Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle Reading and Thinking分层作业-【上好课】高二英语同步高效课堂（人教版选择性必修第三册）

Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle Reading and Thinking分层作业 基础巩固 一、短语翻译 1． 随着青少年的成长 2． 开始自己做决定 3． 沉溺于烟酒不能自拔 4． 生理和心理健康问题 5． 做出适当的改变 6． 选择做某事 7． 作为做某事的信号 8． 让我们感到快乐 9． 促进我们坏习惯的积极改变 10． 变得悲观并且放弃 二、单句语法填空 11．Mr Green considers volunteering there a (reward) job because it can help many people in need. 12．Faced with so many problems, I didn’t know how to deal with them (independent). 13．I decided (commit) to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. 14．You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful (respond). 15．Parents can’t company the children all their lives, so it’s a must to develop their social awareness and their sense of (independent). 16．I don’t think you’re being straight me. 17．Tom is influential and (rely) while Jack is just the opposite. 18．The wise will not rely medicine for keeping them healthy. 19．The plan might be prevented from （carry）out. 20．There is no reason to be (pessimism) about the future, because we are young enough to do everything. 三、根据汉语提示填单词 21．Studies show that spending too much time on social media can lead to (消极的) feelings about oneself. 22．Smartphones should be used as our tools rather than (主宰) our lives. 23．Many experts advocate （奖励）your child for good behaviour. 24．You’d better have your eyes (检查) in the hospital. 25．The PLA of China gains a reputation for its high standards of (自制力，纪律): the soldiers mustn’t take anything from the civilians. 四、根据首字母提示填单词 26．I d the file by accident. I’m terribly sorry about that. 27．The public made huge donations (捐赠) in r to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake. 28．After months of isolation due to the pandemic, people were eager to restart p activities like going to the gym, playing sports, and engaging in outdoor adventures. 29．Using bicycles c gently to people`s physical fitness as well as easing traffic. 30．She admitted having a her power as manager by giving jobs to her friends. 五、选词填空 rely on    act as    decide on    get involved in straight away    aside from    in response to 31．I decided not to put off studying and got up early every morning to get down to work . 32．With Mike our group leader, we had no trouble finishing the task ahead of time. 33． these two books, he has written some plays and film scripts. 34．We all need to saving energy whether it’s at work, at home, or at school. 35．Not everyone acts the same events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. 六、七选五 Do you have difficulty falling asleep? Do you find it hard to sleep deeply? 36 Don’t worry, experts have offered you some tips on how to make yourself a sound sleeper. Make a schedule, and stick to it. Melatonin (褪黑素) is a hormone produced by the body to control when you get sleepy and when you wake up. To work well, the release of this hormone needs to occur at regular times. If your bedtime and wake-up time change from day to day or on weekends, your sleep rhythms will be unpredictable and the body won’t know how to respond. 37 Don’t lay in bed awake. The best sleep tip you can ever give somebody is get up — don’t lay in bed awake but not sleeping. 38 Because lying in bed awake can form a link in your brain that can lead to chronic insomnia (慢性失眠). Instead of being a restful spot where you peacefully fall asleep, your bed becomes an anxious place where you toss and turn and wake up tired. 39 Many people view sleeping as the final thing they have to do in a jam-packed day. It is worth postponing to catch up on housework, schoolwork, office work or the latest television series. This thinking needs to be changed. 40 Instead, see your sleep as the amount of time you need to set yourself up for a productive tomorrow. It may sound like a small change in thinking, but it’s an important one. A．Stay positive about sleep. B．For what is that so important? C．Change your attitude towards sleep. D．You may suffer from other sleeping problems. E．So it is necessary to form a good sleeping habit. F．Don’t see your sleep as the amount of time you have left in your day. G．Therefore, it’s important to have a standard wake-up time, even on weekends. 能力提升 一、阅读理解 A Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants — 72 healthy male and female adults — were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why? That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 1．What did the new study aim to explore? A．When exercise is best for learning. B．What biochemicals are good for health. C．How brainwaves should be measured. D．Which area of the brain is the most active. 2．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Train on bicycles. B．Do mathematics exercises. C．Play computer games. D．Watch films about nature. 3．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later? A．To do a medical examination. B．To have their memory tested. C．To get their workouts recorded. D．To finish their previous tasks. 4．What might the author’s marathon running prove? A．The findings of the study are reliable. B．Long-distance runners are often smart. C．Studies on the marathon are not enough. D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. B It goes without saying that hard physical labor wears you out, but what about hard mental labor? “Influential theories suggested that fatigue (疲惫) is a sort of illusion cooked up by the brain to make us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a more gratifying activity,” says Mathias Pessiglione of Pitié-Salpêtrière University in Paris, France. “But our findings show that cognitive work results in a true functional transformation — accumulation of toxic substances — so fatigue would indeed be a signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve the integrity of brain functioning.” Pessiglione and colleagues wanted to understand what mental fatigue really is. They used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to monitor brain chemistry over the course of a workday. They studied two groups of people: those who needed to think hard and those who had relatively simple cognitive tasks. They saw signs of fatigue, only in the group doing hard mental work. Those in that group also exhibited in their choices a change toward options proposing rewards at short delay with minimal effort. Critically, they also had higher levels of glutamate (谷氨酸) in the brain’s prefrontal cortex (前额皮质). Together with earlier evidence, the scientists say it supports the hypothesis that glutamate accumulation makes further activation of the prefrontal cortex more costly, such that cognitive control is more difficult after a mentally tough workday. So, is there some way to overcome this limitation of our brain’s ability to think hard? “Not really, I’m afraid,” Pessiglione said. “I would employ good old recipes: rest and sleep! There is good evidence that glutamate is removed from the brain during sleep.” There may be other practical implications of the findings. For example, the researchers say, monitoring of prefrontal cortex could help to detect severe mental fatigue. Such an ability may help adjust work agendas to avoid burnout. Pessiglione also advises people to avoid making important decisions when they’re tired. 1．What does the underlined word “gratifying” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Relaxing. B．Complex. C．Temporary. D．Rewarding. 2．What does the group performing hard mental work exhibit in the study? A．Fewer signs of mental fatigue. B．Greater motivation and effort. C．Higher efficiency in complex tasks. D．Stronger preference for immediate rewards. 3．What do we know about glutamate accumulation? A．It causes a sense of peaceful mind. B．It enhances brain function in a limited way. C．It signals the brain is emptying its mental energy. D．It decreases the cost of prefrontal cortex activation. 4．What is Pessiglione’s advice for those overwhelmed by mentally demanding tasks? A．Remove them from the work agenda. B．Reduce the complexity of all cognitive tasks. C．Schedule strategic breaks to allow for recovery. D．Apply technology to monitoring the brain activity. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Earlier this August, Chinese skateboarder Zheng Haohao competed as the youngest athlete at the 2024 Paris Olympics at the age of 11. Behind Zheng’s debut is the growing number of Chinese youngsters participating in this niche sport, 1 made its Olympic Games debut at the 2021 Tokyo Games. The growing popularity of skateboarding and other sports activities in China, especially among the young people, often 2 (fuel) partly by the country’s promotion of public fitness. Promoting public fitness is 3 priority of China’s sports policy, according to a Xinhua think tank report titled “The Road to Becoming a Sports Powerhouse”. “China is striving to better meet the sports needs of different age groups and categories,” said the report 4 (author) by Xinhua Institute. In 2014, China elevated public fitness to a national strategy. By the end of 2023, the number of sports venues in China 5 (reach) nearly 4.6 million, with a total area of 4.07 billion square meters and a per capita area of 2.89 square meters. Besides skateboarding, other sports such as cycling, sport climbing and surfing, which were rather 6 (familiar) to most people, have become new 7 (attract) in China, not to mention sports like tennis, golf and snow skating that have already been well accepted by people in many parts of the country. Ni Jia, founder of a Shanghai-based bicycle shop, said her shop only sold two or three bikes per month on average in the past but the number surged to 70 to 80 in 2023, with prices 8 (range) from a few hundred yuan to tens of thousands of yuan. In response to the growing sports enthusiasm of the public, the government has promoted the coordinated development of recreational sports, 9 (compete) sports and the sports industry. China’s sports industry has expanded 10 an average annual rate of over 10 percent in the past decade, according to the think tank report. 三、书信写作 请你写一篇短文向校英文报“Sports and Health”栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动，激发同学们的运动热情，内容包括： 1．介绍这项运动：2．说明推荐理由：3．温馨提示。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Stand up and Exercise, Everybody! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 18 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle Reading and Thinking分层作业 基础巩固 一、短语翻译 1． 随着青少年的成长 2． 开始自己做决定 3． 沉溺于烟酒不能自拔 4． 生理和心理健康问题 5． 做出适当的改变 6． 选择做某事 7． 作为做某事的信号 8． 让我们感到快乐 9． 促进我们坏习惯的积极改变 10． 变得悲观并且放弃 【答案】 1．as teenagers grow up 2．start making their own decisions 3．become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse 4．physical and mental health problems 5．make appropriate changes 6．make a choice to do something 7．act as a signal to do something 8．make us feel happy 9．facilitate a positive change in our bad habits 10．become pessimistic and give up 【解析】1．“成长”是grow up，随着青少年的成长，英文表达是as teenagers grow up，是as引导的时间状语从句，故答案填as teenagers grow up。 2．“开始做某事”是start doing sth.,“作决定”是make one’s decision(s)，开始自己做决定，英文表达是start making their own decisions，动名词作宾语，故答案填start making their own decisions。 3．“沉溺于”是become involved in，“滥用”是abuse，沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，英文表达是become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse，是固定搭配，故答案填become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse。 4．生理和心理健康问题，英文表达是physical and mental health problems，故答案填physical and mental health problems。 5．做出适当的改变，英文表达是make appropriate changes，故答案填make appropriate changes。 6．选择做某事，英文表达是make a choice to do something，动词不定式作后置定语，故答案填make a choice to do something。 7．“信号”是signal，作为做某事的信号，英文表达是act as a signal to do something，动词不定式作后置定语，故答案填act as a signal to do something。 8．让我们感到快乐，英文表达是make us feel happy，make跟复合宾语，故答案填make us feel happy。 9．“促进”是facilitate，“积极的改变”是a positive change，促进我们坏习惯的积极改变，英文表达是facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，故答案填facilitate a positive change in our bad habits。 10．“悲观的”是pessimistic，“放弃”是give up，变得悲观并且放弃，英文表达是become pessimistic and give up，故答案填become pessimistic and give up。 二、单句语法填空 11．Mr Green considers volunteering there a (reward) job because it can help many people in need. 【答案】rewarding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：格林先生认为在那里做志愿者是一项有意义的工作，因为它可以帮助许多需要帮助的人。根据空格后的名词job可知，此处应该用提示词的形容词形式rewarding作定语表示“有意义的”工作。故填rewarding。 12．Faced with so many problems, I didn’t know how to deal with them (independent). 【答案】independently 【详解】考查副词。句意：面对这么多问题，我不知道如何独立处理。修饰动词短语deal with应用副词independently，故填independently。 13．I decided (commit) to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. 【答案】to commit 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我决定致力于完成申请，很快我就加入了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人团队，致力于保护自然。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语decide to do，意为“决定做某事”。故填to commit。 14．You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful (respond). 【答案】response 【详解】考查名词。句意：你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但这可能不会得到有用的回应。作宾语，结合不定冠词，可知用单数名词response。故填response。 15．Parents can’t company the children all their lives, so it’s a must to develop their social awareness and their sense of (independent). 【答案】independence 【详解】考查名词。句意：父母不可能陪伴孩子一生，所以培养他们的社会意识和独立意识是必须的。根据sense of可知，空处需填名词作宾语，independence作名词，表示“独立”，表示抽象含义是不可数名词。故填independence。 16．I don’t think you’re being straight me. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：我不认为你对我坦诚相待。分析句子可知，这里考查be straight with sb，表示“对某人坦诚相待”，为固定搭配。故填with。 17．Tom is influential and (rely) while Jack is just the opposite. 【答案】reliable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：汤姆很有影响力，也很可靠，而杰克恰恰相反。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，reliable表“可靠的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填reliable。 18．The wise will not rely medicine for keeping them healthy. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：智者不会依靠药物来保持健康。分析句子可知，这里考查rely on表“依靠”，为固定搭配，符合句意。故填on。 19．The plan might be prevented from （carry）out. 【答案】being carried 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：该计划可能无法实施。分析句子可知，介词from后应用动名词形式作宾语，且The plan与carry为被动关系，所以这里应用动名词的被动语态。故填being carried。 20．There is no reason to be (pessimism) about the future, because we are young enough to do everything. 【答案】pessimistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：没有理由对未来悲观，因为我们还年轻，可以做任何事情。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，pessimism的形容词形式是pessimistic意为“悲观的”。故填pessimistic。 三、根据汉语提示填单词 21．Studies show that spending too much time on social media can lead to (消极的) feelings about oneself. 【答案】negative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：研究表明，在社交媒体上花费太多时间会导致对自己的负面情绪。设空处使用形容词作定语，表示“消极的”用negative。故填negative。 22．Smartphones should be used as our tools rather than (主宰) our lives. 【答案】dominating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：智能手机应该被用作我们的工具，而不是主宰我们的生活。“主宰”用动词dominate，作介词短语rather than的宾语，用动名词形式dominating。故填dominating。 23．Many experts advocate （奖励）your child for good behaviour. 【答案】rewarding 【详解】考查动词。句意：很多专家提倡奖励孩子的好行为。advocate doing sth提倡做某事，“奖励”为reward。故填rewarding。 24．You’d better have your eyes (检查) in the hospital. 【答案】examined 【详解】考查非谓语分词。句意：你最好去医院检查一下你的眼睛。根据汉语提示“检查”可知使用examine的适当形式，your eyes与examine之间是被动关系，结合句型have sth. done“使某事被做”可知，应该用动词examine的过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填examined。 25．The PLA of China gains a reputation for its high standards of (自制力，纪律): the soldiers mustn’t take anything from the civilians. 【答案】discipline 【详解】考查名词。句意：中国人民解放军因其高标准的纪律而闻名：士兵们不得从平民那里拿取任何东西。根据汉语提示“自制力，纪律”，以及上文high standards of可知此处应填名词作of的宾语，且此处指军队的纪律性，应用名词discipline，不可数。故填discipline。 四、根据首字母提示填单词 26．I d the file by accident. I’m terribly sorry about that. 【答案】deleted/eleted 【详解】考查动词。句意：我不小心删除了该文件。我对此感到非常抱歉。此处应用动词delete“删除”，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填deleted。 27．The public made huge donations (捐赠) in r to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake. 【答案】response/esponse 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了响应为地震灾民募捐的呼吁，公众纷纷捐款。空处作in的宾语，结合“to the appeal”和首字母提示可推知，名词response“反应，响应”符合题意，固定短语in response to意为“作为……的回应”。故填response。 28．After months of isolation due to the pandemic, people were eager to restart p activities like going to the gym, playing sports, and engaging in outdoor adventures. 【答案】physical/hysical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于疫情隔离数月后，人们热切希望重新开始诸如去健身房、做运动和参与户外冒险等身体活动。根据首字母以及“like going to the gym, playing sports, and engaging in outdoor adventures”可知，去健身房、做运动和参与户外冒险等都是身体活动，所以用形容词physical“身体上的”，在句中作定语，修饰后面的名词。故填physical。 29．Using bicycles c gently to people`s physical fitness as well as easing traffic. 【答案】contributes/ontributes 【详解】考查动词时态、固定搭配和主谓一致。句意：骑自行车不仅轻微地有助于人们的身体健康，还能缓解交通拥堵。根据句意可知，此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。根据前后文语义和首字母提示可知，此处考查固定搭配contribute to“促成，有助于”，因为动名词Using bicycles作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填contributes。 30．She admitted having a her power as manager by giving jobs to her friends. 【答案】abused/bused 【详解】考查动词。句意：她承认自己滥用经理职权，给自己的朋友提供工作。根据句中的giving jobs to her friends可知，这里表示滥用职权，再结合首字母提示，这里应用及物动词abuse，且空前有having，这里应用过去分词，一起构成动名词的完成式。故填abused。 五、选词填空 rely on    act as    decide on    get involved in straight away    aside from    in response to 31．I decided not to put off studying and got up early every morning to get down to work . 32．With Mike our group leader, we had no trouble finishing the task ahead of time. 33． these two books, he has written some plays and film scripts. 34．We all need to saving energy whether it’s at work, at home, or at school. 35．Not everyone acts the same events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. 【答案】31．straight away 32．acting as 33．Aside from 34．get involved in 35．in response to 【解析】31．考查固定短语。句意：我决定不推迟学习，每天早上起得很早，然后马上开始工作。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语straight away作状语表示“马上”开始工作。故填straight away。 32．考查固定短语。句意：有迈克当我们的组长，我们毫不费力地提前完成了任务。分析句式结构可知，此处是with的复合结构，分析句意可知，此处用短语act as表示“充当”，又因为act和Mike之间是主动关系，所以用短语的现在分词形式作宾补。故填acting as。 33．考查固定短语。句意：除了这两本书，他还写了一些剧本和电影剧本。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语aside from表示“除……以外”，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填Aside from。 34．考查固定短语。句意：我们都需要参与到节约能源中来，无论是在工作中，在家里还是在学校。分析句意可知，此处用固定短语get involved in表示“参与”，再根据空格前的to可知，此处应该用动词原形形式。故填get involved in。 35．考查固定短语。句意：并不是每个人对事件的反应都是一样的，这就是为什么触发一个人的事情可能会触发另一个人，也可能不会。分析句意再根据空格后的events可知，此处用固定短语in response to表示对事件的“反应”。故填in response to。 六、七选五 Do you have difficulty falling asleep? Do you find it hard to sleep deeply? 36 Don’t worry, experts have offered you some tips on how to make yourself a sound sleeper. Make a schedule, and stick to it. Melatonin (褪黑素) is a hormone produced by the body to control when you get sleepy and when you wake up. To work well, the release of this hormone needs to occur at regular times. If your bedtime and wake-up time change from day to day or on weekends, your sleep rhythms will be unpredictable and the body won’t know how to respond. 37 Don’t lay in bed awake. The best sleep tip you can ever give somebody is get up — don’t lay in bed awake but not sleeping. 38 Because lying in bed awake can form a link in your brain that can lead to chronic insomnia (慢性失眠). Instead of being a restful spot where you peacefully fall asleep, your bed becomes an anxious place where you toss and turn and wake up tired. 39 Many people view sleeping as the final thing they have to do in a jam-packed day. It is worth postponing to catch up on housework, schoolwork, office work or the latest television series. This thinking needs to be changed. 40 Instead, see your sleep as the amount of time you need to set yourself up for a productive tomorrow. It may sound like a small change in thinking, but it’s an important one. A．Stay positive about sleep. B．For what is that so important? C．Change your attitude towards sleep. D．You may suffer from other sleeping problems. E．So it is necessary to form a good sleeping habit. F．Don’t see your sleep as the amount of time you have left in your day. G．Therefore, it’s important to have a standard wake-up time, even on weekends. 【答案】36．D 37．G 38．B 39．C 40．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要提出了一些有助于睡眠好的建议。 36．根据上文“Do you have difficulty falling asleep? Do you find it hard to sleep deeply?(你入睡困难吗？你是否难以深度睡眠？)”以及后文“Don’t worry, experts have offered you some tips on how to make yourself a sound sleeper.(别担心，专家们为你提供了一些让你睡得安稳的建议)”可知，本句列举了患有其他睡眠问题的情况。故D选项“你可能有其他睡眠问题”符合语境。故选D。 37．根据上文“If your bedtime and wake-up time change from day to day or on weekends, your sleep rhythms will be unpredictable and the body won’t know how to respond.(如果你的就寝时间和起床时间每天或周末都在变化，你的睡眠节奏将无法预测，身体将不知道如何做出反应)”可知，后文提到如果起床时间不固定的坏处。由此可知，本句表达周末也要和工作日一样有固定的起床时间。故G选项“因此，有一个标准的起床时间是很重要的，即使是在周末”符合语境。故选G。 38．根据上文“Don’t lay in bed awake. The best sleep tip you can ever give somebody is get up — don’t lay in bed awake but not sleeping.(不要醒着躺在床上。你能给别人的最好的睡眠建议就是起床——不要躺在床上不睡)”以及后文“Because lying in bed awake can form a link in your brain that can lead to chronic insomnia (慢性失眠).(因为醒着躺在床上会在你的大脑中形成一个链接，导致慢性失眠)”可知，上文建议不要醒着躺在床上，后文说明了原因。由此可知，本句属于过渡句，引出睡眠的重要性。B选项“这有什么重要的？”符合语境。故选B。 39．根据后文“Many people view sleeping as the final thing they have to do in a jam-packed day. It is worth postponing to catch up on housework, schoolwork, office work or the latest television series. This thinking needs to be changed.(许多人认为睡觉是他们在繁忙的一天中必须做的最后一件事。为了完成家务、功课、办公室工作或看最新的电视剧而推迟是值得的。这种想法需要改变)”可知，后文提到了想法需要改变，即作者建议大家要转变对睡眠的态度。故C选项“改变你对睡眠的态度”符合语境。故选C。 40．根据上文“Many people view sleeping as the final thing they have to do in a jam-packed day.(许多人认为睡觉是他们在繁忙的一天中必须做的最后一件事)”以及后文“Instead, see your sleep as the amount of time you need to set yourself up for a productive tomorrow.(相反，把你的睡眠看成是你为明天的高效工作所需要的时间)”可推测，此处作者强调不要把睡眠当作一天中剩余的时间。故F选项“不要把你的睡眠看成是你一天中剩下的时间”符合语境。故选F。 能力提升 一、阅读理解 A Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants — 72 healthy male and female adults — were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why? That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 1．What did the new study aim to explore? A．When exercise is best for learning. B．What biochemicals are good for health. C．How brainwaves should be measured. D．Which area of the brain is the most active. 2．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Train on bicycles. B．Do mathematics exercises. C．Play computer games. D．Watch films about nature. 3．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later? A．To do a medical examination. B．To have their memory tested. C．To get their workouts recorded. D．To finish their previous tasks. 4．What might the author’s marathon running prove? A．The findings of the study are reliable. B．Long-distance runners are often smart. C．Studies on the marathon are not enough. D．Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究——锻炼可以帮助刺激大脑将新信息转化为长期记忆的区域，以及进行锻炼以最大程度提高学习的最佳时间。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.(一项新的研究更进一步，找到了锻炼有助于最大化学习效果的最佳时间)”可知，新研究旨在探索什么时候锻炼最有利于学习。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries(测试后，所有受试者都观看了自然纪录片)”可知，实验要求所有受试者在实验过程中观看自然纪录片。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test(两天后，所有参与者返回实验室进行回忆测试)”可知，参与者两天后返回实验室是为了进行记忆测试。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.(我已经跑了足够多的马拉松来证明这样一个事实：在艰苦的锻炼过程中或之后，我的大脑一点也不敏锐)”可知，作者通过自己跑马拉松的经历证明，剧烈的锻炼可能不会使大脑变得敏锐。故选D项。 B It goes without saying that hard physical labor wears you out, but what about hard mental labor? “Influential theories suggested that fatigue (疲惫) is a sort of illusion cooked up by the brain to make us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a more gratifying activity,” says Mathias Pessiglione of Pitié-Salpêtrière University in Paris, France. “But our findings show that cognitive work results in a true functional transformation — accumulation of toxic substances — so fatigue would indeed be a signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve the integrity of brain functioning.” Pessiglione and colleagues wanted to understand what mental fatigue really is. They used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to monitor brain chemistry over the course of a workday. They studied two groups of people: those who needed to think hard and those who had relatively simple cognitive tasks. They saw signs of fatigue, only in the group doing hard mental work. Those in that group also exhibited in their choices a change toward options proposing rewards at short delay with minimal effort. Critically, they also had higher levels of glutamate (谷氨酸) in the brain’s prefrontal cortex (前额皮质). Together with earlier evidence, the scientists say it supports the hypothesis that glutamate accumulation makes further activation of the prefrontal cortex more costly, such that cognitive control is more difficult after a mentally tough workday. So, is there some way to overcome this limitation of our brain’s ability to think hard? “Not really, I’m afraid,” Pessiglione said. “I would employ good old recipes: rest and sleep! There is good evidence that glutamate is removed from the brain during sleep.” There may be other practical implications of the findings. For example, the researchers say, monitoring of prefrontal cortex could help to detect severe mental fatigue. Such an ability may help adjust work agendas to avoid burnout. Pessiglione also advises people to avoid making important decisions when they’re tired. 1．What does the underlined word “gratifying” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Relaxing. B．Complex. C．Temporary. D．Rewarding. 2．What does the group performing hard mental work exhibit in the study? A．Fewer signs of mental fatigue. B．Greater motivation and effort. C．Higher efficiency in complex tasks. D．Stronger preference for immediate rewards. 3．What do we know about glutamate accumulation? A．It causes a sense of peaceful mind. B．It enhances brain function in a limited way. C．It signals the brain is emptying its mental energy. D．It decreases the cost of prefrontal cortex activation. 4．What is Pessiglione’s advice for those overwhelmed by mentally demanding tasks? A．Remove them from the work agenda. B．Reduce the complexity of all cognitive tasks. C．Schedule strategic breaks to allow for recovery. D．Apply technology to monitoring the brain activity. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了脑力疲惫是什么，脑力疲惫产生时大脑皮层里会发生哪些变化，以及应该采取哪些措施来应对脑力疲惫。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Influential theories suggested that fatigue (疲惫) is a sort of illusion cooked up by the brain to make us stop whatever we are doing and turn to (有影响力的理论认为，疲劳是大脑制造的一种错觉，让我们停止正在做的事情，转而去做)”可推知，疲劳状态下我们会转而去做更为轻松的事，从而缓解疲劳，画线词意思应该是“愉快的，轻松的”。A. Relaxing令人放松的；B. Complex复杂的；C. Temporary短暂的；D. Rewarding有意义的。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They saw signs of fatigue, only in the group doing hard mental work. Those in that group also exhibited in their choices a change toward options proposing rewards at short delay with minimal effort. (他们看到了疲劳的迹象，只有在做艰苦脑力工作的那一组。这一组的人在他们的选择中也表现出了一种变化，即在最短的时间内以最小的努力获得奖励)”可知，在这项研究中，进行艰苦脑力劳动的那一组表现出更强烈的对即时奖励的偏好。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Together with earlier evidence, the scientists say it supports the hypothesis that glutamate accumulation makes further activation of the prefrontal cortex more costly, such that cognitive control is more difficult after a mentally tough workday. (结合之前的证据，科学家们说，这支持了一种假设，即谷氨酸的积累使进一步激活前额叶皮质的成本更高，因此在一个精神紧张的工作日后，认知控制更加困难)”可知，谷氨酸的积累会让认知控制更加困难，这意味着大脑的精神能量在耗尽。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“So, is there some way to overcome this limitation of our brain’s ability to think hard? “Not really, I’m afraid,” Pessiglione said. “I would employ good old recipes: rest and sleep! There is good evidence that glutamate is removed from the brain during sleep.” (那么，有没有办法克服我们大脑努力思考能力的限制呢？“恐怕没有，”Pessiglione说。“我会采用古老的良方：休息和睡眠！有充分的证据表明，睡眠时大脑中的谷氨酸会被清除。”)”可知，Pessiglione建议通过休息和睡眠来克服大脑的这一局限性，也就是安排战略性的休息时间来恢复精力。故选C项。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Earlier this August, Chinese skateboarder Zheng Haohao competed as the youngest athlete at the 2024 Paris Olympics at the age of 11. Behind Zheng’s debut is the growing number of Chinese youngsters participating in this niche sport, 1 made its Olympic Games debut at the 2021 Tokyo Games. The growing popularity of skateboarding and other sports activities in China, especially among the young people, often 2 (fuel) partly by the country’s promotion of public fitness. Promoting public fitness is 3 priority of China’s sports policy, according to a Xinhua think tank report titled “The Road to Becoming a Sports Powerhouse”. “China is striving to better meet the sports needs of different age groups and categories,” said the report 4 (author) by Xinhua Institute. In 2014, China elevated public fitness to a national strategy. By the end of 2023, the number of sports venues in China 5 (reach) nearly 4.6 million, with a total area of 4.07 billion square meters and a per capita area of 2.89 square meters. Besides skateboarding, other sports such as cycling, sport climbing and surfing, which were rather 6 (familiar) to most people, have become new 7 (attract) in China, not to mention sports like tennis, golf and snow skating that have already been well accepted by people in many parts of the country. Ni Jia, founder of a Shanghai-based bicycle shop, said her shop only sold two or three bikes per month on average in the past but the number surged to 70 to 80 in 2023, with prices 8 (range) from a few hundred yuan to tens of thousands of yuan. In response to the growing sports enthusiasm of the public, the government has promoted the coordinated development of recreational sports, 9 (compete) sports and the sports industry. China’s sports industry has expanded 10 an average annual rate of over 10 percent in the past decade, according to the think tank report. 【答案】 1．which 2．is fueled/is fuelled 3．a 4．authored 5．had reached 6．unfamiliar 7．attractions 8．ranging 9．competitive 10．at 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了各种体育运动在中国的流行及其发展。 1．考查定语从句。句意：它于2021年东京奥运会上首次亮相。空处引导定语从句，先行词为 sport，从句中 made前缺少主语，且空前有逗号，应用关系代词 which 当引导词。故填 which。 2．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：滑板等体育活动在中国越来越受欢迎，尤其是在年轻人中，这在一定程度上要归功于国家对全民健身的推动。空处作句子的谓语，fuel“推动”和主语 The growing popularity之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；且根据句中的 often 可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语 popularity为单数，助动词用 is。故填 is fueled/ is fuelled。 3．考查冠词。句意：新华社智库报告《体育强国之路》称，促进全民健身是中国体育政策的优先事项。此处表泛指，指“一件优先考虑的事”，priority为辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 故填a。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：新华社研究院在报告中表示：“中国正努力更好地满足不同年龄段和不同群体的体育需求。”空处作 the report的后置定语，author“撰写”和 the report之间是被动关系，应用 author的过去分词形式。故填 authored。 5．考查动词时态。句意：截至2023年年底，中国的体育设施数量已达到近460万个，总面积达40.7亿平方米，人均面积达2.89平方米。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为 By the end of 2023，时态应用过去完成时。故填 had reached。 6．考查形容词。句意：除了滑板运动外，例如自行车、攀岩和冲浪等其他运动，在过去对大多数人来说比较陌生，如今已经在中国成为新的受欢迎的事物，更不用说像网球、高尔夫和滑雪等已经在很多地方被广泛接受的运动了。根据下文“新的受欢迎的事物”以及“被广泛接受的运动”可知这些运动在过去不为人所熟知，现在成了新的热点，be unfamiliar to...表示“不为……熟知”。故填 unfamiliar。 7．考查名词复数。句意：除了滑板运动外，例如自行车、攀岩和冲浪等其他运动，在过去对大多数人来说比较陌生，如今已经在中国成为新的受欢迎的事物，更不用说像网球、高尔夫和滑雪等已经在很多地方被广泛接受的运动了。空处作 become 的宾语，attraction“吸引人的事物”为可数名词，且空前无冠词及其他成分，应用复数形式。故填 attractions。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：上海一家自行车店的创始人表示，过去她的店平均每月只卖出两三辆自行车，但在2023年，这一数字激增至七八十辆，价格从几百元到数万元不等。空处作 prices 的宾语补足语，range 和 prices 之间是主动关系,应用 range“变动”的现在分词形式。故填 ranging。 9．考查形容词。句意：针对公众日益高涨的运动热情，政府推动了休闲运动、竞技运动和体育产业的协调发展。空处修饰 sports, compete的形容词形式 competitive符合题意，意为“竞技的”。故填 competitive。 10．考查介词。句意：据智库报告称，在过去十年中，中国的体育产业以年均超过10%的增速扩张。at a rate of...意为“以……的速率”，是固定搭配。故填 at。 三、书信写作 请你写一篇短文向校英文报“Sports and Health”栏目投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动，激发同学们的运动热情，内容包括： 1．介绍这项运动：2．说明推荐理由：3．温馨提示。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Stand up and Exercise, Everybody! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Stand Up and Exercise, Everybody!      Regular exercise is part of a healthy life. It’s my honor to recommend long-distance running to you, which has a lot of benefits.       Running will help you get fit and prevent diseases. Like any exercise, it increases the flow of blood and oxygen to your brain. At the same time, it’s good for your eyes after a whole day of study. It also strengthens your immune system and reduces the risk of health problems. What’s more, if you feel down, going for a run can cheer yourself up.       If you’re new to running, here are some tips for you — a pair of good running shoes is necessary. It’s important to warm up and cool down properly before and after running. 【导语】本篇书面表达是应用文。请考生为校英文报“Sports and Health”栏目写一篇文章投稿，向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动，旨在激发同学们的运动热情。其内容包括：介绍这项运动、说明推荐理由和温馨提示。 【详解】1.词汇积累 帮助：help→assist 同时：at the same time→meanwhile 减少：reduce→lessen 重要的：important→significant 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： It’s important to warm up and cool down properly before and after running. 拓展句： It’s important that you (should) warm up and cool down properly before and after running. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s my honor to recommend long-distance running to you, which has a lot of benefits.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】What’s more, if you feel down, going for a run can cheer yourself up.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 2 / 18 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$