第12讲 语法填空专题之说明介绍（讲义）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（湖南专用）

第12 讲 语法填空专题之说明介绍 目录 板块一 题型知识讲解 1 板块二 名校模考题训练 5 板块三 全国优秀试题题改编 8 板块四 中考真题练手 11 板块一 题型知识讲解 【命题规律】 1.新中考语法填空语篇类型为说明文和记叙文,语篇长度在200词左右。选材贴近考生生活实际渗透对考生的语言能力、文化意识和思维品质这三大学科核心素养的考查。 2.语法填空考查关键能力,突出必备知识的基础作用。有提示词的题注重对名词代词形容词、副词、动词时态语态、主谓一致、必备知识的考查;无提示词的题重点考查定语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、状语从句、并列连词、冠词、介词等。另外语法填空含有对长难句结构分析和句意理解的考查。 【备考策略】 1.熟练掌握词汇。熟练掌握词性变化,在备考中重点训练形容词与名词、形容词与副词、动词与名词等的转化和一些固定搭配。 2.夯实语法基础。训练在语境中运用动词的时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、并列连词和主从复合句等重点语法。 3.剖析句子结构。强化训练分析句子结构的能力,特别注意含有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的主从复合句的句子结构。 4.明确答题技巧。熟练掌握常用的答题技巧,明确答题方向。 【解题技巧】 本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。 名词解题方法： 1. 单复数判断：根据句子主谓一致或修饰词判断名词是用单数还是复数。 2. 可数与不可数：注意名词前的限定词（如many、much、a few、a little等），判断名词是否可数。 3. 名词所有格：注意表示所属关系时需使用’s或者of结构。 例1：The ______ (child) are playing in the park. 例2：This is my ______ (friend) book. 动词解题方法： 1. 时态判断：根据时间状语或上下文语境，选择正确的时态。 2. 主谓一致：主语为单数，动词用单数形式；主语为复数，动词用复数形式。 3. 非谓语动词：注意动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式的使用。 例1：She ______ (go) to the library every Sunday. 例2：He enjoys ______ (read) books in his free time. 形容词解题方法： 1. 比较级与最高级：根据句中提示词（如than、the most）判断使用比较级或最高级。 2. 形容词的位置：形容词通常位于名词前或连系动词后。 例1：This movie is ______ (interesting) than that one. 例2：The sky looks ______ (beautiful) today. 副词解题方法： 1. 副词的位置：副词可位于动词前后，形容词前，或句首。 2. 副词与形容词区分：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。 例1：He speaks English very ______ (fluent). 例2：She runs ______ (fast) than her brother. 介词解题方法： 1. 固定搭配：记忆常用介词搭配（如depend on, good at等）。 2. 时间和地点：根据语境判断使用in、on、at等。 例1：He is good ______ math. 例2：They arrived ______ the station at 8 a.m. 冠词解题方法： 1. 定冠词与不定冠词：根据名词是否特指选择the或a/an。 2. 特殊用法：注意固定表达（如in a hurry, the same等）。 例1：She wants to buy ______ apple. 例2：______ sun rises in the east. 代词解题方法： 1. 人称代词与物主代词：根据句意选择主格、宾格或物主代词。 2. 指示代词：根据远近选择this、that、these或those。 例1：This is ______ (she) book. 例2：______ (These) are my friends. 连词解题方法： 1. 并列连词：连接并列成分，常用and, but, or, so等。 2. 从属连词：引导从句，常用because, if, although等。 例1：He stayed at home ______ it was raining. 例2：She is smart ______ hardworking. 从句解题方法： 1. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句：根据句子结构判断从句类型。 2. 定语从句：关注先行词及关系词（who, which, that等）。 例1：I don’t know ______ he will come or not. 例2：The boy ______ is playing basketball is my brother. 【说明类文章的阅读方法指导】 说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁，按照一定的要求，对事物的形态，性质、原理、特征、功能等做出说明。说明文的中心鲜明突出，内容具有科学性、条理性.语言确切生动。说明文的特点是“说”，而且具有一定的知识性，为了把事物说明白，就必须准确了解事物的特点，并揭示出事物的本质，也就是说不仅要说明“是什么”，还要说明“为什么”。在人们的社会生活中，说明文越来越显示出它的重要作用和实用价值。 怎样阅读说明文去理解说明文文章的性质和特点。 1、理解内容，把握特征 理解文章说明的内容，首先应在整体感知文章的基础上，经过逐段逐层读懂文章，弄清各层各段之间的联系，从而整体把握全文说明的内容；还可以从分析文章如何安排和组织材料入手，把握说明对象的特征。 2、理清说明顺序说明文都是从说明对象本身的特点出发来安排说明顺序的，因此不同的说明对象运用的说明顺序也有所不同，常用的说明顺序有以下几种： (1)时间顺序：按照事物发展过程的先后介绍某一事物的说明顺序。这种说明顺序一般用于说明事物的发展变化。 (2)空间顺序：按照事物空间存在的方式，或从外到内，或从上到下，或从整体到局部来加以介绍。这种说明顺序有利于全面说明事物各方面的特征。 (3)逻辑顺序：按照事物、事理的内在逻辑关系，由个别到一般，由具体到抽象，由主要到次要，由现象到本质，由特点到用途，由整体到局部，一一介绍说明。    3、了解说明方法说明文的语言的根本要求是科学、准确、简练、明确。文章中恰当地运用说明方法，能提高说明语言的科学性和准确性，使说明对象更具体、更生动，让读者更清楚明白，增强了说服力,有时也能增强读者的阅读兴趣，更突出主题。常用的说明方法有以下几种： (1)举例子：举出实际事例来说明事物，使所要说明的事物具体化。使用这种说明方法可以使文章表达的意思更明确，以便读者理解得更明白。 (2)作比较：将两种类别相同或不同的事物、现象加以比较来说明特征的说明方法。说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物，可以用具体的或者常见的事物和它作比较，使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象，同时事物的特征往往也会在比较中显现出来。 (3)列数字：通过事物的数量或数量的变化，表明事物的本质和特征的一种说明方法。用列数字的方法进行说明，既能准确客观地反映事实情况，又有较强的说服力。 (4)分类别：要说明事物的特征，往往从单方面不易说清楚，可以根据形状、性质、成因、功用等属性的异同，把事物分成若干类，然后依照类别逐一加以说明。 (5)打比方：利用两种不同事物之间的相似之处作比，以突出事物的特点，增强说明的形象性和生动性的说明方法。使用打比方的方法，可以把抽象的事物写得具体、生动、形象。 (6)下定义：用简明的语言、科学的术语对某一概念的本质特征做规定性的说明。下定义能准确揭示事物的本质，是科技说明文常用的说明方法。 4、体会说明语言的准确性   同其他文体的文章相比，说明文更要求语言的准确性，说明的内容必须符合客观事物的实际，能够揭示事物的本质特征。在阅读时，一是要注意分析限制性词语的表达作用；二是要注意分析表示估计和猜测的词语的表达作用，三是要注意分析词语的搭配，四是要注意关键词句在文中的作用。 板块二 名校模考题训练 娄底市双峰县私校联考2023-2024学年九年级上学期期末英语试题 The human population on Earth grows larger each year. As 1 result, some scientists carried out a research project. Because of climate change (气候变化), growing more food is 2 (become) even more difficult. When farmers 3 (try) to grow more food in the past, they would use farming methods that weren’t always healthy for the environment. 4 (solve) this problem, more and more food needs to 5 (grow) in order to feed everyone. They spent several years talking to 6 (farmer). They wanted to see what problems farmers were having and how these problems could be solved. This led to the creation of special robots. These special robots move around on farms and collect information about crops (庄稼). They can take pictures of plants, track (追踪) each plant’s growth and measure (测量) its size. In the past, 7 farmers did have information about the weather and the earth, they couldn’t track each plant. But now, with these robots, they can. By collecting information about plants, the robots can help farmers make predictions (预测) about 8 their plants will grow. By studying each plant, the robots can also help farmers grow plants 9 (good). For example, if the robots find out which plants get sick, farmers can quickly throw them away before they are about to influence nearby plants. With the help of 10 (this) robots, farmers can take better care of the plants in need. 湖南省长沙市浏阳市2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中考试英语试题 World Book and Copyright Day (世界图书与版权日) is 1 April 23th every year. On that day, activities 2 (hold) around the world to remind people of the importance of reading and to promote book culture. Books are a link between the past and the present, a bridge across generations, and a window into other 3 (culture) in different countries. Reading books 4 (give) people the opportunity to explore new worlds and meet new people. It makes us learn more knowledge and understand the world 5 (well). Each year a poster is designed and distributed around the world. Celebrating wonderful books and bringing 6 (they) back to life makes a difference to the public. Based on this reason, the UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) set April 23th as World Book and Copyright Day in 1995. In 1922 the Spanish writer Vicente Clavel Andres came up with the idea 7 (honor) a Spanish writer. Four years later the 8 (one) celebration took place on October 7th. But then it was moved to April 23th, the date of the writer’s death, in 1930. The date is of great 9 (important) for the world of literature (文学). On this day, many well-known authors passed away, including Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Miguel de Cervantes, 10 William Shakespeare. Moreover, several famous authors were born on April 23th. That makes it a symbolic (象征性的) date in the world literature. 2024年湖南省长沙市长郡教育集团联考中考二模英语试题 May 4th is celebrated as Youth Day in China. On May 4th 1919, thousands of students from 1 (university) and schools in Beijing went to the streets to protest (抗议) against the unfair Treaty of Versailles (《凡尔赛条约》). The event is known 2 the May Fourth Movement. Now, it is a day to honor courage and progressive spirit of young people in China. It also encourages young people 3 (achieve) their dreams. Young people are always progressive and energetic. Mr. Chen Duxiu once said that 4 young are like the early spring, the morning sun and the sprouting (绽放的) flowers. Everyone has 5 (they) own youth. Maybe our youth is like a football match. On the soccer field, we cooperate with our classmates, and pass the ball to each other. After 66 (score) a goal, we certainly get a lot of satisfaction. Our youth is like a beautiful view. After we finish dinner with friends, we look up at the beautiful sky. The pretty sunset comes into our eyes when we take walks around the playground. How romantic it is! Our youth is also like taking study 7 (serious) over the deep night. While stars twinkling outside the window, our pens never stop. 8 we may feel tired, we still get some happiness from study. “Sailing against the wind, one will break through the waves; with sails set high, one will traverse the vast sea. (长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。)” The well-known saying 9 (write) by Li Bai. Hope that young people in China continue to work towards a brighter and 10 (good) future for ourselves, for generations to come, and for our country. 湖南省长沙市一中集团2024-2025学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 The Spring Festival, also known as Chinese New Year, is the most important 1 (tradition) festival in China. It is 2 the first day of the lunar calendar’s new year. People usually begin to prepare for the Spring Festival one or two weeks before it. Families will clean their houses 3 (complete). Because they believe that this will sweep away bad luck and bring in good fortune. Red is the main color during the Spring Festival, as it represents (代表) luck 4 joy. You can see red lanterns, red couplets (对联), and even red envelopes everywhere. These red envelopes 5 (fill) with money and given to children by their elders as a symbol of good luck and blessings. On the eve of the Spring Festival, families gather together for a reunion dinner. This meal is of great 6 (important) as it symbolizes unity and family bonds (纽带). There are many 7 (dish) on the table. Dumplings are one of the most typical foods. Sometimes people put a coin in a dumpling. 8 person with the coin is lucky. After dinner, people will watch TV, play games, or chat with each other. The next day, people usually visit 9 (they) relatives and friends, exchanging greetings and gifts. It’s a time for family members to reconnect and strengthen their relationships. Fireworks and firecrackers are set off 10 (celebrate) the new year and drive away evil spirits. 湖南省长沙市雅礼集团2024-2025学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 In Chinese culture, the jasmine (茉莉) flower holds an important place. In Putonghua, jasmine 1 (sound) like “no profit (没利 mò lì)”. Besides, its smell is believed to help clear the mind. Even to this day, the Ming dynasty folk song “Mo Li Hua” which speaks highly of the 2 (beautiful) of the white flower, is one of the most well-known folk songs in the world. 3 , jasmine is not originally (起初) from China. It is said that it traveled from ancient Rome to India through the Maritime Silk Road (海上丝绸之路). This ancient connection became active between the second century BCE and the mid-to-late 19th century. During the Han period, jasmine 4 (bring) to China. By the Song period, Fuzhou city, now the capital of Southern China’s Fujian province, was seen as a perfect location for 5 (grow) jasmine. During this time, women started to put jasmine in 6 (they) hair after bathing to make them smell better. Today, street sellers in some cities sell these flowers 7 visitors. They are pretty popular among women visitors. According to 8 (tradition) Chinese medicine, jasmine tea is cool in nature, light in taste, and believed to move away heat. Sugar-free tea drinks are flying off the 9 (shelf) in supermarkets and convenience stores as young people like healthier lifestyles. Among them, jasmine tea stands out as a favorite, 10 (especial) during the hot summer. 湖南省衡阳市八中教育集团成章实验中学联考2024-2025学年九年级上学期10月月考英语试题 Asking for directions is a very common thing in our daily lives. However, do you know how to do that in foreign 1 (country)? Knowing it can make our stay there much 2 (easy). The way we ask for directions may influence the answers we get. Here 3 (be) some advice for you. Use greetings and polite expressions Starting the conversation 4 a greeting is a must. If you want to get a nice explanation, begin by 5 (say) “hello” first. Know how to ask a question Use proper words and try not 6 (leave) any information out. If you ask a question 7 (polite), there are more chances of getting an excellent answer. Don’t be afraid of using landmarks (地标) Every city in the world has its own landmarks. You can save some time if you know 8 the important landmarks are in the city. For example, in London, the main landmark is Big Ben. There is no need to laugh at 9 (you) if you get lost. We may all get lost now and then, especially when visiting 10 new city! 板块三 全国优秀试题题改编 2024·福建·中考真题（改编） . Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi province. It lies in 1 north of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 2 (give) it the name Chang’ an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved its great importance. Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in 3 (build) their ancient capitals. Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall—one of the few city walls still left in China—is a good example. It 4 (go) around the city and is an important cultural site (遗址). In central Xi’an there is the Bell Tower—the 5 ( large) bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first designed as an emergency alarm (警钟) to warn of danger, 6 it was very often used to tell people the time. While Xi’an is a city 7 a long history, it is also very much a part of the modern world. It is best 8 (know) as a center for software (软件) research, development and services. Historically, Xi’an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other 9 (city). Xi’an is a city always remaking 10 (it) and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past. 2024·山东聊城·中考真题（改编） Hi Alice, How are you? I want to tell you about my trip to the city space museum two days ago. I have never been there before, so I was 1 (excite)! I was taking care of my little sister and she was bored so I said, “We are going on an 2 (usual) experience!” When we arrived, we started to explore (探索). The space museum is very large and full of interesting and exciting objects 3 (touch). The first room you enter looks like deep space. There is information about different planets with a quiz (知识竞赛) at the end. The 4 (win) has a chance to invent a name for a planet—that’s exciting, isn’t it? The 5 (two) room looks like the inside of a spaceship. You can touch an astronaut’s spacesuit (宇航服). It looks really heavy! I don’t know how an astronaut can wear it. It looks a little old. I don’t know when it 6 (make), either. And you can see where the astronauts prepare their food. Did you know they use a knife, fork and spoon to eat? I didn’t. I thought it was all in bags. We were looking at the oven from the spaceship when my sister 7 (tell) me she was hungry. So we went to have a snack. They were preparing a pizza (比萨饼) in the restaurant and the smell of food always makes me hungry so we had a piece of pizza! It was delicious. While we 8 (eat) a pizza, they were baking (烘焙) biscuits, so we ate some. Don’t worry! We have bought some 9 (介词) you—you will love them! They look like rockets and taste like honey! After lunch, we explored more of the museum 10 (连词) stayed for the rest of the day. They were turning off the lights when we left! Have you ever been to a museum? See you soon! Helen 2024·辽宁锦州·三模 Did ancient people plant trees? 1 they didn’t have a special day to plant trees like Tree-Planting Day, the tradition of planting trees has been there for a long time. Back then, it was always 2 (rain) around the Tomb-Sweeping Day in spring. The trees that were planted around this time had better conditions to grow than usual, so people formed the custom of planting trees around the Tomb-Sweeping Day. There were many kinds of trees. However, mulberry trees (桑树) and fruit trees were the 3 (popular) of all. To feed the silkworms (蚕), more mulberry leaves 4 (need). Silk came from the silkworms, and then it was made into silk clothes and traded between the East and the West of the world. Among the ancient people who suggested 5 (get) trees to offer food and clothes, there was a man whose name is well-known, Mencius (孟子) . Dong Feng, a famous doctor in the Three Kingdom Period (三国时期), saved many 6 (patient) lives for free. He only asked them to plant apricot trees (杏树) on a hill. Gradually, a forest of apricot trees grew on 7 hill. That’s why we now praise a doctor who has excellent skills with the words “warmth in an apricot forest”. Each dynasty has different tree planting projects. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, 8 (personal) planted a ginkgo tree(银杏树) in a temple in Chang’ an 1, 400 years later, the ginkgo tree is still growing. So far, the temple 9 (become) a popular place for tourists. So, 10 the Tree-Planting Day next year, do you want to plant a tree with your wishes on it? 2024·河北承德·二模（改编） If you count the number of digits (数字) in your mobile phone number, you can notice that it has 11 digits. Sometimes you may find 1 hard to remember your number. How can you remember it 2 (clear)? The 11 digits can be divided into three parts. Each part has a different 3 (mean). The first three numbers tell you which mobile phone 4 (serve) provider you are using. For example, 135 is for China Mobile Communications Corporation (中国移动) and 188 is for China Unicom (中国联通). The 5 (four) to the seventh digits tell you where the number is registered. And 6 last four digits are random (随机的). The main reason for using 11 digits is that we have the 7 (large) population in the world. We once had 10 numbers. But as our population 8 (grow), there were not enough numbers for us to use. So we have used 11 digits since the year l999. Eleven digits can be used to make tens of billions of mobile phone 9 (number). That’s enough for each person to have seven or eight phone numbers to use 10 China. 24-25九年级上·江苏南通·期中 Two heads are better than one. It 1 (mean) that two people working together have a better chance of solving problems than one person. But not everyone likes working with others — especially when working in a group. There can be a number of 2 (reason) why people dislike group work. Some may feel nervous or 3 (comfortable) in group situations. Others may have a bad experience with someone who doesn’t work well as a team. In fact, cooperative (合作的) learning 4 (become) a wonderful method so far. It can help solve the problem and have 5 (far) study. It is very 6 (value) because it gives each person of the group a duty to achieve a shared goal. For example, if learners are divided into groups of four people, their roles (角色) may be 7 (lead), writer, checker, speaker. This makes sure everyone takes part in the group work. It also allows each member 8 (play) a meaningful part in completing the shared goal. Besides, you can learn to listen to others while your team members 9 (talk). Of course, it’s better to pay attention to explaining something 10 (clear) before the cooperative activity: the main job for the activity and how the cooperative roles work. With the cooperative learning method, we can say that four heads are better than just one. 24-25九年级上·江苏常州·期中（改编） Tea is one of the most popular 1 (drink) in the world. Chinese agricultural (农业的) production 2 (guide) by solar terms (节气), and so is tea production. Picking tea leaves is 3 important spring activity in South China. Tea 4 (pick) before Qingming is called Mingqian tea. Because of the small output 5 good quality, Mingqian tea is considered quite 6 (value). In spring, local hillsides are often filled with tea pickers as well as farmers planting on their lands. The beautiful scenery of tea farms in the countryside is of great 7 (important) to the tourism in these places. Many families take their children to experience the fun of picking tea leaves during spring outings. Picking tea leaves also 8 (show) hard work of Chinese people and it is one of the traditional virtues. Today scientists know that tea contains chemicals (化学物质) that keep cells 9 dying. Most teas have caffeine in them, which makes you feel better and 10 (energy). Some people have problems drinking tea because it can cause sleeplessness. 板块四 中考真题练手 2024湖南长沙卷 Chinese New Year is a great celebration. It ___1___ (mark) the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits ___2___ each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special ___3___ (meaning). They represent (象征) the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings, Orchids (兰花) come in many colors, but many people like purple and red ones for Chinese New Year. They are believed ___4___ (represent) love and beauty. Orchids say, “Wish you to be ___5___ (luck), successful and happy.” During the holiday period, this plant is a must. Peonies (牡丹) are like soft clouds in pink, red and white. They are beautiful and can brighten up someone’s day. Red peonies ___6___ (give) to people to show love and care. Peonies say, “You are special to me.” They are also a symbol of wealth and ___7___ (rich). Kumquats (金橘), with ___8___ (they) golden color, ate a symbol of wealth and luck. The Chinese word for “kumquat” sounds like “gold orange”, which connects kumquats with richness. This small fruit tree is often presented in pairs. The apple, with its bright colors ___9___ round shape, represents peace and harmony (和谐). In fact, the word for “apple” in Chinese sounds like “peace”. ___10___ (certain), apples make great gifts. 2023·湖南岳阳卷 Volunteering means that someone works to help people without being paid. Volunteers help people who really need help. There are many places where you can see different volunteers. At school gates, you can see some volunteers with red vests (马甲). Can you guess ____1____ they are? They are parent volunteers. When students go ____2____ the street, parent volunteers ____3____ up a “SLOW” sign to let drivers slow down. In order to become professional traffic volunteers, parents are supposed to learn how to give directions to students and stop them from ____4____ soccer on the road. ____5____ of these volunteers, students can get to school and go back home safely. Yueyang Daily reports many parents are looking ____6____ to being a volunteer. They wish to make an effort to protect students’ safety. Another group of “red vests” show up on main roads. They help cleaners pick up dirty paper, plastic bags, glass bottles and so on. They ask the passers-by (路人) not to throw the rubbish everywhere. “____7____ you please take away your rubbish?” “Would you mind picking up your cigarette butts (烟头)? ...” ____8____ their work seems simple, they still take it seriously. Wherever you go, you can see volunteers in red vests, they have become the most beautiful scenes in our city. Some teenagers ____9____ their free time in hospitals or old people’s homes. They cheer sick kids up or look after old people. In the countryside, some college students play an important role ____10____ volunteering. They can provide science and technology help for farmers. Some volunteers work as teachers in village schools. A lot of volunteers give their kindness with a helping band. They can make a difference to people in need and the society. 2023·湖南长沙卷 Do you know World Letter Writing Day? It falls ____1____ September 1st every year. It was set up by Richard Simpkin in 2014. He encouraged people ____2____ (take) a break from today’s social media (媒体) and write a letter to someone by hand. Who should you write to? Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive ____3____ (you) letter. How do you write a letter? ____4____ (general) speaking, a letter includes these parts. The date and a greeting (问候语) such as “Dear…” should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as “Love” or “Yours truly” needs to follow the body. End it by ____5____ (sign) it. Why should you pick up a pen and write a letter? It is a surprise that may make someone’s day. It’s ____6____ good way to show people that you have been thinking of them. Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes ____7____ (enjoy) memories (回忆). Some people save ____8____ (letter) and look at them over the years. A recent study shows that letter writing ____9____ (make) the writer happy, too. “Handwriting is your DNA. It’s your fingerprint that only you can share with others,” said Richard Simpkin. So, get some paper ____10____ pick up a pen. Start writing a letter today! 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第12 讲 语法填空专题之说明介绍 目录 板块一 题型知识讲解 1 板块二 名校模考题训练 6 板块三 全国优秀试题题改编 14 板块四 中考真题练手 22 板块一 题型知识讲解 【命题规律】 1.新中考语法填空语篇类型为说明文和记叙文,语篇长度在200词左右。选材贴近考生生活实际渗透对考生的语言能力、文化意识和思维品质这三大学科核心素养的考查。 2.语法填空考查关键能力,突出必备知识的基础作用。有提示词的题注重对名词代词形容词、副词、动词时态语态、主谓一致、必备知识的考查;无提示词的题重点考查定语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、状语从句、并列连词、冠词、介词等。另外语法填空含有对长难句结构分析和句意理解的考查。 【备考策略】 1.熟练掌握词汇。熟练掌握词性变化,在备考中重点训练形容词与名词、形容词与副词、动词与名词等的转化和一些固定搭配。 2.夯实语法基础。训练在语境中运用动词的时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、并列连词和主从复合句等重点语法。 3.剖析句子结构。强化训练分析句子结构的能力,特别注意含有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的主从复合句的句子结构。 4.明确答题技巧。熟练掌握常用的答题技巧,明确答题方向。 【解题技巧】 本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。 名词解题方法： 1. 单复数判断：根据句子主谓一致或修饰词判断名词是用单数还是复数。 2. 可数与不可数：注意名词前的限定词（如many、much、a few、a little等），判断名词是否可数。 3. 名词所有格：注意表示所属关系时需使用’s或者of结构。 例1：The ______ (child) are playing in the park. 答案：children 解析：根据谓语动词are可知主语是复数形式，child的复数为children。 例2：This is my ______ (friend) book. 答案：friend’s 解析：根据句意表示“朋友的书”，需用所有格形式friend’s。 动词解题方法： 1. 时态判断：根据时间状语或上下文语境，选择正确的时态。 2. 主谓一致：主语为单数，动词用单数形式；主语为复数，动词用复数形式。 3. 非谓语动词：注意动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式的使用。 例1：She ______ (go) to the library every Sunday. 答案：goes 解析：主语She为单数，且句子表示一般现在时，动词需用第三人称单数形式goes。 例2：He enjoys ______ (read) books in his free time. 答案：reading 解析：enjoy后接动词-ing形式，故填reading。 形容词解题方法： 1. 比较级与最高级：根据句中提示词（如than、the most）判断使用比较级或最高级。 2. 形容词的位置：形容词通常位于名词前或连系动词后。 例1：This movie is ______ (interesting) than that one. 答案：more interesting 解析：根据than可知需用比较级形式，interesting的比较级为more interesting。 例2：The sky looks ______ (beautiful) today. 答案：beautiful 解析：连系动词looks后需用形容词，故填beautiful。 副词解题方法： 1. 副词的位置：副词可位于动词前后，形容词前，或句首。 2. 副词与形容词区分：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。 例1：He speaks English very ______ (fluent). 答案：fluently 解析：修饰动词speaks需用副词形式，fluent的副词为fluently。 例2：She runs ______ (fast) than her brother. 答案：faster 解析：根据than可知需用比较级形式，fast的比较级为faster。 介词解题方法： 1. 固定搭配：记忆常用介词搭配（如depend on, good at等）。 2. 时间和地点：根据语境判断使用in、on、at等。 例1：He is good ______ math. 答案：at 解析：good与at是固定搭配，表示“擅长”。 例2：They arrived ______ the station at 8 a.m. 答案：at 解析：表示到达具体地点，用介词at。 冠词解题方法： 1. 定冠词与不定冠词：根据名词是否特指选择the或a/an。 2. 特殊用法：注意固定表达（如in a hurry, the same等）。 例1：She wants to buy ______ apple. 答案：an 解析：apple是以元音音素开头的单词，需用an。 例2：______ sun rises in the east. 答案：The 解析：sun是特指名词，需用定冠词the。 代词解题方法： 1. 人称代词与物主代词：根据句意选择主格、宾格或物主代词。 2. 指示代词：根据远近选择this、that、these或those。 例1：This is ______ (she) book. 答案：her 解析：修饰名词book需用物主代词her。 例2：______ (These) are my friends. 答案：These 解析：指代近处的复数事物，需用These。 连词解题方法： 1. 并列连词：连接并列成分，常用and, but, or, so等。 2. 从属连词：引导从句，常用because, if, although等。 例1：He stayed at home ______ it was raining. 答案：because 解析：表示原因，需用because。 例2：She is smart ______ hardworking. 答案：and 解析：连接两个并列形容词，需用and。 从句解题方法： 1. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句：根据句子结构判断从句类型。 2. 定语从句：关注先行词及关系词（who, which, that等）。 例1：I don’t know ______ he will come or not. 答案：whether 解析：引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，需用whether。 例2：The boy ______ is playing basketball is my brother. 答案：who 解析：先行词是人，需用关系代词who引导定语从句。 【说明类文章的阅读方法指导】 说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁，按照一定的要求，对事物的形态，性质、原理、特征、功能等做出说明。说明文的中心鲜明突出，内容具有科学性、条理性.语言确切生动。说明文的特点是“说”，而且具有一定的知识性，为了把事物说明白，就必须准确了解事物的特点，并揭示出事物的本质，也就是说不仅要说明“是什么”，还要说明“为什么”。在人们的社会生活中，说明文越来越显示出它的重要作用和实用价值。 怎样阅读说明文去理解说明文文章的性质和特点。 1、理解内容，把握特征 理解文章说明的内容，首先应在整体感知文章的基础上，经过逐段逐层读懂文章，弄清各层各段之间的联系，从而整体把握全文说明的内容；还可以从分析文章如何安排和组织材料入手，把握说明对象的特征。 2、理清说明顺序说明文都是从说明对象本身的特点出发来安排说明顺序的，因此不同的说明对象运用的说明顺序也有所不同，常用的说明顺序有以下几种： (1)时间顺序：按照事物发展过程的先后介绍某一事物的说明顺序。这种说明顺序一般用于说明事物的发展变化。 (2)空间顺序：按照事物空间存在的方式，或从外到内，或从上到下，或从整体到局部来加以介绍。这种说明顺序有利于全面说明事物各方面的特征。 (3)逻辑顺序：按照事物、事理的内在逻辑关系，由个别到一般，由具体到抽象，由主要到次要，由现象到本质，由特点到用途，由整体到局部，一一介绍说明。    3、了解说明方法说明文的语言的根本要求是科学、准确、简练、明确。文章中恰当地运用说明方法，能提高说明语言的科学性和准确性，使说明对象更具体、更生动，让读者更清楚明白，增强了说服力,有时也能增强读者的阅读兴趣，更突出主题。常用的说明方法有以下几种： (1)举例子：举出实际事例来说明事物，使所要说明的事物具体化。使用这种说明方法可以使文章表达的意思更明确，以便读者理解得更明白。 (2)作比较：将两种类别相同或不同的事物、现象加以比较来说明特征的说明方法。说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物，可以用具体的或者常见的事物和它作比较，使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象，同时事物的特征往往也会在比较中显现出来。 (3)列数字：通过事物的数量或数量的变化，表明事物的本质和特征的一种说明方法。用列数字的方法进行说明，既能准确客观地反映事实情况，又有较强的说服力。 (4)分类别：要说明事物的特征，往往从单方面不易说清楚，可以根据形状、性质、成因、功用等属性的异同，把事物分成若干类，然后依照类别逐一加以说明。 (5)打比方：利用两种不同事物之间的相似之处作比，以突出事物的特点，增强说明的形象性和生动性的说明方法。使用打比方的方法，可以把抽象的事物写得具体、生动、形象。 (6)下定义：用简明的语言、科学的术语对某一概念的本质特征做规定性的说明。下定义能准确揭示事物的本质，是科技说明文常用的说明方法。 4、体会说明语言的准确性   同其他文体的文章相比，说明文更要求语言的准确性，说明的内容必须符合客观事物的实际，能够揭示事物的本质特征。在阅读时，一是要注意分析限制性词语的表达作用；二是要注意分析表示估计和猜测的词语的表达作用，三是要注意分析词语的搭配，四是要注意关键词句在文中的作用。 板块二 名校模考题训练 娄底市双峰县私校联考2023-2024学年九年级上学期期末英语试题 The human population on Earth grows larger each year. As 1 result, some scientists carried out a research project. Because of climate change (气候变化), growing more food is 2 (become) even more difficult. When farmers 3 (try) to grow more food in the past, they would use farming methods that weren’t always healthy for the environment. 4 (solve) this problem, more and more food needs to 5 (grow) in order to feed everyone. They spent several years talking to 6 (farmer). They wanted to see what problems farmers were having and how these problems could be solved. This led to the creation of special robots. These special robots move around on farms and collect information about crops (庄稼). They can take pictures of plants, track (追踪) each plant’s growth and measure (测量) its size. In the past, 7 farmers did have information about the weather and the earth, they couldn’t track each plant. But now, with these robots, they can. By collecting information about plants, the robots can help farmers make predictions (预测) about 8 their plants will grow. By studying each plant, the robots can also help farmers grow plants 9 (good). For example, if the robots find out which plants get sick, farmers can quickly throw them away before they are about to influence nearby plants. With the help of 10 (this) robots, farmers can take better care of the plants in need. 【答案】1．a 2．becoming 3．tried 4．To solve 5．grow 6．farmers 7．though/although 8．how 9．well/better 10．these 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，说明了气候变化使粮食种植变得困难的情况，并介绍了机器人的作用，机器人可以帮助解决这个问题。 1．句意：因此，一些科学家进行了一个研究项目。这里考查固定短语as a result，表示“因此”，故填a。 2．句意：由于气候变化，种植更多粮食正变得更加困难了。is与动词连用时，应接动词现在分词或接动词过去分词。结合语境，句子时态是现在进行时，其结构是be doing，表示种植更多粮食正变得更加困难，应用动词现在分词形式。故填becoming。 3．句意：过去，当农民试图种植更多粮食时，他们使用的耕作方法并不总是对环境有益。结合时间状语in the past（在过去）可知，句子时态是一般过去时，此处动词过去式。故填tried。 4．句意：为了解决这个问题。需要种植越来越多的食物来养活每个人。结合语境可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式形式，作为句首，首字母要大写。故填To solve。 5．句意：为了解决这个问题，需要种植越来越多的食物来养活每个人。need to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“需要做某事”，此处应填动词原形。故填grow。 6．句意：他们花了几年时间与农民交谈。此处应用名词复数形式，表示泛指，与下一句的farmers对应。故填farmers。 7．句意：过去，尽管农民确实掌握了天气和土地的情况，但他们无法追踪每一株植物。结合语境，此处应用连词though或although引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。故填though/although。 8．句意：通过收集有关植物的信息，机器人可以帮助农民预测他们的植物将如何生长。结合语境，此处应用疑问副词how引导宾语从句，表示“如何”。故填how。 9．句意：通过研究每种植物，机器人还可以帮助农民种植好植物。此处应用副词修饰动词grow。well是副词，意为“好”，用在这里表示种植好植物；或用其副词比较级形式better，表示“更好地”种植植物。故填well/better。 10．句意：在这些机器人的帮助下，农民可以更好地照顾需要的植物。由于robots是复数名词，此处应用指示代词的复数形式修饰空后名词robots。故填these。 湖南省长沙市浏阳市2023-2024学年九年级上学期期中考试英语试题 World Book and Copyright Day (世界图书与版权日) is 1 April 23th every year. On that day, activities 2 (hold) around the world to remind people of the importance of reading and to promote book culture. Books are a link between the past and the present, a bridge across generations, and a window into other 3 (culture) in different countries. Reading books 4 (give) people the opportunity to explore new worlds and meet new people. It makes us learn more knowledge and understand the world 5 (well). Each year a poster is designed and distributed around the world. Celebrating wonderful books and bringing 6 (they) back to life makes a difference to the public. Based on this reason, the UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) set April 23th as World Book and Copyright Day in 1995. In 1922 the Spanish writer Vicente Clavel Andres came up with the idea 7 (honor) a Spanish writer. Four years later the 8 (one) celebration took place on October 7th. But then it was moved to April 23th, the date of the writer’s death, in 1930. The date is of great 9 (important) for the world of literature (文学). On this day, many well-known authors passed away, including Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Miguel de Cervantes, 10 William Shakespeare. Moreover, several famous authors were born on April 23th. That makes it a symbolic (象征性的) date in the world literature. 【答案】1．on 2．are held 3．cultures 4．gives 5．better 6．them 7．to honor 8．first 9．importance 10．and 【导语】本文介绍了世界图书与版权日设立的背景、意义以及与之相关的历史事件。 1．句意：世界图书与版权日是每年的4月23日。根据空格后的April 23th可知，此处表示具体的某一天，应用介词on。故填on。 2．句意：在那一天，世界各地都会举行活动来提醒人们阅读的重要性并推广书籍文化。根据句子结构可知，此处是句子的谓语，根据语境可知，此处表示“活动被举行”，应用被动语态be done的结构，句子为一般现在时，主语activities是复数，be动词应用are，hold的过去分词是held。故填are held。 3．句意：书籍是过去与现在的纽带，是跨越时代的桥梁，是了解不同国家其他文化的窗口。根据空格前的other可知，此处应用名词复数形式，culture的复数形式是cultures。故填cultures。 4．句意：读书给人们提供了探索新世界和结识新人的机会。根据句子结构可知，此处是句子的谓语，根据语境可知，此处表示一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语Reading books是动名词短语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式gives。故填gives。 5．句意：它让我们学到更多的知识，更好地了解世界。根据语境和“learn more knowledge and”可知，此处表示“更好地了解世界”，应用形容词的比较级形式better。故填better。 6．句意：庆祝精彩的书籍，让它们重获新生，对公众来说是有区别的。根据空格前的动词bringing可知，此处应用人称代词的宾格形式作宾语，they的宾格是them。故填them。 7．句意：1922年，西班牙作家文森特·克拉维尔·安德雷斯提出了纪念一位西班牙作家的想法。根据句子结构可知，此处应用不定式to do形式作后置定语，修饰名词idea，表示“纪念一位西班牙作家的想法”。故填to honor。 8．句意：四年后，第一次庆祝活动于10月7日举行。根据空格后的名词celebration可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词，表示“第一次庆祝活动”，one的序数词是first。故填first。 9．句意：这个日期对文学界来说非常重要。根据空格前的介词of可知，此处应用名词作宾语，important的名词形式是importance，表示“重要性”。故填importance。 10．句意：在这一天，许多著名作家去世了，包括印加·加尔西拉索·德·拉·维加、米格尔·德·塞万提斯和威廉·莎士比亚。根据语境可知，此处列举的是三位著名的作家，应用连词and连接，表示“和”。故填and。 2024年湖南省长沙市长郡教育集团联考中考二模英语试题 May 4th is celebrated as Youth Day in China. On May 4th 1919, thousands of students from 1 (university) and schools in Beijing went to the streets to protest (抗议) against the unfair Treaty of Versailles (《凡尔赛条约》). The event is known 2 the May Fourth Movement. Now, it is a day to honor courage and progressive spirit of young people in China. It also encourages young people 3 (achieve) their dreams. Young people are always progressive and energetic. Mr. Chen Duxiu once said that 4 young are like the early spring, the morning sun and the sprouting (绽放的) flowers. Everyone has 5 (they) own youth. Maybe our youth is like a football match. On the soccer field, we cooperate with our classmates, and pass the ball to each other. After 66 (score) a goal, we certainly get a lot of satisfaction. Our youth is like a beautiful view. After we finish dinner with friends, we look up at the beautiful sky. The pretty sunset comes into our eyes when we take walks around the playground. How romantic it is! Our youth is also like taking study 7 (serious) over the deep night. While stars twinkling outside the window, our pens never stop. 8 we may feel tired, we still get some happiness from study. “Sailing against the wind, one will break through the waves; with sails set high, one will traverse the vast sea. (长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。)” The well-known saying 9 (write) by Li Bai. Hope that young people in China continue to work towards a brighter and 10 (good) future for ourselves, for generations to come, and for our country. 【答案】1．universities 2．as 3．to achieve 4．the 5．their 6．scoring 7．seriously 8．Although/Though 9．was written 10．better 【导语】本文主要讲述青年节的由来以及青春的意义。 1．句意：1919年5月4日，数千名来自北京的大学和学校的学生走上街头，抗议不平等的《凡尔赛条约》。根据空后的“and schools”可知，此处应用所给词的复数形式。故填universities。 2．句意：这一事件被称为五四运动。be known as“被称为”，固定词组。故填as。 3．句意：它还鼓励年轻人实现他们的梦想。encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，固定词组。故填to achieve。 4．句意：陈独秀先生曾经说过，年轻人就像初春，就像朝阳，就像发芽的花朵。”the+形容词”表示一类人，“the young”意为“年轻人”，故填the。 5．句意：每个人都有自己的青春。one’s own“自己的”，固定词组。故填their。 6．句意：在进了一球之后，我们肯定会得到很多满足。根据空前的介词“After”可知，此处应用动名词形式。故填scoring。 7．句意：我们的青春就像在深夜认真学习一样。take sth. seriously“认真对待某事”，固定词组。故填seriously。 8．句意：尽管我们可能会感到疲倦，但我们还是从学习中获得了一些快乐。前后句表示让步关系，应用although/though引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though。 9．句意：这句名言是李白写的。分析句子结构可知，句子主语与谓语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；句子时态为一般过去时，主语为“The well-known saying”，所以应填was written。故填was written。 10．句意：希望中国的年轻人继续努力，为我们自己、子孙后代和我们的国家创造更光明、更美好的未来。根据空前的“a brighter and”可知，此处应用所给词的比较级形式。故填better。 湖南省长沙市一中集团2024-2025学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 The Spring Festival, also known as Chinese New Year, is the most important 1 (tradition) festival in China. It is 2 the first day of the lunar calendar’s new year. People usually begin to prepare for the Spring Festival one or two weeks before it. Families will clean their houses 3 (complete). Because they believe that this will sweep away bad luck and bring in good fortune. Red is the main color during the Spring Festival, as it represents (代表) luck 4 joy. You can see red lanterns, red couplets (对联), and even red envelopes everywhere. These red envelopes 5 (fill) with money and given to children by their elders as a symbol of good luck and blessings. On the eve of the Spring Festival, families gather together for a reunion dinner. This meal is of great 6 (important) as it symbolizes unity and family bonds (纽带). There are many 7 (dish) on the table. Dumplings are one of the most typical foods. Sometimes people put a coin in a dumpling. 8 person with the coin is lucky. After dinner, people will watch TV, play games, or chat with each other. The next day, people usually visit 9 (they) relatives and friends, exchanging greetings and gifts. It’s a time for family members to reconnect and strengthen their relationships. Fireworks and firecrackers are set off 10 (celebrate) the new year and drive away evil spirits. 【答案】1．traditional 2．on 3．completely 4．and 5．are filled 6．importance 7．dishes 8．The 9．their 10．to celebrate 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国的传统节日春节。 1．句意：春节也被称为中国新年，是中国最重要的传统的节日。festival为名词，前面用形容词修饰。tradition“传统”，其形容词形式为traditional“传统的”。故填traditional。 2．句意：它在农历新年的第一天。“the first day of the lunar calendar’s new year”为具体的一天，前面用时间介词on。故填on。 3．句意：各家各户将会彻底打扫他们的房子。此处应该用副词修饰动词，complete的副词形式为completely“完全地”。故填completely。 4．句意：红色是春节的主要颜色，因为它代表着幸运和快乐。luck和joy为两个并列的名词，中间用and连接。故填and。 5．句意：长辈把装满钱的红包给孩子们，因为这是好运和祝福的象征。此处envelopes与fill之间是被动关系，用被动结构be+v-ed。主语是envelopes，时态为一般现在时，be动词用are，fill的过去分词为filled。故填are filled。 6．句意：团圆饭也很重要，因为它象征着家人们团员。great后接名词形式，important“重要的”，其名词形式为importance。故填importance。 7．句意：桌子上有许多菜。many后接可数名词的复数形式，dish的复数形式为dishes。故填dishes。 8．句意：吃到硬币的人是幸运的。此处特指吃到硬币的人，用定冠词the。故填The。 9．句意：第二天，人们通常会拜访他们的亲戚朋友，互送祝福和礼物。relatives and friends为名词，前面用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their。故填their。 10．句意：烟花爆竹被燃放来庆祝新年，驱逐霉运。此处应该用动词不定式表示目的。故填to celebrate。 湖南省长沙市雅礼集团2024-2025学年九年级上学期期中英语试题 In Chinese culture, the jasmine (茉莉) flower holds an important place. In Putonghua, jasmine 1 (sound) like “no profit (没利 mò lì)”. Besides, its smell is believed to help clear the mind. Even to this day, the Ming dynasty folk song “Mo Li Hua” which speaks highly of the 2 (beautiful) of the white flower, is one of the most well-known folk songs in the world. 3 , jasmine is not originally (起初) from China. It is said that it traveled from ancient Rome to India through the Maritime Silk Road (海上丝绸之路). This ancient connection became active between the second century BCE and the mid-to-late 19th century. During the Han period, jasmine 4 (bring) to China. By the Song period, Fuzhou city, now the capital of Southern China’s Fujian province, was seen as a perfect location for 5 (grow) jasmine. During this time, women started to put jasmine in 6 (they) hair after bathing to make them smell better. Today, street sellers in some cities sell these flowers 7 visitors. They are pretty popular among women visitors. According to 8 (tradition) Chinese medicine, jasmine tea is cool in nature, light in taste, and believed to move away heat. Sugar-free tea drinks are flying off the 9 (shelf) in supermarkets and convenience stores as young people like healthier lifestyles. Among them, jasmine tea stands out as a favorite, 10 (especial) during the hot summer. 【答案】1．sounds 2．beauty 3．However 4．was brought 5．growing 6．their 7．to 8．traditional 9．shelves 10．especially 【导语】本文讲述了茉莉花在中国文化中的重要地位及其历史传播过程。 1．句意：在普通话中，茉莉花听起来像“没利”。句子描述的是事实，应用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填sounds。 2．句意：即使在今天，明代的民歌《茉莉花》也因赞美这种白花的美丽而成为世界上最著名的民歌之一。beautiful是形容词，the...of之间用名词，beauty“美丽”符合语境。故填beauty。 3．句意：然而，茉莉花并非起初来自中国。空后和空前是转折关系，空后有逗号，应用however，故填However。 4．句意：在汉代，茉莉花被带到中国。主语和动词之间是动宾关系，句子是一般过去时，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是三单，be动词用was，故填was brought。 5． 句意：到了宋代，福州市，现为中国南方福建省的省会，被视为种植茉莉花的理想地点。for是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填growing。 6．句意：女性开始在沐浴后将茉莉花放在头发中以使其更香。空后是名词，此处需要形容词性物主代词作定语，故填their。 7．句意：今天，一些城市的街头小贩向游客出售这些花。根据“sell these flowers...visitors”可知，是指向游客售卖茉莉花，应用介词to。故填to。 8．句意：根据传统中医，茉莉花茶性凉，味轻，被认为能去除热气。空处修饰后面名词，应用形容词traditional“传统的”。故填traditional。 9．句意：由于年轻人喜欢更健康的生活方式，无糖茶饮料在超市和便利店的货架上热销。根据“in supermarkets and convenience stores”可知，是指在超市和便利店上的货架，名词应用复数。故填shelves。 10．句意：其中，茉莉花茶在炎热的夏季尤为受欢迎。especial是形容词，空处作状语，需要用副词especially，故填especially。 湖南省衡阳市八中教育集团成章实验中学联考2024-2025学年九年级上学期10月月考英语试题 Asking for directions is a very common thing in our daily lives. However, do you know how to do that in foreign 1 (country)? Knowing it can make our stay there much 2 (easy). The way we ask for directions may influence the answers we get. Here 3 (be) some advice for you. Use greetings and polite expressions Starting the conversation 4 a greeting is a must. If you want to get a nice explanation, begin by 5 (say) “hello” first. Know how to ask a question Use proper words and try not 6 (leave) any information out. If you ask a question 7 (polite), there are more chances of getting an excellent answer. Don’t be afraid of using landmarks (地标) Every city in the world has its own landmarks. You can save some time if you know 8 the important landmarks are in the city. For example, in London, the main landmark is Big Ben. There is no need to laugh at 9 (you) if you get lost. We may all get lost now and then, especially when visiting 10 new city! 【答案】1．countries 2．easier 3．is 4．with 5．saying 6．to leave 7．politely 8．what 9．yourself 10．a 【导语】本文主要讲述了如何问路的建议。 1．句意：然而，你知道如何在外国这样做吗？此处泛指外国，用复数形式countries“国家”。故填countries。 2．句意：知道这一点可以使我们在那里的逗留更加容易。根据“much”可知，空处用比较级easier“更容易的”。故填easier。 3．句意：这里给你一些建议。句子是here be结构，主语some advice是不可数名词，且时态为一般现在时，be用is。故填is。 4．句意：以问候开始对话是必须的。根据“Starting the conversation ... a greeting”可知，是指以问候开始一段对话，介词with“用”符合语境。故填with。 5．句意：如果你想得到一个很好的解释，首先要说“你好”。by是介词，后跟动名词。故填saying。 6．句意：使用适当的词语，尽量不要遗漏任何信息。try not to do sth“尽量不做某事”，空处用不定式。故填to leave。 7．句意：如果你礼貌地问一个问题，就有更多的机会得到一个很好的答案。空处修饰动词ask，用副词形式politely“礼貌地”。故填politely。 8．句意：如果你知道这个城市的重要地标，你可以节省一些时间。根据“the important landmarks are in the city”可知，是指这个城市最重要的地标是什么，用what引导宾语从句。故填what。 9．句意：如果你迷路了，没有必要嘲笑自己。根据“if you get lost”可知，是指嘲笑自己，空处用反身代词yourself“你自己”。故填yourself。 10．句意：我们可能都会时不时地迷路，尤其是在参观一座新城市的时候！此处泛指一座新城，且new是辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a表示。故填a。 板块三 全国优秀试题题改编 2024·福建·中考真题（改编） . Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi province. It lies in 1 north of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 2 (give) it the name Chang’ an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved its great importance. Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in 3 (build) their ancient capitals. Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall—one of the few city walls still left in China—is a good example. It 4 (go) around the city and is an important cultural site (遗址). In central Xi’an there is the Bell Tower—the 5 ( large) bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first designed as an emergency alarm (警钟) to warn of danger, 6 it was very often used to tell people the time. While Xi’an is a city 7 a long history, it is also very much a part of the modern world. It is best 8 (know) as a center for software (软件) research, development and services. Historically, Xi’an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other 9 (city). Xi’an is a city always remaking 10 (it) and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past. 【答案】1．the 2．gave 3．building 4．goes 5．largest 6．but 7．with 8．known 9．cities 10．itself 【导语】本文介绍了中国的城市西安。 1．句意：它在中国北方。in the north表示“在北方”。故填the。 2．句意：他给它长安的名字。根据“who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. ”可知描述过去的事，用一般过去时，give过去式为gave。故填gave。 3．句意：韩国和日本效仿西安建造古都。in为介词，后接动词的动名词形式。故填building。 4．句意：它环绕着城市，是一个重要的文化遗址。根据“is an important cultural site ”可知此句时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单。故填goes。 5．句意：在西安的中心有钟楼——中国现存最大的钟楼。the后接形容词最高级，largest表示“最大的”。故填largest。 6．句意：钟最初是作为紧急警报来警告危险的，但它经常被用来告诉人们时间。空前后有转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 7．句意：西安是一座历史悠久的城市，同时也是现代世界的一部分。根据“While Xi’an is a city ... a long history”可知此处指有悠久历史的城市，介词with表示“具有”。故填with。 8．句意：它以软件研究、开发和服务中心而闻名。形容词短语be known as表示“被称为”。故填known。 9．句意：从历史上看，西安一直是一座艺术、工业和商业之都，这使它远远领先于许多其他城市。many other后接名词复数。故填cities。 10．句意：西安是一个不断自我改造和向前看的城市，同时也保留着过去的精华。根据“ Xi’an is a city always remaking”可知此处指改进自己，主语是Xi’an，此处用反身代词itself。故填itself。 2024·山东聊城·中考真题（改编） Hi Alice, How are you? I want to tell you about my trip to the city space museum two days ago. I have never been there before, so I was 1 (excite)! I was taking care of my little sister and she was bored so I said, “We are going on an 2 (usual) experience!” When we arrived, we started to explore (探索). The space museum is very large and full of interesting and exciting objects 3 (touch). The first room you enter looks like deep space. There is information about different planets with a quiz (知识竞赛) at the end. The 4 (win) has a chance to invent a name for a planet—that’s exciting, isn’t it? The 5 (two) room looks like the inside of a spaceship. You can touch an astronaut’s spacesuit (宇航服). It looks really heavy! I don’t know how an astronaut can wear it. It looks a little old. I don’t know when it 6 (make), either. And you can see where the astronauts prepare their food. Did you know they use a knife, fork and spoon to eat? I didn’t. I thought it was all in bags. We were looking at the oven from the spaceship when my sister 7 (tell) me she was hungry. So we went to have a snack. They were preparing a pizza (比萨饼) in the restaurant and the smell of food always makes me hungry so we had a piece of pizza! It was delicious. While we 8 (eat) a pizza, they were baking (烘焙) biscuits, so we ate some. Don’t worry! We have bought some 9 (介词) you—you will love them! They look like rockets and taste like honey! After lunch, we explored more of the museum 10 (连词) stayed for the rest of the day. They were turning off the lights when we left! Have you ever been to a museum? See you soon! Helen 【答案】 1．excited 2．unusual 3．to touch 4．winner 5．second 6．was made 7．told 8．were eating 9．for 10．and 【导语】本文是海伦向爱丽丝介绍了自己前两天去城市太空博物馆的经历。 1．句意：我以前从来没有去过那里，所以我很兴奋！根据“I was”可知，此处用形容词作表语，且修饰人，应用-ed形式的形容词。故填excited。 2．句意：我们要去进行一次不同寻常的经历！根据“an”及后文可知，此处指一次不寻常的经历，用形容词unusual“不寻常的”，作定语修饰名词。故填unusual。 3．句意：太空博物馆非常大，充满了有趣和令人兴奋的可以触摸的物体。此处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词objects。故填to touch。 4．句意：获胜者有机会为一颗行星发明一个名字——这很令人兴奋，不是吗？根据“has a chance to invent a name for a planet”可知，是指获胜者有机会为一颗行星发明一个名字，winner“获胜者”，根据“has”可知，用单数形式。故填winner。 5．句意：第二个房间看起来像宇宙飞船的内部。根据“The ... room”可知，此处指第二个房间，应用序数词second表顺序。故填second。 6．句意：我也不知道它是什么时候制作的。it指代前文的宇航服，与动词make之间存在被动关系，且制作宇航服这件事发生在过去，应为一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语it是第三人称单数，be用was，make用其过去分词made。故填was made。 7．句意：我们从宇宙飞船上看烤箱的时候，我妹妹告诉我她饿了。根据“she was hungry”可知，此处时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式told。故填told。 8．句意：当我们吃披萨的时候，他们在烤饼干，所以我们吃了一些。此处是含while引导的时间状语从句的复合句，从句常用过去进行时，结构是was/were doing，主语是复数，be用were。故填were eating。 9．句意：我们给你买了一些——你会喜欢的！buy sth. for sb.“给某人买某物”，固定短语。故填for。 10．句意：午饭后，我们探索了博物馆的更多部分，并在那里待了一天。“explored more of the museum”和“stayed for the rest of the day”之间是顺承关系，用and连接。故填and。 2024·辽宁锦州·三模 Did ancient people plant trees? 1 they didn’t have a special day to plant trees like Tree-Planting Day, the tradition of planting trees has been there for a long time. Back then, it was always 2 (rain) around the Tomb-Sweeping Day in spring. The trees that were planted around this time had better conditions to grow than usual, so people formed the custom of planting trees around the Tomb-Sweeping Day. There were many kinds of trees. However, mulberry trees (桑树) and fruit trees were the 3 (popular) of all. To feed the silkworms (蚕), more mulberry leaves 4 (need). Silk came from the silkworms, and then it was made into silk clothes and traded between the East and the West of the world. Among the ancient people who suggested 5 (get) trees to offer food and clothes, there was a man whose name is well-known, Mencius (孟子) . Dong Feng, a famous doctor in the Three Kingdom Period (三国时期), saved many 6 (patient) lives for free. He only asked them to plant apricot trees (杏树) on a hill. Gradually, a forest of apricot trees grew on 7 hill. That’s why we now praise a doctor who has excellent skills with the words “warmth in an apricot forest”. Each dynasty has different tree planting projects. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, 8 (personal) planted a ginkgo tree(银杏树) in a temple in Chang’ an 1, 400 years later, the ginkgo tree is still growing. So far, the temple 9 (become) a popular place for tourists. So, 10 the Tree-Planting Day next year, do you want to plant a tree with your wishes on it? 【答案】 1．Although/Though 2．rainy 3．most popular 4．were needed 5．getting 6．patients’ 7．the 8．personally 9．has become 10．on 【导语】本文主要介绍了古代人的种树传统。 1．句意：尽管他们没有像植树节这样的特殊植树日，但植树的传统已经存在很长时间了。根据“... they didn’t have a special day to plant trees like Tree-Planting Day, the tradition of planting trees has been there for a long time.”可知，即使缺乏一个专门的植树日，也不妨碍人们长期保持植树的习惯，是让步状语从句。故填Although/Though。 2．句意：那时，春天的清明节前后总是下雨。观察句子结构可知，空格所填词表明天气特征，在句中作表语，故填形容词，故填rainy。 3．句意：然而，桑树和果树是最受欢迎的。根据“of all”可知，此处用最高级most popular， 最高级前加定冠词the。故填most popular。 4．句意：喂蚕需要更多的桑叶。主语“more mulberry leaves”和谓语动词need之间是动宾关系，故填被动语态，这里是对过去情况的描述，故用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+done，主语“more mulberry leaves”是复数形式，be动词用were。故填were needed。 5．句意：在古代人们建议用树来提供食物和衣服的人中，有一个人的名字很有名，他就是孟子。本题考查suggest doing sth. “建议做某事”。故填getting。 6．句意：三国时期的名医董峰免费挽救了许多病人的生命。根据“many... lives”可知，此处用名词复数的所有格patients’ 修饰名词，表泛指。故填patients’。 7．句意：渐渐地，山上长出了一片杏树林。此处特指前文提到的山，用定冠词the。故填the。 8．句意：唐太宗李世民亲自在长安的一座寺庙里种了一棵银杏树。此处修饰动词planted用副词personally “亲自”。故填personally。 9．句意：到目前为止，这座寺庙已成为游客的热门景点。根据“So far”可知，句子用现在完成时，主语是the temple，助动词用has。故填has become。 10．句意：在明年的植树节，你想种一棵带着你愿望的树吗？空格后的“the Tree-Planting Day next year”是具体的某一天，用介词on。故填on。 2024·河北承德·二模（改编） If you count the number of digits (数字) in your mobile phone number, you can notice that it has 11 digits. Sometimes you may find 1 hard to remember your number. How can you remember it 2 (clear)? The 11 digits can be divided into three parts. Each part has a different 3 (mean). The first three numbers tell you which mobile phone 4 (serve) provider you are using. For example, 135 is for China Mobile Communications Corporation (中国移动) and 188 is for China Unicom (中国联通). The 5 (four) to the seventh digits tell you where the number is registered. And 6 last four digits are random (随机的). The main reason for using 11 digits is that we have the 7 (large) population in the world. We once had 10 numbers. But as our population 8 (grow), there were not enough numbers for us to use. So we have used 11 digits since the year l999. Eleven digits can be used to make tens of billions of mobile phone 9 (number). That’s enough for each person to have seven or eight phone numbers to use 10 China. 【答案】1．it 2．clearly 3．meaning 4．service 5．fourth 6．the 7．largest 8．grew 9．numbers 10．in 【导语】本文介绍了11个电话号码的组成，以及解释了设置11个数字作为号码的原因。 1．句意：有时你可能会发现很难记住你的电话号码。find it adj. to do sth.“发现做某事是……的”，it作形式宾语。故填it。 2．句意：你怎么能记住这么清楚？修饰动词remember应用clear的副词clearly“清楚地”。故填clearly。 3．句意：每一部分都有不同的含义。根据“a different”可知此处应用单数名词；mean的名词为meaning“意义，含义”。故填meaning。 4．句意：前三个数字告诉你你正在使用哪个移动电话服务提供商。根据“mobile phone ... provider ”可知此处指移动电话服务提供商，应用serve的名词service。故填service。 5．句意：第四位到第七位数字告诉您号码的注册位置。空前有定冠词The，four要用序数词fourth。故填fourth。 6．句意：最后四位数字是随机的。根据“And ... last four digits are random (随机的).”可知此处是特指最后四位数，应用定冠词the。故填the。 7．句意：使用11位数的主要原因是我们拥有世界上最多的人口。空前有定冠词the，形容词large应用最高级largest。故填largest。 8．句意：但是随着人口的增长，没有足够的数字供我们使用。根据“were”可知时态为一般过去时，动词grow应用过去式grew。故填grew。 9．句意：11个数字可以组成数百亿个手机号码。根据“tens of billions of ”可知，名词number应用复数形式。故填numbers。 10．句意：在中国，每个人有七八个电话号码就足够了。in China“在中国”，固定短语。故填in。 24-25九年级上·江苏南通·期中 Two heads are better than one. It 1 (mean) that two people working together have a better chance of solving problems than one person. But not everyone likes working with others — especially when working in a group. There can be a number of 2 (reason) why people dislike group work. Some may feel nervous or 3 (comfortable) in group situations. Others may have a bad experience with someone who doesn’t work well as a team. In fact, cooperative (合作的) learning 4 (become) a wonderful method so far. It can help solve the problem and have 5 (far) study. It is very 6 (value) because it gives each person of the group a duty to achieve a shared goal. For example, if learners are divided into groups of four people, their roles (角色) may be 7 (lead), writer, checker, speaker. This makes sure everyone takes part in the group work. It also allows each member 8 (play) a meaningful part in completing the shared goal. Besides, you can learn to listen to others while your team members 9 (talk). Of course, it’s better to pay attention to explaining something 10 (clear) before the cooperative activity: the main job for the activity and how the cooperative roles work. With the cooperative learning method, we can say that four heads are better than just one. 【答案】 1．means 2．reasons 3．uncomfortable 4．has become 5．further 6．valuable 7．leader 8．to play 9．are talking 10．clearly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了合作学习的重要性。 1．句意：这意味着两个人一起工作比一个人有更好的解决问题的机会。mean“意味着”，动词，时态为一般现在时，主语是It，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填means。 2．句意：人们不喜欢小组合作可能有很多原因。a number of“许多的”，修饰可数名词复数，故填reasons。 3．句意：有些人在小组情况下可能会感到紧张或不舒服。comfortable“舒服的”，此处与nervous并列，应用其反义词uncomfortable“不舒服的”，故填uncomfortable。 4．句意：事实上，到目前为止，合作学习已经成为一种很好的学习方法。根据“so far”可知，时态用现在完成时“have/has done”，主语是cooperative learning，助动词应用has，become的过去分词为become，故填has become。 5．句意：它可以帮助解决问题，并有进一步的研究。根据“It can help solve the problem and have ... study.”及语境可知，此处应用形容词比较级further，表示进一步研究，修饰名词study，故填further。 6．句意：它是非常有价值的，因为它赋予团队中的每个人实现共同目标的责任。此处作表语应用形容词valuable“有价值的”，故填valuable。 7．句意：例如，如果学习者被分成四人一组，他们的角色可能是领导、作家、检查员、演讲者。根据“writer, checker, speaker”可知，此处应用名词单数leader“领导”，故填leader。 8．句意：这也允许每个成员在完成共同目标中发挥有意义的作用。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，故填to play。 9．句意：此外，当你的团队成员说话时，你可以学会倾听别人。根据“you can learn to listen to others while your team members ...”可知，此处while引导的时间状语从句，应用现在进行时“am/is/are doing”，主语your team members是复数，be动词用are，talk的现在分词为talking，故填are talking。 10．句意：当然，最好在合作活动之前清楚地解释一些事情。此处应用副词clearly“清楚地”修饰动词短语explaining something，故填clearly。 24-25九年级上·江苏常州·期中（改编） Tea is one of the most popular 1 (drink) in the world. Chinese agricultural (农业的) production 2 (guide) by solar terms (节气), and so is tea production. Picking tea leaves is 3 important spring activity in South China. Tea 4 (pick) before Qingming is called Mingqian tea. Because of the small output 5 good quality, Mingqian tea is considered quite 6 (value). In spring, local hillsides are often filled with tea pickers as well as farmers planting on their lands. The beautiful scenery of tea farms in the countryside is of great 7 (important) to the tourism in these places. Many families take their children to experience the fun of picking tea leaves during spring outings. Picking tea leaves also 8 (show) hard work of Chinese people and it is one of the traditional virtues. Today scientists know that tea contains chemicals (化学物质) that keep cells 9 dying. Most teas have caffeine in them, which makes you feel better and 10 (energy). Some people have problems drinking tea because it can cause sleeplessness. 【答案】1．drinks 2．is guided 3．an 4．picked 5．and 6．valuable 7．importance 8．shows 9．from 10．more energetic 【导语】本文介绍了茶作为世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一，以及中国茶叶生产的特色，特别是明前茶的珍贵，同时强调了采茶所体现的中国人的勤劳这一传统美德，并提到了茶对人体健康的影响。 1．句意：茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一。one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”。drink饮料，此处用其复数形式。故填drinks。 2．句意：中国的农业生产受节气引导，茶叶生产也是如此。根据句意和“by solar terms”可知，此处用被动语态be done，且主语为不可数名词production，所以be动词用is。故填is guided。 3．句意：采茶是华南一项重要的春季活动。activity为可数名词单数，且important以元音音素开头，所以此处用不定冠词an修饰，表示泛指。故填an。 4．句意：清明前采摘的茶叶叫明前茶。根据句意和“Tea”可知，此处为过去分词作后置定语，表示清明前被采摘的茶叶，pick的过去分词为picked。故填picked。 5．句意：由于产量小且质量好，明前茶被认为很珍贵。根据句意可知，此处用连词and连接两个并列的形容词small和good，表示“产量小且质量好”。故填and。 6．句意：由于产量小且质量好，明前茶被认为很珍贵。根据句意和“is considered”可知，此处用形容词作表语，value的形容词为valuable，表示“有价值的”。故填valuable。 7．句意：乡村茶园的美景对这些地方的旅游业具有重要意义。of为介词，后接名词作宾语，importance为名词，表示“重要性”。故填importance。 8．句意：采茶也体现了中国人民的辛勤劳动，它是传统美德之一。根据句意和“is”可知，此处用一般现在时，且主语为动名词短语Picking tea leaves，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式shows。故填shows。 9．句意：今天科学家们知道，茶叶中含有防止细胞死亡的化学物质。keep...from doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“阻止……做某事”。故填from。 10．句意：大多数茶都含有咖啡因，这会让你感觉更好，更有活力。根据句意和“better”可知，此处用比较级more energetic，表示“更有活力的”。故填more energetic。 板块四 中考真题练手 2024湖南长沙卷 Chinese New Year is a great celebration. It ___1___ (mark) the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits ___2___ each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special ___3___ (meaning). They represent (象征) the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings, Orchids (兰花) come in many colors, but many people like purple and red ones for Chinese New Year. They are believed ___4___ (represent) love and beauty. Orchids say, “Wish you to be ___5___ (luck), successful and happy.” During the holiday period, this plant is a must. Peonies (牡丹) are like soft clouds in pink, red and white. They are beautiful and can brighten up someone’s day. Red peonies ___6___ (give) to people to show love and care. Peonies say, “You are special to me.” They are also a symbol of wealth and ___7___ (rich). Kumquats (金橘), with ___8___ (they) golden color, ate a symbol of wealth and luck. The Chinese word for “kumquat” sounds like “gold orange”, which connects kumquats with richness. This small fruit tree is often presented in pairs. The apple, with its bright colors ___9___ round shape, represents peace and harmony (和谐). In fact, the word for “apple” in Chinese sounds like “peace”. ___10___ (certain), apples make great gifts. 【答案】1. marks 2. to 3. meanings 4. to represent 5. lucky 6. are given 7. richness 8. their 9. and 10. Certainly 【导语】本文主要介绍人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果这一习俗及背后的意义。 1. 句意：它标志着冬天的结束和春天的开始。时态是一般现在时，主语是It，动词用三单，故填marks。 2. 句意：根据传统，人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果，因为它们承载着许多特殊的含义。give sth to sb“给某人某物”，故填to。 3. 句意：根据传统，人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果，因为它们承载着许多特殊的含义。many修饰可数名词复数，故填meanings。 4. 句意：人们认为它们代表着爱和美。be believed to do sth“被相信做某事”，故填to represent。 5. 句意：兰花的意思是：“祝你幸运、成功、快乐。”此处在句中作表语，用其形容词形式，故填lucky。 6. 句意：红色的牡丹是用来表示爱和关心的。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态be done，主语是复数，be动词用are，故填are given。 7. 句意：它们也是财富和富裕的象征。此处与wealth并列，用名词形式，故填richness。 8. 句意：金黄色的金橘被认为是财富和幸运的象征。此处作定语修饰其后的名词，用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。 9. 句意：苹果颜色鲜艳，形状圆润，象征着和平与和谐。前后构成并列关系，用and连接，故填and。 10. 句意：当然，苹果是很好的礼物。此处在句中修饰整个句子，用副词Certainly放句首，故填Certainly。 2023·湖南岳阳卷 Volunteering means that someone works to help people without being paid. Volunteers help people who really need help. There are many places where you can see different volunteers. At school gates, you can see some volunteers with red vests (马甲). Can you guess ____1____ they are? They are parent volunteers. When students go ____2____ the street, parent volunteers ____3____ up a “SLOW” sign to let drivers slow down. In order to become professional traffic volunteers, parents are supposed to learn how to give directions to students and stop them from ____4____ soccer on the road. ____5____ of these volunteers, students can get to school and go back home safely. Yueyang Daily reports many parents are looking ____6____ to being a volunteer. They wish to make an effort to protect students’ safety. Another group of “red vests” show up on main roads. They help cleaners pick up dirty paper, plastic bags, glass bottles and so on. They ask the passers-by (路人) not to throw the rubbish everywhere. “____7____ you please take away your rubbish?” “Would you mind picking up your cigarette butts (烟头)? ...” ____8____ their work seems simple, they still take it seriously. Wherever you go, you can see volunteers in red vests, they have become the most beautiful scenes in our city. Some teenagers ____9____ their free time in hospitals or old people’s homes. They cheer sick kids up or look after old people. In the countryside, some college students play an important role ____10____ volunteering. They can provide science and technology help for farmers. Some volunteers work as teachers in village schools. A lot of volunteers give their kindness with a helping band. They can make a difference to people in need and the society. 【答案】1. who 2. across 3. put 4. playing 5. Because 6. forward 7. Could 8. Although##Though 9. spend 10. in 【导语】本文主要介绍不同地方的不同志愿者。 1. 句意：你能猜到他们是谁吗？根据“Can you guess...they are? They are parent volunteers.”可知，猜他们是谁，用who引导宾语从句，故填who。 2. 句意：当学生过马路时，家长志愿者会竖起一个“SLOW”的标志，让司机减速。根据“When students go...the street”可知，此处是go across the street短语，意为“过马路”，故填across。 3. 句意：当学生过马路时，家长志愿者会竖起一个“SLOW”的标志，让司机减速。根据“parent volunteers...up a ‘SLOW’ sign”可知，此处是put up短语，意为“举起”，故填put。 4. 句意：为了成为专业的交通志愿者，父母应该学会如何给学生指路，阻止他们在路上踢足球。根据“stop them from...soccer on the road”可知，此处是play soccer短语，意为“踢足球”，from是介词，其后加动名词作宾语。故填playing。 5. 句意：因为有了这些志愿者，学生们可以安全地上学和回家。根据“...of these volunteers, students can get to school and go back home safely.”可知，因为志愿者，学生们可以安全上下学，because of“因为”符合语境，句首需大写首字母。故填Because。 6. 句意：据《岳阳日报》报道，许多家长都期待着成为一名志愿者。根据“Yueyang Daily reports many parents are looking...to being a volunteer.”可知，此处是look forward to短语，意为“期待”，故填forward。 7. 句意：请你把垃圾拿走好吗？根据“...you please take away your rubbish?”可知，请对方把垃圾带走，用could表示委婉语气，句首需大写首字母。故填Could。 8. 句意：虽然他们的工作看起来很简单，但他们仍然认真对待。分析“...their work seems simple, they still take it seriously.”可知，前后两句构成让步关系，用although/though引导让步状语从句，句首需大写首字母。故填Although/Though。 9. 句意：一些青少年在医院或敬老院度过他们的空闲时间。根据“Some teenagers...their free time in hospitals or old people’s homes.”可知，此处指度过他们的空闲时间，spend“度过”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填spend。 10. 句意：在农村，一些大学生在志愿服务中发挥着重要作用。根据“some college students play an important role...volunteering”可知，此处play an important role in短语，意为“在……中起重要作用”，故填in。 2023·湖南长沙卷 Do you know World Letter Writing Day? It falls ____1____ September 1st every year. It was set up by Richard Simpkin in 2014. He encouraged people ____2____ (take) a break from today’s social media (媒体) and write a letter to someone by hand. Who should you write to? Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive ____3____ (you) letter. How do you write a letter? ____4____ (general) speaking, a letter includes these parts. The date and a greeting (问候语) such as “Dear…” should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as “Love” or “Yours truly” needs to follow the body. End it by ____5____ (sign) it. Why should you pick up a pen and write a letter? It is a surprise that may make someone’s day. It’s ____6____ good way to show people that you have been thinking of them. Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes ____7____ (enjoy) memories (回忆). Some people save ____8____ (letter) and look at them over the years. A recent study shows that letter writing ____9____ (make) the writer happy, too. “Handwriting is your DNA. It’s your fingerprint that only you can share with others,” said Richard Simpkin. So, get some paper ____10____ pick up a pen. Start writing a letter today! 【答案】1. on 2. to take 3. your 4. Generally 5. signing 6. a 7. enjoyable 8 letters 9. makes 10. and 【导语】本文介绍世界写信日，应该写信给谁，应该怎么写信，写信有什么意义等。 1. 句意：它是在每年的9月1日。“September 1st”是具体的时间，用介词on，故填on。 2. 意：他鼓励人们从今天的社交媒体中休息一下，手写一封信给别人。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to take。 3. 句意：父母或最好的朋友也会很乐意收到你的信。此处在句中作定语修饰letter，用形容词性物主代词your。故填your。 4. 句意：一般来说，一封信包括这些部分。generally enerally“一般来说”，句首需大写首字母。故填Generally。 5. 句意：通过签名来结束它。by是介词，其后加动名词作宾语。故填signing。 6. 句意：这是一个很好的方式来告诉人们你一直在想着他们。此处泛指一个方法，good首字母发辅音音素，故填a。 7. 句意：它带来愉快的回忆。此处作定语修饰memories，用形容词形式。故填enjoyable。 8. 句意：有些人把信件保存起来，多年来一直看。根据“them”可知，此处应使用名词复数形式。故填letters。 9. 句意：最近的一项研究表明，写信也会让写信人感到快乐。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“letter writing”，动词用三单。故填makes。 10. 句意：所以，拿起纸和笔。分析“get some paper...pick up a pen”可知，前后构成并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$