Unit 2 No Rules,No Order 课件- 2024-2025学年人教版（2024）七年级英语下册

Project & Reflecting Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 11 *Project Make class rules 3a In groups, choose one goal that you hope your class can achieve. •learn better •have fun in school •get along well •take care of the classroom 自主学习 11 3b Brainstorm 5-10 rules to help your class to achieve the goal. Write them down. 自主学习 11 3c Work together to design a poster for your rules. Think of interesting ways to present the rules. IN THIS CLASS WE ARE FAMILY Always be kind and helpful. Don’t fight with your classmates. Say “thank you” when your classmates help you. Don’t use bad words. Say “please” when you ask for help. 自主学习 11 3d Share your rules in class. Vote for your favourite set of class rules. In our class, we must get along well with others. We have to be kind to our classmates. We mustn’t fight with them. We can... 对……友善 自主学习 11 Reflecting Nothing can be achieved without rules. How well can you do these things? Very well OK Needs work 1. I can talk about the things I can and cannot do according to the rules. 2. I can explain how rules can be helpful. 3. I can use modal verbs to describe the rules in different places. 4. I can understand how different people think and feel about rules. □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ 自主学习 11 $$ Section A 探究二 核心短语 Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 11 1 late for 迟到 · Don’t be late for class. 上课不要迟到。 · Yaming is never late for school. He always arrives early. 亚明上学从不迟到。他总是到得很早。 · Why do you come late? 你为什么来晚了？ late for “迟到”。be late for class /school /work 上课/上学/上班迟到 come late 迟到 合作探究 11 2 on time 准时 · Everyone must arrive at the train station on time. 每个人都必须按时到达火车站。 · Luckily, a doctor saves the man’s life in time. 幸运的是，一位医生及时挽救了那个人的生命。 · At the same time, we have to get everything ready for the party. 同时我们得为聚会准备好一切。 · Our head teacher checks our homework from time to time. 我们的班主任时不时地检查我们的作业。 合作探究 11 on time 准时(表示动作在规定时间内完成) in time 及时(表示动作在限时之前完成) at the same time 同时 from time to time 有时；不时 合作探究 11 3 have to 不得不 · I have to get up early because I need to catch the first bus. 我不得不早起，因为要赶第一班公共汽车。 · —Do you have to go now? 你现在必须得走了吗？ —Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 是的，我得走了。/ 不，没必要。 · You don’t have to come if you are busy. 如果你忙的话不必来。 合作探究 11 have to 不得不，后接动词原形。强调客观情况。可用于各种时态。 其第三人称单数形式为has to。 一般过去时中用had to；一般将来时中用will have to。 含有have to 的句子变疑问句和否定句时借助do, does或did。 敲黑板： have to 与must 都表示必须，详细的讲解见本单元语法。 合作探究 11 4 of course 当然 · —Can you swim? 你会游泳吗？ —Of course. 当然会。 · —Would you mind closing the window? 你介意关上窗户吗？ —Of course not./Certainly not. 当然不介意。 · Of course, there are some problems we need to solve. 当然，有一些问题我们需要解决。 · You can come with us if you like, of course. 如果你愿意的话当然可以和我们一起来。 合作探究 11 of course 相当于sure 或certainly，常用于对话中的肯定回答。其否定形式为of course not，意为“当然不”。 of course 在句中的位置较为灵活,可放在句首、句中、句尾，表达一种理所当然的肯定态度。 合作探究 11 5 turn off 关掉( 水、电或煤气) · Turn off the light before leaving the room. 离开房间前要关灯。 · The water in the kitchen is running. Turn it off. 厨房的水在流，关上它。 · Turn on the TV. A ping-pong match is covered live now. 打开电视，乒乓球比赛正在现场直播。 合作探究 11 · The radio makes too much noise. Turn it down. 收音机制造太多噪声，把它的声音调低些。 · I can’t hear anything. Turn the video up. 我什么也听不见，把录像声音调高。 合作探究 11 turn off 常指关闭电源、水龙头或煤气等。动副短语，如果宾语是代词，则放在turn 和off 之间。 turn 的其他常见词组： turn on 打开 turn down 调低(声音) turn up 调高(声音) 合作探究 11 图解助记： turn on turn off turn up turn down 打开 关掉 调高 调低 合作探究 11 6 absent from 缺席；不在 · The boy is often absent from classes. 那个男孩经常旷课。 · You mustn’t be absent from the meetings without cause. 你不得无故缺席会议。 · Don’t speak ill of a person in his absence. 不要在背后说别人坏话。 absent from 缺席；不在 absent adj. 缺席；不在 absent 的名词形式是absence, 常构成短语in one’s absence 背地里。 合作探究 11 $$ Section B 探究二 核心短语 Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 11 1 make sb.’s/ the bed 整理床铺；铺床 · Make your bed, Tom. It’s good for you to do so. 汤姆，整理你的床铺。这样做对你有好处。 · You must fold the clothes, or your room will look untidy. 你必须叠衣服，否则你的房间会看上去不整洁。 合作探究 11 常见的家务劳动有： make sb.’s/ the bed 整理床铺 do the laundry/washing 洗衣服 fold the clothes 叠衣服 do the dishes 洗盘子 sweep the floor 打扫地板 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 合作探究 11 2 think about 思考；考虑 · Let me think about your advice again. 让我再考虑一下你的建议。 · Changsha is also a good place. You can think about it. 长沙也是个好地方。你可以考虑一下。 · Why don’t we think about building a new house? 为什么我们不考虑建一个新房子呢？ 合作探究 11 · What do you think of the doctor’s suggestions? 你认为医生的建议怎么样？ · Before you answer this question, please think it over. 在你回答这个问题之前，请认真思考一下。 think about 是固定短语，其中about 是介词，后面可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 合作探究 11 辨析：think about, think of 与think over think about 表示对某个问题或情况进行思考或考虑。 think of 主要用来表示对某人、某事的看法。 think over 表示仔细考虑或认真思考，通常指对某个问题进行深入的思考。 合作探究 11 3 get along well 相处得好 · They used to get along well. However, things become different now. 他们过去相处得很好。然而现在情况变得不同了。 · It is a very important rule to get along well with others. 与他人好好相处是一个很重要的规则。 · —How do you get along with your new classmates? 你跟你的新同学相处得怎么样？ —Quite well. 相当好。 合作探究 11 get along well 相处得好(=get on well) get along /on well with sb. 和某人相处得好 询问相处得怎样，用疑问词how。How do you get along with sb.? 你跟某人相处得怎么样？ 合作探究 11 4 fight with 和……打架 · Don’t fight with others. You mustn’t break the rule. 不要跟别人打架。你一定不要违反这条规定。 · We should fight against pollution to protect our environment. 我们应该与污染作斗争以保护我们的环境。 · They are fighting for their freedom. 他们正在为他们的自由而战斗。 · The two dogs fight over a bone. 两只狗为一根骨头而争斗。 合作探究 11 fight with sb. 意为“和某人打架”。 fight 作动词，意为“打架；战斗”，其他常见短语： (1) fight against 与……作斗争，强调对抗的对象，常指与敌对的人、势力或不良现象作斗争。 (2) fight for 为……而战斗、奋斗，表明战斗或努力的目标。 (3) fight over 因……而打斗、争斗，通常是为了争夺某个事物。 fighter n. 战士；斗士 合作探究 11 $$ 单元语法沙龙 Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 分别找出下列句子中的祈使句和情态动词 1. Don’t listen to music in class. 2. No smoking! 3. Mary must read a book before she watches TV. 4. We always have to wear the school uniform. 5. You mustn’t be late for school. 自主学习 6. Be careful next time. 7. Let’s have a rest. 8. You can play basketball at the weekend. 9. Can we eat in the classroom? 10. We have to be quiet in the library. 祈使句：______________________________________ 情态动词：____________________________________ 1 2 6 7 must; have to; mustn’t; can; Can; have to 自主学习 一 祈使句 祈使句 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子称为祈使句。 祈使句的构成：Do 型、Be 型、Let 型等 祈使句的应答 合作探究 考点1 祈使句的肯定、否定形式及注意事项 祈使句中，通常省略主语you，其肯定形式是以动词原形开头，否定形式是在动词原形前加don’t。祈使句句末使用句号或叹号，读时用降调。为表示语气委婉，可在句首或句末加please, please 放在句末时，前面通常加逗号。 合作探究 ·Go and wash your hands. 去洗你的手。 ·Be kind to your sister. 对你妹妹要和善。 ·Keep off the grass, please. 请勿践踏草坪。 ·Don’t be late for class. 上课不要迟到。 ·Be quiet, please. 请安静。 合作探究 考点2 祈使句的构成 1. Do 型祈使句 肯定结构：动词原形(+ 宾语) (+ 其他) . 否定结构：Don’t + 动词原形(+ 宾语) (+ 其他) . ·Respect each other’s opinions during discussions. 讨论时要尊重彼此的意见。 ·Don’t forget to bring your homework tomorrow. 明天别忘了带作业来。 合作探究 2. Be 型祈使句 肯定结构：Be + 表语(名词或形容词) (+ 其他) . 否定结构：Don’t + be + 表语(名词或形容词) (+ 其他) . ·Be polite to everyone you meet. 对你遇到的每个人都要有礼貌。 ·Don’t be afraid to ask questions. 不要害怕提问题。 合作探究 3. Let 型祈使句 肯定结构：Let + 宾语+ 动词原形(+ 其他) . 否定结构：Don’t + let + 宾语+ 动词原形(+ 其他) . 或Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形(+ 其他) . ·Let’s go for a walk after dinner. 让我们晚饭后去散步吧。 ·Don’t let them make noise. =Let them not make noise. 不要让他们制造噪音。 合作探究 4. 其他类型的否定祈使句 (1) No + v.-ing! / No+ 名词！ ·No fishing! 禁止钓鱼！ ·No photos! 禁止拍照！ (2) never 代替don’t 来加强语气。 ·Never give up! 绝不放弃！ 合作探究 记忆口诀: 祈使句用法口诀: 祈使句，有威力，请求、命令或建议。 主语you 常省去，动词原形开头记。 否定式要注意，句首要把Don’t 立。 语气委婉please，句首、句末没关系。 No doing! 需谨记，表示“ 禁止”不小觑。 合作探究 考点3 祈使句的应答 回答祈使句的肯定形式一般用will，回答祈使句的否定形式一般用won’t。 ·—Please close the door. 请关门。 —Sure, I’ll close it. 当然，我会关上的。 ·—Don’t touch that hot pan! 不要碰那个热锅！ —Sorry, I won’t. 对不起，我不会的。 合作探究 二 情态动词can、have to、must 情态动词 can 表示请求或许可，意为“可以” 表示能力，意为“能；会” have to 与must 两者都表示“必须”，其后均接动词原形 两者有时可以互换，但它们用法上也有区别 合作探究 考点 1 can 表示请求或许可，意为“可以”。 ·—Can you come to my birthday party? 你能来我的生日聚会吗？ —Yes, I can. 是的，我能。 ·—Can we eat in the classroom? 我们能在教室里吃东西吗？ —No, you can’t. But you can eat in the dining hall. 不，你们不能。但你们能在餐厅里吃东西。 合作探究 考点 2 can 还可以表示能力，意为“能；会”。“can+ 动词原形”表示“(某人) 能/ 会做某事”，其否定形式为“can’t/cannot + 动词原形”，表示“某人不会做某事”。 ·I can play basketball. 我会打篮球。 ·Tom can’t swim. 汤姆不会游泳。 合作探究 考点 3 have to 与must 的用法及不同点 用法 时态、人称 和数 否定形式 句式变化 have to 侧重于客观上的必要，意为“必须；不得不”。后跟动词原形，意为“必须做……；不得不做……”。 有时态、人称和数的变化，第三人称单数形式为has to。 否定形式don’t / doesn’t have to，意为“不必”，相当于needn’t。 借助助动词do/does 构成一般疑问句或否定句。 合作探究 用法 时态、人称和数 否定形式 句式变化 must 强调因主观需要或责任感的驱使而有必要做或有义务去做某事，意为“必须”。 没有人称和数的变化。 否定形式mustn’t， 意为“禁止，不允许”。 must 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答仍用must，否定回答则用needn’t 或don’t have to，意为“不必”。 合作探究 ·It’s raining, and you have to take an umbrella. 正在下雨，你必须带把伞。(受客观因素影响) ·You must read a book before you watch TV. 在看电视前你必须读书。(主观需要) ·Do they have to do the work? 他们必须做这项工作吗？ ·He doesn’t have to go home now. 他不必现在就回家。 ·You mustn’t be late for school. 你不要上学迟到。 ·—Must I clean all the rooms? 我必须打扫所有的房间吗？ —No, you needn’t/don’t have to. 不，你不必。 合作探究 一 单项选择 1. ______ swim on your way home. It’s really dangerous. A. Shouldn’t B. Don’t C. Doesn’t D. Didn’t 2. ______ trying and do your best. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept 3. [北京] —Bill, ______ I use your ruler? —Of course you can. Here you are. A. can B. must C. need D. should B A A 对点突破 4. —Hi, Bill! What is an important rule in the library? —We ______ be quiet. A. have to B. can C. may D. mustn’t 5. —People ______ wear helmets (头盔) when they ride e-bikes according to the traffic rules. —Yes. Or they will be punished. A. must B. can C. may D. might A A 对点突破 二 按要求完成句子，每空一词 6. You must be quiet! (改为祈使句) ______ ________, please! 7. You shouldn’t take photos in the museum. (改为祈使句) ________ ________ photos in the museum. Be quiet Don’t take 对点突破 8. Take some cash with you when you travel to other countries. (改为否定句) ________ take ______ cash with you when you travel to other countries. 9. Mary has to hand in the report before this weekend. (改为一般疑问句) _______ Mary _______ to hand in the report before this weekend? 10. Must I do the dishes now? (作否定回答) ______, you ________. Don’t any Does have No needn’t 对点突破 三 用can, have to/must, can’t/mustn’t 填空 In our class, we have some rules to help us learn better together. 11. We ___________ be late for class. It’s important to be on time. 12. We ____________ talk during class unless the teacher asks us a question. 13. We ______ be kind to each other. Don’t bully(恐吓) others. 14. We _______________ do our homework and bring it to school every day. can’t/mustn’t can’t/mustn’t must have to/must 对点突破 15. We ____________________ clean up our desks and the classroom after class. 16. We ________ share our things with classmates who need them. By following these rules, our class will be a happy and successful place to learn! have to/must can 对点突破 $$ Section A What rules do we follow? Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 11 1a Does your school have these rules? Tick the ones that your school has. Rule Your school Mary, Sally, and Tony’s school Don’t be late for school. Arrive on time. Don’t run in the hallways. Don’t eat in the classroom. Wear the school uniform. 自主学习 11 Rule Your school Mary, Sally, and Tony’s school Don’t use your phone in class. Don’ t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy. Be polite and treat everyone with respect. Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question. 自主学习 11 思考：上面表格中的句子都表示“命令”，这些句子又叫_________。 观察这些句子可以发现，此类句型都是以______________开头。 祈使句 动词原形 自主学习 11 1b Listen to the first part of the recording. Tick the rules that are mentioned. √ √ 自主学习 11 1c Listen again. Complete the sentences. 1. Mary can’t ________ in the __________. 2. Sally mustn’t wear her own jacket at ________. She has to wear ___________________. 3. Tony can’t ________. He must keep the school ________________. run hallway school the uniform litter clean and tidy 自主学习 11 1d Listen to the second part of the recording. Who is the speaker? What rules does she talk about? Tick them in 1a. The speaker is Ms Brown. Tick: Don’t run in the hallways. Wear the school uniform. Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy. Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 自主学习 11 1e In pairs, talk about the rules in 1c. Can Mary run in the hallway? No, she can’t. She has to walk in the hallway. 示例1：—Can Sally wear her own jacket in school? —No, she can’t. She has to wear the uniform. 示例2：—Can Tony litter in school? —No, he can’t. He must keep the school clean and tidy. 自主学习 11 Pronunciation 1 Listen and repeat. Add one more word to each group. (答案不唯一) e ea ee ear /iː/ /e/ /iː/ /e/ /iː/ /ɪə/ /eə/ she these _______ bed pet _______ please speak _______ head ready _______ tree sleep _______ ear dear _______ pear bear _______ me desk eat bread green hear wear 自主学习 11 2 Listen to the chant and notice the stressed words. Then listen again and repeat. Across the country, in many schools, Students like us follow rules! Be on time. Don’t be late for class. Keeping the rules is good for us! Every day, from Monday to Friday, 思考1: from Monday to Friday 的同义表达是什么？ weekdays 动名词短语作主语，谓语动词 用第三人称单数形式。 自主学习 11 Keep our school clean and tidy! Raise your hand. Walk and don’t run. Keep the rules and let’s have fun! 思考2: “have fun”可以替换成什么呢？ have a good time/enjoy ourselves 自主学习 11 2a Listen to the conversation and circle the coloured words you hear. Anne: Hi, I’m Anne. What’s your name? Tom: Hello! I’m Tom. It’s my first day here. Anne: It’s nice to meet you, Tom! Is everything OK? 长难句分析：It在此作形式主语， 真正的主语是to meet you。 自主学习 11 Tom: Well, I can’t find my pencil box / pen. I think it’s in my locker/ at home. Anne: Here, I can lend you my pen. Tom: Thanks! Would you like a sweet? Anne: No, thank you. We can’t eat snacks in class. Tom: Can we eat fruit / drink water? Anne: Yes, of course. I think...“我认为……”，否定句是I don’t think...“我认为……不……”。 自主学习 11 Tom: OK, thanks... Oh! I’m sorry, I have to answer my phone. Anne: Oh, but we can’t / mustn’t bring our mobile phones to class. We have to turn them off and put / keep them in our lockers. That’s another rule. Tom: OK! Thanks for telling me, Anne. Anne: You’re welcome, Tom. Thanks for doing sth. 谢谢做某事。 自主学习 11 2b Read the conversation and complete Tom’s notes about the school rules. School rules We cannot ___________________________________________ We must not _________________________________________ We have to ___________________________________________ eat snacks in class. bring our mobile phones to class. turn off mobile phones and keep them in our lockers. 自主学习 11 2c Read the conversation again and answer the questions. 1. Why is the day special for Tom? 2. What does Anne lend to Tom? 3. Why doesn’t Anne take a sweet from Tom? Because the day is his first day at school. Her pen. Because they can’t eat snacks in class. 自主学习 11 4. Can Tom and Anne use their phones in class? 5. Where must they keep their phones? 6. Do you think they have good school rules? Give your reasons. No, they can’t. In their lockers. Yes, I think they have good school rules. “Don’t eat snacks in class.” is important because it helps keep a clean learning environment. （答案不唯一） 自主学习 11 2d Complete a summary of the conversation. It’s Tom’s ________ day at this school. He doesn’t know the school ________ well. Anne tells him about them. They ________ eat snacks in class, but they ________ drink water. They can’t bring their mobile ________ to class. They must ________ them off and keep them in their ________. first rules can’t can phones turn lockers 自主学习 11 2e Listen to the conversation again and pay attention to the stressed words. Then role-play the conversation. 自主学习 11 2f Talk about the rules you have at school. Use the expressions to help you. （答案不唯一） What rules do we have at school? We must/mustn’t... We should... We can/can’t... Don’t... We have to ... Always... We must arrive on time for class. We can’t eat food in the library. We have to complete all the homework on time. 自主学习 11 Grammar Focus 3a Read the sentences. Do the verbs in bold need to change forms? Why? Walk in the hallway. Don’t run! Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don’t litter./You mustn’t litter. /You can’t litter. Can we bring our phones to class? No, we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers. Can we eat snacks in class? No, we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall. No, they don’t. Because these sentences are imperatives. 自主学习 11 3b Complete the sentences using can, have to/must, or can’t/mustn’t. 1. Don’t jump the queue. You _________________ wait your turn. 2. I ________ feed my dog many kinds of food, but I _____________ give him chocolate. It is bad for him! have to/must can can’t/mustn’t 自主学习 11 3. A : Can I leave the classroom if I don’t feel well? B: Yes, but you ________________ tell your teacher about it when you _____________ be absent from class. have to/must 长难句分析: 此句是复合句，主句是Can I leave the classroom，从句是if I don’t feel well。其中if 作连词，引导条件状语从句。 have to 自主学习 11 4. A: Hey! Can I look at your book? B: Shh, we ______________ talk quietly in the library. 5. A: Can you put on your seat belt? We _______________ wear one when we’re in a car. B: Sure. Thanks! have to/must have to/must 自主学习 11 从教材习题3b 中学中考解题策略 can, have to/ must, can’t / mustn’t 用法顺口溜： 能力足够用can，想做就做真勇敢； 义务责任must 担，have to 也是同样看； 不能做到can’t 言，表示否定很简单； 禁止行为mustn’t 谈，千万别做是关键。 自主学习 11 3c Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs. · Do not eat or drink. · No eating or drinking. · You can’t/mustn’t eat or drink. Do not park./No parking./You can’t/mustn’t park. 自主学习 11 Do not take photos./No photos./You can’t/mustn’t take photos. Do not swim./No swimming./You can’t/mustn’t swim. Do not feed birds./No feeding./You can’t/mustn’t feed birds. 合作探究 11 3d In groups, brainstorm three rules for one of the places below. Then draw signs to show the rules. Share your signs in class and explain what they mean. library school dining hall park cinema hospital In the library, we must keep quiet. We mustn’t make noise. We can’t... In the school dining hall, we must wait in line. We mustn’t jump the queue. We must save food. We can’t litter. We have to keep the school dining hall clean. (答案不唯一，标志略) 自主学习 11 $$ Section B 探究一 核心单词 Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 11 (一) 高频词 1 unhappy /ʌn'hæpi/ adj. 不快乐的 · You look unhappy. What’s wrong with you? 你看上去不开心，怎么了？ · I’m unhappy with the result. 我对这个结果不满意。 · He’s unhappy with his job and wants to change another one. 他对他的工作不满意，想换另外一个。 · He’s a very untidy person. 他是一个非常邋遢的人。 · It’s an unlucky day today. 今天是不幸运的一天。 合作探究 11 unhappy adj. 不快乐的。既可作表语也可作定语。构成的短语有： (1) look unhappy 看上去不开心 (2) be unhappy with... 对……不满意 unhappy 由“否定前缀un- + happy (adj. 快乐的) ”构成，意为“不快乐的”。类似的单词还有：untidy不整洁的；uncomfortable 不舒适的；unlucky 不幸的；unusual不同寻常的。 合作探究 11 2 either /'aɪðə(r) ; 'iːðə(r) / adv. 也 (用于否定词组后) · I don’t like coffee, either. 我也不喜欢咖啡。 · I have two books. You can have either. 我有两本书，你要哪一本都可以。 · You may take either of the roads.两条路你随便走哪一条。 · There are many trees on either side of the street. 街道两边有很多树。 合作探究 11 · Either you or he is wrong. 要么你错了，要么他错了。 · You don’t like swimming. I don’t like it, either. 你不喜欢游泳，我也不喜欢。 · He likes music, and I like music, too. 他喜欢音乐，我也喜欢音乐。 · I also practise playing the guitar every day. 我也每天练习弹吉他。 · I guess he can pass the exam as well. 我猜他也能通过考试。 合作探究 11 either adv. 用于否定句中表示“也”。 either 还可作代词，意为“(两者中的) 任何一个”，常构成短语either of...。 either 作限定词，意为“(两者之中) 任一的”，后跟可数名词单数。either side 任何一边 either 还常用于固定搭配either... or...“要么……要么……；或者……或者……”，连接主语时，谓语动词的人称和数通常与离得最近的主语保持一致。 合作探究 11 敲黑板：too 语气较轻，多用于口语，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。also 比too 正式一些，语气较重。 图解助记：辨析：either, also, too 与as well 通常用于肯定句 also, as well, too 常用于句中 常用于句末 either 常用于否定句，前加逗号 合作探究 11 3 practise /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 训练；练习 · John is going to act in a play this weekend. He’s been practising his lines every day. 约翰这个周末要出演一部戏剧。他每天都在练台词。 · I practise playing the piano every night. 我每天晚上都练习弹钢琴。 · To prepare for the match, they practise every day. 为了准备这次比赛，他们每天都训练。 合作探究 11 · It takes a lot of pratice to play the violin well. 拉好小提琴要多加练习。 · He does the football practice on Wednesday afternoon. 他星期三下午进行足球练习。 practise v. 训练；练习。可作及物动词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。practise sth./doing sth. 练习某事/ 做某事 practise 还可作不及物动词，后不跟宾语。 practise 的名词形式为practice，常用作不可数名词。常用短语有：do... practice 进行……训练。 合作探究 11 4 hang /hæŋ/ v. 悬挂 · They hang the painting as high as they can. 他们把这幅画挂得尽可能高。 · A white shirt is hanging on the rope. 一件洁白的衬衫悬挂在绳子上。 · The king hangs the bad woman finally. 国王最终绞死了那个坏女人。 · Hang on, please. 请稍等。 · I hung up the phone after he said goodbye. 他说完再见后我把电话挂了。 · You mustn’t hang out now, either. 你现在也禁止出去闲逛。 合作探究 11 hang v. 意为“悬挂”，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。hang sth. 悬挂某物 hang 作动词，还可意为“绞死”。hang sb. 绞死某人 hang 构成的短语： (1) hang on 坚持；别挂电话；等一下，相当于hold on。 (2) hang up 挂断电话 (3) hang out 闲逛 合作探究 11 5 become /bɪ'kʌm/ v. 变成；成为 · Leaves become yellow in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄。 · Our country will become better and better. 我们的国家将会变得越来越好。 · Hearing this, the mother becomes worried. 听到这个(消息) ，那位妈妈变得焦虑了。 · Rules help you become a better person. 规则帮助你变成更好的人。 合作探究 11 become 作系动词，意为“变成；成为”，后接形容词或名词作表语，表示一种变化。 后跟形容词作表语：become rich 变得富有；become taller and taller 变得越来越高 后跟名词作表语：become a teacher 成为一名老师 合作探究 11 6 better /ˈbetə(r) / adj. 较好的adv. 较好地 · We want you to become your better self. 我们想让你成为更好的自己。 · Things are getting better and better. 情况正在变得越来越好。 · I feel much better now, thank you. 我现在感觉好多了，谢谢您。 · The more, the better. 越多越好。 · Teng Fei plays the guitar better than me. 腾飞弹吉他比我好。 · This dress fits me better than that one. 这条裙子比那条更适合我。 · You’d better get to school on time. 你最好按时到校。 合作探究 11 better 在不同语境下的应用： better 作形容词，意为“较好的” 或“更好的”, 是形容词“good(好的)”和“well(身体好；健康)” 的比较级形式。既可以作定语也可以作表语。 常用短语是become/get better (and better) “变得更好/ 越来越好”。 better 还可作副词，表示“更好地”，是well(好；令人满意地) 的比较级形式。用来修饰动词，表示某种行为或动作做得更好。 better 还可以用来比较两个事物之间的优劣。 常用句型：You’d better do sth. 你最好做某事。 合作探究 11 7 build /bɪld/ v. 创建；建造 · They plan to build us a new laboratory. =They plan to build a new laboratory for us. 他们计划给我们建造一个新的实验室。 · The kind man built a charity to help those disabled people. 那个善良的人建立了一个慈善机构来帮助那些残疾人。 · The teacher’s advice builds up our confidence. 老师的建议增强我们的信心。 · My father is of medium build. 我的爸爸中等身材。 · The tall building is made of stones and wood. 那个高的建筑物是由石头和木头建成的。 合作探究 11 build v. 创建；建造。build sb. sth. = build sth. for sb. 给某人建某物 常用短语：build up 增强(信心，体质等) 。 build 还可作名词，意为“体格；身材”。常用短语：be of medium build 中等身材。 building n. 建筑物 builder n. 建筑工人 图解助记: 合作探究 11 8 relax /rɪˈlæks/ v. 放松；休息 · Relax yourself. There’s nothing to worry about. 放松自己，没什么可担心的。 · I just want to sit down and relax. 我只想坐下休息一下。 · Students feel relaxed after they finish their homework on time. 按时完成作业后，学生们感到放松。 · This film is very relaxing. 这部电影令人很放松。 合作探究 11 relax v. 放松；休息。相当于rest/have a rest。既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 用作及物动词时，后面通常接代词作宾语，relax oneself “放松自己”。 合作探究 11 辨析：relaxed 与relaxing relaxed adj. 主要用来形容人的感受，表示某人“感到轻松的”。 relaxing adj. 主要用来修饰物，表示“令人放松的”。 合作探究 11 语境助记: The music is very relaxing. After listening to it, I feel relaxed. I think listening to some music is a good way to relax. 这首音乐令人很放松。听完之后，我感到很放松。我认为听一些音乐是一种放松的好办法。 小贴士：类似的词对还有： interesting 有趣的—interested 感兴趣的； boring 无聊的—bored 感到无聊的等。 合作探究 11 9 advice /ədˈvaɪs/ n. 建议；意见 · Follow/Take my advice, or you will fail the exam. 听我的建议，否则你会考试不及格。 · Let’s ask him for advice /suggestions on what to do next. 我们来征求他的建议，看看下一步该怎么办。 · The teacher gives us much good advice on study. 这位老师在学习方面给我们很多很好的建议。 合作探究 11 · I advise the boy to think about the matter carefully. 我建议那个男孩认真考虑那件事。 · He advised planting more trees every year. 他建议每年多植树。 · I advise that you (should) buy a computer. 我建议你买一台电脑。 合作探究 11 advice n. 建议；意见，是不可数名词，可用some、much、a piece of 等修饰。常构成短语： (1) follow/take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 (2) ask sb. for advice 征求某人的建议 (3) give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议 (4) a piece of advice 一条建议 advice 的同义词为suggestion ，是可数名词。复数形式为suggestions。 合作探究 11 advise 是advice 的动词形式，意为“劝告；建议”，用法如下：(1) advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 (2) advise doing sth. 建议做某事 (3) advise + that 从句 建议……，其中从句的谓语动词用“(should + ) 动词原形”。 合作探究 11 10 understand /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ v. 理解；领会 · Just tell your parents how you feel—I’m sure they’ll understand. 只管把你的感受告诉父母，我确信他们会理解的。 · If you can understand my meaning, I will move to the next step. 如果你能领会我的意思，我就进行下一步。 · I don’t understand what you’re talking about. 我不明白你在说什么。 合作探究 11 · As teachers, we must make ourselves understood. 作为老师，我们必须把自己的意思表达清楚。 · Don’t misunderstand her. She just likes to put things in order. 不要误解她。她只是喜欢把东西放整齐。 · My parents are really understanding. 我的父母非常善解人意。 合作探究 11 understand v. 理解；领会。既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。understand sb./sth. 理解或领会某人/某事，understand 后也可跟宾语从句。 make oneself understood 意为“将自己的意思表达清楚”，即：make one’s meaning clear 表达清楚。 反义词是misunderstand 意为“误解”。 understanding n. 理解；了解 adj. 善解人意的；体谅人的(修饰名词或作表语) 。 合作探究 11 (二) 拓展词 11 weekday /ˈwiːkdeɪ/ n. 工作日(星期一至星期五的任何一天) · Weekdays are always busy here. 这里的工作日总是很忙。 · We have to go to school on weekdays. 周一到周五我们必须去上学。 · Students can relax on weekends. 周末学生可以休息。 weekday 是可数名词，指星期一到星期五的任何一天。weekdays 作主语时，谓语用复数。常用短语：on weekdays 在工作日。 合作探究 11 weekend 意为“周末”，通常指星期六和星期日。on/at the weekend 或on/at weekends 表示“在周末”。 构词法记单词：weekday 是由“week+ day”构成的合成词，类似的词还有： week + end → weekend 周末 book + store → bookstore 书店 bed + room → bedroom 卧室 合作探究 11 12 person /'pɜːsn / n. 人 · I don’t know the person you’re talking about. 我不知道你说的那个人。 · How many people are there in the room? 房间里有多少人？ · You can talk to him in person and he may follow your advice. 你可以亲自和他谈一谈，或许他会听你的建议。 · Sorry, sir, this is a personal plane. 对不起，先生，这是架私人飞机。 合作探究 11 person 是可数名词，复数形式一般会用people代替，但在官方或法律文件中复数形式常用persons。 常构成短语：in person 亲自 person 的形容词形式是personal，意为“个人的，私人的”，修饰名词。 合作探究 11 辨析：person，people 与man person 意为“人”，指的是单个的人，可以是男性或女性。它是一个个体名词，强调的是个人的身份和特性。是可数名词。 people 意为“人们”，着重指全体, 作集合名词，表示复数概念。 man 专指“男人”，也指“(特定历史时期的) 人、人类”(此时不用复数形式，前面不加冠词) 。 合作探究 11 13 focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ v. 集中(注意力、精力等) ；聚焦 · If you focus on the paper, you can do it better. 如果你集中精力在试卷上，你会做得更好。 · It takes a few minutes for our eyes to focus in the dark. 我们的眼睛得花好几分钟才能适应黑暗。 · It is the focus of attention at the meeting. 这是会议上关注的焦点。 · Your mistake may bring the problem into focus. 你的失误可能会把那个问题变成焦点。 合作探究 11 focus v. 集中(注意力、精力等) ；聚焦，常构成短语：focus on... 聚焦在……上。 focus 还可作名词，意为“中心点(指人或事物) ；(眼睛或镜头的) 焦距”，常见短语：the focus of... ……的焦点；bring sth. into focus 把某事变成焦点。 合作探究 11 (三) 熟词生义 14 spirit 熟义: n. 精神；情绪 生义: n. 灵魂；鬼魂；精灵 · In order to overcome difficulties, we need a spirit of moving on. 为了克服困难，我们需要一种进取精神。 · The boss is in good spirits right now. 此刻老板情绪很好。 · Three spirits will come to visit you tonight if you don’t listen to me. 如果你不听我的话，今晚三个精灵/ 鬼魂就会来拜访你。 合作探究 11 spirit n. 精神；情绪。常用搭配： (1) a/the spirit of... ……的精神 (2) (be) in good/bad spirits 情绪好/ 坏 spirit 作名词，还可意为“灵魂；鬼魂；精灵”。 合作探究 11 $$ Section A 探究一 核心单词 Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 11 (一) 高频词 1 rule /ruːl/ n. 规则；规章 · There are too many rules in my family. 我家有太多规矩了。 · No rules, no order. 没有规矩不成方圆。[谚语] · If you want to play the game, you have to follow/ obey the rules. 如果你想玩游戏，就必须遵守规则。 · You mustn’t break the traffic rules. It’s dangerous. 你一定不要违反交通规则，这是危险的。 · Smoking is against the rules on the train. 火车上吸烟违反规定。 合作探究 11 rule 是可数名词，复数形式为rules。常构成短语： follow /obey the rules 遵守规矩 break the rules 破坏规矩(主语是人) be against the rules 违反规定 (主语是事) family rules 家规 school/class rules 校规/ 班规 traffic rules 交通规则 合作探究 11 2 follow /'fɒləʊ/ v. 遵循；跟随 · It’s our duty to follow the class rules. 遵守班规是我们的义务。 · You should follow your teacher’s advice. 你应该听从老师的建议。 · Summer follows spring. 春去夏来。 · Can you follow me? 你能跟上/ 明白我吗？ · You go ahead. I’ll follow behind. 你先走，我跟在后面。 合作探究 11 follow v. 意为“遵守，遵循；听从；效仿”，固定搭配：follow the rules 遵守规则；follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议；follow one’s example 以某人为榜样。 follow 作动词，还可意为“跟随，跟上”，是及物动词，后跟名词或代词。follow sb./sth. 跟随某人/ 某物；follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人做某事。 follow 还可意为“理解，明白”。follow sb. 明白某人的意思。 follow 还可作不及物动词，构成短语follow behind跟在后面。 合作探究 11 3 arrive /ə'raɪv/ v. 到达 · The plane will arrive at the airport at 8:00 tomorrow morning. 飞机将在明早8 点到达机场。 · The ping-pong players arrive in Hong Kong. 乒乓球运动员抵达香港。 · Students get to school early every day. 学生们每天很早到校。 · Those climbers reached the top of the mountain. 那些登山者们到达了山顶。 · We should arrive/get home on time. 我们应该按时到家。 合作探究 11 arrive 意为“到达”, 是不及物动词，后面不直接跟地点，需借助介词。arrive at + 小地点(学校、酒店、车站等) arrive in + 大地点(国家、城市等) 辨析：arrive, get to 与reach arrive “到达”不及物动词，后跟地点名词时加in(大地点) 或at (小地点) 。 get to get to“到达”。若接there，here 等地点副词，to 省略。 reach “到达”及物动词，后面直接跟表示地点的名词。 合作探究 11 4 polite /pə'laɪt/ adj. 有礼貌的 · Lily is a polite girl. She always treats her parents with respect. 莉莉是个有礼貌的女孩，她总是对父母很尊重。 · We should be polite to others. 我们应该对别人有礼貌。 · It’s polite of you to greet the teachers first. 你先向老师打招呼是有礼貌的。 · “Please wait a minute,” the waiter says politely. “请稍等，” 服务员有礼貌地说道。 合作探究 11 · Politeness costs nothing but can help you win everything. 礼貌不花一分钱，但能帮你赢得一切。 · Tom is impolite because he often fights with his mother. 汤姆不礼貌因为他经常和他妈妈吵架。 合作探究 11 polite adj. 意为“有礼貌的”，可以修饰名词或作表语。常用短语：be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌 句型：It’s polite (of sb.) to do sth. (某人) 做某事有礼貌。 副词形式为politely，意为“礼貌地”，用来修饰动词或整句话。 名词形式为politeness，意为“礼貌”。 反义词为impolite，意为“不礼貌的；粗鲁的”。 合作探究 11 5 treat /triːt/ v. 对待；招待；治疗 n. 款待 · These new nurses treat the old nicely and politely. 这些新护士对待老人们很友好也很有礼貌。 · Our teachers treat us with love. 我们的老师用爱对待我们。 · Fu Xing’s father often treats him to big meals. 复兴的爸爸经常请他吃大餐。 · Chinese doctors treat patients with Chinese medicine. 中医用中药给病人治病。 合作探究 11 · I decided to treat his remark as a joke. 我决定把他的话当笑话。 · The teacher gave the whole class a treat by showing them a fun and educational movie. 老师通过给全班播放一部既有趣又有教育意义的电影来作为款待。 合作探究 11 treat 的一词多义： (1) “对待”，treat sb. with... 以……态度对待某人 (2) “款待”，treat sb. to... 用……款待某人 (3) “治疗”，treat sb. with sth. 用……给某人治疗 treat 作动词，还可意为“把……看作”。treat sb./sth. as... 把某人/ 某物看作……。 treat 还可作名词，意为“款待”。give sb. a treat 款待某人。 My treat. 我请客。(常用于口语) 圣诞用语Trick or treat. 不给糖就捣蛋。 合作探究 11 6 respect /rɪ'spekt/ n. & v. 尊敬 · You can gain others’ respect by working hard. 通过努力工作你就可以获得别人的尊重。 · Everyone here shows great respect for the old man. 这里的每个人都对那位老人表示出极大的尊重。 · They greet each other with respect. 他们带着敬意互相问候。 · People will respect you as long as you play fair. 只要你为人正直，人们就会尊重你。 合作探究 11 respect 作名词，意为“尊敬”，是不可数名词。常用搭配： gain one’s respect 获得某人的尊重 show great respect for sb. 对某人表现出极大的尊重 do sth. with respect 带着敬意做某事 respect 还可作动词，意为“尊重”。后跟名词或代词作宾语。respect sb. / one another 尊重某人/ 相互尊重 合作探究 11 7 if /ɪf/ conj. 如果 · If you follow the school rules, you’ll become a good student. 如果你遵守校规，你就会成为好学生。 · I will wash my uniform if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我就洗校服。 · Work hard if you want to get good grades. 你如果想取得好成绩，就要努力学习。 合作探究 11 · If you feel hungry, you should eat something. 如果你感到饿了，你就应该吃点东西。 · Arrive at the gate at 8:00 if possible. 如果可能的话，8 点钟到达门口。 · I wonder if you can treat me to some ice cream. 我想知道你能否请我吃一些冰激凌。 合作探究 11 if 连词，意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后；从句位于主句之前时，常用逗号将其与主句隔开。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，即“主将从现”。 主句为祈使句，从句用一般现在时，即“主祈从现”。 主句也可以使用“情态动词+ V 原形”，从句用一般现在时，即“主情从现”。 常用短语：if possible 如果可能的话。 if 还有“是否”的意思，用于宾语从句中。 合作探究 11 8 everything /'evriθɪŋ/ pron. 每件事；一切 · Everything goes well. 一切顺利。 · Everything is under control. 一切都在控制中。 · Money isn’t everything, is it? 金钱不是万能的，对吧？ · If you are lazy in spring, you will gain nothing in autumn. 如果你在春天懒惰，秋天你将一无所获。 合作探究 11 everything 是由“every + thing”构成的。 everything 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 everything 与否定词连用时，表示部分否定。 反义词为nothing。 合作探究 11 9 lend /lend/ v. 借给；借出 · I often lend money to my sister. =I often lend my sister money. 我经常借给我姐姐钱。 · Can you lend me a pair of earphones? I left mine at home. 你能借给我一副耳机吗？我的落在家里了。 · Can I borrow a pair of earphones from you? I left mine at home. 我能向你借一副耳机吗？我的落在家里了。 合作探究 11 · My neighbor borrows my things but never returns them. 我的邻居借我的东西但是从不归还。 · “You can keep the book for two weeks,” the librarian says. “这本书你可以借阅两周,” 图书管理员说。 合作探究 11 辨析：lend, borrow 与keep lend “借给；借出”。非延续性动词，指的是物主借出自己的东西。常构成短语lend sth. To sb.= lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人。 borrow “借；借入”。非延续性动词，指的是向别人借入东西。常构成短语borrow sth. From sb.=borrow sb.’s sth. 向某人借某物。 keep “保留”，延续性动词，可以和一段时间连用。 合作探究 11 图解助记: lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth. 借给某人某物 borrow sth. from sb.=borrow sb.’s sth. 向某人借某物 合作探究 11 10 feed /fiːd/ v. 喂养；饲养 · My grandma feeds chickens every day. 我奶奶每天都喂鸡。 · Please feed some fish to the cat. 请给猫喂些鱼。 · Let’s feed the monkey on/with some bananas. 让我们给猴子喂些香蕉吧。 · Pandas are black and white. They feed on bamboo. 大熊猫黑白相间。它们以竹子为食。 · The elder brother had many children to feed. 哥哥有许多孩子要养活。 合作探究 11 feed v. 喂养；饲养。用作及物动词，其后常接表示人或动物的名词作宾语。feed sb./sth. 喂某人/ 某物 feed 的常用结构： (1) feed...to... 把……喂给…… (2) feed...on/with... 用……喂养…… (3) feed on...(动物) 以……为食 feed 还可意为“养，养活(全家、一群人) ”，是及物动词。 合作探究 11 11 leave /liːv/ v. 离开；留下 · If you don’t feel well, you can tell the teacher and ask for leaving the class. 如果你感到不舒服，你可以告诉老师并请求离开课堂。 · He will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他将动身去北京。 · The boss leaves Beijing for Shanghai every Monday morning. 老板每周一早上从北京动身去上海。 · Leave me alone! 让我一个人待一会儿！ · Mary often leaves things at home. 玛丽经常把东西落在家里。 合作探究 11 leave v. “离开”，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。常见用法： (1) leave + 某地 离开某地 (2) leave for + 某地(目的地) 动身前往某地 (3) leave A(出发地) for B(目的地) 离开A 地前往B 地 leave 作动词，还可以意为“使保留，让……处于(某种状态、某地等) ；忘了带；丢下”。常见用法： (1) leave sb. alone 把某人单独留下 (2) leave sth. + 地点 把某物忘在某地 合作探究 11 12 quietly /'kwaɪətli/ adv. 轻声地；安静地 · The mother leaves the bedroom quietly. 妈妈悄悄地离开了卧室。 · With no noise, people stand there quietly with respect. 没有任何噪声，人们充满敬意地静静地站在那里。 · Everyone keeps quiet in our English class, because Ms Li is really strict. 在我们的英语课上每个人都保持安静，因为李老师非常严格。 合作探究 11 quietly adv. 意为“轻声地；安静地”。修饰动词或整句话。 其形容词形式是quiet，常构成短语：keep quiet/ be quiet保持安静。 合作探究 11 13 noise /nɔɪz/ n. 声音；噪声 · —Do you mind the noise outside? 你介意外边的噪声吗？ —Of course I do! I can’t stand all this noise. 我当然介意！我不能忍受所有的这种噪声。 · Follow the rules. You mustn’t make any noise in class. 遵守规定。一定不要在课上制造噪声。 · It’s too noisy here. I can’t fall asleep at all. 这里太吵了，我根本睡不着。 合作探究 11 noise n. 声音；噪声。既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。make a noise/noises 制造噪声 形容词形式为noisy，意为“吵闹的；嘈杂的”。 合作探究 11 (二) 拓展词 14 order /'ɔːdə(r) / n. 秩序；命令v. 点菜；命令 · The police are guardians of law and order. 警察是法律和秩序的护卫者。 · You have to put your things in order. 你必须把你的东西放好。 · We practise a song every day in order to sing best. 为了唱得最好，我们每天都练一首歌。 合作探究 11 · Are you ready to order, sir? 先生，您准备好点菜了吗？ · I order some food from the restaurant nearby. 我从附近的餐馆里订了些食物。 · Emma orders her son not to watch TV. 埃玛命令她的儿子不要看电视。 · Sir, may I take your order? 先生，您可以点菜了吗？ 合作探究 11 order “秩序”，抽象含义，是不可数名词。常构成短语：in order 整齐，秩序井然；按顺序；状况良好 in order to do sth. 为了做某事(表目的) order 还可意为“点菜；订购；命令”，既是动词也是名词。常见用法：(1) be ready to order 预备点菜 (2) take one’s order 点菜 (3) order sth. 订购某物 (4) order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 合作探究 11 “May I take your order? 您可以点菜了吗？”本句是点餐常用语, 用于服务员询问客人是否可以点餐了。作肯定回答时一般先说“Yes.”，然后说“I’d like...”说明点什么餐。 合作探究 11 15 litter /'lɪtə/ v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾 · Don’t litter everywhere. It’s bad for the environment. 不要到处乱扔垃圾, 对环境不好。 · The floor was littered with paper and books. 地板上乱扔了些纸和书。 · People around here never drop litter. 这里的人们从不乱扔垃圾。 litter v. 乱扔，可作及物动词或不及物动词。常用于被动语态。 n. 意为“垃圾”，不可数名词，常构成短语：throw/ drop litter 扔垃圾；clean up litter 清理垃圾 合作探究 11 辨析：litter 与rubbish litter 指在公共场所散落的废弃物。 rubbish 泛指各种类型的废弃物。 合作探究 11 16 sweet /swiːt/ n. 糖果 adj. 甜的 · The dentist tells the boy not to eat sweets. 牙医告诫这个男孩不要吃糖。 · The dish tastes a bit sweet. 这道菜尝起来有点儿甜。 · My little sister really has a sweet tooth. 我的小妹妹真的爱吃甜食。 · The girl’s voice sounds clear and sweet. 那女孩的嗓音听起来清脆而甜美。 合作探究 11 · Tina has a sweet voice. We all like her program. 蒂娜有着甜美的嗓音。我们都喜欢她的节目。 · You can have some more sweet. 你可以再吃点儿甜食。 合作探究 11 sweet n. 糖果，可数名词。 adj. 甜的。have/has a sweet tooth 意为“爱吃甜食”。 sweet 的其他常见用法：(1) adj. (气味) 芳香的； (2) adj.(声音) 悦耳的，好听的 sound sweet 听起来甜美 have a sweet voice 有着甜美的嗓音 (3) n. (餐后的) 甜点，甜食(既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词) (4) n. (称呼亲爱的人) 亲爱的，宝贝儿 合作探究 11 $$ Section A 探究三 核心句式 Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 11 1 No Rules, No Order 没有规则就没有秩序 分析结构: 本句是由“No + 名词”构成。“No Rules”和“No Order”是两个并列的短语，传达出如果没有规则，就不会有秩序的意思。通过重复“No + 名词”的结构，起到一种强调的效果，强调规则和秩序之间的紧密联系，即规则是秩序的前提。 ·No pain, no gain. 不劳无获。 ·No dream, no drive. 没有梦想，就没有动力。 no..., no... 的并列结构，用来表达一种条件或因果关系。 合作探究 11 2 Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 有礼貌并且尊重每个人。 分析结构: 这句话是祈使句，由并列连词and 连接Be polite 和treat everyone with respect。本句包含了两种祈使句句型：Be (即Be 动词+ adj. 或名词短语) 型 和Do (即动词原形+ 宾语+ 其他) 型。 合作探究 11 ·Be quiet in the hospital! 在医院要保持安静！ ·Be a good child! 当个好孩子！ ·Listen to me carefully! 认真听我讲话！ ·Open the door, please. 请开门。 祈使句是英语中的一个句式，用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等。 肯定祈使句的常见句型结构：Be 型：Be + 表语. Do 型：动词原形 + 宾语 + 其他. 合作探究 11 3 You mustn’t litter. 禁止你乱扔垃圾。 分析结构: 主语是“You”，表示“你(们) ”，是动作的执行者。“mustn’t”是“must not”的缩写形式，情态动词，表示“禁止、不许”的意思，和后面的动词原形litter 一起构成谓语。本句通过“mustn’t”表达禁止的含义，直接告诉“You(你/ 你们) ”不要做“litter(乱扔垃圾) ”这个行为。 合作探究 11 · You mustn’t go swimming in the river.禁止你去河里游泳。 · You mustn’t talk loudly in the library. = Don’t talk loudly in the library. 在图书馆里不准大声说话。 “You mustn’t + 动词原形.”表示“禁止做某事。” “You mustn’t + 动词原形+ 其他.”的同义句为“Don’t + 动词原形+ 其他.”。 合作探究 11 4 No, we can’t eat in class. 不，我们不能在课堂上吃东西。 分析结构: 这句话属于主谓结构。we 是主语，can’t eat 是谓语，can’t 表示“不能，不可以”，指的是“不允许”。eat 是实义动词，意为“吃”，两者一起构成谓语。In class 状语，表示动作发生的地点是“在课堂上”，修饰谓语动词eat，说明“吃”这个动作发生的地点限制。 合作探究 11 · You can’t smoke in a room with babies. 你不能在婴儿房吸烟。 · —Can I bring my snacks to the dining hall? 我能把我的零食拿到餐厅吗？ —No, you can’t. It’s not allowed. 不，你不能。这是不被允许的。 · I can’t swim at all. 我根本不会游泳。 合作探究 11 句式“主语+ can’t + 动词原形.”可以用于传达某种规则或者禁令，表示不能或不允许做某事。 一般疑问句结构“Can +主语 + 动词原形+ 其他？”，用来询问许可，意为“……能不能做某事？”。 “主语+ can’t + 动词原形.”也可以表示能力，表达“不会做某事。” 合作探究 11 $$ Section A 探究四 语音知识 Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 11 1 字母e 的发音 1 在开音节中，字母e 发长元音/iː/ 发音方法：发音时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量向上颚抬起。嘴唇向两旁伸开，成扁平形。注意一定要把音发足。 例词: these, complete, he, she, we 字母e、字母组合e a , e e , e a r 及英文句子的重读规则(一) 合作探究 11 2 在重读闭音节中，字母e 发/e/ 发音方法：发音时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起；上下齿之间可容纳一个食指。 例词: hen, mend, spend, bed, pet 合作探究 11 2 字母组合ea 的发音 1 在开音节中，字母组合ea 通常发长元音/iː/ 例词: eat, meat, cheat 2 在闭音节中，字母组合ea 通常发/e/ 例词: head, bread, dead 3 字母组合ea 还可以发/ɪə/ 发音方法：发音时从/ɪ/ 音滑向/ə/ 音，前面的/ɪ/ 发音较清楚，后面的/ə/ 较弱，此音一定要发足。 例词: idea, real, theatre 合作探究 11 3 字母组合ee 的发音 在大多数情况下，字母组合ee 发长音/iː/ 例词: bee, see, tree, green, sheep, meet, beef, week 特殊发音：有少数特殊情况，ee 组合会发短音/i/ 例词: coffee 咖啡(这可能是因为“coffee” 属于外来词，外来词在发音的时候可能不遵守本身的发音规则。) 合作探究 11 4 字母组合ear 的发音 1 当ear 出现在单词的中间或者末尾时，通常发音为/ɪə/ 例词: hear, near, dear, appear, clear 2 当ear 在非重读音节时，通常发音为/eə/ 发音方法：发音时，从/e/ 音滑向/ə/ 音，发音时舌端抵下齿，前舌略抬起，双唇半开，/ə/ 音较轻。 例词: bear pear wear 合作探究 11 5 英文句子的重读规则(一) 1 关键词重读 在句子中，为了强调某个重要的信息或概念，通常会对这些关键词进行重读。例如，“Be on time.”中的“on time”。 2 句子结构重读 在句子中，为了表达清晰的语义和节奏，通常会根据句子的结构进行重读。例如，在祈使句中，动词通常会被重读以表达命令或请求。 合作探究 11 3 节奏和强调 通过重读某些词汇，可以形成句子的节奏感和强调效果。例如，“Keeping the rules is good for us!”这句话中，“good for us”被重读，以强调遵守规则的好处。 4 情感表达 重读还可以用来表达情感。例如，在强调某个积极或消极的信息时，会通过重读来加强情感的表达。“Don’t be late for class.”这句话通过重读“late”来表达对准时上课的强调和重视。 合作探究 11 $$ Section B How can rules help us? Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 11 1a What are some of the rules in your home? What do you think about them? 1b Read Alice’s letter to Dr Know and Dr Know’s reply. Then answer the questions. 1. Why is Alice unhappy? 2. Does Dr Know think Alice is right? Because there are too many rules in her life. No, he doesn’t. 自主学习 11 Dear Dr Know, Help! There are too many rules in my life! Every morning, I have to make my bed before breakfast. I have to hurry to school because I can’t be late for school. When I’m in school, I mustn’t use my phone in class either. 长难句分析：本句是There be句型， 用来表示某处有某物。 长难句分析：本句是复合句，从句是When引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。主句是I mustn’t use my phone in class either 自主学习 11 And I have to wear the uniform. After school, there are even more rules! I have to finish my homework first. I can only play basketball after I practise the piano. I can’t hang out with my friends on weekdays. I know some rules are important, but this is awful! What can I do? Yours, Alice 自主学习 11 Dear Alice, Yes, there are many rules in life! But they can help you to become a better person. You mustn’t be late for class. That shows respect for your class and teacher. You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning. You have to wear a uniform because it builds school spirit. 自主学习 11 You can also think about the things you can do! You can use your phone at home. You can relax after you finish your homework. And you can hang out with friends at weekends! I know it’s hard, but rules can help to make the world better. Remember: No rules, no order! Best, Dr Know = on weekends 在周末 自主学习 11 从教材语篇1b 挖中考设问 What’s Dr Know’s purpose (目的) of saying “Yes, there are many rules in life!” to Alice first? _______ A. To teach Alice how to follow the rules. B. To comfort (安慰) Alice. C. To tell Alice her parents are wrong. D. To show Alice the importance of rules. B 自主学习 11 1c Read the letters again and complete Alice’s notes about her problem. Home rules have to _____________ before ____________ have to _____________ because I _____________ for school have to _______________________ and ______________________ before I can play basketball can’t _____________ with my friends on weekdays make my bed breakfast hurry to school can’t be late finish my homework first practise the piano hang out 自主学习 11 School rules mustn’t use ______________ in class must only wear ___________________ my phone the uniform 自主学习 11 Dr Know’s advice understand rules help me to become a _________________ think about the things I _________________ understand rules help to make ________________________ better person can do the world better 自主学习 11 从教材习题1c 中学中考解题策略 细节核对法 细节理解题是阅读理解中最常见的题型。做这类题时，可以先带着问题去阅读文章，扫描和搜寻信息点，对号入座，快速确定答案。教材题目1c: 结合表中几项特定信息Home rules, School rules, Dr Know’s advice, 有针对性地在文章中寻找对应的信息，完成表格。 自主学习 11 2a Complete the letter to Dr Know using can, have to/ must , or can’t/ mustn’t . Dear Dr Know, Can you help me? I ______________ follow too many rules at home and at school. I ________________ clean my room every day, and I _________________ let my desk get untidy. At school, I ________________ wear my own clothes. I _______________ wear my favourite cap either. have to/must have to/must can’t/mustn’t can’t/mustn’t can’t/mustn’t 自主学习 11 After school, I _______ watch T V, but only after I finish my homework, walk the dog, and do lots of other things! I can’t even relax at weekends, because I ________________ practise the violin every day! I never have fun. What _________ I do? Yours, Eric can have to/must can 自主学习 11 2b Choose three important rules from 2a. Discuss the questions with a partner. •Why is each rule important? •What is your advice for each rule? 自主学习 11 2c Write a reply to Eric as Dr Know. Give him some advice. Dear Eric, I know it can be difficult to follow many rules. But rules can be good for us... 长难句分析：此句是宾语从句，从句是it can be difficult to follow many rules ，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是to follow many rules。 自主学习 11 $$ 单元写作 写与规章制度相关的文章 Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 11 写作维度 本单元的话题是“规章制度”。这一类话题相关的写作通常要求介绍一些规定并发表自己的看法。写作时，注意祈使句的应用和正确使用情态动词must、have to 及can。 单元写作 11 写作支架/ 模版 写与规章制度相关的文章 开篇点题，引出下文 介绍校规 发表自己的看法 单元写作 11 黄金语料(从教材内外积累好句) 开头段: ① We have too many rules at school. ② I’d like to tell you some of our school rules. ③ I’m writing to tell you some of our school rules. 单元写作 11 主题段: ① I have to get up at 6:30 every morning because I have to go to school at 7:20. ② We can never arrive late. ③ We must keep the classroom clean all the time. ④ We have to wear school uniforms at school. ⑤ We can’t run in the hallways. ⑥ Don’t use your phone in class. 单元写作 11 结尾段: ① These rules are strict. But I think the school makes rules to help us, so we must follow them. ② I think the rules are good for us. ③ All in all, school rules are good for us teenagers, but some are too strict. 单元写作 11 经典例题(从经典例题学会审题) 国有国法，家有家规。在你的学校中一定有很多规章制度来规范中学生的行为，使学生们都能健康成长。假如你是Tom，请根据下表提示，以My School Rules 为题写一篇短文，谈谈你们学校的校规，并谈谈你的看法。 审主题：介绍规章制度 审人称：第一人称 审体裁: 说明文 单元写作 11 Things we can do: Things we can’t do: (1) 课上认真听讲 (2) 保持教室整洁 (3) 在校穿校服…… (1) 课堂上不讲闲话 (2) 不带食物进教室 (3) 在校不打架 你的看法：…… 审时态：一般现在时 审要点: 介绍校规 及表达看法 单元写作 11 要求：1. 语言表达准确，语意通顺、连贯； 2. 书写工整、规范； 3. 根据所给内容，请作适当发挥； 4. 词数80 左右。文章的题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。 My School Rules Every school has rules for students. As a student, we must obey them. ____________________________________________________ 单元写作 11 精彩范文展示 My School Rules Every school has rules for students. As a student, we must obey them. First of all, we can’t talk with each other in class. We should listen to the teachers carefully. We can’t bring food or drinks to the classroom. We have to keep our classroom quiet and clean. 教材原句: ①I can’t hang out with my friends on weekdays. (教材P14) 单元写作 11 Then, after class, we have to finish our homework on time. One more thing, we have to wear our school uniforms at school. Besides, we must protect trees, grass, and flowers there because they make our school more beautiful. At last, we should get on well with our teachers and classmates. Don’t fight with each other. 教材原句: ② I have to hurry to school be cause I can’t be late for school. (教材P14) 教材原句: ③ Don’t be late for school. (教材P14) 单元写作 11 Although we have different views on the rules, I think everyone should obey the school rules. 单元写作 11 【亮点词块】 keep our classroom quiet and clean 保持教室安静、干净 on time 准时 wear our school uniforms 穿校服 protect trees 保护树木 get on well with 与……好好相处 单元写作 11 【高分句子】 Besides, we must protect trees, grass, and flowers there because they make our school more beautiful. (besides 另外；because 引导原因状语从句) 此外，我们必须保护那里的树木、草和花，因为它们使我们的学校更美丽。 Don’t fight with each other.(祈使句的否定形式) 不要互相打架。 单元写作 11 实战演练 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike 想了解一下你们学校的校规，请根据以下思维导图写一封英文邮件，介绍一下你们的校规。70 词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 School Rules 在教室 不迟到；认真听讲；礼貌待人；保管好自己的物品等。 在实验室 禁止带食物和饮料；禁止独自进入实验室；每周打扫两次实验室的卫生等。 在餐厅 排队等候；禁止大声喧哗；不乱扔食物等。 单元写作 11 Dear Mike, I’d like to introduce our school rules to you. _____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 单元写作 11 范文参考 Dear Mike, I’d like to introduce our school rules to you. In the classroom, we can’t be late for class. We must listen carefully. We also need to be polite. We should also take care of our own things and so on. In the lab, we are not allowed to bring food or drinks. We are forbidden to enter the lab alone. We have to clean the lab twice a week. At the dining room, we have to wait in line. We are forbidden to talk loudly. We can’t throw food around and so on. Yours, Li Hua 单元写作 11 $$ 单元知识梳理 Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 11 重点单词 1. rule n. 规则；规章school rules 学校规则 →follow the rules 遵守规则 →break a rule 违反规则 2. order n. 秩序 v. 点菜→keep... in good order 使……井然有序 →n. 点菜 take one’s order 点菜→v. 命令；订购 3. follow v. 遵循；跟随→follow one’s advice 听从某人的建议 →v. 理解；明白(说明或意思) 单元知识梳理 11 4. arrive v. 到达→arrive in + 大地点(国家、城市等) 到达…… →arrive at + 小地点(学校、酒店、车站等) 到达…… 5. uniform n. 校服；制服→school uniform 校服 6. litter v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾→rubbish(同义词) →drop/throw litter 乱扔垃圾→clean up litter 清理垃圾 7. polite adj. 有礼貌的→be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌 →impolite adj. 没有礼貌的；粗鲁的 →politely adv. 礼貌地；客气地 单元知识梳理 11 8. treat v. 对待；招待；治疗n. 款待→treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃某物 →give sb. a treat 招待某人→It’s my treat. 我请客。 →v. 对待，看待 treat...as... 把……看作……；把……视为…… 9. respect n. & v. 尊敬 10. if conj. 如果 11. everything pron. 每件事；一切→something 某事物 →anything 任何事物→nothing 没有东西 单元知识梳理 11 12. lend v. 借给；借出→lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物 13. sweet n. 糖果adj. 甜的→have a sweet tooth 爱吃甜食 14. snack n. 点心；小吃 15. mobile adj. 可移动的→mobile payment 移动支付 16. feed v. 喂养；饲养→feed...to... 把……喂给…… →feed...on/with... 用……喂养…… →feed on...(动物) 以……为食→v. 养；养活 单元知识梳理 11 17. leave v. 离开；留下→leave for... 离开去…… →leave... for... 离开……去…… 18. absent adj. 缺席的；不在的→absence n. 缺席；不在 19. quietly adv. 轻声地；安静地→quiet adj. 安静的 20. belt n. 安全带；腰带；皮带→the Belt and Road 一带一路 →seat belt 安全带 21. noise n. 声音；噪声→make a noise 制造噪音→noisy adj. 吵闹的 22. unhappy adj. 不快乐的→happy adj. 快乐的(反义词) 单元知识梳理 11 23. either adv. 也(用于否定词组后) 24. practise v. 训练；练习→practise doing sth. 练习做某事 →practice n. 练习，实践 →Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。(谚语) 25. hang v. 悬挂→过去式及过去分词hung，hung →hang up 挂断电话 26. weekday n. 工作日(星期一至星期五的任何一天) →on weekdays 在工作日→weekend n. 周末 单元知识梳理 11 27. awful adj. 糟糕的；讨厌的 28. become v. 变成；成为 29. better adj. 较好的adv. 较好地→原级good/well 最高级best 30. person n. 人 in person 亲自→personal adj. 个人的；私人的 31. focus v. 集中(注意力、精力等)；聚焦 32. build v. 创建；建造building n. 建筑物→v. 发展；逐渐增强 →n. 体格；体形；身材→be of medium build 中等身材 单元知识梳理 11 33. relax v. 放松；休息→=rest/have a rest →relax oneself 放松某人自己 →relaxing adj. 令人放松的 →relaxed adj. 感到放松的 34. advice n. 建议；意见→a piece of advice 一条建议 →advise v. 劝告；建议 35. untidy adj. 不整洁的→tidy adj. 整齐的(反义词) 单元知识梳理 11 重点短语 1. late for 迟到 2. on time 准时 3. wear the school uniform 穿校服 4. keep your school clean and tidy 保持你的学校干净整洁 5. treat everyone with respect 尊重每个人 6. put up your hand 举手=raise your hand 7. keep the rules 遵守规则 单元知识梳理 11 8. have to 不得不 9. of course 当然 10. answer my phone 接我的电话 11. bring...to... 把……带到…… 12. mobile phone 手机 13. turn off 关掉(水、电或煤气) 14. jump the queue 插队 15. absent from 缺席；不在 单元知识梳理 11 16. look at 看 17. put on your seat belt 系上你的安全带 18. keep quiet 保持安静 19. too many 太多 20. make sb.’s/the bed 整理床铺；铺床 21. play basketball 打篮球 22. practise the piano 练习钢琴 单元知识梳理 11 23. hang out 闲逛；常去某处 24. focus on 集中(注意力、精力等) 于 25. think about 思考；考虑 单元知识梳理 11 重点句子 1. Don’t be late for school. Arrive on time. 不要上学迟到。准时到达。 2. Wear the school uniform. 穿校服。 3. Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy. 不要乱扔垃圾。保持学校干净整洁。 4. Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 要礼貌待人，尊重每个人。 单元知识梳理 11 5. Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question. 如果你想问老师问题，请举手。 6. —Can Mary run in the hallway? 玛丽可以在走廊里跑吗？ —No, she can’t. She has to walk in the hallway. 不，她不能。她必须在走廊里走。 7. —Thanks for telling me, Anne. 谢谢你告诉我，安妮。 —You’re welcome, Tom. 不客气，汤姆。 单元知识梳理 11 8. No eating or drinking. 禁止吃喝。 9. You can’t/mustn’t eat or drink. 你不可以/ 不准吃或喝。 10. There are too many rules in my life! 我的生活中有太多规则了！ 单元知识梳理 11 $$