广东省惠州市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

惠州市 2023—2024 学年度第一学期期末质量检测 高一英语试题 (本卷满分 130 分, 考试时间 120 分钟) 注意事项： 1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定的位置上。 2. 回答选择题时,选出每题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需 要改动，先用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上, 写在试卷上无效。 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 60 分） 第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 3 分，满分 45 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Chances are that you have spent way too much time in front of your screen in the past few months. This year, let’s get outdoors. Below are a few places that’ll have you feeling refreshed. The classic: Vermont In Vermont, nature always takes center stage. Whether it’s the snowy mountains in winter, the wildflowers in spring, swimming holes in summer, or the colorful leaves in fall, there’s always something new to explore. Hit the Green Mountains for camping, skiing, and rafting adventures. The relaxing island: Jekyll Island If you’re looking to relax, Jekyll Island is the place to go. You’ll have seven beaches to choose from. While you’re there, visit the Georgia Sea Turtle Center, which offers tours and educational programs about the preservation of this endangered species. The hidden gem: Tenerife Tenerife might not be as well-known as some other islands, but that’ll change soon thanks to new direct flights from the East Coast. It’s packed with natural wonders, vineyards and beaches. Spend the day whale watching and then head out for stargazing at night. The adventurous pick: Costa Rica Costa Rica is a popular spot that still feels undiscovered. Hike through lava fields or zip line above the jungle for an exciting adventure. Head to the beach with your favorite surfing board, do morning yoga, or simply relax all day. For a taste of local culture, visit a coffee farm or wander through Santa Teresa for drinks with a view. For more brochures about other package tours outdoors, contact us at packagetours@travel.org. 1. Which place will attract animal protectors? A. Tenerife. B. Vermont. C. Costa Rica. D. Jekyll Island. 2. What can travelers do in Costa Rica? A. Go skiing. B. Go surfing. C. Go camping. D. Go stargazing. 3. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. A newspaper. C. A travel journal. D. A travel brochure. B We’re about 4 miles from Gallaudet University, where Solomon is a professor of biology. She and a student – Anna McCall – are taking a small boat to collect water samples from the Anacostia River. The river is no more than 8 miles long, but it goes through and around Washington, DC. For months, Solomon and her students have been testing for oxygen, salt levels and chlorophyll (叶绿素) in the river to judge its present state of health, which unfortunately appears to be poor. To McCall, who was born deaf, Solomon is more than a role model. She’s a great teacher, strict but fair. McCall said,“if it weren’t for Solomon, I couldn’t imagine doing this kind of work.” Solomon was the only deaf person in her family. In school, she was always good at math and science, but her interest in the environment didn’t develop until she was a teenager. “When I was in high school, my dad was a visiting professor at the U.S. Naval Academy,” Solomon said. “We rented a house by a small river. We weren’t able to swim in the river because it was too polluted.” Solomon, who won 13 gold medals in swimming in the Deaflympics, would never forget that polluted river near her house. A career in science and environmental studies became her passion. But she also found another passion (热情 ) : “How can I influence other deaf and hard-of-hearing students?” It was a question based on Solomon’s own experience as a college student, first as an undergraduate(本科生) at Harvard, then as a graduate student at the University of Washington. These were schools where she was usually the only deaf person in the class. Training the next generation of biologists who happen to be deaf has become Solomon’s goal, and for that she has received high praise at Gallaudet. Not because she’s an especially gifted teacher, but because she has learned how to get her students to focus on what they’re capable of, not what they’re limited by. 4. What can we learn about Anna McCall? A. She is a deaf student of Solomon’s. B. She is a role model for all students. C. She is a river cleaner in Washington DC. D. She is a professor at Gallaudet University. 5. Which of the following words best describe Solomon as a teenager? A. Honest and brave. B. Passionate and positive. C. Patient and powerful. D. Selfless and careful. 6. Why has Solomon received high praise at Gallaudet? A. Because she has been very strict with her students. B. Because she has a natural ability to be a good teacher. C. Because she has helped her students develop their abilities. D. Because she has helped her students know their limitations. 7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. How to Take Water Samples of a River. B. How to Become a Successful Biologist. C. Train the Next Generation of Biologists. D. Teach Deaf Students They Can Do Anything. C Not all birds sing, but some species(物种) do it a lot. They sing to protect their place and impress possible mates(配偶). “Why birds sing is relatively well-answered,” says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist at the University of Southern Denmark. The big question was : Why do birds sing so often? In a new study, Adam and her team members offer a new explanation, suggesting that songbirds may have to sing a lot to give their vocal(声音的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality song. These findings could be related to human voices too. “Anytime you stop speaking, you might experience a loss in vocal performance,” said Adam, “songbirds one day could help us improve how we train and restore our own voices.” To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsong require daily exercise, Adam designed a set of experiments on zebra finches. One of her first experiments was about taking males at the top of their game, and cutting off the connection between their brains and singing muscles. “After two days, they had lost some of their performance,” she said. “And after three weeks, they were back to the same level when they were young and never had sung before.” Next, she prevented the birds from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark almost around the clock. After a week, the birds’ vocal muscles lost half their strength. When she played it for a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily. Adam’s finding is that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance song. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and they get less attractive to females.” It’s a good rule to live by, whether you’re a bird or a human — practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one’s heart out. 8. What’s the focus of Adam and her team members’ study? A. How birds train their vocal muscles. B. The effect of music on birds’ behaviour. C. The relationship between brain function and birds’ song. D. Whether birds need to sing often to keep their singing ability. 9. What was the effect of preventing the birds from singing for a week? A. Their vocal muscles became stronger. B. They became more attractive to females. C. Their vocal muscles lost half their strength. D. They didn’t show any change in singing performance. 10. How did the female birds react to the male bird using vocal muscles daily? A. They did not show any preference. B. Most of them preferred his song. C. They found his song less attractive. D. None of them were interested in his song. 11. What’s the main message conveyed by the study? A. Birds need to sing to impress possible mates. B. Birds sing to mark their place and attract females. C. Regular exercise is for keeping birds singing performance. D. Human singing performance can be improved by studying songs. D There are thousands of languages in the world. But which language is the oldest? Experts use different methods to find out the age of a language. Finding the oldest language is a challenging task, according to Danny Hieber, an expert in the study of endangered languages. “If we think that most languages can date back to an original human language, all languages are equally old,” Hieber said. However, it’s impossible to find out such language — the direct ancestor of every language in the world. Accordingly, some experts believe that the “oldest language” should belong to one with a well-established written record. Many of the earliest recorded examples of writing come from languages that used cuneiform script(楔形文字). Among these languages are Sumerian and Akkadian, both dating back at least 4,600 years. Experts have also found Egyptian hieroglyphs(象形字 ) that date to around the same historical period. These hieroglyphs, which can be translated into “He has united the Two Lands for his son, Dual King Peribsen,” are considered the earliest complete sentence ever discovered. Experts generally agree that Sumerian, Akkadian and Egyptian are the oldest languages with a clear written record. All three are extinct, meaning that they are no longer used and do not have any living followers which can carry the language to the next generation. As for the oldest language that is still spoken, several competitors appear. Hebrew and Arabic stand out among such languages for having timelines that experts can reasonably find, according to Hieber. Although these earliest written languages only date back around 3,000 years, Hieber said, “both of them belong to the Afroasiatic language family, whose roots date back to 18,000 to 8,000 B.C.E., or about 20,000 to 10,000 years ago.” Even with this wide period of time, it is widely accepted that Afroasiatic is the oldest language family. But the exact point in time when Hebrew and Arabic separated from other Afroasiatic languages is heavily debated among experts. 12. How do experts determine the age of a language? A. By studying its spoken dialects. B. By analyzing its basic grammar. C. By examining its written records. D. By comparing it to other languages. 13. What is the value of the Egyptian hieroglyphs? A. They’re an example of cuneiform script. B. They belong to the Afroasiatic language. C. They provide evidence of the oldest language. D. They’re the earliest-known complete sentences. 14. What does the underlined word “extinct” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Gone. B. Ancient. C. Outdated. D. Active. 15. What is the main disagreement among experts regarding Hebrew and Arabic? A. The reason for their standing out. B. The exact time of their separation. C. The appearance of their competitors. D. The roots of earliest written languages. How to Host a Book Swa 第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 15 分） p If you love the written word, you probably have a pile of books somewhere in your home. 16._______________ If you’re becoming alarmed at the price of new books, hold a book swap. The idea is pretty simple: Guests bring books to share, and the accumulated books are then redistributed to new owners. If you’ve never held a book swap before, here are a few tips. Send out invitations.A formal invitation should include the address, date and duration. A 2 to 3 hour party gives everyone a chance to enjoy the time and leave happy. 17._______________ Three books is pretty standard. If you want extras around, don’t set a maximum. Provide enough space. Some people use one large dining table and start piling up books when they run out of space.18._______________ They can offer people a chance to consider their selections without having to juggle(同时应付) piles of books while they’re doing it. 19._______________ To make sure guests can find what interests them, the easiest way to do this is to mark sections on the table for specific types of books. When people arrive, hand out a brief set of instructions, asking them to place their books in the right category. Make it a party. When you’re in the planning stages, think party and you’ll be one step ahead of the game. 20._______________ Create some good interactions with a little background music. Have an area set aside for coats and bags. Remember, you are hosting a party! A. Organize books by types. B. Prepare different kinds of books. C. Offer food that’s easy to eat in a bite or two. D. However, the area around the book table may be small. E. But there’s always a new book around that interests you. F. Actually, a couple of tables can take care of the problem. G. It’s also a good idea to limit the number of books guests bring. 第二部分 语言运用（共五节，满分 50 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） Like most of her schoolmates in rural Zimbabwe, 12-year-old Melisa has just one type of food in the meal container she brings from home. Today she finds 21 sweet potatoes. Her friend Nyarai has plain rice. Others’ tins 22 roasted nuts, dried fish, or boiled corn. “We bring different foods, but nobody has a 23 meal,” explains Melisa. Kids with too little food have fainted(晕倒) in class or 24 dropped out of school. But now Melisa and her schoolmates are getting 25 when it comes to what they eat and kids with too little food are getting more, because they are sharing what’s in their tins. At lunch, students 26 around the schoolyard in small groups that they call “lunch-tin clubs.” With their parents’ 27 , they split up their food. Nyarai finds her rice tastier when she shares it with Farisai and Linnet, who share their drink or dried pieces of meat with her. “ 28 brings variety to the food we eat,” Farisai says. “And it is good for our health too.” The clubs also 29 new friendships. Although Dennis and Prince live near each other and are classmates, they 30 talked or played together before. Now, Prince says, “We are best friends at school and at home.” Irene, a student teacher, sees another 31 to the clubs. Kids now freely share school supplies without quarreling. The school does not have enough for everyone, so two kids may sit on one chair, and four may use the 32 book. “It’s difficult to share food when you are 33 ,” Irene says. “If you can do that, it becomes 34 to share many other things.” The Lunch-Tin clubs contributes to sharing food and forming 35 . 21. A. uncooked B. eaten C. boiled D. incomplete 22. A. hold B. cover C. press D. roll 23. A. specific B. complete C. similar D. classic 24. A. even B. suddenly C. hardly D. ever 25. A. advice B. strength C. money D. variety 26. A. walk B. sit C. look D. gather 27. A. attention B. care C. permission D. hope 28. A. Exploring B. Sharing C. Delivering D. Working 29. A. wish B. suggest C. encourage D. change 30. A. gradually B. often C. really D. rarely 31. A. benefit B. help C. way D. success 32. A. new B. same C. old D. different 33. A. sad B. excited C. hungry D. comfortable 34. A. wiser B. easier C. harder D. calmer 35. A. groups B. habits C. methods D. friendships 第二节 （共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分） 阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tai Chi is part of China’s traditional culture. It is a unique type of Chinese kung fu marked with slow and gentle movements 36 are designed for self-protection, strengthening of body and prevention of diseases. Tai Chi’ s movements with deep breathing and relaxation can help promote inner peace and calm, so it is suitable 37 people of different ages. Tai Chi 38 (date) back as far as 2,500 years. It is said that Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, invented Tai Chi after watching 39 fight between a snake and a bird. However, more people tend to believe that Tai Chi 40 ( develop ) on the basis of martial arts skills by Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts. In general, it is believed that Tai Chi can slow down aging , strengthen muscles, and aid in the treatment of heart disease, skin diseases and many other 41 (illness). Besides, Tai Chi can improve mood if people are worried or depressed. According to some studies, 42 (practice ) Tai Chi on a daily basis can also help people get a 43 (good) sleep. With so many benefits of Tai Chi, more and more people begin to pick up this 44 (amaze) Chinese traditional sport to improve the quality of 45 (they) life. 第三节 请用括号内单词的适当形式填空。(共 6 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 6 分) 46. Alice got ____________ (annoy) with his younger brother Tom, because he always talked to her while she was reading. 47. ____________ (actual), Lucy has been doing well in her studies as well as her extra curriculum in high school. 48. If you hope to find some more _________ (detail) information, please feel free to contact us. 49. Part of Lang Ping’s success is due to her strong ____________ (determine) . 50. Illegal hunting is threatening the ____________ (survive) of the wildlife. As a result, effective measures must be taken. 51. Museums will often hold exhibitions targeted at ____________ (variety) age groups. 第四节 请在空格内填入一个恰当的单词。 (共 7 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 7 分) 52. In ancient China lived an artist ____________ paintings were almost lifelike. 53. It’s widely recognized that we have entered into an age ____________ dreams have the best chance of coming true. 54. William once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from ____________ we can learn without repeating them. 55. There they met people from other parts of the country, ____________ also volunteered to help those struggling in the disaster. 56. All ____________ should be done has been done. 57. The restaurant ____________ we had dinner last night was very expensive, because it was near the tourist attraction. 58. The reason ____________ Sam quit the training was not convincing. 第五节 阅读下面句子，根据中文提示从方框内选择合适的单词，在空白处填入其适当形 式。 (共 7 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 7 分) sweep away, as if, in ruins, be responsible for date back to, rather than, prefer to, in shock 59. The Mexican boy usually ____________ (更喜欢) use his hands instead of eating with tools. 60. By apologizing, parents teach their kids the importance of ____________ (对……负责 ) one’s behavior. 61. Once I started thinking about fitness ____________ (而不是 ) weight, things began to change. 62. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her ____________ (好像) she were their mother. 63. Within fifteen terrible seconds, a large city lay ____________ (沦为废墟). 64. Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history which ____________ (追溯到 ) more than 1,000 years ago. 65. Fishermen, tourists, hotels and cars ____________ (被冲走) by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. 第三部分 写作（共一节，满分 20 分） 假设你是惠州学生代表李华，你校的英国交换生 Chris 刚刚来校，感到一切都很陌生。 他在邮件中向你询问如何尽快融入新环境。请根据以下信息回信，内容包括： 1. 表示关心； 2. 提出建议。 注意： 1. 词数为 80词左右； 2. 邮件的开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua