Unit 1 Nature in the balance 【单元卷•测试卷】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020必修第三册）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 __________ Unit 1 Nature in the balance 测试卷 (时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), hundreds of marine (海洋的) species across the world come under endangered and critically endangered categories. Some of the endangered and recognizable marine species are named here. Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle The Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle, also known as the Atlantic Ridley Sea Turtle, is endangered as the rarest and smallest sea turtle. Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year. As marine reptiles (爬行动物), they are threatened by oil spills, lack of food and marine pollution. Vaquita As a rare marine mammal, Vaquita is on the edge of extinction only a half-century after its first sighting. Extensive fishing in the Gulf of California has endangered this marine species, resulting in a gradual drop in population since the 1940s. According to reports, there are only a dozen of these marine mammals left in the world since the percentage of decline in their population was as much as 90% since 2011. Whale Fin Whale is the second-largest mammal on the planet after Blue Whale and it is also a victim of hunting. According to estimates, the global population of Fin Whale ranges from below 100,000 to around 119,000. Humpback Whale, another whale species, has also been listed as an endangered marine species. Before the introduction of the whaling moratorium (暂停) in 1966, the species was hunted for its fur, while the population dropped by 90%. Currently, around 2,500 Humpback Whales survive in the world. Hawaiian Monk Seal A native of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian Monk Seal is one of the earless seals who live on warm beaches, unlike other seals. According to recent research, only 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals remain on the Islands. These seals are mainly threatened by predators like tiger sharks. Besides, other reasons like habitat loss and food limitation also contribute to their critical situation. 1．Why do Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles land on the beach in large groups? A．To nest. B．To reproduce. C．To avoid attack. D．To hunt foods. 2．What is the major threat to Hawaiian Monk Seal? A．Global warming.B．Lack of food. C．Natural enemies. D．Habitat pollution. 3．Which of the following is the most critically endangered species? A．Vaquita. B．Fin Whale. C．Humpback Whale. D．Hawaiian Monk Seal. B Sandhill cranes circled around our bird blind, a converted shipping container set into the riverbank, and dropped out of the sky in groups, landing gently in the Platte River in central Nebraska. “It looks like one big mass of birds,” explained our guide from a conservation group called Crane Trust. “But they actually stay in family groups for their entire migration.” “How do they keep track of their mates?” I asked. “They look alike to us, but I bet they look different to each other,” replied a woman in a green coat. I turned away from the birds to study her face. She had wide-set eyes, a ski-jump nose, and short gray hair. Was she the same woman I was chatting with on the van ride here? To my eye, humans are nearly as interchangeable as cranes. I have a neurological disorder known as face blindness. As a kid, I couldn’t seem to make any friends. I’d hit it off with someone one day and then treat them like a stranger the next. My classmates thought that I was weirdly (古怪地) hot and cold. In college I abruptly switched strategies — from treating everyone like a stranger to treating everyone like a friend. It was, I thought, a major improvement. This is also true for the sandhill cranes. When humans replaced wetlands with farmlands, the birds adapted their diet to include crops like corn. The sandhill cranes, however, are uncompromising in at least one regard: They need wide, shallow waterways to roost in — and that’s why, during much of the year, the Crane Trust staff move young trees and prevent shrubbery (灌木) from rooting along the riverbanks. As a result, sandhill crane populations have been steadily increasing every year. Still curious about the cranes, I skimmed a few papers and discovered that cranes probably do look alike, even to each other. But their calls are distinctive. This is how cranes keep track of their family members throughout their migration — not with their eyes but their ears. 4．What can be learned about the bird watching? A．It was done in a hilly setting. B．It was focused on crane migration. C．It was conducted with facial recognition. D．It was guided by a conservationist. 5．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 5? A．Her college life. B．Her classmates’ opinions. C．Her childhood adventures. D．Her changing social strategies. 6．What is a primary reason for the increasing population of sandhill cranes? A．The expansion of wetlands. B．The variety of food sources. C．The maintenance of habitats. D．The reduction of predators. 7．What does the last paragraph serve as? A．A clarification of how cranes identify each other. B．An explanation of cranes’ physical differences. C．A comparison of cranes’ vision and hearing. D．A description of cranes’ migration patterns. C Orangutan (红毛猩猩) calls have a complex structure that was thought to be unique to human language. Short sequences are nested inside longer sequences, much like the way we make long sentences from shorter phrases. Adriano Lameira at the University of Warwick in Coventry, UK, and his colleagues studied wild Bornean orangutans in Indonesian Borneo. They recorded long calls. “They are advertisement calls,” says Lameira. “They take the form of ‘ooo ooo ooo’.” Lameira wanted to understand the rhythm (节奏) of the calls. But this proved knotty. “We were having difficulties,” he says, because the tempo varied dramatically during each long call: Fast bursts of short “ooo” sounds were mixed with longer, slower “ooo” sounds, he says. Closer analysis revealed that the middle of each long call had a regular tempo of long “ooo” sounds, but the beginning and end had bursts of shorter “ooo” sounds. Crucially, the shorter sequences were nested inside longer sequences. This is similar to a feature of human language called recursion (递归) . We can create complex sentences by nesting an extra phrase in the middle of a sentence, as with: “The dog, which ran after the cat, was barking”. The orangutans’ long calls had a similar recursive structure. Previously, researchers have failed to find evidence of recursion in the calls of apes, monkeys or other animals. The closest anyone has come is training animals to recognise recursion — but this isn’t the same as observing wild animals actually making recursive calls. Recursion seemed unique to humans. Lameira says previous searches for recursive calls were unsuccessful because they asked too much of their animal subjects. Humans use recursion to create new and complex meanings, and researchers had looked for animals that do the same. But they seem not to. His team’s analysis didn’t look at the meaning of the calls at all. “It was a pure structural analysis,” he says. Lameira emphasizes that there is no evidence the orangutans are encoding complex meanings in their long calls. It may be that the recursive complexity is simply a form of showing off that is similar to birdsong, which can be incredibly complicated. 8．What does the underlined word “knotty” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Funny. B．Worthy. C．Crazy. D．Tricky. 9．How did the author explain the recursive structure? A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing samples. C．By conducting analysis. D．By telling stories. 10．Why did the previous searches for recursive calls fail? A．The researchers didn’t make enough analyses. B．The researchers chose the wrong animal subjects. C．The researchers neglected the calls of the animals. D．The researchers didn’t find a proper animal subject. 11．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Secret of Orangutan’s Language B．Researchers Devote to Protect Orangutan C．Orangutan Can Communicate Like Human D．Orangutan Calls Have a Recursive Structure D It seems that there is no middle ground when it comes to cats. People either love them or hate them. These feelings are not new either. All through history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient evidence indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets. This may not seem very long compared to the fact that dogs have been domesticated for 50,000 years, and it has definitely had its high and low points. Cats were at their highest position of domesticated life in ancient Egypt. There were more cats living in Egypt during the time of the pharaohs (法老) than in any other place in the world since that time. This high concentration of cats was probably due to the laws protecting the animal. Cats were associated with the moon goddess, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals. If anyone was caught killing a cat, the person could be put to death. This respect for cats carried over to the Roman Empire where cats were the only animals allowed into temples. This fact was probably due to the ability of cats to keep the temples free of mice and rats. With the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in society took a turn for the worse. Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person. The cat would be tortured (拷问) to try and make the person tell the truth, and usually the cat and the person would end up being burned in a bonfire (篝火) or drowned. Bonfires of collected cats were not uncommon during this time. The days of hunting witches have ended, but a few myths about cats still hold out. Many people today continue to believe that black cats are bad luck. If a black cat walks in front of a person, that person must take extra care in the near future to watch out for dangerous situations. Regardless superstition (迷信), cats remain a popular pet today. Some authorities on cats maintain that a cat can never truly be domesticated because it may turn wild and run away at any time. However, this claim has not discouraged people from keeping cats in their homes. One-third of homes in the United States have cats, and one out of every three of these homes keeps both a dog and a cat. Especially in large cities, many people in apartments have found that cats make much better pets when compared to dogs. 12．Why were cats highly respected in ancient Egypt? A．Because they were excellent hunters of mice and rats. B．Because they were associated with the moon goddess. C．Because they were the only animals allowed into temples. D．Because they had a high concentration in Egypt. 13．What happened to cats during the Dark Ages in Europe? A．Cats were often treated as witnesses in witch trials. B．Cats were often put on trial with accused witches. C．Cats were innocent and protected from harm. D．Cats were considered unlucky and subject to punishment. 14．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．More people prefer dogs over cats as their pets nowadays. B．People are not influenced by superstition when choosing pets. C．Cats are becoming less popular as other pets in urban areas. D．All families in the United States have at least one cat. 15．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Cats’ relationship with humans throughout history. B．The scientific evidence to support the domestication of cats. C．People’s mixed feelings about cats among different countries. D．The challenges faced by cat owners in modern cities. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Whether you’re an experienced dog handler or a little careful about dogs, it can be difficult to read a dog’s complex language. How do you know if the dog wants to greet you or tell you to back off? 16 A content and relaxed dog will have its ears up (not forward) and head high. 17 Your relaxed dog’s mouth opens slightly with tongue exposed. If you are still unsure of whether to approach, go slowly and make no sudden moves. Don’t make too much eye contact and slowly extend the back of your hand for the dog to sniff (嗅) first before patting. After this welcome interaction, dogs may raise their tails and lower front paws (爪子). 18 This position will be held briefly before they rush off in random directions to get you to chase and to play with them. They stick out their tongues. Their ears will be up. This is your chance to have a run with your partner. 19 They show more teeth, bark more loudly and hide the tails between their legs. They are ready to attack when annoyed. Be careful of these unusual gestures. These signals are expressed as they directly face their source of “threat”. A dog that is under social or environmental stress will pace about with the tail down, the body lowered and ears back. Its breath will also be rapid with eyes expanded. 20 In this case, try to work out the source of its stress. If you can’t change that right away, a calming massage (按摩) will help. A．Although a happy dog will have its tail high, a relaxed dog’s tail will be hanging. B．The following is a handy dog body language guide. C．And it may leave sweat marks from its feet. D．The moods can be judged from their tails. E．This means it is playtime! F．Keep your voice low and calm. G．Sometimes dogs behave in an angry and violent way. 第二部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals as their career. Even fewer will be 21 by the whole world, enjoying the title of United Nations Messenger(使者) of Peace. But one woman has 22 all that. She has lived with chimps in the African forest for many years and made great discoveries. Jane Goodall’s lifelong 23 in animals began at an early age. By the age of 10 or 11, Goodall 24 going to Africa to live with animals. This was quite a strange dream in those days, as young girls didn’t think of having such “wild” actions. But she was 25 by her mother. She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of 26 and never give up looking for a way. When a close friend invited Goodall to Kenya in 1957, she readily 27 　it. Within a few months of her arrival, she met the famous anthropologist(人类学家) Dr Louis Leakey, who soon decided that Goodall was the 28 person he was looking for to begin a 29 of wild chimps on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania. In the beginning, studying the chimps was not easy for her. The animals fled from her 30 . With a strong 31 , she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimps too soon. Gradually the chimps became used to her presence. In October 1960, she observed a chimp making and using 32 to fish for termites(白蚁). This discovery threw 33 on the popular idea at the time that man was the world’s only toolmaker. The longer Goodall’s research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimps are very 34 to humans. Since the mid-1980s, Goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise people’s sense about environmental 35 . “ Let’s live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love.” she said. 21．A．recognised B．known C．accepted D．admitted 22．A．done B．proved C．achieved D．realised 23．A．study B．interest C．sense D．dream 24．A．was fond of B．was tired of C．insisted on D．dreamed of 25．A．encouraged B．prevented C．advised D．forced 26．A．knowledge B．youth C．hope D．chances 27．A．accepted B．refused C．received D．considered 28．A．only B．last C．special D．first 29．A．project B．study C．centre D．career 30．A．in surprise B．in a hurry C．as expected D．in fear 31．A．will B．body C．desire D．mind 32．A．nets B．tools C．holes D．spoons 33．A．doubt B．light C．questions D．beliefs 34．A．close B．similar C．friendly D．helpful 35．A．improvement B．protection C．pollution D．destruction\ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Satellite images reveal four new emperor penguin colonies (企鹅群落) in Antarctica. The emperor penguins’ breeding and chick-raising rely 36 (heavy) on stable sea ice. However, the stable sea ice 37 (decrease) and become increasingly not 38 (depend) in recent years. So 39 unstable sea ice in Antarctica has some emperor penguins on the move. Several colonies have already moved some 25 miles in search of stable breeding grounds. On January 24, 2024, the British Antarctic Survey said scientists 40 (use) satellite imagery with the purpose of looking for the new breeding grounds, were surprised 41 (find) four previously undiscovered colonies. How did they find these colonies? The answer is by seeing the penguins’ brown poop (粪便) stains in the white snow. Besides the four new colonies, the scientists also rediscovered a colony, 42 was considered to have disappeared. The Brunt Ice Shelf calving destroyed a group of emperor penguins’ colony. And now they’ve relocated this colony 18 miles east near the MacDonald Ice Rumples. So, this rediscovery plus the four new 43 (discovery) make 66 known emperor penguin colonies. Emperor penguins make the colonies all around the edges of the Antarctic continent. Penguins breed and raise to find chicks on floating ice 44 (connect) to land. These are not easy areas 45 humans to access, so scientists monitor the penguins with the help of satellite images. Antarctica is a white, frozen world, and the penguins’ brown poop makes an evident contrast to the icy landscape. So the patches of brown reveal the penguins’ presence. 第三节词汇填空(共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分) 请认真阅读下列各题，根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 46．It was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many (种类) of dialects and characters. 47．They have formed an organization to protect endangered (物种). 48．She s the earthquake that damaged the city, but lost her entire family. 49．In 2019, the Mekong River experienced its lowest water level since records began because of (干旱). 50．The concert hall has also introduced a new (官方的) website. 51．His (申请) for membership of the organization was turned down. 52．In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be (回收) for later use. 53．The problems of traffic jam will not d (消失) in a hurry. 54．Famous companies should care more about quality than (利润). 55．Life isn’t about how to (幸存); it’s about learning to dance in the rain. 第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节应用文写作(满分15分) 假设你是晨光中学的李津。学生会将举办一年一度的英语演讲比赛，本年度的主题为“Animals in Danger”。请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇发言稿。 1. 介绍一种濒危动物的基本情况； 2. 说明该濒危动物的现状； 3. 呼吁人们保护濒危动物。 注意： 1. 词数：不少于100词； 2. 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 发言稿的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节读后续写(满分20分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The sun was hardly up that Christmas morning, so most of the light in the living room came from the little lights on the tree. I’d gotten up early to plug it in (接通电源) and bring a little extra magic into the house before my daughter walked down the stairs to open her gifts. Gifts had been placed around the base of the tree, under the bottom row of branches, for about a month. Rufus, our senior dog we’d adopted (收养) twelve years ago, hadn’t so much as sniffed (嗅) at them. That morning was different, though, because he watched as my daughter tore the paper off her presents, threw it aside, and cheered at what she found. Next, it was my husband’s turn. He opened his gifts more carefully than our daughter had. Then it was my turn to open the gift. Then it was time for Rufus’s gift. We were excited to give it to him. It was a new, extra-large bed where he could sleep and rest. He’d been such a wonderful boy for all these years, eager to please, loyal, protective but friendly... He deserved (值得) a nice bed upgrade. We’d taken our time picking that bed out as a family. The colors needed to match the living room because that was the room it’d be in. Rufus was quite like a gentleman. From the first week we had him, he’d run through the house with a bone hanging from the side of his mouth like a pipe. If he’d been a human, he’d have spent most of his time in his study, surrounded by leather, books, and shiny strong wood furniture. So we bought the bed that was the perfect match for the living room, his age, and his personality. We didn’t pack it up in Christmas paper like the other gifts. We just brought it downstairs and lay it in front of him, expecting him to check it out for a few seconds and then jump up, settle in, and almost immediately start snoring (打鼾) on the soft bed. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 However, Rufus had other plans. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rufus had followed the rules and done what everyone else did. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 11 / 11 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 __________ Unit 1 Nature in the balance 测试卷 (时间：100分钟，满分：120分) 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), hundreds of marine (海洋的) species across the world come under endangered and critically endangered categories. Some of the endangered and recognizable marine species are named here. Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle The Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle, also known as the Atlantic Ridley Sea Turtle, is endangered as the rarest and smallest sea turtle. Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year. As marine reptiles (爬行动物), they are threatened by oil spills, lack of food and marine pollution. Vaquita As a rare marine mammal, Vaquita is on the edge of extinction only a half-century after its first sighting. Extensive fishing in the Gulf of California has endangered this marine species, resulting in a gradual drop in population since the 1940s. According to reports, there are only a dozen of these marine mammals left in the world since the percentage of decline in their population was as much as 90% since 2011. Whale Fin Whale is the second-largest mammal on the planet after Blue Whale and it is also a victim of hunting. According to estimates, the global population of Fin Whale ranges from below 100,000 to around 119,000. Humpback Whale, another whale species, has also been listed as an endangered marine species. Before the introduction of the whaling moratorium (暂停) in 1966, the species was hunted for its fur, while the population dropped by 90%. Currently, around 2,500 Humpback Whales survive in the world. Hawaiian Monk Seal A native of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian Monk Seal is one of the earless seals who live on warm beaches, unlike other seals. According to recent research, only 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals remain on the Islands. These seals are mainly threatened by predators like tiger sharks. Besides, other reasons like habitat loss and food limitation also contribute to their critical situation. 1．Why do Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtles land on the beach in large groups? A．To nest. B．To reproduce. C．To avoid attack. D．To hunt foods. 2．What is the major threat to Hawaiian Monk Seal? A．Global warming.B．Lack of food. C．Natural enemies. D．Habitat pollution. 3．Which of the following is the most critically endangered species? A．Vaquita. B．Fin Whale. C．Humpback Whale. D．Hawaiian Monk Seal. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些濒临灭绝的海洋物种的情况，旨在引起人们对海洋生物保护的关注。 1．细节理解题。根据Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle下面第二段的“Distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and U. S. Atlantic seaboard, they gather off the coast in northeastern Mexico and come ashore in large groups to lay eggs every year.(它们分布在墨西哥湾和美国大西洋沿岸，每年都会聚集在墨西哥东北部海岸，成群结队地上岸产卵)”可知，该地的海龟成群结队来到海滩上是为了繁衍后代。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“According to recent research, only 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals remain on the Islands. These seals are mainly threatened by predators like tiger sharks. Besides, other reasons like habitat loss and food limitation also contribute to their critical situation.(根据最近的研究，岛上只剩下1400只夏威夷蒙克海豹。这些海豹主要受到虎鲨等捕食者的威胁。此外，栖息地丧失和食物限制等其他原因也导致了它们的危急状况) ”可知，夏威夷蒙克海豹的主要威胁来自于它们的天敌。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据Vaquita下面第二段的“According to reports, there are only a dozen of these marine mammals left in the world since the percentage of decline in their population was as much as 90% since 2011.(据报道，自2011年以来，这些海洋哺乳动物的数量下降了90%，现在世界上只剩下十几只)”可知，Vaquita是最濒危的物种。故选A。 B Sandhill cranes circled around our bird blind, a converted shipping container set into the riverbank, and dropped out of the sky in groups, landing gently in the Platte River in central Nebraska. “It looks like one big mass of birds,” explained our guide from a conservation group called Crane Trust. “But they actually stay in family groups for their entire migration.” “How do they keep track of their mates?” I asked. “They look alike to us, but I bet they look different to each other,” replied a woman in a green coat. I turned away from the birds to study her face. She had wide-set eyes, a ski-jump nose, and short gray hair. Was she the same woman I was chatting with on the van ride here? To my eye, humans are nearly as interchangeable as cranes. I have a neurological disorder known as face blindness. As a kid, I couldn’t seem to make any friends. I’d hit it off with someone one day and then treat them like a stranger the next. My classmates thought that I was weirdly (古怪地) hot and cold. In college I abruptly switched strategies — from treating everyone like a stranger to treating everyone like a friend. It was, I thought, a major improvement. This is also true for the sandhill cranes. When humans replaced wetlands with farmlands, the birds adapted their diet to include crops like corn. The sandhill cranes, however, are uncompromising in at least one regard: They need wide, shallow waterways to roost in — and that’s why, during much of the year, the Crane Trust staff move young trees and prevent shrubbery (灌木) from rooting along the riverbanks. As a result, sandhill crane populations have been steadily increasing every year. Still curious about the cranes, I skimmed a few papers and discovered that cranes probably do look alike, even to each other. But their calls are distinctive. This is how cranes keep track of their family members throughout their migration — not with their eyes but their ears. 4．What can be learned about the bird watching? A．It was done in a hilly setting. B．It was focused on crane migration. C．It was conducted with facial recognition. D．It was guided by a conservationist. 5．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 5? A．Her college life. B．Her classmates’ opinions. C．Her childhood adventures. D．Her changing social strategies. 6．What is a primary reason for the increasing population of sandhill cranes? A．The expansion of wetlands. B．The variety of food sources. C．The maintenance of habitats. D．The reduction of predators. 7．What does the last paragraph serve as? A．A clarification of how cranes identify each other. B．An explanation of cranes’ physical differences. C．A comparison of cranes’ vision and hearing. D．A description of cranes’ migration patterns. 【答案】4．D 5．D 6．C 7．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在内布拉斯加州普拉特河观察沙丘鹤的经历，重点介绍了这些鸟类的独特行为和适应能力。这位有脸盲症的叙述者反思了他们识别人的困难，并将其与鹤在视觉上区分彼此的困难进行了类比。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段““It looks like one big mass of birds,” explained our guide from a conservation group called Crane Trust. “But they actually stay in family groups for their entire migration.”(‘它看起来像一大群鸟，’我们的导游解释说，他来自一个名为Crane Trust的保护组织。‘但在整个迁徙过程中，它们实际上都是在家庭群体中度过的。’)”可知，这次观鸟活动是在一个自然环境保护主义者的带领下进行的。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据第五段“As a kid, I couldn’t seem to make any friends. I’d hit it off with someone one day and then treat them like a stranger the next. My classmates thought that I was weirdly (古怪地) hot and cold. In college I abruptly switched strategies — from treating everyone like a stranger to treating everyone like a friend. It was, I thought, a major improvement.(小时候，我似乎交不到任何朋友。我今天和某人很合得来，第二天就把他们当陌生人看待。我的同学们都觉得我冷热得奇怪。在大学里，我突然改变了策略——从把每个人都当成陌生人，变成把每个人都当成朋友。我认为这是一个很大的进步。)”可知，作者在第五段主要讲了她变化的社交策略。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The sandhill cranes, however, are uncompromising in at least one regard: They need wide, shallow waterways to roost in — and that’s why, during much of the year, the Crane Trust staff move young trees and prevent shrubbery (灌木) from rooting along the riverbanks. As a result, sandhill crane populations have been steadily increasing every year.(然而，沙丘鹤至少在一个方面是不妥协的：它们需要宽阔、浅的水道栖息——这就是为什么在一年中的大部分时间里，Crane Trust的工作人员会移走小树，防止灌木沿着河岸扎根。因此，沙丘鹤的数量每年都在稳步增长。)”可推知，沙丘鹤数量增加的主要原因是栖息地的维护。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still curious about the cranes, I skimmed a few papers and discovered that cranes probably do look alike, even to each other. But their calls are distinctive. This is how cranes keep track of their family members throughout their migration—not with their eyes but their ears.(出于对鹤的好奇，我浏览了几篇论文，发现鹤可能确实长得很像，甚至彼此之间也很像。但它们的叫声很独特。这就是鹤在迁徙过程中追踪家人的方式——不是用眼睛，而是用耳朵。)”可推知，最后一段的作用是阐明鹤是如何识别彼此的。故选A项。 C Orangutan (红毛猩猩) calls have a complex structure that was thought to be unique to human language. Short sequences are nested inside longer sequences, much like the way we make long sentences from shorter phrases. Adriano Lameira at the University of Warwick in Coventry, UK, and his colleagues studied wild Bornean orangutans in Indonesian Borneo. They recorded long calls. “They are advertisement calls,” says Lameira. “They take the form of ‘ooo ooo ooo’.” Lameira wanted to understand the rhythm (节奏) of the calls. But this proved knotty. “We were having difficulties,” he says, because the tempo varied dramatically during each long call: Fast bursts of short “ooo” sounds were mixed with longer, slower “ooo” sounds, he says. Closer analysis revealed that the middle of each long call had a regular tempo of long “ooo” sounds, but the beginning and end had bursts of shorter “ooo” sounds. Crucially, the shorter sequences were nested inside longer sequences. This is similar to a feature of human language called recursion (递归) . We can create complex sentences by nesting an extra phrase in the middle of a sentence, as with: “The dog, which ran after the cat, was barking”. The orangutans’ long calls had a similar recursive structure. Previously, researchers have failed to find evidence of recursion in the calls of apes, monkeys or other animals. The closest anyone has come is training animals to recognise recursion — but this isn’t the same as observing wild animals actually making recursive calls. Recursion seemed unique to humans. Lameira says previous searches for recursive calls were unsuccessful because they asked too much of their animal subjects. Humans use recursion to create new and complex meanings, and researchers had looked for animals that do the same. But they seem not to. His team’s analysis didn’t look at the meaning of the calls at all. “It was a pure structural analysis,” he says. Lameira emphasizes that there is no evidence the orangutans are encoding complex meanings in their long calls. It may be that the recursive complexity is simply a form of showing off that is similar to birdsong, which can be incredibly complicated. 8．What does the underlined word “knotty” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Funny. B．Worthy. C．Crazy. D．Tricky. 9．How did the author explain the recursive structure? A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing samples. C．By conducting analysis. D．By telling stories. 10．Why did the previous searches for recursive calls fail? A．The researchers didn’t make enough analyses. B．The researchers chose the wrong animal subjects. C．The researchers neglected the calls of the animals. D．The researchers didn’t find a proper animal subject. 11．What is the best title of the passage? A．The Secret of Orangutan’s Language B．Researchers Devote to Protect Orangutan C．Orangutan Can Communicate Like Human D．Orangutan Calls Have a Recursive Structure 【答案】8．D 9．A 10．C 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了关于红毛猩猩叫声结构的研究发现，研究人员通过研究发现红毛猩猩的叫声展现了类人猿中类似人类递归语言的复杂结构。 8．词句猜测题。根据第三段中划线词上文“Lameira wanted to understand the rhythm (节奏) of the calls(Lameira想要了解这些叫声的节奏)”以及下文 ““We were having difficulties,” he says, because the tempo varied dramatically during each long call: Fast bursts of short “ooo” sounds were mixed with longer, slower “ooo” sounds, he says.(‘我们遇到了困难，’他说，因为每次长呼叫的节奏变化很大：快速爆发的短‘ooo’声音与长而慢的‘ooo’声音混合在一起。)”可知，Lameira想要了解这些叫声的节奏，但是他说“我们遇到了困难”，因为在每次长叫唤中，节奏变化很大，快节奏和慢节奏混合在一起。由此可知，理解这些叫声的结构很难，划线词knotty意为“棘手的，难对付的”，与D选项“Tricky.(棘手的)”为同义词。故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据第四段中“We can create complex sentences by nesting an extra phrase in the middle of a sentence, as with: “The dog, which ran after the cat, was barking”. The orangutans’ long calls had a similar recursive structure.( 我们可以通过在句子中间嵌套一个额外的短语来创建复杂的句子，比如：‘狗在追猫，狗在叫’。猩猩的长叫声也有类似的递归结构。)”可知，此处以举例的方式来说明递归结构，然后指出红毛猩猩的长叫唤也有类似的递归结构。由此可知，作者是通过举例子来解释递归结构。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Lameira says previous searches for recursive calls were unsuccessful because they asked too much of their animal subjects. Humans use recursion to create new and complex meanings, and researchers had looked for animals that do the same. But they seem not to. His team’s analysis didn’t look at the meaning of the calls at all. “It was a pure structural analysis,” he says.(Lameira说，之前对递归呼叫的研究都没有成功，因为他们对动物实验对象要求太多。人类使用递归来创造新的和复杂的含义，研究人员也在寻找具有同样功能的动物。但他们似乎没有。他的团队的分析根本没有考虑这些呼叫的含义。‘这是一个纯粹的结构分析，’他说。)”可知，Lameira说，之前寻找递归呼叫的尝试失败了，是因为他们对动物实验对象的要求太高了。而且他的团队的分析根本没有考虑这些呼叫的含义。由此可知，之前寻找递归呼叫失败的原因是研究人员忽视了动物的叫声。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Orangutan (红毛猩猩) calls have a complex structure that was thought to be unique to human language. Short sequences are nested inside longer sequences, much like the way we make long sentences from shorter phrases.( 红毛猩猩的叫声具有复杂的结构，这种结构曾被认为是人类语言所独有的。短序列嵌套在长序列中，就像我们用短语组成长句的方式一样。)”以及第四段“Closer analysis revealed that the middle of each long call had a regular tempo of long “ooo” sounds, but the beginning and end had bursts of shorter “ooo” sounds. Crucially, the shorter sequences were nested inside longer sequences. This is similar to a feature of human language called recursion (递归).( 更细致的分析发现，每个长叫声的中间部分都有规律的长‘ooo’声的节奏，但开头和结尾都有一连串较短的‘ooo’声。关键的是，短序列嵌套在长序列中。这与人类语言中的一个特征相似，称为递归。)”可知，文章主要介绍了红毛猩猩的叫声具有递归结构。由此可知，D选项“Orangutan Calls Have a Recursive Structure(红毛猩猩的叫声具有递归结构)”最符合文章标题。故选D。 D It seems that there is no middle ground when it comes to cats. People either love them or hate them. These feelings are not new either. All through history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient evidence indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets. This may not seem very long compared to the fact that dogs have been domesticated for 50,000 years, and it has definitely had its high and low points. Cats were at their highest position of domesticated life in ancient Egypt. There were more cats living in Egypt during the time of the pharaohs (法老) than in any other place in the world since that time. This high concentration of cats was probably due to the laws protecting the animal. Cats were associated with the moon goddess, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals. If anyone was caught killing a cat, the person could be put to death. This respect for cats carried over to the Roman Empire where cats were the only animals allowed into temples. This fact was probably due to the ability of cats to keep the temples free of mice and rats. With the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in society took a turn for the worse. Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person. The cat would be tortured (拷问) to try and make the person tell the truth, and usually the cat and the person would end up being burned in a bonfire (篝火) or drowned. Bonfires of collected cats were not uncommon during this time. The days of hunting witches have ended, but a few myths about cats still hold out. Many people today continue to believe that black cats are bad luck. If a black cat walks in front of a person, that person must take extra care in the near future to watch out for dangerous situations. Regardless superstition (迷信), cats remain a popular pet today. Some authorities on cats maintain that a cat can never truly be domesticated because it may turn wild and run away at any time. However, this claim has not discouraged people from keeping cats in their homes. One-third of homes in the United States have cats, and one out of every three of these homes keeps both a dog and a cat. Especially in large cities, many people in apartments have found that cats make much better pets when compared to dogs. 12．Why were cats highly respected in ancient Egypt? A．Because they were excellent hunters of mice and rats. B．Because they were associated with the moon goddess. C．Because they were the only animals allowed into temples. D．Because they had a high concentration in Egypt. 13．What happened to cats during the Dark Ages in Europe? A．Cats were often treated as witnesses in witch trials. B．Cats were often put on trial with accused witches. C．Cats were innocent and protected from harm. D．Cats were considered unlucky and subject to punishment. 14．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．More people prefer dogs over cats as their pets nowadays. B．People are not influenced by superstition when choosing pets. C．Cats are becoming less popular as other pets in urban areas. D．All families in the United States have at least one cat. 15．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Cats’ relationship with humans throughout history. B．The scientific evidence to support the domestication of cats. C．People’s mixed feelings about cats among different countries. D．The challenges faced by cat owners in modern cities. 【答案】12．B 13．B 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是猫在人类历史和社会中的地位变迁，以及与之相关的文化、信仰和迷信。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats were associated with the moon goddess, so the Egyptians worshiped them as holy animals.(猫与月亮女神联系在一起，所以埃及人把它们当作神圣的动物来崇拜)”可知，猫在古埃及很受尊敬是因为它们与月亮女神有关。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Cats had a reputation as helpers of witches. When a person was accused of being a witch, a cat would often be put on trial with the person.(猫被认为是女巫的帮手。当一个人被指控为女巫时，一只猫通常会和这个人一起受审)”可知，在欧洲的黑暗时代，猫经常和被指控为女巫的人一起受审。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Regardless superstition (迷信), cats remain a popular pet today.(抛开迷信，今天猫仍然是一种受欢迎的宠物)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出人们在选择宠物时不受迷信的影响。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A study of ancient evidence indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats have been kept as pets. This may not seem very long compared to the fact that dogs have been domesticated for 50,000 years, and it has definitely had its high and low points.(一项对古代证据的研究表明，在过去的5000年里，猫一直被当作宠物饲养。与狗被驯化了5万年的事实相比，这似乎不是很长，而且它肯定有高潮和低谷)”可知，本文主要讲的是猫与人类的关系以及猫在不同历史时期的社会地位，因此主旨大意是A选项“Cats’ relationship with humans throughout history.(历史上猫与人类的关系)”。故选A。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Whether you’re an experienced dog handler or a little careful about dogs, it can be difficult to read a dog’s complex language. How do you know if the dog wants to greet you or tell you to back off? 16 A content and relaxed dog will have its ears up (not forward) and head high. 17 Your relaxed dog’s mouth opens slightly with tongue exposed. If you are still unsure of whether to approach, go slowly and make no sudden moves. Don’t make too much eye contact and slowly extend the back of your hand for the dog to sniff (嗅) first before patting. After this welcome interaction, dogs may raise their tails and lower front paws (爪子). 18 This position will be held briefly before they rush off in random directions to get you to chase and to play with them. They stick out their tongues. Their ears will be up. This is your chance to have a run with your partner. 19 They show more teeth, bark more loudly and hide the tails between their legs. They are ready to attack when annoyed. Be careful of these unusual gestures. These signals are expressed as they directly face their source of “threat”. A dog that is under social or environmental stress will pace about with the tail down, the body lowered and ears back. Its breath will also be rapid with eyes expanded. 20 In this case, try to work out the source of its stress. If you can’t change that right away, a calming massage (按摩) will help. A．Although a happy dog will have its tail high, a relaxed dog’s tail will be hanging. B．The following is a handy dog body language guide. C．And it may leave sweat marks from its feet. D．The moods can be judged from their tails. E．This means it is playtime! F．Keep your voice low and calm. G．Sometimes dogs behave in an angry and violent way. 【答案】16．B 17．A 18．E 19．G 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就狗的一些肢体语言所代表的含义进行了说明。 16．根据上文“Whether you’re an experienced dog handler or a little careful about dogs, it can be difficult to read a dog’s complex language. How do you know if the dog wants to greet you or tell you to back off? (无论你是经验丰富的训狗员还是对狗有点小心的人，都很难读懂狗的复杂语言。你怎么知道狗狗是想和你打招呼还是让你走开？)”可知，本句承上启下，启示后文列举了一些狗的肢体语言所代表的含义。故B选项“下面是一个方便的狗的肢体语言指南”符合语境，故选B。 17．根据上文“A content and relaxed dog will have its ears up (not forward) and head high. (一只满足和放松的狗会竖起耳朵（而不是向前），把头抬高)”以及后文“Your relaxed dog’s mouth opens slightly with tongue exposed. If you are still unsure of whether to approach, go slowly and make no sudden moves. Don’t make too much eye contact and slowly extend the back of your hand for the dog to sniff (嗅) first before patting. (你放松的狗的嘴微微张开，舌头露出来。如果你仍然不确定是否要接近，慢慢走，不要突然行动。不要有太多的眼神接触，在拍狗之前，慢慢地伸出手背让它嗅一嗅。)”可知，本段主要说明了放松和满足的狗的肢体语言，A选项中relaxed对应上文relaxed。故A选项“虽然一只快乐的狗会把尾巴翘起来，但一只放松的狗会把尾巴垂下来。”符合语境，故选A。 18．根据上文“After this welcome interaction, dogs may raise their tails and lower front paws (爪子) .(在这种受欢迎的互动之后，狗可能会抬起尾巴，放下前爪。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明狗抬起尾巴，放下前爪代表的含义。故E选项“这意味着是玩耍时间！”符合语境，故选E。 19．根据后文“They show more teeth, bark more loudly and hide the tails between their legs. They are ready to attack when annoyed. Be careful of these unusual gestures. These signals are expressed as they directly face their source of “threat”. (它们露出更多的牙齿，更大声地吠叫，把尾巴藏在双腿之间。他们被激怒时随时准备攻击。小心这些不寻常的姿势。这些信号是在他们直接面对“威胁”来源时表达出来的。)”可知，本段主要说明了狗一些愤怒的行为和肢体语言信号。故G选项“有时狗会表现出愤怒和暴力的行为。”符合语境，故选G。 20．根据上文“A dog that is under social or environmental stress will pace about with the tail down, the body lowered and ears back. Its breath will also be rapid with eyes expanded. (一只处于社会或环境压力下的狗会垂着尾巴，低着身子，耳朵后仰。它的呼吸也会很快，眼睛也会睁大。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明狗紧张的时候的一些表现。故C选项“它可能会在脚上留下汗印。”符合语境，故选C。 第二部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals as their career. Even fewer will be 21 by the whole world, enjoying the title of United Nations Messenger(使者) of Peace. But one woman has 22 all that. She has lived with chimps in the African forest for many years and made great discoveries. Jane Goodall’s lifelong 23 in animals began at an early age. By the age of 10 or 11, Goodall 24 going to Africa to live with animals. This was quite a strange dream in those days, as young girls didn’t think of having such “wild” actions. But she was 25 by her mother. She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of 26 and never give up looking for a way. When a close friend invited Goodall to Kenya in 1957, she readily 27 　it. Within a few months of her arrival, she met the famous anthropologist(人类学家) Dr Louis Leakey, who soon decided that Goodall was the 28 person he was looking for to begin a 29 of wild chimps on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania. In the beginning, studying the chimps was not easy for her. The animals fled from her 30 . With a strong 31 , she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimps too soon. Gradually the chimps became used to her presence. In October 1960, she observed a chimp making and using 32 to fish for termites(白蚁). This discovery threw 33 on the popular idea at the time that man was the world’s only toolmaker. The longer Goodall’s research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimps are very 34 to humans. Since the mid-1980s, Goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise people’s sense about environmental 35 . “ Let’s live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love.” she said. 21．A．recognised B．known C．accepted D．admitted 22．A．done B．proved C．achieved D．realised 23．A．study B．interest C．sense D．dream 24．A．was fond of B．was tired of C．insisted on D．dreamed of 25．A．encouraged B．prevented C．advised D．forced 26．A．knowledge B．youth C．hope D．chances 27．A．accepted B．refused C．received D．considered 28．A．only B．last C．special D．first 29．A．project B．study C．centre D．career 30．A．in surprise B．in a hurry C．as expected D．in fear 31．A．will B．body C．desire D．mind 32．A．nets B．tools C．holes D．spoons 33．A．doubt B．light C．questions D．beliefs 34．A．close B．similar C．friendly D．helpful 35．A．improvement B．protection C．pollution D．destruction\ 【答案】 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Jane Goodall的事迹——她喜欢动物，将研究动物作为自己的事业，并取得了一些成就。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更少会有人将得到全世界的承认，享有联合国和平使者的称号。A. recognized承认，认可，赞赏；B. known知道；C. accepted接受；D. admitted（勉强）承认，招认。根据后文“by the whole world, enjoying the title of United Nations Messenger (使者) of Peace”可知，喜欢动物的孩子有很多，但很少会将研究动物作为职业，而将研究动物作为职业，并且取得成就，进而为整个世界所认可的就更少了。故选A项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有一位女性做到了这一切。A. done做；B. proved证明；C. achieved完成，达到；D. realised意识到。But前后形成对比关系，上文提到很少有人能做到的事情，此处强调Jane Goodall做到了，“被全世界认可和享有联合国和平使者的头衔”这些都是非凡的成就，是她做到了这一切。故选C。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：珍·古道尔在很小的时候就对动物产生了毕生的兴趣。A. study研究，学习；B. interest兴趣；C. sense感觉；D. dream梦想。根据下文中“This was quite a strange dream in those days(这在当时是一个相当奇怪的梦想)”可知珍·古道尔在很小的时候就对动物产生了毕生的兴趣。故选B。 24．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在10岁或11岁的时候，简梦想着去非洲和动物们生活在一起。A. was fond of喜欢；B. was tired of对……感到厌倦；C. insisted on坚持；D. dreamed of梦想。根据“This was quite a strange dream”可知，Jane梦想着去非洲和动物们在一起。故选D。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她的母亲鼓励她追寻梦想。A. encouraged鼓励；B. prevented阻止；C. advised建议；D. forced迫使，强迫。根据下文“She told her that if she really wanted something, she should work hard, take advantage of chances and never give up looking for a way.(她告诉她，如果她真的想要什么，她应该努力工作，抓住机会，永远不要放弃寻找方法)”可知，母亲鼓励她去追寻梦想。故选A。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉她，如果她真的想要什么，她应该努力工作，抓住机会，永远不要放弃寻找方法。A. knowledge知识；B. youth青年，青春；C. hope希望；D. chances机会。根据上文“she should work hard, take advantage of”可知，母亲鼓励她，如果想要什么，就要努力，充分利用机会，不放弃。故选D项。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1957年，一位密友邀请简去肯尼亚，她欣然接受了邀请。A. accepted接受；B. refused拒绝；C. received接收；D. considered考虑。根据下文“Within a few months of her arrival”可知，Jane欣然接受了朋友的邀请。故选A。 28．考查副词和形容词词义辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月内，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·利基博士，他很快就认定简是他要寻找的特别的人，开始对坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖畔的野生黑猩猩进行研究。A. only仅仅；B. last最后；C. special特别的；D. first第一。根据上文内容可知，Jane一直以来的梦想是和动物生活在一起，而在当时的人看来是奇怪的，因此路易斯·李基博士认为她是特别的人。故选C。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月内，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·利基博士，他很快就认定简是他要寻找的特别的人，开始对坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖畔的野生黑猩猩进行研究。A. project工程；B. study研究；C. centre中心；D. career职业生涯。根据后文“In the beginning, studying the chimps”可知，此处表示开始了对黑猩猩的研究。故选B。 30．考查介词短语辨析。句意：动物们害怕地逃离了她。A. in surprise惊奇地；B. in a hurry匆忙地；C. as expected不出所料，正如预期的；D. in fear唯恐，害怕。根据下文“Gradually the chimps became used to her presence.(渐渐地，黑猩猩们习惯了她的存在)”可知，一开始由于不熟悉，黑猩猩因为害怕逃走了。故选D。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凭着坚强的意志，她每天都在森林里搜寻，尽量不过早地靠近黑猩猩。A. will意志力；B. body身体；C. desire渴望；D. mind思考能力，思维方式。根据“she searched the forest every day”可知，虽然刚开始研究并不顺利，但是Jane有着坚强的意志。故选A。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用工具捕鱼白蚁。A. nets网，网状物；B. tools工具；C. holes洞；D. spoons勺子。根据下文中“that man was the world's only toolmaker”可知，设空处对应的信息词是toolmaker，tool符合语境。故选B。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一发现对人类是世界上唯一的工具制造者这一普遍观点提出了质疑。A. doubt疑惑；B. light光；C. questions问题；D. beliefs信念。throw doubt on 是固定短语，意为“对……产生疑问”，符合语境。故选A。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：简的研究进行得越久，黑猩猩与人类的相似之处就越明显。 A. close亲密的；B. similar相似的；C. friendly友好的；D. helpful有帮助的。根据上文“In October 1960, she observed a chimp making and using tools to fish for termites(1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用工具捕鱼白蚁)”可知，随着研究的深入，她发现黑猩猩与人类的相似之处。故选B。 35．考查名词辨析。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，Goodall一直在世界各地演讲，以提高人们的环保意识。A. improvement改善；B. protection保护；C. pollution污染；D. destruction破坏。根据后文“Let’s live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things, understanding and love.(让我们怀着希望、尊重一切生物、理解和爱生活在新时代)”以及结合上下文，她研究的是动物，她演讲中呼吁大家尊重所有的生物（包括动物），保护所有生物，以及他们的生存环境。同时结合常识判断，这里她是通过自己的演讲提升人们的环保意识。故选B。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Satellite images reveal four new emperor penguin colonies (企鹅群落) in Antarctica. The emperor penguins’ breeding and chick-raising rely 36 (heavy) on stable sea ice. However, the stable sea ice 37 (decrease) and become increasingly not 38 (depend) in recent years. So 39 unstable sea ice in Antarctica has some emperor penguins on the move. Several colonies have already moved some 25 miles in search of stable breeding grounds. On January 24, 2024, the British Antarctic Survey said scientists 40 (use) satellite imagery with the purpose of looking for the new breeding grounds, were surprised 41 (find) four previously undiscovered colonies. How did they find these colonies? The answer is by seeing the penguins’ brown poop (粪便) stains in the white snow. Besides the four new colonies, the scientists also rediscovered a colony, 42 was considered to have disappeared. The Brunt Ice Shelf calving destroyed a group of emperor penguins’ colony. And now they’ve relocated this colony 18 miles east near the MacDonald Ice Rumples. So, this rediscovery plus the four new 43 (discovery) make 66 known emperor penguin colonies. Emperor penguins make the colonies all around the edges of the Antarctic continent. Penguins breed and raise to find chicks on floating ice 44 (connect) to land. These are not easy areas 45 humans to access, so scientists monitor the penguins with the help of satellite images. Antarctica is a white, frozen world, and the penguins’ brown poop makes an evident contrast to the icy landscape. So the patches of brown reveal the penguins’ presence. 【答案】 36．heavily 37．has decreased 38．dependable 39．the 40．using 41．to find 42．which 43．discoveries 44．connected 45．For 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极帝企鹅群落的新发现以及它们生存环境的变化。 36．考查副词。句意：帝企鹅的繁殖和雏鸟抚养高度依赖于稳定的海冰。修饰动词rely，需用副词heavily，作状语。故填heavily。 37．考查动词时态。句意：然而，近年来稳定的海冰已经减少，并且变得越来越不可靠。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为the stable sea ice，助动词用has。故填has decreased。 38．考查形容词。句意同上。空处需填形容词dependable，作表语。故填dependable。 39．考查冠词。句意：因此，南极洲不稳定的海冰迫使一些帝企鹅开始迁徙。此处特指南极的不稳定海冰，所以使用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：2024年1月24日，英国南极调查局表示，科学家们利用卫星图像寻找新的繁殖地时，意外发现了四个此前未被发现的帝企鹅群落。空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词scientists，use和scientists为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填using。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。be surprised to do…为固定用法，此处用不定式表示结果，科学家惊奇地发现了四个以前未被发现的地方。故填to find。 42．考查定语从句。句意：除了这四个新发现的群落外，科学家们还重新发现了一个曾被认为已经消失的帝企鹅群落。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a colony，在从句中作主语，且指物，所以使用关系代词which引导。故填which。 43．考查名词。句意：因此，这次重新发现加上四个新发现，使得已知的帝企鹅群落数量达到了66个。空处需填名词作主语，由于前面有数词“four”修饰，所以使用复数形式discoveries。故填discoveries。 44．考查非谓语动词。句意：企鹅在与陆地相连的浮冰上繁殖并抚养雏鸟。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词floating ice，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填connected。 45．考查介词。句意：这些区域对人类来说并不容易到达，因此科学家们借助卫星图像来监测企鹅。此空需要填入一个介词来构成固定搭配“be easy for sb. to do sth.”，表示“对某人来说做某事很容易”。故填for。 第三节词汇填空(共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分) 请认真阅读下列各题，根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 46．It was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many (种类) of dialects and characters. 【答案】varieties 【详解】考查名词。句意：那是一个人们在地理上被划分的时代，导致了各种各样的方言和文字。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据汉语提示，表示“种类”用variety。空前many修饰可数名词复数形式，所以需要填其复数形式varieties。故填varieties。 47．They have formed an organization to protect endangered (物种). 【答案】species 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们成立了一个组织来保护濒危物种。根据中文提示，应该考虑填入名词species作宾语，这里需要注意它是单复数同形，所以无需再变复数。故答案是species。 48．She s the earthquake that damaged the city, but lost her entire family. 【答案】survived/urvived 【详解】考查动词。句意：她在破坏城市的地震中幸存下来，但失去了整个家庭。分析句子可知，句中缺少谓语动词。根据首字母提示及句意，用动词survive，表示“幸存”之意。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。故填survived。 49．In 2019, the Mekong River experienced its lowest water level since records began because of (干旱). 【答案】drought 【详解】考查名词。句意：2019年，湄公河经历了有记录以来最低水位，因为干旱。根据汉语提示“干旱”可知，本空应填名词drought，作because of的宾语。故填drought。 50．The concert hall has also introduced a new (官方的) website. 【答案】official 【详解】考查形容词。句意：音乐厅还推出了一个新的官方网站。根据“官方的”可知，应用形容词official，作前置定语，修饰名词website。故填official。 51．His (申请) for membership of the organization was turned down. 【答案】application 【详解】考查名词。句意：他加入该组织的申请被拒绝了。根据汉语提示可知应用名词application，作主语，结合后文was可知为单数。故填application。 52．In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be (回收) for later use. 【答案】recycled 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：在太空中，宇航员收集所有的脏水，以便它们能被回收以供后续使用。根据汉语提示“回收”可知应用动词 recycle，且此处 it 指代 dirty water，与 recycle 构成被动关系，结合空前的 can be 可知应用被动语态，此处使用了含有情态动词的被动语态，所以空白处填过去分词 recycled。故填 recycled。 53．The problems of traffic jam will not d (消失) in a hurry. 【答案】disappear/isappear 【详解】考查动词。句意：交通堵塞的问题不会很快消失。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词disappear“消失”，满足句意要求，结合空前will not情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填disappear。 54．Famous companies should care more about quality than (利润). 【答案】profit 【详解】考查名词。句意：知名公司应该更关心质量而不是利润。“利润”作介词about的宾语，用名词profit，不可数名词。故填profit。 55．Life isn’t about how to (幸存); it’s about learning to dance in the rain. 【答案】survive 【详解】考查动词。句意：生活不在于如何生存，而在于学会在雨中起舞。根据汉语提示及句意可知，此处使用动词survive，how to后接动词原形。故填survive。 第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节应用文写作(满分15分) 假设你是晨光中学的李津。学生会将举办一年一度的英语演讲比赛，本年度的主题为“Animals in Danger”。请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇发言稿。 1. 介绍一种濒危动物的基本情况； 2. 说明该濒危动物的现状； 3. 呼吁人们保护濒危动物。 注意： 1. 词数：不少于100词； 2. 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 发言稿的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Good morning, everyone. Today, I would like to speak about an endangered animal that is facing extinction — the Javan rhinoceros. This remarkable creature is native to the dense jungles of Java, Indonesia. The Javan rhinoceros is the smallest of all rhino species, with a single horn and a thick, wrinkled skin. Unfortunately, the Javan rhinoceros is critically endangered, with only about 76 individuals remaining in the wild. The primary threats to their survival include habitat loss due to agricultural expansion and human encroachment, as well as poaching for their horns, which are highly valued in traditional medicine. It is crucial that we take action to protect the Javan rhinoceros and other endangered species. We can support conservation programs, educate others about the importance of biodiversity, and advocate for stronger laws against poaching. By working together, we can help ensure that future generations will have the chance to see these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat. Thank you for your attention. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“Animals in Danger”为主题，写一篇发言稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 帮助：help→assist 由于：due to→thanks to 重要：importance→significance 机会：chance→opportunity 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The Javan rhinoceros is the smallest of all rhino species, with a single horn and a thick, wrinkled skin. 拓展句：The Javan rhinoceros is the smallest of all rhino species, with a single horn and a thick, wrinkled skin that helps it survive in its natural habitat. 【点睛】[高分句型1]The primary threats to their survival include habitat loss due to agricultural expansion and human encroachment, as well as poaching for their horns, which are highly valued in traditional medicine.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]It is crucial that we take action to protect the Javan rhinoceros and other endangered species.(运用了It作形式主语，that引导主语从句) 第二节读后续写(满分20分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The sun was hardly up that Christmas morning, so most of the light in the living room came from the little lights on the tree. I’d gotten up early to plug it in (接通电源) and bring a little extra magic into the house before my daughter walked down the stairs to open her gifts. Gifts had been placed around the base of the tree, under the bottom row of branches, for about a month. Rufus, our senior dog we’d adopted (收养) twelve years ago, hadn’t so much as sniffed (嗅) at them. That morning was different, though, because he watched as my daughter tore the paper off her presents, threw it aside, and cheered at what she found. Next, it was my husband’s turn. He opened his gifts more carefully than our daughter had. Then it was my turn to open the gift. Then it was time for Rufus’s gift. We were excited to give it to him. It was a new, extra-large bed where he could sleep and rest. He’d been such a wonderful boy for all these years, eager to please, loyal, protective but friendly... He deserved (值得) a nice bed upgrade. We’d taken our time picking that bed out as a family. The colors needed to match the living room because that was the room it’d be in. Rufus was quite like a gentleman. From the first week we had him, he’d run through the house with a bone hanging from the side of his mouth like a pipe. If he’d been a human, he’d have spent most of his time in his study, surrounded by leather, books, and shiny strong wood furniture. So we bought the bed that was the perfect match for the living room, his age, and his personality. We didn’t pack it up in Christmas paper like the other gifts. We just brought it downstairs and lay it in front of him, expecting him to check it out for a few seconds and then jump up, settle in, and almost immediately start snoring (打鼾) on the soft bed. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 However, Rufus had other plans. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rufus had followed the rules and done what everyone else did. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 However, Rufus had other plans. He was one of the family and everyone else had torn the outside layers of their gifts away to recover the true prizes underneath. He started to check it out the way we expected him to, but the lying-on-it part never happened. All of us humans ended up distracted in one way or another, and Rufus had torn the “wrapping paper” off his gift while no one was watching. Filling was spread all over the carpet and went up from the middle of the bed. Rufus had followed the rules and done what everyone else did. But things didn’t turn out just the way they were supposed to. We all saw the “Oh, no, I messed up...” realization wash over him. He was ashamed of himself and probably more than a little sad about not having a chance to fall asleep on something so comfortable. Honestly speaking, it would’ve made perfect sense for us to wrap the bed in shinning Christmas paper just like all the other gifts. We had to buy him another bed. 【导语】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了作者在圣诞节为家里的每个人包括狗狗Rufus准备了礼物，每个人都很开心地拆开礼物，Rufus的礼物是全家挑选出来的一张特大号的床，它没有像其他礼物一样用圣诞纸包起来，而是就放在楼下，作者一家期待Rufus看到它后跳起来并舒服地睡在上面。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“然而，Rufus另有打算。”可知，第一段可描写Rufus看到礼物后在没人注意的情况下撕下了“包装纸”，填充物铺满了地毯。 ②由第二段首句内容“Rufus遵守了规则，做了其他人都做的事。”可知，第二段可描写床被搞砸了，“我”们不得不再买一张床。 2.续写线索：查看——分散注意——打开礼物——填充物铺满地毯——羞愧——重新买一张床 3.词汇激活 行为类 1 查看：check out/examine ②发生：happen/take place③延伸：spread/extend情绪类①羞愧的：ashamed/abashed②悲伤的：sad/sorrowful【点睛】[高分句型1] All of us humans ended up distracted in one way or another, and Rufus had torn the “wrapping paper” off his gift while no one was watching.（运用了while引导的时间状语从句）[高分句型2] He started to check it out the way we expected him to, but the lying-on-it part never happened. (运用了省略关系词的定语从句) ( 19 / 22 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$