful like spring flowers and autumn leaves.( die) ③Jack says that painting of ________ is among the best on show in the art gallery. (I) ④My mother often tells me not to send a photo of ________to someone whom I talk with on the Internet. (I) （3） 难度较大 1 Wenchuan earthquake was _________ to our human beings. (destroy) ②Would you please _________ some milk for me , Mom? ( hot) ③Unfortunately, the football_________ under the teacher's desk was finally found by our teacher. (hide) 【专题过关】 (一） 1. To tell you the______ , I don’t like this songs at all. (true) 2. My_____ is over 80 kilograms so I should go on a diet. (weigh) 3. Mobile phones are______used in our life nowadays. (wide) 4. English is the most widely _____language in the world. (use) 5. His failure is________ for him for he seldom does his homework by himself. (usually) 6. It is______ for him to fail in the English test. He always gets good marks for all subjects. (usual) 7.Teacher Wang asked us______ pen this was. (who) 8. I think Li Ming will be the_______ of the table tennis match. (win) 9. Millions of ________come to visit the Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower every day. (visit) 10. When I entered Mr. Smith’s office, he was _________ a newspaper carefully. (reader) (二) 1. This reading book is very______ for Grade 9 students. (use) 2. Tell me_______ what you think about it. (true) 3. He was so tired that he almost fell __________ in class. (sleep) 4. Many magnificent buildings such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum and so on show the great_______of Chinese people. (wise). 5. Let me _______the parcel for you first. (weight) 6. The traditional culture and customs are different between eastern and _______countries. (west) 7. The young man works as a________ in a five-star hotel. (wait) 8. The ________ happened so suddenly that we failed to see suspect. (rob) 9. Have you get used to________ in your new flat? (alive) 10. One day, when they get home as_______, they found something strange at once. (usual) (三) 1. Computers are______ machine. (use) 2. What do people_______ eat for their Christmas Dinner? (usual) 3. Do you know the ___________ of saving water? (important) 4. What a_______ day it is today! (sun) 5. There is no ________ that he is the thief. (prove) 6. John lives on the _________ floor while Mike lives on the twelfth. (nine) 7. We must stop cutting down trees because they are our pollution __________. (fight) 8. Some _________ visited our factory yesterday. (Germany) 9. Each of the_______ of the game will be given a nice present. (win) 10. If he_______ a few minutes more, he’ll get another good chance. (waiter) 【学法提炼】 (一)确定词性 (二)分析句意，是否是反义词。 (三)检查：大些写、单复数、时态、拼写等。 【课后作业】 Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)：(共8分) 54. In autumn the road is always covered with fallen________. (leaf) 55. Tom, you are no longer a little boy. You should learn to be ________. (depend) 56. Join us, and you’ll find learning English can be ________ and wonderful. (enjoy) 57. The government is going to ________ the road this coming summer. (wide) 58. -- Alice, which is the ________ day of a week? (five)  --Thursday, I think. 59. Bali is a beautiful place. It attracts a lot of ________ every year. (tour) 60. Jacky does exercise twice a day and he looks much ________ than before. (health) 61. The girl looked ________ at her new dress. (happy) Complete the sentences with the given word in their proper forms(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共8分） 1. In my class, about two ______of the students are girls. (five) 1. Some children like sharing secrets with close friends while others prefer to keep secrets to______(they). 1. In the university, students may use __________calculators in Maths exams. (electricity) 1. Every ________will be benefit from the good environment of the city. (city) 1. At night, a light is ______on the wall so that people can see everything clearly. (hang) 1. The cat is really________ (fright) by the strange sound. 1. Go ahead, then_______ you’ll find Shanghai Middle School. (straight) 61.The guide has collected all the________(visit) ID cards. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词)：（8分） 59. This method of controlling your dogs proves _______, so try another way. (affect) 60. Examination for the GCSE are taken after about five years of _______ education. (second) 61. One of my friend’s children know 30 different _______ of birds before she was four. (vary) 62. We are all _______ of the cultural influences of our societies. (produce) 63. The local guide showed them around some famous _______ spots in that area. (scenery) 64. My mother never lets me leave my homework _______ unless I am sick. (finish) 65. But on second _______, I considered it better to remain silent on that deed. (think) 66. A student of the _______ has sent him a Christmas card from Canada. (professional ) III. Word transformation. (1%×9) 1. Lily just hopes to live________ in a quiet village after her retirement. (peace) 1. I lost my ________and fell asleep. (concentrate) 1. It is really ________that there is no hot water. (annoyance) 1. The burglar________ in breaking into that house. (successful) 1. You’ll be introduced to two of our school________ at the meeting.(represent) 1. Fans of electric cars say they are clean, quiet and_________ .(economy) 1. Thinking back, I don’t know how I had the . (encourage) 1. He later________ for his behavior. (apology) 1. She would like to be_______ _independent. (finance) - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 初中英语阅读专题之回答问题 总述 “阅读理解”的一种形式，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括能力。题目难度介于阅读理解和写作之间,要求学生在看懂文章的基础上给出的问题答案。要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的能力，并且能够根据所给题目准确找出解题依据，给出答案，注意细节。文体主要还是以记叙文为主，其他文体为辅。其中，问题类型的设置也是比较固定的。 答题技巧 一、解题技巧： 读懂问题--通读全文--信息定位--准确表达--避免答非所问 1. 通读全文： 做简答题的关键是要读懂原文，因此首先要通读全文、弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度，正确理解语境。 2. 按题查读，即根据问题去寻找答案： 认真阅读问题，充分理解问题，准确理解所问的内容，确定需要在文章中查找的对象，避免答非所问，注意以材料为本。无论是单词、词组、句子，还是人、物、时间、地点、原因等，都要根据文章类型准确填写。 3. 简练作答： 在基本确定了每道题的回答内容之后，就要用简练、准确 的英语表达出来。注意回答问时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。组织答案时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等，考试时最常见的错误就是时态语态用错，如需引用原文，要作适当改动，最好不要整句照搬灵活运用同义词语的替换和各种句型的不同表达。 （对于开放性问题的回答，应根据文章提供的素材，根据全文大意、中心思想和作者的情感、立场展开合理的想象） 4. 认真核查： 完成所填的答案以后，再将原短文和补全后的短文或句子放在一起,审读一遍，上下对比参照，逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节，是否答非所问，是否仍存在语法、词汇拼写 等错误，另外还有一点也要注意：如果对字数有要求, 是否符合要求。 Tips： 1.在对待生词的处理上，要一分为二地看待。有些不影响理解的生词（如地名，人名）可直接忽视掉。有些生词前后会出现破折号、冒号或者出现that is to say 或者that means等词时，其实就是解释说明的作用。可以注意推测出词意； 2.态度要端正，目前每年的篇幅都是呈上升的趋势，所以学生要有心理准备，务必要把握好做阅读题的节奏。 答题规范 四种疑问句组成具体形式如下： ◆一般疑问句 例如：Did Helen help Sahra to learn English? ◆特殊疑问句（what, how, when, where, why提问） Where was the missing college student found? Why do some experts worry most about young people? How can Internet addicts solve their problem? What might be the title of this passage?(In no more than TEN words) ◆反意疑问句：前否后肯，前肯后否，看作一般疑问句，根据实际情况回答。 ◆选择疑问句（避免Yes/No,选择性回答，也可以全部肯定或者否定）例如： Does Mary read space news or business news? ◆最后一题开放型提问，要注意避免使用good, bad, great过于笼统的词汇。要根据文字进行一些更加详细的回答信息。（3分：idea+reason） 例如： 105. What can you learn from Helen? 参考答案：I learn that the most rewarding(有益的) part of volunteer work is making friends. Besides they enrich each other’s life.(Any reasonable answer is OK.) 答案形式要符合提问方式： 针对不同的提问形式，需要注意下列问题： what提问 使用名词、to do、doing、句子等回答 why提问 使用Because, for, since, as, in order to等形式回答 when提问 使用介词+时间，如：In 1948./On September 19, 2004 where提问 使用介词+地点，如In the park how提问 使用形容词、副词、by doing、with……等方式状语 How long提问 使用For+时间段, since+时间点或者句子，如：For two years 注：如果动词是take、spend时，时间段是动词的宾语，这时不需要介词。 How far提问 使用Five minutes’ walk；It’s about 20 kilometers等等 反意疑问句 按事实回答，其中陈述部分为否定的反意疑问句回答是易错点 选择疑问句 注意不要yes和no来回答，直接进行选择，也可以全部否定或者肯定 一般疑问句 注意应将简单回答书写完整（分步给分） 开放式问题 使用I think he/she …/We need to be …/I can learn … from him/her 【回答问题注意】 1） 用How提问，回答要以by开头 A. How did the judge solve the student’s problem? B. (The judge solved the problem) By making the restaurant owner hear the sound of the falling coins. 2) 用where/when提问， 要以介词in/ on/ at或其他表示地点、时间的介词作为开头 A. Where did the student live? B. In a small room near a restaurant A When did Eppie Lederer begin to write an advice column for the Chicago Sun Times? B In 1955. (or: After she won a contest.) 3) 用how many提问，要注意数字前是否有限定词more than/ at least/about等。 A How many readers do the two columns have? B Nearly 200 million readers (around the world). 4） 用why提问，要以because (of) 开头回答, 或者以To do开头回答。 A Why did the student feel afraid? B Because the judge said he was wrong / he had only a few coins/ he had no money. A． Why did Lederer ask her readers to write letters to The U.S. Congress? B. To make them pass the law. 5）用whom提问，要以介词with/by等回答。 A．Whom did Sam live with in the Wild Catskill Mountains? B． He lived with himself. 6）How long提问时要注意区分在现在完成时态中要用for+一段时间（since+时间点）开头回答，其他则直接回答。 A How long have you stayed in Shanghai? B. For 3 years. A. How long did it take you to go to school by bus? B. 3 hours. 7) 注意回答时态： A． How was the food in the restaurant? B． The food was delicious/good. 8）反义疑问句： Example 1. Both Eppie Lederer and Pauline Phillip love their jobs, don’t they? 步骤： A. 去掉反义部分（即don’t they） B. 把前半部分的陈述句改为疑问句，即 Do both Eppei Lederer and Pauline Phillip love their jobs? C. 可以正常回答了。 Example 2 The student wasn’t happy living in the small room, was he? 步骤：A. 去掉反义部分（即was they） B. 把前半部分的否定句改为肯定句，即 The student was happy living in the small room. C. 再把肯定句改为疑问句，即Was the student happy living in the small room D. 可以正常回答了。 9）选择疑问句： Based on her speaking, how do we stay young, to laugh or to cry? 回答时，不以yes/no开头，直接选择其中一项回答， 即 We stay young to laugh. 10） 主观题： 要以文章中心思想为基础，通常看文章最后一段的意思，再用自己话概述 A． As a teenager, will you run away from home? Why? B Because this was just the kind of forest he always dreamed about 常见陷阱： 陷阱1 题目的时态和文章的时态不一致 The audience went crazy; suddenly everyone was cheering and shouting, like people do when they’ve just heard great music. 104.What do people usually do when they’ve just heard great music? They _________________________when they’ve just heard great music. His hands were so cold that Amelia could not help holding them. She said, "What’s up?" "My mom is sick and too weak to get up. Her birthday is coming. 102. How was Jack’s mother? 陷阱二 When, how long，how，where 等疑问副词提问 When=介词+时间 How long= for+一段时间（spend，take的宾语除外） How= by+ doing/adj./by+交通方式 Where=介词+地点 "For the past ten years we haven't had much free time to do other things. I certainly haven't had much free time to keep my own hair color, or lie in the sun, or do anything with only a little danger like skiing. It was nice to go on holiday and not have to make up on the SPF50 and sit under an umbrella with three caps on," Tom said. 94. How long has Tom Felton spent filming Harry Potter? The idea of eating chocolate didn't begin until the 19th century. Before that people drank chocolate. 99. When did the idea of eating chocolate begin? It began________________. 陷阱三 概括类型 The convenience of indoor climbing is one reason why it has become so popular. But the main reason people climb is for rush(刺激感) they get. 95. What are the reasons that make the indoor climbing so popular? The year 2010 is the Expo year which has attracted worldwide attention. As a young volunteer, Alice got her experience by working at a city service station. 105. In your opinion, what personality must a good volunteer have? 陷阱四 反意疑问句-前否后肯 He made himself comfortable, thought for some minutes until there was complete silence, and then he started to play music that was at first empty and dangerous, but that soon became loud and painful, like the worst thing you’ve ever heard. 100. The cellist didn’t start to play immediately after he sat down, did he? ____________________________ 例2 His hands were so cold that Amelia could not help holding them. She said, "What’s up?" "My mom is sick and too weak to get up. Her birthday is coming. I know my father’s coming back would be the best present. We really love him, and need him." "So what’s his name? What does he do?" Amelia asked. He said, "I’ve no idea. My mama said he had left us before I was two years old." 103. Jack had no memory of his father, did he? 陷阱五 审题错误 When the school day ends, some students go home, but many still stay at school for after-school activities. There are many activities and clubs to choose . With the headmaster’s agreement, students can start any kind of club that is educational and fun! 101. Are after-school activities and clubs only for a few good students or for many students? 以上是阅读回答问题解题的理论知识，理论结合实际才是无敌的。所以在理论思想指导下的大量练习才是提高阅读回答问题根本能力的根本方法。 Answer the questions (根据短文内容回答下列问题)： I lost my childhood to Harry Potter. --Tom Felton After nearly ten years, the Harry Potter bandwagon (热潮) is going to end. And for the young stars who have spent half their lives filming the movie, the pain of saying goodbye could not be greater. But there are several things Tom Felton---also known as Harry's school nemesis (复仇者) Draco Malfoy --- is looking forward to. And from the moment you see him, it is clear why. "For the past ten years we haven't had much free time to do other things. I certainly haven't had much free time to keep my own hair color, or lie in the sun, or do anything with only a little danger like skiing. It was nice to go on holiday and not have to make up on the SPF50 and sit under an umbrella with three caps on," Tom said. For all the fame and wealth that Harry Potter has brought its young stars, there have been plenty of downsides, too. Tom is now 23 but talks like he is ten years older, and his co-stars have been working since they were young children. And while he says he has no regrets about being in the movies, he also says that at the same time he had to grow up fast. "One thing that people keep on saying to me is that the wealth and the fame must have made up fax missing out on my childhood," he says. "But the idea of money ---putting a price on your childhood--- is ridiculous (可笑的). You will never get those years back. Don't you think you can put a price on them?" "And to me, fame is not a positive thing. The idea of being famous is a lot better than the reality." The youngest of four brothers brought up in a middle-class home in Epsom, Surrey, he honestly says that no one in the family knew what to do with all the money he was making. His mother invested some of it in property (不动产) but told him the rest was his to do with what he wanted. 93. Who is Tom Felton known as in the film Harry Potter? 94. How long has Tom Felton spent filming Harry Potter? 95. What couldn't Tom do while he was an actor in a film? 96. Why did Tom think putting a price on his childhood was ridiculous? 97. Tom's mother invested all of his money in property, didn't she? 98. What have you learned from Tom's childhood experience? 【专题精炼】 Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）：（12分） (A) It was very windy when I woke up last Tuesday morning. As soon as I set off for the airport, it began to rain heavily. What a great way to start a holiday! While I was driving to the airport, the storm got worse. Suddenly, a huge flash of lightning struck a tree. It came straight down just metres in front of my car.The fallen tree completely blocked(堵塞) the road, so I was stuck. I tried to call for help on my mobile, but the line was dead. I was sure that I’d miss my plane, so I turned on the radio and tried to get used to the idea. Soon there was a loud knock at the window. To my surprise it was a young man in leather clothes. "Need a ride? He asked. My plane was leaving in an hour so I didn’t think twice. I took my bags, climbed carefully onto the motorcycle and shouted. "To the airport please!" It was my first time on a motorcycle so I was badly frightened. The young man drove so fast that I kept my eyes shut all the way. Suddenly, the motorcycle came to a stop. “Here we are, sir!” he said. I looked at my watch and there were only ten minutes left. I was just in time for my flight. The young man wished me a nice trip, then quickly drove away. 104. What was the weather like when the writer woke up last Tuesday morning? _____________________________________________________________ 105. What did the writer do first after the fallen tree blocked the road? _____________________________________________________________ 106. The writer thought he would miss his plane before the young man appeared, didn’t he? _____________________________________________________________ 107. How did the writer feel when he was riding on the motorcycle? _____________________________________________________________ 108. How long did it take the young man drive the writer to the airport？ _____________________________________________________________ 109. What do you think of the young man? _____________________________________________________________ (B) I was very nervous as I waited to interview one of the most successful women of our times: Kathy Howe. I was just a young reporter and she was not only a popular singer but also a famous actress, starring in many movies. As soon as the door opened, however; and her slim figure appeared, I immediately relaxed. She looked great, with her kind brown eyes, her excellent black hair, and her beautiful smile. I looked for bags under her eyes, but there were none. “How do you manage to look so good and live life in the fast lane at the same time?” I asked her. She laughed, and her whole face shone. “It’s tiring to be famous. You have to work hard, be on time, and take care of yourself. Also, you have to go to Hollywood parties, be taken photos for magazines, and give interviews!” As we talked, I found out that Kathy is a very warm and kind person, and that her family is more important to her than being a star. At the same time, she wants to do everything as well as she can, so she can sometimes seem to be hard. When I asked her if she thought of herself as lucky, she didn’t answer immediately. Then she said, “Well, perhaps I’m lucky, but I also work very hard, and being famous had weak points, too. In fact, I’ve missed out on lots of things I really enjoy doing, like spending time with my daughter.” I felt sad when it was time to leave, as Kathy is a wonderful woman. I have never met anyone else who has such a busy life, and still manages to look so beautiful. 104. How did the writer feel before the interview began? 105. What did Kathy Howe look like when she entered? 106. Kathy Howe thinks being famous is tiring, doesn’t she? 107. What does Kathy Howe think of her family? 108. Does Kathy Howe have much time to spend with her daughter? 109. What kind of person do you think Kathy Howe is? (C) Kyra Komac, 28 years old, now has 25 furniture stores all over the country . The new store, in London’s Camden High Street , takes her back to where it all started. She tells us about how the business began. When I was little , my mother began selling flowers in Camden Market . She couldn’t leave me at home on my own, so I had to go to the market with her. To begin with, I didn’t have to do anything. I just sat there , and my mum told me jokes and stories so I didn’t get bored. When I got older, I gave my mum a hand and I really enjoyed it. Then one year, my grandma gave me a book for Christmas. It was all about making candles and I loved it. I was 14 , and I didn’t have to go to the market any more because mum could leave me at home on my own. I spent my free time making candles of all shapes and sizes. I made hundreds of them. One day, my mother was ill so I had to go to the market on my own. I decided to take some candles with me and see if I could sell them. They were sold out in twenty minutes! The next week, my mum gave me some money to buy some wax (蜡) to make more candles. They sold out really quickly, too. Nine months later, we decided to stop selling flowers. My mum and I couldn’t make enough candles during the week, so some of my school friends started to help us .I paid them one pound for every candle, and we used to sell them for three or four times that .It was fun and my friends worked with me in the market. At the age of 22, my uncle lent me some money and I opened my first shop in Portobello Road . Since then , I’ve never looked back, even in difficulties. In the first store, we only sold candles, but now we sell everything from designer furniture to paintings. Oh, and candles, of course. 99. How many furniture stores does Kyra Komac have now ? 100. Where did Kyra’s mother sell flowers ? 101. What did Kyra do in her free time when she was fourteen ? 102. Did the candles sell well on the first day in the market ? 103. Who helped Kyra and her mum when they couldn’t make enough candles during the week? 104. How did Kyra’s uncle help her to open her first shop ? He helped her 105. What do you think of this story ? I think (D) Mary Donaldson is worried about her 16-year-old daughter. Sophia. Six months ago. Sophia came back from a party, upset and unhappy. From then on. she thinks of nothing but how to lose weight and become beautiful. She refuses to eat and keeps on doing exercise. Sophia had always been a little heavy, so when he decided to go on a diet, Mary encouraged her. She felt that her daughter would look more attractive if she lost 10 kilograms. However, Sophia has lost over 20 kilograms until now. Her eating and exercising habits are having a harmful effect on her health. She is too thin and is often sick. Her mother is trying to prevent her from going on a diet and losing weight, but Sophia thinks that she is still too heavy and refuses to start eating as usual. Sophia's mind is full of the idea of looking like a model (模特). Every day she goes to a club to do exercise. When she is not there, she spends her time reading magazines like Fashion & Beauty (《时尚与美》). The models in these magazines are very thin and beautiful. Sophia says. "If I look like these models, I will be happy and all the boys will like me" Mary doesn't know how to help her daughter. She feels sorry for having encouraged her at first, because Sophia no longer feels good or pleased with her body. She's afraid that Sophia will never be happy if she keeps comparing herself with the models in the magazines. Mary tries to tell Sophia that true beauty comes from within. Common people are not supposed to look like models. The most ordinary face becomes beautiful when the person behind it is filled with confidence (自信), wisdom and the joy of life. 99. When did Sophia decide to lose weight? _____________________________________________________________________ 100. Besides doing exercise, what else does Sophia do to lose weight? _____________________________________________________________________ 101. How much weight has Sophia lost until now? _____________________________________________________________________ 102. Did Sophia give up going on a diet after she had lost some weight? _____________________________________________________________________ 103. Where does Sophia do exercise every day? ________________________________________________________________________________ 104. Why does Mary feel sorry for having encouraged her daughter to go on a diet at first? _____________________________________________________________________ 105. In your opinion, what is "true beauty"? _______________________________________________________________________________ (E) 1. Helen Monson has always been interested in helping her community. Her first volunteer experience was for the American Red Cross when she was in high school. When she was a school teacher, she also found time to volunteer. One year, she organized a Super Saturday Fun Day for kids in the community. She also used to volunteer at the Mint Festival every year. One summer, she served food, another year she organized an art programme. 2. After she retired, she started volunteering to help the old. When her father was older, he was not able to see as well as he used to, which made her sad because he had always enjoyed reading. She decided it would be fun to read to elderly people in her community. She also helped one woman write her stories. Ann was almost 100 years old, and Helen wrote down information about her life when she visited her. She put the information in a book and got it published. Ann was very excited to share her life story with her children and her grandchildren. 3. After a hurricane(飓风) destroyed some southern cities, Helen volunteered again for the American Red Cross. She prepared food and answered phones in a care centre. She says, “I have always liked the Red Cross because the organization helps people in need no matter what.” 4. One day, Helen read an article in the newspaper about refugees(难民) who needed to learn English. Now, she meets once a week with Sahra, a 38-year-old woman, from Somalia. Sahra is living and working in a town about 30 minutes’ walk from where Helen lives. They work on reading and writing skills. Helen gave Sahra a camera and asked her to take pictures of her daily life. She developed the pictures, and then asked Sahra questions about them. In the end, they wrote a book together and used the photos in the book. This helped Sahra learn many new words about her everyday life. 5. Helen says, “The most rewarding(有益的) part of volunteer work is becoming friends with the people I help. They enrich my life as well as I enrich theirs.” 99. When was Helen’s first volunteer experience for the American Red Cross? 100. What did Helen do after she retired? 101. Why was Ann excited when her book got published? 102. Where did Helen work when she volunteered again for the American Red Cross? 103. How far is Sahra living and working from Helen’s home? 104. Did Helen help Sahra to learn English? 105. What can you learn from Helen? - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题之句型转换 【题型介绍】 题量总共7道，分值14分，每道题2分。句型转换是要求学生根据所给的句型，按要求或提示完成考题，考查的是学生对句子结构的构成、变化等方面的知识以及对此类知识的运用能力。该题型首先给出一个完整的句子，再给出一个含有几个空白处的句子，根据不同的要求填入适当的词完成句型转换。 句型转换涉及到语法知识的各个方面，在做这种题时，应注意时态、语态、人称、数的变化，特殊疑问词的用法，及助动词的用法等。句型转换考题虽然包括各种句式，但通常以两种形式进行考查：同义型句型转换和条件型句型转换。 【专题精讲】 (一).肯定句<--->否定句： 常考的考点：have 、do句型 提取助动词+ 动词原形  ：do/did/does + V原形 特例1：现在完成时have/has been --> have/has not been 1.He has been there.(改否定句)      He _____ _____ there. 2.Jake has already downloaded many free games from the App store. (改为否定句) Jake ________ downloaded many free games from the App store ________. hasn’t been hasn’t yet 特例2：一般将来时will do ---> won’t do 1. The charity organization will receive some money from the local governmentext year. (改为否定句) The charity organization _____ receive _____ money from the local government next year. won’t yet 特例3:   had better do ---> had better not do   (would rather (not) do) (二). 反意疑问句： 常考的考点：带有否定副词的句子。 前肯后否，前否后肯。 1.信号词never, seldom, hardly, rarely, few/little 功能上= not 2.注意用代词  Mr.Smith and his wife 用代词-->they Her parents seldom went to work, _____ _____? did they 3. 注意句子的整体理解 They tried everything they could to improve the situation. (改为反意疑问句) They tried everything they could to improve the situation, _________ _________? didn’t they 注意：have/has/had 只有在 ①现在完成时，②过去完成时，③had better 情况下可直接用于反义疑问句中，其他一律用do/does/did. (三). 主动语态变被动语态 英语中被动语态由“助动词be＋动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称 和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表： 常考的考点：一.现、一.过、一将以及含有情态动词的被动语态。 be动词+动词（P.P） 情况1：                一.现：  am/is/are + V(P.P) 1. 过：  was/were +V(P.P)                                                   情况2（有be）： 一.将：  will be + V(P.P)                         情态动词:    can/may/must/should be+ V(P.P) 情况3：                现.完：  have/has been +V(P.P) 注：人称单复数变化！！(被动语态：主语<—>宾语置换会导致单复数变化) Uncle Tom grows tomatoes in the field.(改被动) Tomatoes_____ _______ by Uncle Tom in the field. are grown (四). 同义句转换 常考的考点：主要考考纲的近义短语、常用的初中重点句型。 1.表结果so….that +句子= too … (adj) to  do= not …(adj反义词) enough to do He is so weak that he can’t play football. He is___ weak ____play football. He is not _____ ______ to play football. too, to; strong, enough 2.表目的so as to do =（in order）to do= so that+ 句子= in order that+句子 3.表原因because, because of They didn’t go to the museum last Monday. It rained hard. (保持句意基本意思) They didn’t go to the museum last Monday _______  _______the heavy rain. because of 1. 条件状从 和祈使句的转换 if….not= unless 如果不 Take the underground, or you will be late for the lecture. 保持句意基本不变） You __________ be late for the lecture __________ you take the underground. will unless 5.时间状从  not…until  直到......才 The firemen stopped working when all the workers were saved. (保持原句意思) The firemen ________ stop working ________ all the workers were saved. didn’t until ★★★高频考点： 1. so….that +句子 2. too … (adj) to do 3. not …(adj反义词) enough to do He is so weak that he can’t play football. = He is___ weak ____play football. = He is not _____ ____ to play football. 2. so as to do （in order）to do so that+ 句子 in order that+句子 表目的 3. Because , Because of 表原因 4. if….not= unless 条件状从，如果不 5. 时间状从 not…until 直到......才 6. be held=take place 举办 7. join ---have been in 现在完成时中瞬间动词转换为延续性动词 8. used to do sth = often/usually did sth = did sth … in the past 过去常常干某事 9. remove= take away 移除 10. you mustn’t do sth = be not allowed to do = don’t do sth 禁止做某事 11. be good at = do well in 擅长做某事 12. be poor at = do badly in 拙劣于 13. care for =look after = take care of 关爱，照顾 14. stop…from =keep…from= prevent…form 阻止....做.... 15. set out for= set off for= start= leave for 出发 16. do sth.successfully;succeed in doing sth.; be successful in sth;manage to do sth. ; be able to do sth. 五个成功做某事 17. in my opinion = I think 我认为 18. be responsible for=be in charge of = take charge of 对…负责 19. make an apology to sb. for doing =say sorry to sb. for doing 向某人道歉 20. purchase sth. for money =buy sth. for money 为.....买东西 21. 句型：1. 人 + spend + 钱/ 时 + (in)doing sth /on sth. 句型:2. 物 + take + （人）+ 时间 + to do sth 句型: 3. 物 + cost + （人）+ 钱 + to do sth　句型: 4. 人 + pay + 钱 + to sb/ for sth　 花费 22. be made up of = consist(s) of 由…组成 23. improve a lot …= make progress 在......有进步 24.offer sb sth=offer sth to sb provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb. 提供某人某物 25. prefer(red）A to B = like(d) A better than B 喜欢A胜过B 26. besides A= in addition to A 除A以外（还有） 27. do harm to…= be harmful to = be bad for… 对…有害 28.run out of = use up 用完 29.consider doing= think about doing 考虑 30.decide to do = make a decision to do =make up one’ mind to do 决定干某事 31.escape = run away 逃跑 32.immediately =at once =right now =right away 立即 33.when he was over sixty = in his sixties 在他60多岁的时候 34. high =in height 高度 35. wide = in width 高度 36. long = in length 长度 37.achieve an A for maths get an A for maths 数学得了一个A 38. a kind of=a type of=a sort of 一种；一类 39.agree with sb. =have the same idea / opinion with 同意某人的观点、意见 40. all the day=the whole day 一整天 41. also=as well=too 也 42. amounts of = a great amount of 大量(加不可数名词) 43. answer = reply to 回答 44. arrive at/ in some place =get to some place =reach some place 到达某地 45.as well as=together…with = along with… = with 和…一起 46. at last =in the end =finally 最后 47.at present =at the moment =for the time being=now 此刻，目前 48. be unable to do=fail to do 未能做某事 49. be active in=play an active part in 积极参加 50. be afraid of sth. / doing = be frightened at sth. 害怕 51. be aged 30 = be 30 years old 30岁 52. be busy with sth. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 53. be different from (not) be the same as 与……不同 54. be fond of sth. / doing =be keen on sth./ doing=be interested in 喜爱做某事；热衷于做某事 55. be friendly to =be kind to 对…友好 56.be full of =be filled with =be crowded with 充满了….挤满了…… 57.be good at sth./doing =do well in sth./ doing 擅长于做…… 58. be interested in sth. / doing =show/ take/ have interest in sth./doing 对……感兴趣的 59.be located (in, at, on) =lie (in, at, on) 位于……;坐落于…… 60.be pleased with =be satisfied with 对……感到满意 61.be responsible for =be in charge of =take charge of 对……负责 62.be surprised at=be amazed at 对……感到惊讶 63.be thankful to =show thanks to 对……感激 64. belong to sb.=be one’s…=is the owner of 属于某人；是某人的 65.begin to do begin doing start to do start doing 开始做某事 66. by oneself =alone=personally =on one’s own 单独地‘独自地 67. by bus / train on a bus / train take a bus/train to by car / taxi in a car / taxi drive to 乘公共汽车/ 火车乘小轿车/ 出租车 68. besides in addition 此外，另外 69.give sb. a hand do sb. a favor 帮助某人 70. make fun of =play a trick on sb. =laugh at sb. 取笑某人 71.rely on=depend on 依靠 72.get tired of =be bored with 厌倦 73. start to do= take up doing 开始干某事 74. now and then=from time to time 有时，不时 (五). 对划线部分提问 常考的考点：how long/soon/ far/often, how much/ many的区别；Why/ What/ How 的区别 ★How long 多长时间  信号词：for +时间段；since+时间点(for 10 years, since 2012) ★How soon 多久          信号词：in + 时间段(in 10 days) ★How often & How many times 表频率    信号词：once, twice, >=3 times, 特注：当信号词是every 2 weeks等时，疑问词只能How often ★How far  多远距离   信号词：meters, two hours’walk/ride ★How old  历史多久   信号词：has a history of more than 1000 years ★Why     原因              信号词：to do…，for+ doing/名词 ★How     方式              信号词：by doing… Lisa used to eat candy all the time. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ Lisa use to do all the time? What did (六). 肯定句改为感叹句 常考的考点：近年来考的较少，要求掌握How/What 的修饰用法。 (七). 两句子合并为一句，复合句变为简单句 常考的考点 一、用“及物动词（decide, hope, wish, choose, promise, agree等）+不定式”结构可以将含有that引导的某些宾语从句的复合句转换成简单句。例如： 1. He decided that he would buy a digital camera online. →He decided _____ _____ a digital camera online. 二、用“疑问词+不定式”结构可以将某些含有连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句转换简单句.例如： 1. I don’t know which one I can buy. →I don’t know which one ____ _____. 三、用“too…to…”结构可以将含有so…that引导的结果状语从句(否定)的复合句转成简单句.如： 1. The boy is so young that he can’t look after himself. →The boy is too young to look after himself. 四、用“…enough +不定式”结构可以将含有so …that …引导的结果状语从句（肯定）的复合句转变为简单句.例如： 1.The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree. →The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree. 五、用“in order +不定式”或“so as +不定式”结构可以将含有so that 引导的目的状语从句的复合句转换为简单句.如： 1. She decided to buy a camera online so that she could receive it soon. →She decided to buy a camera online in order to receive it soon. →She decided to buy a camera online so as to receive it soon. 六、在某些作表语的形容词后面加不定式可以将某些含有状语从句的复合句转变成简单句.例如： 1 .I was glad when I heard the good news. →I was glad_____ _____ the good news. (八) 宾语从句 注意点： 1．从句用陈述句语序    2. 主从句时态保持一致    3.代词合理变化 Frank asked me, "Have you ever created a comic strip?" (改为宾语从句) Frank asked me whether_______ _______ ever created a comic strip. I had ‘I can help repair the bike.’ said Jerry.(改为宾语从句)  Jerry said ________ he _______ help repair the bike. If could (九) 连词成句 首先找主语，可以做主语的词性初中需要掌握的就是名词，代词，以及动名词做主语。第二步判断谓语，可以谓语的词性有实意动词和系动词（be动词、感官动词等），第三部判断宾语/表语，然后根据单词的意思把句子写完整。最后注意看自己给的是句号还是问号，如果给的是问号注意语序的变化。 【专题过关】 Rewrite the following sentences as required 1.None of you will go to net bar to play computer game. ( 改为反义疑问句 ) None of you will go to net bar to play computer games, _____ ______? 2.Our group spent two hours preparing for our project. ( 保持句意不变 ) It _______ our group two hours to ____ for our project. 3.“Is that bridge the world’s longest sea bridge?” Cathy asked me . ( 改为宾语从句 ) Cathy asked me ______ that bridge _____ the world’s longest sea bridge. 4. The new dictionary cost me fifty yuan. ( 对划线部分提问 ) How _______ _____ the new dictionary cost you ? 5.People should take good care of the aged everywhere . ( 改为被动语态 ) The aged should ____ ____ good care of everywhere. 6.Please tell us what we should do to protect our environment.( 改为简单句 ) Please tell us ______ _______ do to protect our environment . 7.Work harder, or you ‘ll not succeed in your new job. ( 保持句意基本不变 ) ______ _______ work harder , you’ll not succeed in your new job. 8.Mary has her lunch at school every weekday. ( 改为否定句 ) Mary ______ _______ her lunch at school every weekday. 9.We lay on the floor inside the room . ( 改为一般疑问句 ) _____ you _____ on the floor inside the room? 10.Dad didn’t watch TV on the EVE of the Spring Festival . He played cards (合并为一句 ) Dad played cards on the Eve of the Spring Festival ______ ________ watching TV. 11.The case is so heavy that I can’t move it out of the room alone. ( 保持原句不变 ) The case is ___ heavy ___ me to move out of the room alone. 12.The world turns its attention to the World Cup every four years .( 对划线部分提问 ) _______ ______ does the world turn its attention to the World Cup? Keys: 1. Will you , 2.Took , prepare 3.If , was 4.Much did 5.Be taken 6.what to 7.Unless you 8.Doesn’t have 9.Did, lie 10.Instead of 11.Too ;for 12.How often Rewrite the following sentences as required 1.The boy said sorry to the old lady.（同意） They boy ________ _________ the old lady. 2. The lecture was kind of boring and I didn’t enjoy it.（同意） The lecture was _______ _______ boring and I didn’t enjoy it. 3.The boy asked his teacher, “Does water freezes at zero degree.”（改简单句） The boy asked his teacher __________ water _________ at zero degree or not. 4.There was a beauty salon in this neighborhood.（同意） There _______ ________ be a beauty salon in this neighborhood. 5.Santo Claus hid the presents in the long stockings on Christmas Eve.(改被动) The presents _______ ________ in the long stockings on Christmas Eve. 6.John visited Shanghai Museum yesterday.( 对划线部分提问 ) ___________ did John visit yesterday? 7.Martin was a taxi driver five yeas ago?( 对划线部分提问 ) ___________ was Martin five years ago? 8.Jack bought five fish in the market.( 对划线部分提问 ) _______ _______ fish did Jack buy in the market? 9.The African Ghost Fish disappeared in a blink of an eye.( 对划线部分提问 ) _______ _______ did the African Ghost Fish disappear? 10. I met Michael at the underground station the other day.(对划线部分提问 ) _______ did you ________ at the underground station the other day? 11.Tom jumped 1.3 meters at the sports meeting.( 对划线部分提问 ) _______ ________ did Tom jump at the sports meeting? 12. Mark Twain’s funny story made everyone in the room laugh. (改被动) Everyone in the room ______ _______ _______ ______ by Mark Twain’s funny story. 1. She was a heavy smoker, but she has given up smoking now.(同意) She ________ _______ smokes. 1. apologized to 2.a bit 3.whether, freezes 4. used to 5. were hidden 6.What 7.What 8. How many 9.How fast 10.Whom, meet 11.How far 12. was made to laugh 13.no longer 【学法提炼】 (一)了解改写句子出题方式，注意容易出错点。 (二)积累短语与词组。 (三)检查：大些写、单复数、时态、拼写等。 【课后练习】 Rewrite the sentences as required（按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词）（共14分） 　　62. Peter left Shanghai for London to further his study last year. (改为否定句) 　　Peter ________ ________ Shanghai for London to further his study last year. 　　63. It’s about 3050 kilometres from Shanghai to Bangkok. (对划线部分提问) 　　________ ________ is it from Shanghai to Bangkok? 　　64. My sister isn’t old enough to take care of herself. (保持句意基本不变） 　　My sister is ________ ________ to take care of herself. 　　65. The song “California girls” is very popular among the students. (改为感叹句) 　　________ ________ the song “California girls” is among the students! 　　66. I can’t decide which seat to take. (保持句意基本不变） I can’t decide which seat ________ ________ take. 67. “She has promised to attend the party.” Tom said. (保持句意基本不变) 　　Tom said that she ________ ________ to attend the party. 68. down you mind the music would turning (连词成句) Keys: 62. didn’t leave   63. How far  64.too young   65. How popular   66. I should 　　67.had promised Rewrite the following sentences as required(根据所给要求，改写下列句子。每空格限填一词)（共14分） 1. We have already swept the classroom.(改为一般疑问句) you swept the classroom ? 1. Let her visit the underwater hotel instead of you.(改为反意疑问句) Let her visit the underwater hotel instead of you, ? 1. Be careful, or you will make the same mistake again.(保持原句意思) you careful, you will make the same mistake again. 1. Who wrote the business letters?(改被动语态) Whom the business letters by? 1. Will you take part in our English evening? Mr. Anderson asked me.(合并为一句) Mr. Anderson asked me I take part in their English evening or not. 1. The poor child was so lucky that she got many books from project Hope.(保持句意不变) The poor child was to get many books from Project Hope. 60. her house, help, clean, the old lady, once a week, The students(连词成句) Keys: 54. Have yet 55.will you 56. Unless are 57.were written 58.whether would 59.luck enough 60. The students help the old lady clean the house once a week. Rewrite the following sentences as required (根据所给要求，改写下列句子。每空格限填一词)：（共14分） 67. Peter’s spoken English is quite fluent! (改为感叹句) _________ _________ English Peter speaks! 68. Neither John nor Susan has ever been to the Great Wall. (反义疑问句) Neither John nor Susan has ever been to the Great Wall, _________ _________? 69. “Please give me a hand.” She begged me. (改为同义句) She begged me to _________ __________ a favor. 70. He always wore his shoes out. (改为被动语态) His shoes _________ always _________ out. 71. After several hours’ medical treatment, the patient came to life. (保持原句意思) After several hours’ medical treatment, the patient _________ _________. 72. My son asked me “Does water freeze at 0°C or not? ” My son asked me ________ water ________ at 0°C or not. 73. The writer should make the story move fast to keep the reader interested. (对划线部分提问) _________ should the writer make the story move fast ________? Keys: 1. What, fluent 68.have they 69.do her 70.were, worn 71.woke up 72.whether, freezes 73.What, for 课后巩固 1．Nowadays, many people continue their studies after they begin to work. (保持句意不变) Nowadays, many people_____ ______ with their studies after they begin to work. 2．It’s a good tradition of people to look after the old well. (保持句意不变) It’s a good tradition of people to______ ______ the old well. 3．Mr. Smith made up his mind to take a cruise trip(邮轮)to Europe with his wife this summer. (保持句意基本不变) Mr. Smith______ ______take a cruise trip to Europe with his wife this summer 4．These kids had a wonderful time during the three-day winter camp. (保持句意基本不变) These kids______ ______during the three-day winter camp. 5．Students abroad should take good care of themselves when they are in foreign countries. (保持原句意思) Students abroad should ______ _______ themselves when they are in foreign countries. 6．After years, his dream of building an eco-system(生态系统) for the community finally realized.(保持句意基本不变) After years, his dream of building an eco-system for the community finally ______ ______ . 7．Mark returned to his country after he finished university abroad.(保持句意基本不变) Mark ______ ______ to his country after he finished university abroad. 8．These chemicals can be harmful to animal life. (保持原句意思) These chemicals can do _______ _______ animal life. 9．Do you agree with them about their arrangement for the outing? (保持句意基本不变） Are you ______ ______ of their arrangement for the outing?. 10．Someone tried to enter our house by force while we were away.(保持句意基本不变) Someone tried to______ ______our house while we were away. 11．The computer is made up of many different parts. (保持句意基本不变) The computer______ _______ many different parts. 12．I didn’t copy the papers because something was wrong with the printer.(保持句意基本不变) I didn’t copy the papers because the printer______ ______. 13．My friend Peter looked after my pet dog while I was on holiday last month. (保持句意不变) My friend Peter______ ______ my pet dog while I was on holiday last month. 14．During the test, our teacher stopped us from talking with each other. (保持句意基本不变) Our teacher didn’t ______ us ______ talk with each other during the test. 15．It’s necessary for us to review what we have just learned in time. (保持句意基本不变） It’s necessary for us to _____ _____ what we have just learned in time. 16．The team was unable to reach the top of the mountain before dark. (保持句意基本不变) The team______ ______reach the top of the mountain before dark. 17．The singer not only writes his own song but also plays the guitar. (保持句意基本不变) The singer not only writes his own song and plays the guitar ______ ______. 18．Follow these instructions and you won’t make a mistake. (保持句意基本不变) Follow these instructions and you won’t _______ ________ . 19．I didn't copy the papers because something was wrong with the printer. (改为句意基本相同) I didn’t copy the papers because the printer______ ______. 20．The old piano in my family was my grandpa’s.(保持句意基本不变) The old piano in my family______ ______my grandpa. 21．Excuse me, I' d like to make a complaint about this palmtop computer. (保持原句意思) Excuse me, I'd like to______ ______this palmtop computer. 22．The weather affected our plans. (保持句意基本不变) The weather had an______ ______our plans. 23．Don’t forget to say sorry to others when you do something wrong. (保持句意基本不变) Don’t forget to ______ ______others when you do something wrong. 24．She was reviewing her lesson in her bedroom from seven to nine yesterday.（保持句意基本不变） She was _______ _______ her lesson in her bedroom from seven to nine yesterday. 25．Children shouldn’t eat too much sugar because it is bad for their teeth. (保持原句意思) Children shouldn’t eat too much sugar because it is ______ ________ their teeth. 26．Thomas does exercise every day so that he can keep fit. (保持句意基本不变) Thomas does exercise every day ______ ______ to keep fit. 27．My husband has begun to spend time jogging because he was too fat.(保持句意基本不变) My husband has______ ______ jogging because he was too fat. 28．My dinner was made up of some fish, potatoes and fruit salad. (保持句意基本不变) My dinner______ ______some fish, potatoes and fruit salad. 29．As it is said by Joyce, the link method is a basic way of improving our memory. (保持句意基本不变) ______ ______ Joyce, the link method is a basic way of improving our memory. 30．Visitors showed great interest in the Steam Courses in our school. (保持句意不变) Visitors were ______ _______ the Steam Courses in our school. - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 词形转换专题 【题型介绍】 词形转换主要考查数词、代词、名词、动词、形容词、副词；题量为8道，分值8分。 词形转换题的考査内容既有比较简单的单词变化，又有对知识的综合运用。这些变化主要包括:括号内所给单词的词性不变，根据句意，仅在词形上作适当的变化，然后填入空白处。如: 名词 复数、（单数或复数的）名词所有格 形容词 比较级、最高级 副词 比较级、最高级 人称代词主格 宾格、物主代词、反身代词 基数词 序数词 动词原形 动词-ing形式、过去式、过去分词 另一种是根据句意，对括号内所给单词作词性转换，如: 名词 动词、形容词、副词 形容词 副词、动词、名词 副词 形容词、动词、名词 动词 名词、形容词、副词 【专题精讲】 (一）数词 基数词和序数词的转换，注意拼写。 (基本规律：基数词+th=序数词) 常考题： 1.This is my __________ time for me to further my English study in America. (two) 2.That's where water comes from in the ____________ place. (one) 3.She visits us ______a week.（two) 1.second 表示第二次 2.first 在第一个地方 3.twice 一周两次 分析：当空格后为可数名词单数时，常用序数词。 易错题： 一些数词变化时的拼写：four--forty nine-ninth twelve-twelfth twenty-twentieth 1. Mr Green is in his ______(four). His eldest son is 15 years old 1. Beethoven's N______ Symphony is a glorious piece of music.(nine) 1. He died of illness at the age of f_____. (fortieth) 4.Kodak, ______a extremely successful company, disappeared from public’s sight completely.(one) 1.forties in one’s forties 在某人40多岁时。此题不要做得太快，注意分析句意。 2.Ninth 注意大些，及ninth的拼写。 3.forty at the age of forty 在某人40岁时（刚好40）。 4.once “曾经”。此题也很容易错，很多学生未想到这一层。 (二）名词 注意名词的数 以o结尾名词变复数：有生命---+es (heroes/tomatoes...) 无生命---+s (radios/photos...) 双元音结尾----+s (kangaroos...) interest：[U]趣味，兴趣;[C]爱好 eg. She has _________in science. She has some ___________, such as shopping, dancing and running. 答案分别是 interest 和 interests 【归纳】动词--->名词 1 V.+ment 结尾 amuse----> amusement 娱乐 develop------> development 发展 argue---->argument 争吵 2 V. + tion 结尾 attract ----> attraction collect--->collection locate ---> location operate--->operation organize--->organization pollute---> pollution solve----> solution 3 V. + sion 结尾 conclude-----> conclusion 结论 discuss ----> discussion decide ----> decision 决定(高频考点) impress---> impression 4 V. + ing 结尾 begin---> beginning 开端 mean----> meaning 意义 say----> saying 谚语 paint ----> painting 油画，水彩画 5 V. + 其他 choose--->choice(s) 选择 examine ---->exam 检查,考试 fly----> flight 航班 know----> knowledge 知识 mix--->mixture produce---->product 产品 serve---> service 服务(不可数) sit----> seat 座位 speak ---> speech 演讲 succeed ---->success 成功 形容词--->名词 important ---->importance, confident ----->confidence good—goodness, happy-happiness, safe---->safety (包括记忆动词 save, 副词 safely) 名词--->名词 名词后缀补充: -ist ( 人, 名词后缀): science--scientist, terror--terrorist -ese( 民族,语言,名词后缀): China--Chinese, Japan--Japanese 一些易错词汇变形： argue---argument; able-ability; explain--explanation；grow—growth；describe-description等。 different+可数名词复数。 常考题： 1. Because of the heavy traffic jam, I missed the __________of the film. (begin) 2. It is necessary for everyone to brush his ________ after each meal. (tooth) 3. We received Peter's _______and went to his birthday party happily. (invite) 4. _______ were limited to 15 minutes each.（speak) 5. David went to Canada several yeas ago. Now he is a _____.(city) 6. It must be your best _______to study abroad to improve your spoken English. (choose) 1.beginning at the beginning of ... 在.....开始/开端。注意beginning双写辅音。 2.teeth 牙齿的复数形式。 3.invitation 我们收到Peter’s 的邀请信。（注意invitation的拼写） 4.Speeches 此题注意复数形式，主谓保持一致。 5.citizen 现在他是一名市民。 6.choice ......是你最好的选择。 易错题： 1. I have no ________for what happened.(explain) 2.There are two immediate responses to this _______.(complain) 3.The two trees are about the same _______.(high) 4.Saga provides a _______of products and services aimed at people aged 50 and over.(vary) 5.Here is your guide to seeking out a bit of rest and _______ in Bali.(relaxed) 6.I am truly sorry this happened, and I apologize for the ________. (convenient) 1. explanation no+n. 注意单词拼写。 2. complaint this+n. 注意单词拼写. 而且complaint是可数n. 3. height the same+n. Height的拼写。 4.variety a variety of... 各种各样的。 5.relaxation a bit +n. 注意词形及拼写 6.inconvenience 注意理解，需要变为反义词。 (三）形容词 形容词注意比较级、最高级、反义词。 one of 后接形容词一般用最高级 前后有比较用比较级 much, still, even, far 是常见修饰比较级的单词。 【归纳】 动词--->形容词： frighten--->frightening(物)/ frightened( 人) widen ---> wide enrich --->rich thank--->thankful 对......感激, forget---> forgetful 健忘的 attract(s)---> attractive 迷人的 change--->changeable 多变的 tradition --->traditional 传统的 名词--->形容词： 1 N.+y 结尾 anger---->angry 生气的, salt ----> salty 咸的, noise---->noisy (去 e 加 y)吵闹的 2 N.+ful/less 结尾 care---> careful/careless, home----> homeless 无家可归的 use---> useful/useless 有用的/无用的 3 N.+ ing/ed 结尾 interest---->interesting/interested 令人有趣的/感到有趣的 4 N+-ish 结尾 fool----> foolish, 5 N+al结尾 freind---->friendly, love-lovely 6 特例： history ---> historical chemistry--->chemical 常考题： 1. Australia has______ people than china does. (few) 2. Nowadays blogs are much more useful than _______diaries. (tradition) 3. It’s not safe to give out your _______information to your strange net friends. (person) 4. Joe is a __________ man. He seldom makes a mistake in doing anything, (care) 5. It’s _______ for you to feel nervous when you have an important exam. (nature) 1.fewer 注意句中的than, 要使用比较级。 2.traditional 传统的 3.personal 私人/个人 4.careful 根据句意“很少犯错”，他是个“careful man”. 5.natural 参加一场重要考试，自然很紧张。 易错题： 1. It’s ____ for us to cross the road when the traffic light is red. (safety) 2. Shanghai is the ______city I have ever lived . (noise) 3. It was_______of the boy to pretend that the penknife was his own. (honest) 4. It was ______for such a little girl to solve this hard problem in ten minutes. (usual) 5.All these new tools make it______than ever to ensure code quality.(easy) 1.unsafe 红灯时，过马路自是“不安全”。注意反义词。 2.noisiest the+最高级+n I have ever done . 注意最高级。 3.dishonest 根据句意，他假装那把卷笔刀是他的，所以不诚实。同时注意honest名词----honesty. 4.unusual 这么小的女孩能在10分钟内做出这么难的问题是“unusual” 5.easier make sth+adj, 再结合“than ever”，答案是easier。 (四）副词 形容词(adj.)→副词(adv.) 【归纳】 ▲一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词（ quick—quickly；slow—slowly等） 高频词：mainly, generally, clearly, finally，recently, seriously, widely, securely 但是,以下几点值得注意： (a) 一些以"辅音字母+y"结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-ly 例如: happy—happily, angry—angrily (b)有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-y 例如:possible—possibly, terrible—terribly (c)少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly 例如: true—truly 但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly例如: polite—politely, wide—widely (d)以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时要在词尾加-ly,以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y. 例如: usual—usually, careful—carefully (e) good—well 常考题： 1. It's said that the tall building was__________destroyed in a recent big fire. (complete) 2. Susan is__________ sorry for what she has done. ( terrible ) 3. We haven’t heard from Chen Xing_______ .Is she used to the life in UK? (recent) 4. The servant answered the phone _______. (polite) 1.completely adv+v完全摧毁 2.terribly adv+adj非常抱歉。terribly 此处是“非常”，不是“可怕地” 3.recently adv+句子。 4.politelyadv+v. 礼貌地接电话。 易错题： 1."You miss your father, don't you?" the mother asked __________. (gentle) 2.And we have done a research of our market. I think we would broad the market_______.(succeed) 1.gentlyadv+v. 注意gentle去e. 2.successfully adv+v, 注意单词的拼写。 (五）代词 (a)代词，注意反身代词的运用。 (1)反身代词 注意主语和所填单词是否一致。 He looked at __________ in the mirror.(he) 应填 himself 而不是 him。 (2)yourself---yourselves (注意单复数） (b) a friend of one’s 常考题： 1. If anyone phones me, ask for ____ number so that I can call them back.(they) 2. As middle school students, we should know how to look after________. (us) 3. Nobody taught the twins how to play basketball, they learned it by ___________. (they) 4.Linda is using my computer, ___________ is broken, (she) 1.their 他们的号码。 2.ourselves 照顾我们自己。 3. themselves by +oneself。 4.hers 她的已经坏了。 易错题： 1. Tom __________ went to the railway station to meet his uncle yesterday. (he) 1. Some friends of________will come to our Christmas Party tonight.(we) 1. “Enjoy _______ in Maldives,” The mother said to her twins. (you) 1.himself Tom自己。类似的有I myself等 2.ours a friend of mine 同类考点。 3.yourselves 注意是“twins”。 (六）动词 注意过去式或过去分词的拼写。 如：write-wrote-written break-broke-broken 等 注意 re-开头动词，如 rewrite/rebuild/review/recycle/reuse eg. __________ paper helps reduce pollution.(use) 应填 Reusing 而不是 Using。 【归纳】形容词--->动词 -ize: real--->realize -en: quick--->quicken, sharp--->sharpen ,wide---> widen 注意反义词、时态、三单。 易混淆词汇如frighten。 常考题： 1.It is predicted that Japan can hardly_______as many cars this year as last year .(product) 2.The English Channel _______ (able) you to travel by train from France to Britain. 3.Charlie was clever enough to ________ John's life. (safety) 1.produce product n.产品；produce v生产; production n.生产 2.enables enable sb to do sth. 3.save save one’s life. 易错题： 1.Our class teacher often __________ how we should fill in the form. (explanation) 2.We all ____________ to go to the zoo tomorrow because it will rain heavily.(agree) 3.Tom went to Australia in order to ___________ his study. (far) 4..A lot of fish ___________when the lake is polluted. (appear) 1.explains 注意单词拼写。 2.disagree 根据句意需要用反义词。 3.further further one’s study . further v 进修；adj更进一步。 4.disappear 此题注意时态。很多学生只看到polluted, 答案写成disappeared. （七）意思取反(常考!!)： honest --->dishonest possible--->impossible healthy---->unhealthy usual---->unusual appear ---> disappear （八)转化词：转化词是指由一种词类转用作另一种词类的词。 例如：hand(n .)手， hand(v .)传递， dry(adj .)干燥的， dry(v .) 烘干 难点及常见错误分析 （1） 思维定势 例如：①I hate doing one thing ________ (two) ②My father will retire in his ________( fifty) ③It is _______ for a 5-year-old boy to dress himself. (possibly) ④As we all know, July 4 is America's ________ Day. (depend) （2） 一词多性 2 Lucy must work________ to support her poor family. (hard) ②We'd better start ________ tomorrow in order not to miss the ________ bus. (early) 3 Smoking does great ______ to our health. (harm) 4 The rice is so hard. Please ________ it. (heat) （ (3）谨慎思考 ①How ________ the headmaster is making a speech to the freshmen！ (excite) ②Let life be beautiful like spring flowers and autumn leaves.( die) ③Jack says that painting of ________ is among the best on show in the art gallery. (I) ④My mother often tells me not to send a photo of ________to someone whom I talk with on the Internet. (I) （3） 难度较大 1 Wenchuan earthquake was _________ to our human beings. (destroy) ②Would you please _________ some milk for me , Mom? ( hot) ③Unfortunately, the football_________ under the teacher's desk was finally found by our teacher. (hide) 【专题过关】 (一） 1. To tell you the______ , I don’t like this songs at all. (true) 2. My_____ is over 80 kilograms so I should go on a diet. (weigh) 3. Mobile phones are______used in our life nowadays. (wide) 4. English is the most widely _____language in the world. (use) 5. His failure is________ for him for he seldom does his homework by himself. (usually) 6. It is______ for him to fail in the English test. He always gets good marks for all subjects. (usual) 7.Teacher Wang asked us______ pen this was. (who) 8. I think Li Ming will be the_______ of the table tennis match. (win) 9. Millions of ________come to visit the Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower every day. (visit) 10. When I entered Mr. Smith’s office, he was _________ a newspaper carefully. (reader) Keys: 1. truth 2. weight 3. widely 4. used 5. usual 6. unusual 7. whose 8. winner 9. visitors 10. reading (二) 1. This reading book is very______ for Grade 9 students. (use) 2. Tell me_______ what you think about it. (true) 3. He was so tired that he almost fell __________ in class. (sleep) 4. Many magnificent buildings such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum and so on show the great_______of Chinese people. (wise). 5. Let me _______the parcel for you first. (weight) 6. The traditional culture and customs are different between eastern and _______countries. (west) 7. The young man works as a________ in a five-star hotel. (wait) 8. The ________ happened so suddenly that we failed to see suspect. (rob) 9. Have you get used to________ in your new flat? (alive) 10. One day, when they get home as_______, they found something strange at once. (usual) Keys: 1. useful 2. truly 3. truly 4. asleep 5. wisdom 6. weigh 7. western 8. robbery 9. living 10. usual (三) 1. Computers are______ machine. (use) 2. What do people_______ eat for their Christmas Dinner? (usual) 3. Do you know the ___________ of saving water? (important) 4. What a_______ day it is today! (sun) 5. There is no ________ that he is the thief. (prove) 6. John lives on the _________ floor while Mike lives on the twelfth. (nine) 7. We must stop cutting down trees because they are our pollution __________. (fight) 8. Some _________ visited our factory yesterday. (Germany) 9. Each of the_______ of the game will be given a nice present. (win) 10. If he_______ a few minutes more, he’ll get another good chance. (waiter) Keys: 1. useful 2. usually 3. importance 4. sunny 5. proof 6. ninth7. fighters 8. Germans 9.winners 10. waits 【学法提炼】 (一)确定词性 (二)分析句意，是否是反义词。 (三)检查：大些写、单复数、时态、拼写等。 【课后作业】 Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)：(共8分) 54. In autumn the road is always covered with fallen________. (leaf) 55. Tom, you are no longer a little boy. You should learn to be ________. (depend) 56. Join us, and you’ll find learning English can be ________ and wonderful. (enjoy) 57. The government is going to ________ the road this coming summer. (wide) 58. -- Alice, which is the ________ day of a week? (five)  --Thursday, I think. 59. Bali is a beautiful place. It attracts a lot of ________ every year. (tour) 60. Jacky does exercise twice a day and he looks much ________ than before. (health) 61. The girl looked ________ at her new dress. (happy) Keys 54. leaves   55. independent   56. enjoyable   57.widen   58. fifth    59. tourists 　　60. healthier   61. Happily Complete the sentences with the given word in their proper forms(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共8分） 1. In my class, about two ______of the students are girls. (five) 1. Some children like sharing secrets with close friends while others prefer to keep secrets to______(they). 1. In the university, students may use __________calculators in Maths exams. (electricity) 1. Every ________will be benefit from the good environment of the city. (city) 1. At night, a light is ______on the wall so that people can see everything clearly. (hang) 1. The cat is really________ (fright) by the strange sound. 1. Go ahead, then_______ you’ll find Shanghai Middle School. (straight) 61.The guide has collected all the________(visit) ID cards. Keys 54.fifth 55.themselves 56.electronic 57.citizen 58.hung 59.frightened 60.straight 61.visitors Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词)：（8分） 59. This method of controlling your dogs proves _______, so try another way. (affect) 60. Examination for the GCSE are taken after about five years of _______ education. (second) 61. One of my friend’s children know 30 different _______ of birds before she was four. (vary) 62. We are all _______ of the cultural influences of our societies. (produce) 63. The local guide showed them around some famous _______ spots in that area. (scenery) 64. My mother never lets me leave my homework _______ unless I am sick. (finish) 65. But on second _______, I considered it better to remain silent on that deed. (think) 66. A student of the _______ has sent him a Christmas card from Canada. (professional ) Keys: 1. ineffective 60.secondary 61.varieties 62.products 63.scenic 1. .unfinished 65thoughts 66.professor’s III. Word transformation. (1%×9) 1. Lily just hopes to live________ in a quiet village after her retirement. (peace) 1. I lost my ________and fell asleep. (concentrate) 1. It is really ________that there is no hot water. (annoyance) 1. The burglar________ in breaking into that house. (successful) 1. You’ll be introduced to two of our school________ at the meeting.(represent) 1. Fans of electric cars say they are clean, quiet and_________ .(economy) 1. Thinking back, I don’t know how I had the . (encourage) 1. He later________ for his behavior. (apology) 1. She would like to be_______ _independent. (finance) keys 1. peacefully 2. concentration 3. annoying 4. succeeded 5. representatives 6. economical 7. courage 8. apologized 9. financially - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 初中英语阅读专题之回答问题 总述 “阅读理解”的一种形式，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括能力。题目难度介于阅读理解和写作之间,要求学生在看懂文章的基础上给出的问题答案。要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的能力，并且能够根据所给题目准确找出解题依据，给出答案，注意细节。文体主要还是以记叙文为主，其他文体为辅。其中，问题类型的设置也是比较固定的。 答题技巧 一、解题技巧： 读懂问题--通读全文--信息定位--准确表达--避免答非所问 1. 通读全文： 做简答题的关键是要读懂原文，因此首先要通读全文、弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度，正确理解语境。 2. 按题查读，即根据问题去寻找答案： 认真阅读问题，充分理解问题，准确理解所问的内容，确定需要在文章中查找的对象，避免答非所问，注意以材料为本。无论是单词、词组、句子，还是人、物、时间、地点、原因等，都要根据文章类型准确填写。 3. 简练作答： 在基本确定了每道题的回答内容之后，就要用简练、准确 的英语表达出来。注意回答问时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。组织答案时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等，考试时最常见的错误就是时态语态用错，如需引用原文，要作适当改动，最好不要整句照搬灵活运用同义词语的替换和各种句型的不同表达。 （对于开放性问题的回答，应根据文章提供的素材，根据全文大意、中心思想和作者的情感、立场展开合理的想象） 4. 认真核查： 完成所填的答案以后，再将原短文和补全后的短文或句子放在一起,审读一遍，上下对比参照，逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节，是否答非所问，是否仍存在语法、词汇拼写 等错误，另外还有一点也要注意：如果对字数有要求, 是否符合要求。 Tips： 1.在对待生词的处理上，要一分为二地看待。有些不影响理解的生词（如地名，人名）可直接忽视掉。有些生词前后会出现破折号、冒号或者出现that is to say 或者that means等词时，其实就是解释说明的作用。可以注意推测出词意； 2.态度要端正，目前每年的篇幅都是呈上升的趋势，所以学生要有心理准备，务必要把握好做阅读题的节奏。 答题规范 四种疑问句组成具体形式如下： ◆一般疑问句 例如：Did Helen help Sahra to learn English? ◆特殊疑问句（what, how, when, where, why提问） Where was the missing college student found? Why do some experts worry most about young people? How can Internet addicts solve their problem? What might be the title of this passage?(In no more than TEN words) ◆反意疑问句：前否后肯，前肯后否，看作一般疑问句，根据实际情况回答。 ◆选择疑问句（避免Yes/No,选择性回答，也可以全部肯定或者否定）例如： Does Mary read space news or business news? ◆最后一题开放型提问，要注意避免使用good, bad, great过于笼统的词汇。要根据文字进行一些更加详细的回答信息。（3分：idea+reason） 例如： 105. What can you learn from Helen? 参考答案：I learn that the most rewarding(有益的) part of volunteer work is making friends. Besides they enrich each other’s life.(Any reasonable answer is OK.) 答案形式要符合提问方式： 针对不同的提问形式，需要注意下列问题： what提问 使用名词、to do、doing、句子等回答 why提问 使用Because, for, since, as, in order to等形式回答 when提问 使用介词+时间，如：In 1948./On September 19, 2004 where提问 使用介词+地点，如In the park how提问 使用形容词、副词、by doing、with……等方式状语 How long提问 使用For+时间段, since+时间点或者句子，如：For two years 注：如果动词是take、spend时，时间段是动词的宾语，这时不需要介词。 How far提问 使用Five minutes’ walk；It’s about 20 kilometers等等 反意疑问句 按事实回答，其中陈述部分为否定的反意疑问句回答是易错点 选择疑问句 注意不要yes和no来回答，直接进行选择，也可以全部否定或者肯定 一般疑问句 注意应将简单回答书写完整（分步给分） 开放式问题 使用I think he/she …/We need to be …/I can learn … from him/her 【回答问题注意】 1） 用How提问，回答要以by开头 A. How did the judge solve the student’s problem? B. (The judge solved the problem) By making the restaurant owner hear the sound of the falling coins. 2) 用where/when提问， 要以介词in/ on/ at或其他表示地点、时间的介词作为开头 A. Where did the student live? B. In a small room near a restaurant A When did Eppie Lederer begin to write an advice column for the Chicago Sun Times? B In 1955. (or: After she won a contest.) 3) 用how many提问，要注意数字前是否有限定词more than/ at least/about等。 A How many readers do the two columns have? B Nearly 200 million readers (around the world). 4） 用why提问，要以because (of) 开头回答, 或者以To do开头回答。 A Why did the student feel afraid? B Because the judge said he was wrong / he had only a few coins/ he had no money. A． Why did Lederer ask her readers to write letters to The U.S. Congress? B. To make them pass the law. 5）用whom提问，要以介词with/by等回答。 A．Whom did Sam live with in the Wild Catskill Mountains? B． He lived with himself. 6）How long提问时要注意区分在现在完成时态中要用for+一段时间（since+时间点）开头回答，其他则直接回答。 A How long have you stayed in Shanghai? B. For 3 years. A. How long did it take you to go to school by bus? B. 3 hours. 7) 注意回答时态： A． How was the food in the restaurant? B． The food was delicious/good. 8）反义疑问句： Example 1. Both Eppie Lederer and Pauline Phillip love their jobs, don’t they? 步骤： A. 去掉反义部分（即don’t they） B. 把前半部分的陈述句改为疑问句，即 Do both Eppei Lederer and Pauline Phillip love their jobs? C. 可以正常回答了。 Example 2 The student wasn’t happy living in the small room, was he? 步骤：A. 去掉反义部分（即was they） B. 把前半部分的否定句改为肯定句，即 The student was happy living in the small room. C. 再把肯定句改为疑问句，即Was the student happy living in the small room D. 可以正常回答了。 9）选择疑问句： Based on her speaking, how do we stay young, to laugh or to cry? 回答时，不以yes/no开头，直接选择其中一项回答， 即 We stay young to laugh. 10） 主观题： 要以文章中心思想为基础，通常看文章最后一段的意思，再用自己话概述 A． As a teenager, will you run away from home? Why? B Because this was just the kind of forest he always dreamed about 常见陷阱： 陷阱1 题目的时态和文章的时态不一致 The audience went crazy; suddenly everyone was cheering and shouting, like people do when they’ve just heard great music. 104.What do people usually do when they’ve just heard great music? They _________________________when they’ve just heard great music. 学生回答：was cheering and shouting. 正确答案：cheer and shout. His hands were so cold that Amelia could not help holding them. She said, "What’s up?" "My mom is sick and too weak to get up. Her birthday is coming. 102. How was Jack’s mother? 学生回答：She is sick and too weak to get up. 正确答案：She was sick and too weak to get up. 陷阱二 When, how long，how，where 等疑问副词提问 When=介词+时间 How long= for+一段时间（spend，take的宾语除外） How= by+ doing/adj./by+交通方式 Where=介词+地点 "For the past ten years we haven't had much free time to do other things. I certainly haven't had much free time to keep my own hair color, or lie in the sun, or do anything with only a little danger like skiing. It was nice to go on holiday and not have to make up on the SPF50 and sit under an umbrella with three caps on," Tom said. 94. How long has Tom Felton spent filming Harry Potter? 学生回答： For ten years. 正确答案：Nearly ten years. The idea of eating chocolate didn't begin until the 19th century. Before that people drank chocolate. 99. When did the idea of eating chocolate begin? （ It began________________. 学生回答：until the 19th century. 正确答案：in 19th century. 陷阱三 概括类型 The convenience of indoor climbing is one reason why it has become so popular. But the main reason people climb is for rush(刺激感) they get 95. What are the reasons that make the indoor climbing so popular? 学生回答：照抄原文。 正确答案：One is the convenience of indoor climbing, the other is the rush they get from the climbing. The year 2010 is the Expo year which has attracted worldwide attention. As a young volunteer, Alice got her experience by working at a city service station. 105. In your opinion, what personality must a good volunteer have? 学生回答：Friendly and patience. 正确答案：Patience, kindness and love. 陷阱四 反意疑问句-前否后肯 He made himself comfortable, thought for some minutes until there was complete silence, and then he started to play music that was at first empty and dangerous, but that soon became loud and painful, like the worst thing you’ve ever heard. 100. The cellist didn’t start to play immediately after he sat down, did he? ____________________________ 技巧：回答前否后肯时，yes---的中文意思是不 no—的中文意思是是的 例2 His hands were so cold that Amelia could not help holding them. She said, "What’s up?" "My mom is sick and too weak to get up. Her birthday is coming. I know my father’s coming back would be the best present. We really love him, and need him." "So what’s his name? What does he do?" Amelia asked. He said, "I’ve no idea. My mama said he had left us before I was two years old." 103. Jack had no memory of his father, did he? 学生回答：Yes, he did. 正确答案：No, he didn't. 陷阱五 审题错误 When the school day ends, some students go home, but many still stay at school for after-school activities. There are many activities and clubs to choose . With the headmaster’s agreement, students can start any kind of club that is educational and fun! 101. Are after-school activities and clubs only for a few good students or for many students? 学生回答：yes. they are. （误把选择疑问句当做一般疑问句） 正确答案：for many students. 以上是阅读回答问题解题的理论知识，理论结合实际才是无敌的。所以在理论思想指导下的大量练习才是提高阅读回答问题根本能力的根本方法。 Answer the questions (根据短文内容回答下列问题)： I lost my childhood to Harry Potter. --Tom Felton After nearly ten years, the Harry Potter bandwagon (热潮) is going to end. And for the young stars who have spent half their lives filming the movie, the pain of saying goodbye could not be greater. But there are several things Tom Felton---also known as Harry's school nemesis (复仇者) Draco Malfoy --- is looking forward to. And from the moment you see him, it is clear why. "For the past ten years we haven't had much free time to do other things. I certainly haven't had much free time to keep my own hair color, or lie in the sun, or do anything with only a little danger like skiing. It was nice to go on holiday and not have to make up on the SPF50 and sit under an umbrella with three caps on," Tom said. For all the fame and wealth that Harry Potter has brought its young stars, there have been plenty of downsides, too. Tom is now 23 but talks like he is ten years older, and his co-stars have been working since they were young children. And while he says he has no regrets about being in the movies, he also says that at the same time he had to grow up fast. "One thing that people keep on saying to me is that the wealth and the fame must have made up fax missing out on my childhood," he says. "But the idea of money ---putting a price on your childhood--- is ridiculous (可笑的). You will never get those years back. Don't you think you can put a price on them?" "And to me, fame is not a positive thing. The idea of being famous is a lot better than the reality." The youngest of four brothers brought up in a middle-class home in Epsom, Surrey, he honestly says that no one in the family knew what to do with all the money he was making. His mother invested some of it in property (不动产) but told him the rest was his to do with what he wanted. 93. Who is Tom Felton known as in the film Harry Potter? 94. How long has Tom Felton spent filming Harry Potter? 95. What couldn't Tom do while he was an actor in a film? 96. Why did Tom think putting a price on his childhood was ridiculous? 97. Tom's mother invested all of his money in property, didn't she? 98. What have you learned from Tom's childhood experience? 93. Harry's school nemesis, Draco Malfoy. 94. For nearly ten years. 95. (He couldn't do things like) keeping his own hair color, (lying in the sun or skiing. ) 96. Because he thought he would never get those years back. 97. No, she didn't. 98. Being famous and rich is not always good. (Any reasonable answer is acceptable.) 【专题精炼】 Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）：（12分） (A) It was very windy when I woke up last Tuesday morning. As soon as I set off for the airport, it began to rain heavily. What a great way to start a holiday! While I was driving to the airport, the storm got worse. Suddenly, a huge flash of lightning struck a tree. It came straight down just metres in front of my car.The fallen tree completely blocked(堵塞) the road, so I was stuck. I tried to call for help on my mobile, but the line was dead. I was sure that I’d miss my plane, so I turned on the radio and tried to get used to the idea. Soon there was a loud knock at the window. To my surprise it was a young man in leather clothes. "Need a ride? He asked. My plane was leaving in an hour so I didn’t think twice. I took my bags, climbed carefully onto the motorcycle and shouted. "To the airport please!" It was my first time on a motorcycle so I was badly frightened. The young man drove so fast that I kept my eyes shut all the way. Suddenly, the motorcycle came to a stop. “Here we are, sir!” he said. I looked at my watch and there were only ten minutes left. I was just in time for my flight. The young man wished me a nice trip, then quickly drove away. 104. What was the weather like when the writer woke up last Tuesday morning? _____________________________________________________________ 105. What did the writer do first after the fallen tree blocked the road? _____________________________________________________________ 106. The writer thought he would miss his plane before the young man appeared, didn’t he? _____________________________________________________________ 107. How did the writer feel when he was riding on the motorcycle? _____________________________________________________________ 108. How long did it take the young man drive the writer to the airport？ _____________________________________________________________ 109. What do you think of the young man? _____________________________________________________________ 注：108题文中没有给出明确具体的时间数字，所以需要学生自己查找细节并判断出正确答案，根据文中划蓝色线的部分可进一步得出，作者在去往机场的路上将近花了50分钟，故答案为About 50 minutes. 109题属于主旨大意题，需要学生对全文进行理解和总结 ，从全文来看，作者在去机场的路上遇到了意外，在十分焦急不知所措的情况下年轻男子主动提供了帮助，一路上骑的很快帮作者及时赶上了飞机，到达目的地后只是说了祝作者旅行愉快便转身离开了，由此可以看出年轻男子的热心和乐于助人，故此题可引导学生想一些表示人的品质的形容词。如：He is warm-hearted./He is helpful.等。 (B) I was very nervous as I waited to interview one of the most successful women of our times: Kathy Howe. I was just a young reporter and she was not only a popular singer but also a famous actress, starring in many movies. As soon as the door opened, however; and her slim figure appeared, I immediately relaxed. She looked great, with her kind brown eyes, her excellent black hair, and her beautiful smile. I looked for bags under her eyes, but there were none. “How do you manage to look so good and live life in the fast lane at the same time?” I asked her. She laughed, and her whole face shone. “It’s tiring to be famous. You have to work hard, be on time, and take care of yourself. Also, you have to go to Hollywood parties, be taken photos for magazines, and give interviews!” As we talked, I found out that Kathy is a very warm and kind person, and that her family is more important to her than being a star. At the same time, she wants to do everything as well as she can, so she can sometimes seem to be hard. When I asked her if she thought of herself as lucky, she didn’t answer immediately. Then she said, “Well, perhaps I’m lucky, but I also work very hard, and being famous had weak points, too. In fact, I’ve missed out on lots of things I really enjoy doing, like spending time with my daughter.” I felt sad when it was time to leave, as Kathy is a wonderful woman. I have never met anyone else who has such a busy life, and still manages to look so beautiful. 104. How did the writer feel before the interview began? 105. What did Kathy Howe look like when she entered? 106. Kathy Howe thinks being famous is tiring, doesn’t she? 107. What does Kathy Howe think of her family? 108. Does Kathy Howe have much time to spend with her daughter? 109. What kind of person do you think Kathy Howe is? 注：此题为主旨大意类题目，需要学生在理解全文的基础上进一步归纳总结，文中多处对 Kathy Howeis进行了描写刻画，虽然她现在已经功成名就，但从作者对她的采访过程中表现出来的是谦 逊和一个普通人的形象，没有高傲，没有炫耀，可以引导学生总结一些形容人品质特点的词 ，如：hard-working,easy-going等。 (C) Kyra Komac, 28 years old, now has 25 furniture stores all over the country . The new store, in London’s Camden High Street , takes her back to where it all started. She tells us about how the business began. When I was little , my mother began selling flowers in Camden Market . She couldn’t leave me at home on my own, so I had to go to the market with her. To begin with, I didn’t have to do anything. I just sat there , and my mum told me jokes and stories so I didn’t get bored. When I got older, I gave my mum a hand and I really enjoyed it. Then one year, my grandma gave me a book for Christmas. It was all about making candles and I loved it. I was 14 , and I didn’t have to go to the market any more because mum could leave me at home on my own. I spent my free time making candles of all shapes and sizes. I made hundreds of them. One day, my mother was ill so I had to go to the market on my own. I decided to take some candles with me and see if I could sell them. They were sold out in twenty minutes! The next week, my mum gave me some money to buy some wax (蜡) to make more candles. They sold out really quickly, too. Nine months later, we decided to stop selling flowers. My mum and I couldn’t make enough candles during the week, so some of my school friends started to help us .I paid them one pound for every candle, and we used to sell them for three or four times that .It was fun and my friends worked with me in the market. At the age of 22, my uncle lent me some money and I opened my first shop in Portobello Road . Since then , I’ve never looked back, even in difficulties. In the first store, we only sold candles, but now we sell everything from designer furniture to paintings. Oh, and candles, of course. 99. How many furniture stores does Kyra Komac have now ? 100. Where did Kyra’s mother sell flowers ? 101. What did Kyra do in her free time when she was fourteen ? 102. Did the candles sell well on the first day in the market ? 103. Who helped Kyra and her mum when they couldn’t make enough candles during the week? 104. How did Kyra’s uncle help her to open her first shop ? He helped her 105. What do you think of this story ? I think 注：104细节题，答案锁定在文中蓝体字部分，开始开店时资金不足，所以通过借来一部分钱得以成功地开第一家店 105主旨大意，需在理解全文的基础上进一步总结，此类题一般是回答得到的启示是什么，并且大多数情况下是积极向上的，肯定的，通过不断努力，最终获得成功，如:Where there is a will, there is a way. (D) Mary Donaldson is worried about her 16-year-old daughter. Sophia. Six months ago. Sophia came back from a party, upset and unhappy. From then on. she thinks of nothing but how to lose weight and become beautiful. She refuses to eat and keeps on doing exercise. Sophia had always been a little heavy, so when he decided to go on a diet, Mary encouraged her. She felt that her daughter would look more attractive if she lost 10 kilograms. However, Sophia has lost over 20 kilograms until now. Her eating and exercising habits are having a harmful effect on her health. She is too thin and is often sick. Her mother is trying to prevent her from going on a diet and losing weight, but Sophia thinks that she is still too heavy and refuses to start eating as usual. Sophia's mind is full of the idea of looking like a model (模特). Every day she goes to a club to do exercise. When she is not there, she spends her time reading magazines like Fashion & Beauty (《时尚与美》). The models in these magazines are very thin and beautiful. Sophia says. "If I look like these models, I will be happy and all the boys will like me" Mary doesn't know how to help her daughter. She feels sorry for having encouraged her at first, because Sophia no longer feels good or pleased with her body. She's afraid that Sophia will never be happy if she keeps comparing herself with the models in the magazines. Mary tries to tell Sophia that true beauty comes from within. Common people are not supposed to look like models. The most ordinary face becomes beautiful when the person behind it is filled with confidence (自信), wisdom and the joy of life. 99. When did Sophia decide to lose weight? _____________________________________________________________________ 100. Besides doing exercise, what else does Sophia do to lose weight? _____________________________________________________________________ 101. How much weight has Sophia lost until now? _____________________________________________________________________ 102. Did Sophia give up going on a diet after she had lost some weight? _____________________________________________________________________ 103. Where does Sophia do exercise every day? ________________________________________________________________________________ 104. Why does Mary feel sorry for having encouraged her daughter to go on a diet at first? _____________________________________________________________________ 105. In your opinion, what is "true beauty"? _______________________________________________________________________________ 注：此题属于开放题，答案合理即可，仁者见仁，智者见智，美也会因人而异，但是无论何时，We shouldn’t judge a person from his look/appearance. (E) 1. Helen Monson has always been interested in helping her community. Her first volunteer experience was for the American Red Cross when she was in high school. When she was a school teacher, she also found time to volunteer. One year, she organized a Super Saturday Fun Day for kids in the community. She also used to volunteer at the Mint Festival every year. One summer, she served food, another year she organized an art programme. 2. After she retired, she started volunteering to help the old. When her father was older, he was not able to see as well as he used to, which made her sad because he had always enjoyed reading. She decided it would be fun to read to elderly people in her community. She also helped one woman write her stories. Ann was almost 100 years old, and Helen wrote down information about her life when she visited her. She put the information in a book and got it published. Ann was very excited to share her life story with her children and her grandchildren. 3. After a hurricane(飓风) destroyed some southern cities, Helen volunteered again for the American Red Cross. She prepared food and answered phones in a care centre. She says, “I have always liked the Red Cross because the organization helps people in need no matter what.” 4. One day, Helen read an article in the newspaper about refugees(难民) who needed to learn English. Now, she meets once a week with Sahra, a 38-year-old woman, from Somalia. Sahra is living and working in a town about 30 minutes’ walk from where Helen lives. They work on reading and writing skills. Helen gave Sahra a camera and asked her to take pictures of her daily life. She developed the pictures, and then asked Sahra questions about them. In the end, they wrote a book together and used the photos in the book. This helped Sahra learn many new words about her everyday life. 5. Helen says, “The most rewarding(有益的) part of volunteer work is becoming friends with the people I help. They enrich my life as well as I enrich theirs.” 99. When was Helen’s first volunteer experience for the American Red Cross? 100. What did Helen do after she retired? 101. Why was Ann excited when her book got published? 102. Where did Helen work when she volunteered again for the American Red Cross? 103. How far is Sahra living and working from Helen’s home? 104. Did Helen help Sahra to learn English? 105. What can you learn from Helen? 注：101、104都属于细节题，要学生通过查找细节进行归纳来确定答案 105是在全文的基础上联系自身，通过作者所做的各种事你学到了什么，即启示，如：We should help with each other in daily life./Helping others can enrich our life.等。 A 104.It was(very) windy. 105.He tried to call /called for help (on his mobile phone). 106.Yes, he did. 107.He felt/was (badly)frightened. 108.(About/Around ) Fifty minutes. 109.(Any reasonable answers are acceptable.) B 104. (He/She felt) Nervous. 105. She looked great (with kind brown eyes, excellent black hair, and beautiful smile). 106. Yes(, she does). 107. (She thinks) It is more important (to her) than being a star. 108. No(, she doesn’t) 109. She is warm/kind/famous… (Any reasonable answer is acceptable.) C 99. 25 (furniture) stores 100. In Camden Market. 101. She made candles of all shapes and sizes. / She spent her free time making candles. 102. Yes, they did. / Yes. 103. Some of Kyra’s school friends (did). 104. By lending her some money. 105. It’s a interesting / encouraging/ inspiring/ successful story. D 99 Six months ago 100 Sophia decides to go on a diet / reuses to ea: 101. She has lost over 20 kilograms until now, 102. No, she didn't. 103. She goes to a club to do exercise everyday. 104 Because Sophia re longer -eels good and pleased with her body 105. True beauty comes from within. E 99. When she was in high school. 100. She started volunteering to help the old. 101. Because she shared her life story with her children and grandchildren. 102. In a care centre或She worked in a care centre. 103. It's about 30 minutes' walk.或About 30 minutes’ walk. 104. Yes, she did. 105. 这是一道开放题，只要“言之有理”即可，如：As a volunteer, we can help others and make friend with them. This also enrich our life.或We should try to help others…… - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题之阅读A篇 【阅读四选一题型介绍】 阅读A篇的四种题型：细节题、词义猜测题、推断题、主旨题，考查的主要内容有以下四个方面： 【四选一的解题技巧】 【技巧点拨】 1. 浅谈阅读理解力培养： 任何一篇阅读都将考查我们三种能力,即：理解能力、信息提取能力及词汇积累量。其中，理解能力最为关键。如何培养理解能力呢﹖首先，必需得看懂句子，理解了每一个句子才能更好地理解文章，因此，分析句子能力的培养至关重要。那么，如何更好的做到对句子的正确理解呢?我们都知道，影响英文句子理解的不外乎有两种可能：( 1、句子结构看不懂，无法正确进行组织串联。2、词汇认知问题。)词汇积累需我们平时多下功夫，因此，句子分析能力将会是影响我们理解英文句子的障碍物。在此给出两点有助提高句子分析能力的方法： (1) 熟练掌握五中句子基本结构：（任何一个简单句的存在形式都离不开五种基本结构） 主+谓 主+谓+宾 主+系+表 主+谓+间宾﹢直宾 主+谓+宾+宾补 例：Although safety measures（主语）have been taken（谓语）﹛从句﹜，radiation leaks（主语）(辐射泄漏) have taken place（谓语）and workers（主语）have been killed or affected. （谓语）此长句整体为由although引导的让步状语从句，从句为主语safety measure 加谓语have been taken构成的主谓结构；其中，主句是由and引导的并列句，每个简单句也为主﹢谓的基本结构。 (2) 会用意群分割阅读法（具备独立意义的词、短语或句子）进行句子英文分割和中文整合：（此种方法的运用可以帮助我们更好地理解复杂句与长句。注意在运用过程中，长句需要对连接词特别关注，每一个连接词所连接的句子都为一个独立的简单句，即：在分析过程中也需注意对其基本结构进行定位与分析；理解了每个分句的意思，再进行整个长句的中文意思整合，从而对句子做到很好的理解。）下面以较为简单的句子为例进行意群分割句子理解演练： 例：Within twenty years（二十年内）, they said（他们说）, nuclear（核） would（将） take the place of（代替）coal, gas and oil（煤、汽油和石油）as a source of power（作为能源） at homes and in industry. （在家中和工业领域）其中，绿色划线部分意群为短语构成，蓝色划线部分意群为句子构成，红色划线部分意群为单词构成。通过对每个意群的中文整合可对句子做出翻译，进而得以理解，整句据理解为：他们说，二十年内，核将代替煤、汽油和石油作为一种能源运用于家庭和工业领域。 注意：在句子分析结构中注意对起修饰作用的定语与状语进行区分，重点在把控住基本结构。 2. 阅读过程中学生常见的问题： (1) 对适当语法知识的熟练程度。如果单词记忆量大，但语法的缺弱也不能正确读懂一些较长句子。例如：把I am used to living here 翻译成“我以前经常住在这里”，其意思完全就大相径庭。 (2) 大声阅读不会有助于理解。默读即可节约时间又可便于记忆相关信息。 (3) 眼睛总是逐词移动导致信息丢失。也许很多老师一般都要求学生精读文章，弄清每个词、短语在句中的用法，这固然不错，但不利于对整体文章大意主旨的理解，还影响阅读速度。 (4) 把每个单词，每句话翻译成汉语。学生总是把某一个英语单词与具体的汉字联系起来才能放心。 (5) 遇到新单词总是查词典。这大大影响阅读速度和质量，也错过了通过推测对大脑的训练和激发。 (6) 同一种速度阅读每篇文章。不同的体裁题型应有不同的阅读速度，即使同一篇文章也可选择在不同段落中有不同的速度，做到精读与略读相结合。 (7) 精神不佳，注意力集中不够。在答完听力、语法、完形填空等题型之后，学生有点疲劳，这也影响了阅读质量和效果。 (8) 相关背景知识点的缺陷。阅读理解题是一种对学生综合知识的考查，因此命题范围常常涉及多门学科领域。 3. 阅读过程中常见问题的应对策略： (1) 略读全文，了解主旨大意。略读时要特别注意文章的前段，一般文章的主旨大意就在这里，紧扣这一段的核心可预测后面的讲述内容，有助于对文章全面的理解，也可节约时间。 (2) 带着问题去精读。在要求学生略读之后，应先对题干进行浏览，弄清楚这篇文章主要问什么，有几个方面，然后根据需要返回到短文中寻找相关段落和句子重复再读，这时就需要仔细判断、分析、整理等以便弄清有关事实和细节，主要适用于文章较长或很难无法读懂，但时间又紧迫的情况下，减少处理无关信息的时间，提高做题效率。 (3) 通过找关键词和句子提升阅读速度。时间有限、任务量大的时候可要求学生直接省去略读和精读部分。从题目中的信息提示可直接到原文中找相关的词和句子。 (4) 对不同的阅读材料运用不同的速度和方法。比如表格式阅读和广告文阅读往往题目的设置与一些数字、人物、地点、价格等相关，其余部分都起辅助作用，可采用不同的速度和方法进行细读和略读。 (5) 推测文中的新单词。有些试题会根据文章中出现的某一个新单词要求学生去推测判断其汉语意思，考察学生遇到实际困难的解决能力。我们可以要求学生把出现新单词的这一句仔细阅读。例如：we should reuse water. Use为“利用使用”之意，则可推断 reuse为“再利用”。    (6) 避免汉语翻译。阅读的目的就是获取有价值的信息，而不是逐词逐句的翻译成汉语，避免每个单词、短语、句子呈现于眼前的汉字可减少干扰，提高速度和效果。 (7)带着目的去阅读，更有效果。这里所指的目的就是学生对大意主旨的推测或事实结果的判断。如同我们看一部电影，读一本小说时往往想要知道结局如何，这样学生会对材料更感兴趣，有助于集中精力去读完。 (8) 限时间进行默读。在平常的教学中也许我们很少用这一方法。认为对学生的口语和发音不好，但考堂上不允许放声读，只能是默读。因此弥补这一缺陷在九年级第二学期尤为重要。 (9) 注意不同的文化背景知识。有时候我们会觉察到学生很容易的读完了短文并掌握了大意和事情发展的过程。但在做题时会出错。这就必须弄清不同国家、民族在文化背景下的不同表现行为，往往用本国、本民族的习惯去理解。比如说餐桌礼仪、见面礼节、生活习俗都有很大的差异性。 (10) 鼓励学生在考堂上短暂休息。中考英语中的阅读理解往往在试卷的后半部分，注意力高度集中和大脑不停的思考会导致学生疲倦，精神状态不良。因此鼓励学生在做阅读题之前可短暂休息放松一两分钟。 4.阅读理解方法概述： 单选和回答阅读理解解题思路与技巧 (1) 速览文章、知大意及各信息点分布 (2) 解读题目、定关键词及考题形式（即判断是细节题、推断题还是主旨概括题） (3) 关键词文中定位，找准相关信息点进行句子及段落分析，从而正确解答 注意一般而言出题顺序与文章的排序一致性原则，关注此信息可助我们避免盲目定位关键信息，从而帮助节省时间；此外，回答问题型阅读注意回答的完整性和精确性，做到“答必所问，答无说漏”，关注时态、人称和回答的句式。 1．知识点一：细节事实题 细节理解题属于浅层理解，一般通读短文后能直接找出答题依据。这类问题的命题方式有:“ Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?或“ The author mentions all of the following except________等。回答案这类问题时，要着重理解文章的结构层次及细节，特别要注意数字、日期和时间、同位语、破折号、括号和省略号以及表示附加说明和加强语气的词，也可用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，总之要记住做阅读理解题一定不要无中生有，暗渡陈仓，张冠李戴，以偏概全 解题原则与技巧：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，信息定位是关键，决不能主观臆断。 2．知识点二：词义猜测题 （1）根据定义或解释猜测词义 （2）根据情景和逻辑进行判断 （3）根据同义或反义关系推测词义典例 3．知识点三：推理判断题 ☆解题方法： （1）读懂原文，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识仔细斟酌，作出准确的判断和引申。 （2）了解命题意图，推断题型通常包含细节推断、指代推断、段落推断、全文推断等。 细节推断：针对文章中的某个细节进行推断，可运用扫读的方法在文章中定位相关信息，进而揣测细节所暗示的内容。 指代判断：通过上下文推断文章中某个名词或代词的指代对象。 段落推断：就文中的某个段落内容进行分析，透过表面看实质，推断隐含意义。 全文推断：对作者的观点、态度、写作目的、故事结局等作推断时，要纵览整篇文章，把握句子与句子、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系，要能悟出字里行间隐含的意义，先把握主题思想，再根据某些细节加以推理判断。 解题原则与技巧： 此类题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。 4．知识点四：主旨题——主旨大意归纳 一、考查对整个语段的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段）、作者写作目的等的理解和把握能力，属于深层理解题。要求能灵活运用推断、归纳、推理等方法来分析、提炼段落大意，概括中心思想。主要有以下两种题型： 常见命题形式： 解题方法： （1） 快速有重点地浏览(skimming)全文。从整体上把握文章的结构、逻辑关系、问题的指向等。在快速浏览时，不纠缠文章中与主旨无关的细节(如某些数字或专有名词等)，以保持阅读的连贯性，把注意力集中于主题句的关键词语上，必要时在重要词句下面画线标注。 （2） 选择文章标题时，既要排除过于具体或断章取义、以偏概全的标题，又要排除范围太大、空洞、不着边际的标题，还要警惕以事实、细节替代抽象、概括的大意的情况。 （3） 推断作者写作目的时，要站在作者的立场想问题，切忌将自己的观点强加于作者。当文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如：but, yet, however, although等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息。 （4） 必须看清题目，要求回答的是“全文主旨”还是“段落主旨”；推断的是“作者的观点、意图”还是“别人的观点、意图”。 主旨大意题的解答在做主旨大意题时，不管是哪一种题型，关键的一步是要找出主题句或和主题有关的关键词，从而把握文章的主旨(main idea)。 文章体裁不同也有不同的解题方法： 1）议论、说明体裁的文章 在议论文和说明文中，文章的主题通常出现在首段或末段。第一段的作用通常是给出作者的观点或引出将要介绍的事物，而末段的作用通常是总结全文、重申论点。因此,在阅读议论文和说明文时，对于首段和末段一定要仔细阅读，寻找对全文有提纲挈领或概括结论性的语句，因为那通常就是文章的主题所在。 但有时文章中并不存在明确点明主题的句子，这时可以联系每段的中心句来概括、总结，然后得出主题。因为作者对文章各个段落的安排都是紧紧围绕主题展开的，或者说每段都对主题的展开和深化起到了各自的作用。因此每个段落也是相对的一个小整体，有着各自的中心。而这个中心通常由段落中的一句话表达出来，即段落的主题句(topic sentence)。由此，我们可以看出，文章各段的主题句构成了一篇文章的"骨架"。看清了这个"骨架"的轮廓，弄清了各段与文章主题的关系，不但全文的主旨，即便是隐藏在文字深层的作者的写作目的或意图也会跃然纸上。每段中的主题句可能出现在段首、段尾或是段中，但以出现在段首的情况居多。尽管每段主题句的位置不固定,但寻找起来也并不难。记住主题句是能简洁明了地概括全段的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性的一句话，段内的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或拓展。 2）记叙体裁的文章 记叙文通常按时间先后或事情发展的顺序来叙述。寻找这类文章的主题时也要特别留意首段和末段，因为作者有时会在叙述事件之前或之后流露出自己对它的看法和情感，而这正是解题的关键。还有些情况下，文中没有明确的主题句,即主题隐含在行文之中。必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节进行全面考虑,综合分析。这时要注意表示时间和顺序的词语，以把握事情发展的脉络。还要特别留意那些概括情节和中心的动词，或者反映人物特点的形容词等，这样才能猜测出作者在用词、语气之中流露出的隐含信息。 3）新闻体裁的文章 值得一提的是新闻报道类文章在中考阅读中逐渐增多。一般这类文章都有固定格式：城市名称(或通讯社) ——一句话概括新闻的主要内容,然后是具体的报道。通常第一句是一个较长的句子，交待出主要事件、发生的时间、地点等。如果不是非常有必要交待时间和地点的事情，也至少会在第一句中点出要报道的对象和侧重点。 【专题精讲】 Researchers (研究者) have announced (宣布) the result of two studies on the health effects of the drug aspirin (阿斯匹林). One study shows aspirin can sharply reduce the chance that a healthy, older man will suffer from a heart attack (心脏病). The study offered two new results from earlier findings. It said taking one aspirin pill every other day helped only healthy men over the age of fifty. It also said aspirin gave the greatest protection against heart attacks to men with low blood cholesterol (胆固醇) levels. 　　Earlier in the United States began a major aspirin study in the early 1980s. It included 22,000 healthy men doctors. All were between the ages of forty and eighty-four. More than 11,000 of the doctors took a harmless pill that contained no drug. The men did not know which kind of pill they were taking. 　　The doctors who took aspirin suffered 44% fewer heart attacks than those taking the harmless pill. 139 men who took aspirin suffered from heart attacks. Ten of them died. 239 men who did not take aspirin suffered from heart attacks. Twenty-six of them died. 　　The researchers said the doctors’ study provides clear proof that taking aspirin can prevent a first heart attack in healthy, older men. They said, however, the result does not mean every man over the age of fifty should take aspirin. They said aspirin couldn’t help men who do not eat healthy foods, who smoke cigarettes and who are fat. The researchers said men who think they would be helped by taking aspirin should talk with their doctors first. 　　 1.The passage tells us that the new use of aspirin is ______. A.to treat heart disease B. to reduce pain while one suffers from a heart attack C. to help old people to be more healthy D. to reduce the chance of a heart attack in old men 2.Aspirin can help those who ______. 　　A work as doctors B. are under 40 years old 　　C. are fat and smoke cigarettes D. are older and healthy 3.At last the researchers advised us to take aspirin ______. 　　A. with care B. as much as we like C. every day D. only considering the age 4.From the experiment we can conclude that about _____ of people who suffered from heart attacks without aspirin died. 　　A. 7% B. 11% C. 19% D. 44% 　 【答案与解析】本文介绍了科学家对阿斯匹林的研究成果。实验表明，阿斯匹林可以预防或削弱老年人患心脏病的危险，但实际的效果和服用者的饮食有一定的关系。研究人员说，服用可药品要遵医嘱。 　　1. D。短文首段的末句“…sharply reduce the chance that a healthy, older man will suffer from a heart attack.”即是本题答案的出处. 　　2.D。注意“…reduce the chance that a healthy, older man will suffer from a heart attack .”本句中的healthy, older这两个词，即可得出答案。 　　3.A。文章最后一段是说，尽管的这种新用途对病人很有帮助，但患者在使用时必须格外小心，一定要严遵医嘱。 4. B。根据“239 men who did not take aspirin suffered from heart attacks. Twenty-six of them died.”一句中的239和26这两个数字即可算出。 It seems to be strange to you there is a blind spot (盲点)on the eyes. Here is an interesting experiment (实验) that can make something disappear, when one eye is open. Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it, L on the left and R on the right. First, hold the card about 80 cm away and you see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, you’ll find the letter L disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face, the letter will be seen again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed, you’ll find the letter R disappearing. Why does the letter disappear? It is because there is a blind spot on the eye. When the image (影像) of the letter falls on the blind spot, it won’t be seen. That is why either of the letters disappears. 1.The writer of the passage thinks that _____ there is a blind spot on the eye. 　　A. few people know B. no one knows C. most people know D. all the people know 2. The word “disappear” in the passage means ________ in Chinese. 　　A. 驱散 B. 消散 C. 消失 D. 遗失 3. You fail to see the letter L in the experiment because ___________. 　　A. your eyes are poor B. its image falls on the blind spot 　　D. your left eye is not open C. you move it close to your eye 4. In which order (顺序) should you do the experiment? 　　①Hold the card ②Move the card nearer ③Close your right eye 　　④Write two English letters ⑤Look at the letter R ⑥Make a card 　　A. ④⑥①②③⑤ B. ①③⑥④⑤② C. ⑥①④③②⑤ D. ⑥④①③⑤② 5. The passage mainly (主要) tells us _______. 　　A. how to find the blind spot B. an interesting experiment 　　C. where the blind spot is D. there is blind spot on the eye 　　【答案与解析】这篇科普说明文通过一个简易的小实验，证实了人的眼睛里有一个盲点。当外界物体的影像落在盲点上时，人就看不见该物体了。 　　1.A。仔细品读文章首句的意思，可知答案只能是A。 　　2.C。“…But if you move the card nearer to your face, the letter will be seen again”，由这几个句子的意思可知字母L在眼睛中消失了。注意消失和消散的区别。 　　3.B。答案在“When the image of the letter falls on the blind spot, it won’t be seen.”中。 　　4.D。根据第二段的意思可知，此实验的顺序是：先制作一张卡片—在上面写上两个字母—拿起卡片—闭上右眼—看到字母R—让卡片离眼睛再近些。故答案是D。 　　5.D。通篇考虑短文，可知D为最佳答案。这由文首一句及“…It is because there is a blind spot on the eye.”也可得出。 【专题过关】 Different weather makes people feel different. It influences (影响) health, intelligence (智力) and feelings. 　　In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and every cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March. 　　The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, IQ (智商) of a group students were very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% below. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand (另一方面), can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August). 　　Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18C, people become stronger. 　　Low air pressure (气压) may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. There are a “good weather” for word and health. People feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade (摄氏度). 　　Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weather’s problem. 　 1.____ can have a bad effect (作用) on health. 　A. Hot and wet weather B. Good weather C. Warm weather D. High intelligence 2.People may have more intelligence when _____ comes. 　A. a rain B. very hot weather C. a strong wind D. low air pressure 3.Low air pressure may make people _______. 　　A. forgetful B. sad C. angry D. tired 4.In “good weather” of 18 centigrade, _______. 　　A. people are very forgetful B. people can’t do their work well 　　C. thin people feel cold D. people are in better health 5.The writer wants to tell us that _______. 　　A. hot and cold weather influences all people in the same way 　　B. weather influences people’s lives C.IQ never changes during weather changes 　　D. There is a good kind of weather for people’s work and health 　　【答案与解析】这篇短文告诉我们的是：天气的冷热干湿对人体健康有很大的影响。比如心脏病高发区所在地往往是严寒或酷热。大风或炎热天气里，人的智商会降低。瘦人怕冷天，而炎炎夏日对胖人又不利。此外，低气压还能导致健忘。 　　1.A。根据文章第二自然段的描述可知，冷湿天气对人的健康是有害的。 　　2.C。第三段的首句“The weather can also influence intelligence”说的就是这个意思。 　　3.A。本题属表层理解题。答案就在“Low air pressure may make people forgetful.”中。 　　4.D。由“People feel best at a temperature of about 18 centigrade.”一句可知。 　　5.B。根据文章最后的“Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the 　　weather’s problem.”这一句，我们可以推测出作者的写作意图 Now satellites are helping to forecast(预报)the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere (大气), because this is where the weather forms (形成). They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists (气象学家) can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change. 　　Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures.When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this. 　　So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead (提前). 1.Satellites travel __________. 　　A. in space B. above space C. above the ground D. in the atmosphere 2.Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere？Because _______. 　　A. clouds form there B. the weather forms there 　　C. the weather satellites can do it easily D. the pictures can forecast the weather 3.Meteorologists forecast the weather _______. 　　A.without studying satellite pictures B. before they receive satellite pictures 　　C. when they have received satellite pictures 　　D. after they have compared the new satellite pictures with the earlier ones 4.Maybe we'll soon be able to forecast the weather for _________. 　　A. one day B. two days C. five days D. seven days or even longer 5.The main idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in __________. 　　A. taking pictures of the earth B. receiving pictures of the atmosphere 　　C. weather forecasting D. doing other work in many ways 【答案与解析】这篇阅读材料向我们介绍了气象卫星在预报天气中所发挥的重要作用。如今，许多国家的气象站都是在接收到卫星云图后，由气象学家进行研究分析，然后预报天气的。在卫星的帮助下，人们可以预测未来三五天或更长时间内的天气状况。 　　1.A。本题属表层理解题。短文首句即是答案之所在。 　　2.D。“From the pictures，the scientists can often say how the weather will change.”是该小题答案的出处。 　　3.D。答案就在“the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too.”中。 　　4.D。文章结尾的“Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead.”这句即是答案之所在。 　　5.C。短文首句即点明了主旨。 【推断题易错题】 11 March, 2216 It was another usual day at school. My parents still ask me to go to the school building, even thought half the students in my class are hardly ever there at all. They prefer to use computers at home to watch and listen to our teacher, and then send their homework by e-mail. My parents have different ideas-they think it is good for me to spend more time with friends of a similar age. I suppose they are right, but I also wish I could spend more time with my robot, as well. It was raining today, so I was very happy that Mr. Right, the house robot, was waiting to take me home. Mr. Right always takes me to school in the morning and picks me up in the afternoon. It is fun to sit on his back while he flies to the flat where we live. I cannot imagine travelling any other way. Mr. Right does so many other things, as well. He cleans the house, washes and dries clothes, and cooks a wonderful dinner-as he can tell what temperature the food is and knows exactly when meat or vegetables are perfectly cooked. He also has special eyes, which means when he looks at me, he can tell whether there is anything wrong inside my body. If there is, he can then prepare medicine to cure whatever sickness he has found. One thing I really like about Mr. Right is that his brain has a connection to the Internet, so he can answer any of my questions in just a few seconds. Another great thing is that when my parents are not at home, he makes me happy. He knows millions of jokes and lots of funny stories. I am so happy he is part of my life. Today my homework is to write an article about which piece of technology has made my life different. I think you can guess what I will write about. 69. The passage is about a boys’ life in the ___________ century. A) twenty-first B) twenty-second C) twenty-third D) twenty-fourth 【易错点分析】本题属于推断题。学生可能会从文章中去找日期，但是实际上我们从日记的 标题日期我们知道作者所处在的年代是2216年。2216年换算过来就是23世纪。 72. Mr. Right’s special eyes make him a good ____________. A) cook B) engineer C) cleaner D) doctor 【易错点分析】本题属于推断题。学生很可能找不到关键句：文章第三段倒数两句：He also has special eyes, which means when he looks at me, he can tell whether there is anything wrong inside my body. If there is, he can then prepare medicine to cure whatever sickness he has found. 从上面这两句话可以推断出Mr Right 可以 给我看病，从而推断他是一名doctor. 74. For today’s homework, the boy probably write about his ___________. A) school life B) parents’ jobs C) ways of travelling D) house robot 【易错点分析】本题属于推断题。类似题目学生做了前面几道推断题之后很容易会放弃，文章最后一段写到： Today my homework is to write an article about which piece of technology has made my life different.从这句话中我们可以知道作者的回家作业是写关于科技的文章，而且大篇幅写了关于robot Mr. Right 的事情，所以不难推测出他将写Mr. Right. A. Choose the best answer (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)：(12分) This was the first real task i received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. As I searched the name, I found that there were two famous people having the same who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts(花生)，while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; let the coin decide. I flipped(掷)a coin and Ah! Tails(背面)！My report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver. Weeks later, I stood in front of the classroom and proudly read my homework. But things started to get strange. I looked around the room, only to find my classmates with big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes and my stone-faced teacher. I was completely lost.” What could be causing everyone to act this way?” Oh well. I dropped the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear,” My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American War of Independence.” The whole world became quiet! How could I know that my teacher meant that George Washington? Of course, my subject result was awful. Sad but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to the headmaster Miss Lancelot, but she said firmly: No re-dos; no new score. I felt that it was not fair, and I believed I deserved a second chance. So I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, I sat in the headmaster’s office again, but this time a completely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the terrible moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster told me I was good enough to skip(跳过)the 6th grade and started the 7th grade next term. 74. Which of the following proverbs can best describe the main idea of this history? A. Seeing is believing. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. One is never too old to learn. D. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 【易错点分析】本题属于主旨推断题。学生很有可能不知道这四个谚语的意思，以至于做错， 其实通过文中讲作者并没有放弃自己，继续努力，在接下来考试中表现良好， 导并跳了级，由此可以排除A,C,D,而选择B A: Choose the best answer.(根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)（12分） Jay Kohl, an American student, posted an online advertisement two weeks ago searching for aChinese family to stay with so that he can learn the language and culture. "I'm a clean, non-smoking, and warm-hearted American man looking for a homestay in the Wudaokou area to improve my Chinese language skills," he wrote. "I'm willing to offer help with English tutoring(家教) and even can help you with applying to foreign universities." He still hasn't found a suitable home. "Most of the families that contacted me seem to be interested in doing business instead of cultural exchange," he said. "I think I might have to rent an apartment in the end." Kohl isn't the only foreigner finding it difficult to find a homestay in Beijing. Michael Benson who wants to come to Beijing in September, has also faced the same problems. Why is finding a homestay family so difficult? Beijing Today consulted a Chinese teacher Jessie, Xi, who has been teaching foreign students at the University of International Business ant Economics for more than six years. Xi has accepted many homestays, and from her own experience and what she's been told, she said there were four major problems visitors may meet when applying for homestays. Problem 1: Having too high expectation for language improvement. Problem 2: Considering oneself as a guest instead of a family member. Problem 3: Not making clear what a family's rules are beforehand. Problem 4: Overly (过分) high demands for the living environment. 72. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A) Foreign visitors can do something helpful for their homestays. B) Foreign visitors usually have problems with their homestays. C) Foreign visitors should know clearly about the rules of their homestays. D) Foreign visitors should consider themselves as the members of their homestays. 【易错分析】 72. B 这一题学生很纠结的两个选项是A和B，两个在原文中都没有直接提到，但是B选项原文中没有提到，提到的问题都是没有找到homestay的问题，而不是找到之后与人之间的问题，从Kohl这个人身上我们还是能得出A这个结论的，他可以当英语家教等就是提供一些有用的帮助。 【词义猜测易错题】 　One day, a strange man came to the store. He walked in and asked Gary, “How long have you been here?” Gary replied that he’d been there all his life.“ Then you are the person I’m looking for, since I must confess something to you,” the man said. “Twenty years ago, I was totally broken and hungry. I entered this store from the back door and saw a 100-dollar bill on the cash register. And I took it. All these years I haven’t been able to forget that. I had to come back and ask for your forgiveness.” 72. The underlined word”confess” in Paragraph Four has the same meaning as_________. A. be honest to say B. be funny to realize C. be lucky to enjoy D. be serious to hide 【考查内容】词汇理解题 【易错解析】这一道题目可以从文中I must confess something to you,” the man said.“ Twenty years ago, I was totally broken and hungry. I entered this store from the back door and saw a 100-dollar bill on the cash register. And I took it. All these years I haven’t been able to forget that. I had to come back and ask for your forgiveness.中可以看出confess意思是选A“诚实地说”。词义猜测题，需要学生能够很好地理解这个单词在文章中的意思如何，对于句子的前后都需要能够理解清楚，才能够选出正确的答案的。 Why is finding a homestay family so difficult? Beijing Today consulted a Chinese teacher Jessie, Xi, who has been teaching foreign students at the University of International Business ant Economics for more than six years. 73. The underlined word "consulted" in the passage means " ". A) gave advice to B) discussed ideas with C) wanted information from D) raised questions for 73. C 猜测单词这一题，主要是干扰项太相似了，孩子觉得B和D都挺像的，尤其是D选项，从意思上来看consult本身表示咨询，从句子上去猜测，应该是想从那个中国老师那里得到一定的信息，而不只是提出问题。 【主旨题易错题】 Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him. He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked up to the sky. What he saw frightened him. A huge group of bees filled the sky like dark cloud and seemed to be heading angrily towards him. With no time to waste Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding quickly without knowing how to escape the group. With a rapidly beating heart and his legs lumping quickly, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his fear increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive(敏感的) to bees stings (蛰). Last time a sting had put him in hospital---and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. Suddenly, his father’s words came to him. “When you are in a dangerous situation, don’t panic. Stay calm, use your brain and think your ways out of it.” On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly from the chimney(烟囱) of the Nelson family home. “Bees don’t like smoke,” he thought. “They couldn’t get into the house.” Andy raced towards the Nelson house, but the bees were gaining around. Andy knew he could not reach the house in time. He guessed that the bees would catch up with him soon. Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he saw a small pond used by Mr. Nelson to water his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he jumped, disappearing below the surface and away from the bees. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees have gone. Pulling himself out of the water, he walked up the hill and rang the doorbell. Mr. Nelson took him inside and rang his mother. “You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover(恢复) ,” laughed his mother. “Thank goodness you didn’t panic!” But Andy did not hear her. He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow. 74. Which of the following can best describe Andy’s escape from the bees?. A) No pains, no gains. B) Once bitten, twice afraid. C) Where there is a will, there is a way. D) In time of danger, one’s mind works fast. D 归纳总结题。A意为“一分耕耘一分收获”；B意为“一朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳”；C意为“有志者事竟成”；D意为“急中生智”。根据文章大意，选D。 1. Choose the best answer (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案) (12分) High Housing Cost Makes Sub-Divided Flats HONG KONG—Average home price have increased by73% since the end of 2008.This huge jump in home price has pushed more and more low income families into sub-divided flats. What is a sub-divided flat? It is a flat that is divided into parts, so that it can house more than one family. Many sub-divided flats do not meet fire-safety standards (标准）.For example, some flat owners have turned fire escape exits into part of their own rooms. In June 2011, a fire happened in an old eight-storey building and left four people dead. That building was filled with sub-divided flats, some as small as 100 square feet. Many people believed that sub-divided flats were one of the causes for the accident. Since then, the government has paid more attention to the housing problem. The best way to lower housing prices is to increase the number of flats; however, the best way may not be the easiest way. To lower housing prices, the government said that 20,000 new flats must be added every year for the next ten years. Even if government could provide land for 20,000 flats a year, we would not know how much that would affect the housing market. One thing is for certain, Hong Kong’s housing problem will not soon go away and will be with us for a very long time. 1. The purpose of this article is to talk about__________. A) the fire in June 2011 B) the housing problem in Hong Kong C) the sub-divided flats D) the fire-safety laws 【易错分析】 1. B..这道题是道主旨大意题，一般会放在最后一题。因为本篇文章无太多生词而且话题较贴近生活讲的是房价上涨导致的再分割划分房的问题。主旨大意题要通过首末段及标题得知；通过标题High Housing Cost Makes Sub-Divided Flats，即高房价导致的隔板房，和文章首段“home price has pushed more and more low income families into sub-divided flats”接下来几段分别讲这种隔板房导致火灾，最好的解决方法却不容易实现，可得知答案为B。ACD选项为文章中的细节，不足以概括主旨。 　　 - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题冲刺之阅读B篇 【完形填空题型介绍】 完形填空题型介绍（CLOZE TEST）”是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点：  1．在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占10—15％，长度一般在130—200个单词左右。 2．降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。  3．针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。 【解题基本方法】 出题方式 (1)、完形填空是对文章理解能力的考查。 (2)、完形填空要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。 (3)、完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。 知识脉络图 解题步骤 1. 重视首尾，把握全文 首先浏览文章的首段和尾段，把握文章大意。 2. 跳空猜读，了解大意 “跳空速读”，边猜边想，弄清各段落、各层次之间的内在联系。具体方法是 ：不看选项，凭语感，依上傍下，通读全文，在整体层面上领悟“残缺的”语篇大意，初步猜选出浅易的答案，若恰好是选项之一或是其同义词，则十有八九是正确答案。 3. 瞻前顾后，领悟语境 完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越注重语境，逐步淡化了语法，即把具体的语言知识融入具体的语言情景中去，通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，以此来考查考生对文章的整体把握能力。解题时要快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文语境来选择答案。先易后难，对有把握的选项“一锤定音”；若有的选项没有把握，可暂时先搁一下，往下看，往往会“柳暗花明”。 4. 复读全文，全面验证 做完题目后，不管对全文是否已有豁然开朗之感，或还是依然似懂非懂，都要复读全文，验证答案。复查时要从语篇层次和语法层次两个角度考虑。特别要注意，是选择“最佳”而不只是“正确”答案。在检查时要注意：（1）上下文的一致性。（2）从语义、惯用法及词性搭配，甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文逻辑。 批注：完形填空题目对语法的考察越来越少，但是做过题目之后通篇读一遍还是很必要的，主要是看看选的答案是否能使全文通顺易懂，合情合理。 根据完形填空的试题特点，我们可以采取以下几种方法： 1.论证法 根据上下文的意思，运用所学的词汇和语法知识，从句子结构和意义上进行分析，并判断所选词语是否正确。 2.推理法 根据考生对整篇短文的理解，对文章的主题，情节的发展做出合理的推断。 3.上下文搜索法 完形填空给出的是都是整篇的文章，文章本身就是前后一致的。我们可能从上下文中找到提示或发现答案。 4.排除法 在无法确定答案的时候，我们可以采取排除法，逐一验证四个选项，以将错误答案一一排除后得出正确答案。 3．知识点三：解题原则 1．首句重点读。首句很多情况下是topic sentence，告知文章的背景和主旨。首句一般不设空，如果首句设空，需要重点读后面的例子，例子会提供解题线索，很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。 2．重点关注例子与例子之间的关系。几个例子联合起来都是去证明文章主旨的，但例子与例子间有时会有正反对比或是平行关系。 3．选词重视“具体表达”、“最佳适用原则”。 4．选词之场景原则。 5.平行原则的运用。完形填空的文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，有些情况下每个段落的发展模式都是差不多的。前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还不妨关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的，如果某段的末句设空，不妨也可以关注下后面一段的末句。例如有一篇文章是讨论积极态度给生活、工作、健康带来的好处，其中第二段末句这么写： With an active_______, you can overcome all the difficulties.在第三段末句出现了with an active attitude, you can be healthy. 如果学生在阅读的时候关注到这句，使用了“平行原则”，自然就能填出attitude. 6. 语篇意义——联系上下文 上下文线索词如何寻找？ 1：段首设空，线索在下文； 2：段尾设空，线索在上文； 3：收尾呼应，得出作者态度是消极还是积极？ 4：从一些形容词，判断作者态度是消极还是积极？ 5：从一些转折词汇，得出线索； 【学法提炼】 1.完型填空时刻要注意逻辑关系，每个空肯定是有相应信息和它构成逻辑关系，只要有耐心去寻找去体会，一定是可以找到根据的。 2. 完型填空的固定搭配，充分体现语言的扎实性，需要进行进一步的总结和概括。 3. 完型填空的易错题目要归类整理，平时多进行思考、比较、积累。 【专题精讲】 【专题精讲】 　What is humor? The dictionary defines(定义) it as “the quality that makes something laughable or__75____.” But that quality is different around the world. People like to make jokes about everyday parts of their culture. To appreciate this kind of joke, it is __76____for you to know something about the culture. Some humor is based on puns(双关语). Unfortunately, these jokes are not funny __77____ when translated into another language. In some countries __78___Britain, jokes that make fun of other ethnic(民族) groups are popular. In many British jokes, the Irish and the Welsh(威尔士人) appear stupid or lazy. However, it is best to avoid this kind of humor.__79___these jokes are based on stereotypes(成见), they can easily offend(冒犯)others. In Iran, people try to use humor to change a boring situation into an enjoyable one. The jokes and humor __80___ on the situation. One kind of humor does cross cultures. Most people will laugh at the slapstick (打闹剧) humor of cartoons like Bugs Bunny or movies stars like Jackie Chan. A funny face or someone falling down stairs will bring a grin to most faces. 75. A) amused B) amusing C)amazed D)amazing 76. A)essential B)interesting C)polite D)fun 77. A)above all B)in all C)at all D)all over 78. A)unlike B)like C)for example D)dislike 79. A)If B)Unless C)Though D)Because 80. A)live B)decide C)depend D)base BACBDC 75. 此处是短文的主旨，humour这个单词的定义：the quality that makes something laughable，根据or可见是和laughable是并列的单词，所以选择的是amusing令人发笑的。 76. 根据前文的to appreciate this kind of joke这个目的的前提，可见后面了解文化是必要的，选择essential。 77. 由单词unfortunately可见，笑话已经不好笑了，为了强调，这里not...at all体现。 78. 总分关系：country和Britain是举例关系，且这里缺少介词所以用like。 79. 逻辑关系是因果。 80. 固定搭配：live on以...为生；decide on 在..方面取得决定；base on以...为基础。 【专题过关】 （一） So,let’s imagine you are walking down the street drinking a box of tea. You finish drinking the tea.Now,what do you do with the box? Do you drop it on the ground? Or do you do the_50__thing and drop it in a trash can?Hopefully,you drop it in the trash can because ,besides harming the environment,littering is also very impolite. Recently,a magazine published a list of the most polite cities in the world. They look three things:did litter,did shop clerks say thank you and did people hold the door open for the person__51__them? The top three politest cities were New York,USA,Zurich,Switzerland, and Toronto,Canada.Hong Kong,China was number 35. Shanghai was not _52__on the list. Does that mean shanghai is not a polite city? Well,maybe. There are different ways to__53_politeness but the survey was looking at how a visitor to a city would feel when walking around the public places. Visitors don’t like to step over empty tea boxes as they walk down the street.They don’t like it when buy something and the shop clerk doesn’t say thank you or even give them a smile. They also don’t like it when someone lets a door slam into them_54 _holding it open. Shanghai is a nice city but it is not always the most polite city. I don’t think it is international. I think it is just a lack of awareness. China is becoming a popular place for tourists to visit. When they come to Shanghai they will find a friendly city: it would be nice if they also found a_55__one.And remember ,being polite makes you feel good,too. It’s nice to be nice. 50.A.rude B.regular C.right D.rare 51.A.in front of B.behind C.besides D.around 52.A.still B.even C.also D.already 53.show B.judge C.clean D.understand 54.A.instead of B.because of C.as well as D.except for 55.A.modern B.beautiful C.clean D.polite CBBBAD (二) There was a pet store and the owner had a parrot. One day a ____walked in and the parrot said to the man. “ Hey,you!” The man said “What?” The parrot said, “Your____is really ugly.” The man got very angry and went to the store owner and said, “ Your bird just my wife .It said she was ugly.” The owner stormed over,seized the bird ,took it into the the back room,shook it a bit,pulled out a few feathers and said, “Don’t ever,ever say anything to___my customer again. You got that!!!” With that ____,he took the bird and put it back into its cage. The old bird shook out its feathers and relaxed in its cage.A couple of weeks____and in walked this guy and his again. The parrot said. “Hey you!” The guy said, “What!” The parrot answered sarcastically(讽刺地),“ You know what.” 50.A. group B.team C.couple D.crawl 51.A.wife B.sister C.mother D.daughter 52.A.greeted B.puzzled C.offended D.scared 53.A.touch B.amuse C.cheat D.embarrass 54.A.warning B.comment C.suggestion D.request 55.A.tasted B.arrived C.appeared D.passed CACDAD - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 小猫钓鱼专题 【题型介绍】 该题型考查学生词汇应用；，题量总共8道，分值8分，每道题一分。五选四将词汇的考查放在了语篇中，着重强调语法和词汇知识在特定情景中的应用。 词汇：注重对于词汇和搭配的考察 语法： (1)考查词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力以考查动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，也考查连词、介词、短语等； (2)考查词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力； 逻辑：逻辑方面考察上下文联系。 【各个击破】 高频考查词汇 动词 disappear, contact，wash, think, create; consider; please; woke up；collected; repaired； included; create；beat; afford; leave; discover; find; spend; take; remember; add; recognize; protect; show; wear; experience; time; 名词 Teenager, safety, question，furniture, thoughts; effects; size; knowledge; freedom; friendships army; knives；awards; knowledge; tips; society; bed; beach; advice; centre; methods; ages; danger; designer; 形容词 recent, dangerous, ready; common; likely; various; rude; basic; surprised; boring; famous; successful; special; different; difficult; 副词 behind, completely, ever, easily; independently; terribly; especially；mainly; near; 其他 How about, put on, what’s going on, as well as; in the way; not…only; at a time；at any time； through；After all; Above all; as well; take place; at the end of; but; be able to ; either; including; while; the name of; so far; deal with; until; as soon as; for example; most likely; around; even if; from side to side; 【解题技巧】 1. 判断词性的技巧： “瞻前顾后”：需要考生根据空格的前后来决定所填词的词性以及应填的正确选项，我们可以根据一些简单的语法知识确定答案。应该说语法知识是解词汇理解题的基础。 a. 如何判断空格为名词： a /an/the +n. , adj.+ n. , vt. +n.即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词； n. v. 即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)； prep. +n.即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。 Eg: ①When a friend stops talking to you for a day or two, your mind will get crazy with the ____46_____ that perhaps you did something wrong. ② It will have bad ____50_____ on you as you start to focus your energy on others but not yourself. ③Gradually, the talented young man went from being a supporting actor to a __49___ movie star. b. 如何判断空格动词： n./pron. vt.n./pron. 即空格前面已有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词； n./pron. vi. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词； n./pron. vi. adv./prep. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配； n./pron. link v./be. adj. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词； to v. 即空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词 v. and v. 即空格前是动词+并列连词或选择连词，空格后也考虑填动词。 Eg: ①We want to be well-liked by those around us and not to ____49_____ any unnecessary trouble. ②When caring about others’ opinions is taking control of your life, maybe it’s time for you to stop and___51_____ what you really want and make some changes. ③Much of the action 48 ______ at the same time ---- the man in prison running away, the policemen running after them and planning to catch them. c. 如何判断空格为形容词： adj. n. 或n.adj. 即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词； adv. adj. 即空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词； link/be v. adj. 即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。 Eg: ①Although this is not good enough, it’s still a ____48_____ thing that happens among us. ②At school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because students have so ____53____time for it and they are busy with other lessons, too. ③The system is able to provide the physical location of mobile phones, which makes it __52___ to get to the scene. d. 如何判断空格为副词： adv. v. 或v.adv.即空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词； adv. adj. 即空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词。 Eg: ①Some people have very good memories, and can ____50____learn long poems by heart. ②When I arrived at the head’s house, he opened the door and looked at me as if I was __49__ mad. ③ The other two boys are both 14 years old. When most boys of their age are spending their time______51_____on study, the three young singers show themselves to thousands of people. 2.利用逻辑关系词确定答案： 在五选四中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。 常见的逻辑关系词如下： 并列关系：and , or, as well as 等 对比关系：but , however 等 举例关系：for example, such as等 比较关系：as…as, like, similar等 因果关系：because, for, since, therefore 等 递进关系：and, what’s more, in addition 等 Eg: ①These films were simple, _49_____at that time people liked these films very much. ②They can use their hands 49 humans. ③First of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair, 50 , black hats should be avoided if you are dark skinned. 3．比较填词： 将词性分类后，如何确定哪个选项是正确答案呢？这就需要考生进行选项间的比较，比较同词性的词汇哪一个是最佳答案。 两种方法确定答案： 1.逻辑判断(即根据文章的逻辑顺序和逻辑结构，确定同词性的词汇中的哪个是最佳答案) 2.词义判断：即通过同词性词汇的中文意思是否符合文章的整体意思，由此判断是不是最合适的选项 但需要注意：当确定所选答案无误后，填入一个词就划掉一个，为下面的选词缩小范围。 4．知识点四：句式结构分析 1. 简单句的五种基本句型 1)、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student. 2)、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work. 3)、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4)、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car. 5)、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 2.并列句的分类 1)、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. 2)、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 3)、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4)、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 5．解题步骤 注意 1. 动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词有两种可能性(形容词和动词的过去分词), 因此要根据动词的形式结合文章进行相应的时态或者语态的判断。 2. 不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中, 前缀区分意思, 后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的, 暂时搁置。 3. 做出相应的标记。在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的play/visit/study既有名词词性也有动词词性。 A)mainly B) completely C) managed to D) looked forward to E) organized In October last year, I was working at a school in Cambridge and it was only my second month in the job. At the end of the month the head teacher __46__ a party for all the new teachers. It was a good chance to get to know my new colleagues and I really __47__ it. As the party was on 31st October, I thought it was a Halloween party. So, the day before the party, I went to a costume hire shop and __48__ get a witch’s costume (女巫的服装). When I arrived at the head’s house, he opened the door and looked at me as if I was __49__ mad. All the other teachers were wearing normal clothes. A) ages B) methods C) in charge D) silly E) suddenly It was the end of term of in June and the students were doing their exams. I was __50__ that day and, as usual before the start of the exam, I told the students all the rules: no talking, no mobile phones and so on. I was walking up and down between the rows of desks when __51__ my own phone rang. That was bad enough, but the telephone had a really __52__ring tone (音色). All the students looked up at me. It took me __53_ to find the phone in mu bag and my face went bright red. One of the students was laughing so much that she fell out of her chair. 【专题过关】 A. As well as B. size C. in the way D. basic E. not only Dogs are not the only animals that can be trained to help people. Helping Hands, an organization in the USA, trains capuchin monkeys to be helpers for people in wheelchairs who cannot move their arms or legs. More than 20 years ago, Dr.M.J Willard thought that a monkey might be able to help with some 46 homework. She was right. Monkeys can 47 be trained to help people, they are also wonderful partners. Capuchin monkeys are found in the wild in South Central America. They are about the 48 of a friendly and good with their hands. They can use their hands 49 humans. A. please 　B. knowledge C. freedom D. independently E. friendships Everyday tasks, like turning on a light, putting something in the fridge, or pressing “play” on a CD player, can be difficult for someone who can not use his or her arms and legs. Capuchin monkeys can easily perform these tasks. This allows their owners more 50 .They can do things on their own and can live 51 .Helping hands matches people with disabilities to monkeys who can help them. But the close 52 between the monkeys and their owners happen all on their own. The monkeys and their owners become friends and learn to depend on each other. Some owners say the monkeys are almost like children to them. The monkeys can be naughty(调皮的） and sometimes like to play tricks on their owners. This is especially true of young monkeys. Mostly, they like to 53 their owners. They like the sweets they receive when they do a good job, and they like to be praised. A. designers B. as well as C. much D. protect E. show Most of the time, people wear hats to protect themselves from bad weather conditions. Hats are also worn to 46 politeness and as signs of social position. But nowadays, hats, especially women’s hats, are 47 more than that. In fact, hats have changed into fashion and style symbols by many movie stars. What’s more, people now consider many different features (特点)when choosing even a simple hat. Many 48 point out that, when choosing the right hat, it’s important to consider the color of your skin 49 your hair, your height, and the shape of your face. A. different B. also C. difficult D. for example E. wear First of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair, 50 , black hats should be avoided if you are dark skinned. Second, the height of the hat is 51 an important point. Tall women should not go for hats with tall crowns, just as short women should choose hats with upturned brims to give the look of height. Most importantly, the shape of the face decides the kind of hat one should 52 . A small, gentle hat that fits the head looks good on a small face. However, women with big, round faces should choose a 53 style. As the saying goes, “Fine feathers make fine birds.” A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features, so why not choose the best possible one next time you want to be in public? 【学法提炼】 1.最关键的是要改变孤立的记忆单词的不良学法，做到词不离句，句不离篇，做到词汇的情景使用。 2.不要孤立的看文章，一定注意句子的上下文衔接和本句的语法结构，因为选一个就少一个，一发而动全身。 3.结合句子成分和单词的词性帮助解题，并且在对比相同词性单词的词义后做题。 【课后练习】 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each one can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词或词组只能填一词)（共8分） A. famous B. plane C. surprising D.by the end of E. flight Michelle was flying from Houston to London，and during the ____46____，she began talking to John，the man in the seat next to her．She found out that he was president of a ____47____ jeans company based in Texas；in fact，she was wearing a pair of blue jeans from his company! But that wasn’t the most ____48____ thing．He had lived in San Francisco when he was in high school，and it turned out that he knew Michelle’s best friend，who also grew up in San Francisco! They continued talking．And ____49____ the flight，they felt that they had known each other for much longer than eight hours． A. mistakes B. completely C. practise D. steps E. instead of Now students’ English handwriting gets worse and worse. That makes their teachers feel worried. Is your English handwriting beautiful? If not, here are four 50 that really work! ◆Use paper with lines Using paper with lines can keep you writing straight 51 up or down when you write English words or sentences. Those lines on the paper can help you to write words in the right size. Be sure to fill the lined space 52 . And make sure those capital letters(大写字母) are written properly. ◆Slow down If your writing is hard to read, try slowing down a little. For some kids, going slower makes the handwriting clear. If you write too fast , it’s hard for you to stop where you should, and even worse, you may make more 53 . Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词或词组只能填一次)：（共8分） A. follow B. nervous C. culture D. leave for E. confident Studying abroad is a colorful experience. Not only do you get a chance to know a new 46 up close, but you also learn to get over new challenges(挑战). If you plan to study abroad, you’d better 47some useful tips. Firstly, before you 48your destination country, make sure to learn about the country. Every country has it own culture, which may be different from yours. Therefore, to get used to the local way of living in a short time, you must know what the people eat, how they dress up and also what their sensitive issues(敏感问题) are. Besides, you can catch a few of the commonly-used words of the local language there. What’s more, find out about the laws of the land before you get there. This way you’ll be 49 about how exactly you should behave yourself. A.ready B.extremely C.make sure D.prepare E. Instead Next, 50 you have all necessary documents(文件) with you before you set off to foreign countries to study. It’s suggested that you make copies of both your passport and visa(签证), in case you might need to get a new one during your stay there. What’s more, at least one other member of your family should have a passport 51 so that you can have someone by your side if you fall ill. Also, it’s a good idea to carry a few copies of your photo, in case you need to use one. Thirdly, when you decide to study abroad, it’s 52important that you research well before deciding on a university. Don’t just mainly believe what the advertisements say.53 , talk to people who have completed their studies from that country or who are planning to move to the same country. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once: (8分) (A) A. space B. towards C. weekly D. showing E. at the same pace In ancient times the most common form of advertising was by word of mouth. As printing developed in the 15th and 16th country, the first steps___51___ modern advertising were taken. In the 17th century advertisements started to appear in ___52___ newspaper in England and within a century, advertising became very popular. As the economy was expanding during the 19th century, the need for advertising grew ___53___. In 1843 the first advertising agency was established in Philadelphia. At first the agencies were just brokers (经济人) for ad ___54___ in newspaper, but in the 20th century, advertising agencies started to take over responsibility for the content as well. (B) A. the way B. in the process C. challenge D. along E. frequent If you want to grow, you need to expand your personal capacity. It’s an important topic that deserves ___55___ reminder. Expanding your personal capacity is essential for your personal growth. It will take you to the next level in life. It will make you a better person. For that, what you need to do is taking a new ___56___. You should move out of your comfort zone and do something that stretches your skills and abilities. It’s inconvenient, but that’s ___57___ to grow. Perhaps you already have an idea for a side business. It could come from your hobby or from a specific need that you come across. Why don’t you make it a reality this year? Having a side business is a good way to expand your capacity because it will teach you a lot ___58___. Plus, it could give you an extra cushion in this uncertain economic times. - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题之句型转换 【题型介绍】 题量总共7道，分值14分，每道题2分。句型转换是要求学生根据所给的句型，按要求或提示完成考题，考查的是学生对句子结构的构成、变化等方面的知识以及对此类知识的运用能力。该题型首先给出一个完整的句子，再给出一个含有几个空白处的句子，根据不同的要求填入适当的词完成句型转换。 句型转换涉及到语法知识的各个方面，在做这种题时，应注意时态、语态、人称、数的变化，特殊疑问词的用法，及助动词的用法等。句型转换考题虽然包括各种句式，但通常以两种形式进行考查：同义型句型转换和条件型句型转换。 【专题精讲】 (一).肯定句<--->否定句： 常考的考点：have 、do句型 提取助动词+ 动词原形  ：do/did/does + V原形 特例1：现在完成时have/has been --> have/has not been 1.He has been there.(改否定句)      He _____ _____ there. 2.Jake has already downloaded many free games from the App store. (改为否定句) Jake ________ downloaded many free games from the App store ________. 特例2：一般将来时will do ---> won’t do 1. The charity organization will receive some money from the local governmentext year. (改为否定句) The charity organization _____ receive _____ money from the local government next year. 特例3:   had better do ---> had better not do   (would rather (not) do) (二). 反意疑问句： 常考的考点：带有否定副词的句子。 前肯后否，前否后肯。 1.信号词never, seldom, hardly, rarely, few/little 功能上= not 2.注意用代词  Mr.Smith and his wife 用代词-->they Her parents seldom went to work, _____ _____? 3. 注意句子的整体理解 They tried everything they could to improve the situation. (改为反意疑问句) They tried everything they could to improve the situation, _________ _________? 注意：have/has/had 只有在 ①现在完成时，②过去完成时，③had better 情况下可直接用于反义疑问句中，其他一律用do/does/did. (三). 主动语态变被动语态 英语中被动语态由“助动词be＋动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称 和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表： 常考的考点：一.现、一.过、一将以及含有情态动词的被动语态。 be动词+动词（P.P） 情况1：                一.现：  am/is/are + V(P.P) 1. 过：  was/were +V(P.P)                                                   情况2（有be）： 一.将：  will be + V(P.P)                         情态动词:    can/may/must/should be+ V(P.P) 情况3：                现.完：  have/has been +V(P.P) 注：人称单复数变化！！(被动语态：主语<—>宾语置换会导致单复数变化) Uncle Tom grows tomatoes in the field.(改被动) Tomatoes_____ _______ by Uncle Tom in the field. (四). 同义句转换 常考的考点：主要考考纲的近义短语、常用的初中重点句型。 1.表结果so….that +句子= too … (adj) to  do= not …(adj反义词) enough to do He is so weak that he can’t play football. He is___ weak ____play football. He is not _____ ______ to play football. 2.表目的so as to do =（in order）to do= so that+ 句子= in order that+句子 3.表原因because, because of They didn’t go to the museum last Monday. It rained hard. (保持句意基本意思) They didn’t go to the museum last Monday _______  _______the heavy rain. 1. 条件状从 和祈使句的转换 if….not= unless 如果不 Take the underground, or you will be late for the lecture. 保持句意基本不变） You __________ be late for the lecture __________ you take the underground. 5.时间状从  not…until  直到......才 The firemen stopped working when all the workers were saved. (保持原句意思) The firemen ________ stop working ________ all the workers were saved. ★★★高频考点： 1. so….that +句子 2. too … (adj) to do 3. not …(adj反义词) enough to do He is so weak that he can’t play football. = He is___ weak ____play football. = He is not _____ ____ to play football. 2. so as to do （in order）to do so that+ 句子 in order that+句子 表目的 3. Because , Because of 表原因 4. if….not= unless 条件状从，如果不 5. 时间状从 not…until 直到......才 6. be held=take place 举办 7. join ---have been in 现在完成时中瞬间动词转换为延续性动词 8. used to do sth = often/usually did sth = did sth … in the past 过去常常干某事 9. remove= take away 移除 10. you mustn’t do sth = be not allowed to do = don’t do sth 禁止做某事 11. be good at = do well in 擅长做某事 12. be poor at = do badly in 拙劣于 13. care for =look after = take care of 关爱，照顾 14. stop…from =keep…from= prevent…form 阻止....做.... 15. set out for= set off for= start= leave for 出发 16. do sth.successfully;succeed in doing sth.; be successful in sth;manage to do sth. ; be able to do sth. 五个成功做某事 17. in my opinion = I think 我认为 18. be responsible for=be in charge of = take charge of 对…负责 19. make an apology to sb. for doing =say sorry to sb. for doing 向某人道歉 20. purchase sth. for money =buy sth. for money 为.....买东西 21. 句型：1. 人 + spend + 钱/ 时 + (in)doing sth /on sth. 句型:2. 物 + take + （人）+ 时间 + to do sth 句型: 3. 物 + cost + （人）+ 钱 + to do sth　句型: 4. 人 + pay + 钱 + to sb/ for sth　 花费 22. be made up of = consist(s) of 由…组成 23. improve a lot …= make progress 在......有进步 24.offer sb sth=offer sth to sb provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb. 提供某人某物 25. prefer(red）A to B = like(d) A better than B 喜欢A胜过B 26. besides A= in addition to A 除A以外（还有） 27. do harm to…= be harmful to = be bad for… 对…有害 28.run out of = use up 用完 29.consider doing= think about doing 考虑 30.decide to do = make a decision to do =make up one’ mind to do 决定干某事 31.escape = run away 逃跑 32.immediately =at once =right now =right away 立即 33.when he was over sixty = in his sixties 在他60多岁的时候 34. high =in height 高度 35. wide = in width 高度 36. long = in length 长度 37.achieve an A for maths get an A for maths 数学得了一个A 38. a kind of=a type of=a sort of 一种；一类 39.agree with sb. =have the same idea / opinion with 同意某人的观点、意见 40. all the day=the whole day 一整天 41. also=as well=too 也 42. amounts of = a great amount of 大量(加不可数名词) 43. answer = reply to 回答 44. arrive at/ in some place =get to some place =reach some place 到达某地 45.as well as=together…with = along with… = with 和…一起 46. at last =in the end =finally 最后 47.at present =at the moment =for the time being=now 此刻，目前 48. be unable to do=fail to do 未能做某事 49. be active in=play an active part in 积极参加 50. be afraid of sth. / doing = be frightened at sth. 害怕 51. be aged 30 = be 30 years old 30岁 52. be busy with sth. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 53. be different from (not) be the same as 与……不同 54. be fond of sth. / doing =be keen on sth./ doing=be interested in 喜爱做某事；热衷于做某事 55. be friendly to =be kind to 对…友好 56.be full of =be filled with =be crowded with 充满了….挤满了…… 57.be good at sth./doing =do well in sth./ doing 擅长于做…… 58. be interested in sth. / doing =show/ take/ have interest in sth./doing 对……感兴趣的 59.be located (in, at, on) =lie (in, at, on) 位于……;坐落于…… 60.be pleased with =be satisfied with 对……感到满意 61.be responsible for =be in charge of =take charge of 对……负责 62.be surprised at=be amazed at 对……感到惊讶 63.be thankful to =show thanks to 对……感激 64. belong to sb.=be one’s…=is the owner of 属于某人；是某人的 65.begin to do begin doing start to do start doing 开始做某事 66. by oneself =alone=personally =on one’s own 单独地‘独自地 67. by bus / train on a bus / train take a bus/train to by car / taxi in a car / taxi drive to 乘公共汽车/ 火车乘小轿车/ 出租车 68. besides in addition 此外，另外 69.give sb. a hand do sb. a favor 帮助某人 70. make fun of =play a trick on sb. =laugh at sb. 取笑某人 71.rely on=depend on 依靠 72.get tired of =be bored with 厌倦 73. start to do= take up doing 开始干某事 74. now and then=from time to time 有时，不时 (五). 对划线部分提问 常考的考点：how long/soon/ far/often, how much/ many的区别；Why/ What/ How 的区别 ★How long 多长时间  信号词：for +时间段；since+时间点(for 10 years, since 2012) ★How soon 多久          信号词：in + 时间段(in 10 days) ★How often & How many times 表频率    信号词：once, twice, >=3 times, 特注：当信号词是every 2 weeks等时，疑问词只能How often ★How far  多远距离   信号词：meters, two hours’walk/ride ★How old  历史多久   信号词：has a history of more than 1000 years ★Why     原因              信号词：to do…，for+ doing/名词 ★How     方式              信号词：by doing… Lisa used to eat candy all the time. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ Lisa use to do all the time? (六). 肯定句改为感叹句 常考的考点：近年来考的较少，要求掌握How/What 的修饰用法。 (七). 两句子合并为一句，复合句变为简单句 常考的考点 一、用“及物动词（decide, hope, wish, choose, promise, agree等）+不定式”结构可以将含有that引导的某些宾语从句的复合句转换成简单句。例如： 1. He decided that he would buy a digital camera online. →He decided _____ _____ a digital camera online. 二、用“疑问词+不定式”结构可以将某些含有连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句转换简单句.例如： 1. I don’t know which one I can buy. →I don’t know which one ____ _____. 三、用“too…to…”结构可以将含有so…that引导的结果状语从句(否定)的复合句转成简单句.如： 1. The boy is so young that he can’t look after himself. →The boy is too young to look after himself. 四、用“…enough +不定式”结构可以将含有so …that …引导的结果状语从句（肯定）的复合句转变为简单句.例如： 1.The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree. →The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree. 五、用“in order +不定式”或“so as +不定式”结构可以将含有so that 引导的目的状语从句的复合句转换为简单句.如： 1. She decided to buy a camera online so that she could receive it soon. →She decided to buy a camera online in order to receive it soon. →She decided to buy a camera online so as to receive it soon. 六、在某些作表语的形容词后面加不定式可以将某些含有状语从句的复合句转变成简单句.例如： 1 .I was glad when I heard the good news. →I was glad_____ _____ the good news. (八) 宾语从句 注意点： 1．从句用陈述句语序    2. 主从句时态保持一致    3.代词合理变化 Frank asked me, "Have you ever created a comic strip?" (改为宾语从句) Frank asked me whether_______ _______ ever created a comic strip. ‘I can help repair the bike.’ said Jerry.(改为宾语从句)  Jerry said ________ he _______ help repair the bike. (九) 连词成句 首先找主语，可以做主语的词性初中需要掌握的就是名词，代词，以及动名词做主语。第二步判断谓语，可以谓语的词性有实意动词和系动词（be动词、感官动词等），第三部判断宾语/表语，然后根据单词的意思把句子写完整。最后注意看自己给的是句号还是问号，如果给的是问号注意语序的变化。 【专题过关】 Rewrite the following sentences as required 1.None of you will go to net bar to play computer game. ( 改为反义疑问句 ) None of you will go to net bar to play computer games, _____ ______? 2.Our group spent two hours preparing for our project. ( 保持句意不变 ) It _______ our group two hours to ____ for our project. 3.“Is that bridge the world’s longest sea bridge?” Cathy asked me . ( 改为宾语从句 ) Cathy asked me ______ that bridge _____ the world’s longest sea bridge. 4. The new dictionary cost me fifty yuan. ( 对划线部分提问 ) How _______ _____ the new dictionary cost you ? 5.People should take good care of the aged everywhere . ( 改为被动语态 ) The aged should ____ ____ good care of everywhere. 6.Please tell us what we should do to protect our environment.( 改为简单句 ) Please tell us ______ _______ do to protect our environment . 7.Work harder, or you ‘ll not succeed in your new job. ( 保持句意基本不变 ) ______ _______ work harder , you’ll not succeed in your new job. 8.Mary has her lunch at school every weekday. ( 改为否定句 ) Mary ______ _______ her lunch at school every weekday. 9.We lay on the floor inside the room . ( 改为一般疑问句 ) _____ you _____ on the floor inside the room? 10.Dad didn’t watch TV on the EVE of the Spring Festival . He played cards (合并为一句 ) Dad played cards on the Eve of the Spring Festival ______ ________ watching TV. 11.The case is so heavy that I can’t move it out of the room alone. ( 保持原句不变 ) The case is ___ heavy ___ me to move out of the room alone. 12.The world turns its attention to the World Cup every four years .( 对划线部分提问 ) _______ ______ does the world turn its attention to the World Cup? Rewrite the following sentences as required 1.The boy said sorry to the old lady.（同意） They boy ________ _________ the old lady. 2. The lecture was kind of boring and I didn’t enjoy it.（同意） The lecture was _______ _______ boring and I didn’t enjoy it. 3.The boy asked his teacher, “Does water freezes at zero degree.”（改简单句） The boy asked his teacher __________ water _________ at zero degree or not. 4.There was a beauty salon in this neighborhood.（同意） There _______ ________ be a beauty salon in this neighborhood. 5.Santo Claus hid the presents in the long stockings on Christmas Eve.(改被动) The presents _______ ________ in the long stockings on Christmas Eve. 6.John visited Shanghai Museum yesterday.( 对划线部分提问 ) ___________ did John visit yesterday? 7.Martin was a taxi driver five yeas ago?( 对划线部分提问 ) ___________ was Martin five years ago? 8.Jack bought five fish in the market.( 对划线部分提问 ) _______ _______ fish did Jack buy in the market? 9.The African Ghost Fish disappeared in a blink of an eye.( 对划线部分提问 ) _______ _______ did the African Ghost Fish disappear? 10. I met Michael at the underground station the other day.(对划线部分提问 ) _______ did you ________ at the underground station the other day? 11.Tom jumped 1.3 meters at the sports meeting.( 对划线部分提问 ) _______ ________ did Tom jump at the sports meeting? 12. Mark Twain’s funny story made everyone in the room laugh. (改被动) Everyone in the room ______ _______ _______ ______ by Mark Twain’s funny story. 1. She was a heavy smoker, but she has given up smoking now.(同意) She ________ _______ smokes. 【学法提炼】 (一)了解改写句子出题方式，注意容易出错点。 (二)积累短语与词组。 (三)检查：大些写、单复数、时态、拼写等。 【课后练习】 Rewrite the sentences as required（按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词）（共14分） 　　62. Peter left Shanghai for London to further his study last year. (改为否定句) 　　Peter ________ ________ Shanghai for London to further his study last year. 　　63. It’s about 3050 kilometres from Shanghai to Bangkok. (对划线部分提问) 　　________ ________ is it from Shanghai to Bangkok? 　　64. My sister isn’t old enough to take care of herself. (保持句意基本不变） 　　My sister is ________ ________ to take care of herself. 　　65. The song “California girls” is very popular among the students. (改为感叹句) 　　________ ________ the song “California girls” is among the students! 　　66. I can’t decide which seat to take. (保持句意基本不变） I can’t decide which seat ________ ________ take. 67. “She has promised to attend the party.” Tom said. (保持句意基本不变) 　　Tom said that she ________ ________ to attend the party. 68. down you mind the music would turning (连词成句) Rewrite the following sentences as required(根据所给要求，改写下列句子。每空格限填一词)（共14分） 1. We have already swept the classroom.(改为一般疑问句) you swept the classroom ? 1. Let her visit the underwater hotel instead of you.(改为反意疑问句) Let her visit the underwater hotel instead of you, ? 1. Be careful, or you will make the same mistake again.(保持原句意思) you careful, you will make the same mistake again. 1. Who wrote the business letters?(改被动语态) Whom the business letters by? 1. Will you take part in our English evening? Mr. Anderson asked me.(合并为一句) Mr. Anderson asked me I take part in their English evening or not. 1. The poor child was so lucky that she got many books from project Hope.(保持句意不变) The poor child was to get many books from Project Hope. 60. her house, help, clean, the old lady, once a week, The students(连词成句) Rewrite the following sentences as required (根据所给要求，改写下列句子。每空格限填一词)：（共14分） 67. Peter’s spoken English is quite fluent! (改为感叹句) _________ _________ English Peter speaks! 68. Neither John nor Susan has ever been to the Great Wall. (反义疑问句) Neither John nor Susan has ever been to the Great Wall, _________ _________? 69. “Please give me a hand.” She begged me. (改为同义句) She begged me to _________ __________ a favor. 70. He always wore his shoes out. (改为被动语态) His shoes _________ always _________ out. 71. After several hours’ medical treatment, the patient came to life. (保持原句意思) After several hours’ medical treatment, the patient _________ _________. 72. My son asked me “Does water freeze at 0°C or not? ” My son asked me ________ water ________ at 0°C or not. 73. The writer should make the story move fast to keep the reader interested. (对划线部分提问) _________ should the writer make the story move fast ________? 课后巩固 1．Nowadays, many people continue their studies after they begin to work. (保持句意不变) Nowadays, many people_____ ______ with their studies after they begin to work. 2．It’s a good tradition of people to look after the old well. (保持句意不变) It’s a good tradition of people to______ ______ the old well. 3．Mr. Smith made up his mind to take a cruise trip(邮轮)to Europe with his wife this summer. (保持句意基本不变) Mr. Smith______ ______take a cruise trip to Europe with his wife this summer 4．These kids had a wonderful time during the three-day winter camp. (保持句意基本不变) These kids______ ______during the three-day winter camp. 5．Students abroad should take good care of themselves when they are in foreign countries. (保持原句意思) Students abroad should ______ _______ themselves when they are in foreign countries. 6．After years, his dream of building an eco-system(生态系统) for the community finally realized.(保持句意基本不变) After years, his dream of building an eco-system for the community finally ______ ______ . 7．Mark returned to his country after he finished university abroad.(保持句意基本不变) Mark ______ ______ to his country after he finished university abroad. 8．These chemicals can be harmful to animal life. (保持原句意思) These chemicals can do _______ _______ animal life. 9．Do you agree with them about their arrangement for the outing? (保持句意基本不变） Are you ______ ______ of their arrangement for the outing?. 10．Someone tried to enter our house by force while we were away.(保持句意基本不变) Someone tried to______ ______our house while we were away. 11．The computer is made up of many different parts. (保持句意基本不变) The computer______ _______ many different parts. 12．I didn’t copy the papers because something was wrong with the printer.(保持句意基本不变) I didn’t copy the papers because the printer______ ______. 13．My friend Peter looked after my pet dog while I was on holiday last month. (保持句意不变) My friend Peter______ ______ my pet dog while I was on holiday last month. 14．During the test, our teacher stopped us from talking with each other. (保持句意基本不变) Our teacher didn’t ______ us ______ talk with each other during the test. 15．It’s necessary for us to review what we have just learned in time. (保持句意基本不变） It’s necessary for us to _____ _____ what we have just learned in time. 16．The team was unable to reach the top of the mountain before dark. (保持句意基本不变) The team______ ______reach the top of the mountain before dark. 17．The singer not only writes his own song but also plays the guitar. (保持句意基本不变) The singer not only writes his own song and plays the guitar ______ ______. 18．Follow these instructions and you won’t make a mistake. (保持句意基本不变) Follow these instructions and you won’t _______ ________ . 19．I didn't copy the papers because something was wrong with the printer. (改为句意基本相同) I didn’t copy the papers because the printer______ ______. 20．The old piano in my family was my grandpa’s.(保持句意基本不变) The old piano in my family______ ______my grandpa. 21．Excuse me, I' d like to make a complaint about this palmtop computer. (保持原句意思) Excuse me, I'd like to______ ______this palmtop computer. 22．The weather affected our plans. (保持句意基本不变) The weather had an______ ______our plans. 23．Don’t forget to say sorry to others when you do something wrong. (保持句意基本不变) Don’t forget to ______ ______others when you do something wrong. 24．She was reviewing her lesson in her bedroom from seven to nine yesterday.（保持句意基本不变） She was _______ _______ her lesson in her bedroom from seven to nine yesterday. 25．Children shouldn’t eat too much sugar because it is bad for their teeth. (保持原句意思) Children shouldn’t eat too much sugar because it is ______ ________ their teeth. 26．Thomas does exercise every day so that he can keep fit. (保持句意基本不变) Thomas does exercise every day ______ ______ to keep fit. 27．My husband has begun to spend time jogging because he was too fat.(保持句意基本不变) My husband has______ ______ jogging because he was too fat. 28．My dinner was made up of some fish, potatoes and fruit salad. (保持句意基本不变) My dinner______ ______some fish, potatoes and fruit salad. 29．As it is said by Joyce, the link method is a basic way of improving our memory. (保持句意基本不变) ______ ______ Joyce, the link method is a basic way of improving our memory. 30．Visitors showed great interest in the Steam Courses in our school. (保持句意不变) Visitors were ______ _______ the Steam Courses in our school. - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$