第01讲 动词的时态和语态（讲义）-【上好课】2025年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（江苏专用）

第01讲 动词时态和语态 目录 知识导图·思维引航 考点突破·考法探究 考点一 一般现在时&一般将来时 （一）两种时态的一般用法和特殊用法 （二）一般将来时的两种结构辨析 考点二 一般过去时和现在完成时 （一）两种时态各自的用法 （二）两种时态的易错点和辨析 考点三 现在进行时和过去进行时 （一）两种时态各自的用法 （二）两种进行时表示将来的特殊用法 （三）when/while/as的辨析 考点四 被动语态 （一）被动语态的一般用法 （二）被动语态的特殊用法（主动表示被动、无被动情况、have/make sth done） 分层训练·巩固提升 基础巩固 能力提升 考点一 一般现在时和一般将来时 （1） 两种时态的一般用法和特殊用法 考点1 一般现在时 一般现在时的一般用法 ①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often,always,usually,sometimes, once a week,every day等表示频度的副词和时间状语连用。 例如：I often take a bus to school．我经常坐公共汽车去上学。 ②表示客观事实或普遍真理。 例如：Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。 与一般现在时连用的时间状语 ①表示频度的副词always,often,usually,sometimes等。 ②on Sunday, on Monday afternoon, every year等时间状语。 ③once a year,twice a month,three times a week之类的时间状语。 考点2 一般将来时 一般将来时的一般用法 (1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，其结构是“will+动词原形”。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 例如：tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next Saturday,in+一段时间等。 e.g. Will you be back in two days?你两天后会回来吗？ 注意：当句中主语是I或we时，一般使用shall，表示征求对方意见。 e.g. Where shall we meet tomorrow？明天我们在哪里碰面？ (2)be going to+动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的并很可能发生的事。 e.g. “What are you going to do next Sunday?下周日你打算干什么？ Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那些乌云，暴风雨就要来临了。（客观现象） 注意：一般将来时中有特殊疑问词how soon， 若答句中是in +一段时间，我们选择特殊疑问词时注意选择how soon. 【主将从现】 当主句为一般将来时时，在以if, as soon as, until, when等引导的时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 如：When I grow up, l will go to America.当我长大后，我会去美国。 If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.如果明天不下雨，我们就去动物园。 注意：和if用法相同的连词可以进行补充：until, as soon as, unless (if... not), when, after, before等。 但注意when, after, before双重身份的词，并不是看到上面三个词就用主将从现。 ④在某些以here，there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。（了解） 如：There goes the bell. 铃响了。 【用进行时表示将来】 有些动词如come, go, stay, arrive, leave, begin, start等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期要发生的动作。如:I'm leaving for Beijing next month.下个月我计划去北京。 【用现在时表示将来】 某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、上下课等。 如:We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 o'clock.我们必须快点，第一节课将在8点开始。 考点二 一般过去时和现在完成时 （一）两种时态各自的用法 考点1 一般过去时 一般过去时的用法 1　 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如: She traveled every winter.她过去每年冬天去旅行。 2　 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如: My grandpa often told us stories on summer evenings.我爷爷常在夏夜给我们讲故事。 考点2 现在完成时 现在完成时的概念 (1)表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有:lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(在过去的几天/年里),since then, up to now, so far(至今)等。如: Mary has been ill since last Sunday.玛丽从上个星期天开始就生病了。 I have lived in Korea for two years.我已经在韩国住7两年了。 (2)表示一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有:already, just(刚刚)，yet, never, before等。如: He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)他关掉灯了。 The concert has started. ( =The concert is on now.)音乐会开始了。 (3)几个副词在现在完成时中的用法 ①just意为“刚刚”，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间； e.g. He has just come back from America ②ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词和过去分词之间； e.g. Have you ever been to London?你去过伦敦吗？ 【注意】重点考点have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”；have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人称。）have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。（人已回）。 Jim has gone to New York with his family. Jim和他的家人去了纽约。 Have you ever been to New York? 你去过纽约吗？ The Greens have been in New York for three years.格林一家在纽约（生活）已有3年了。 Mr Li has been at this school for ten years.李先生在这个学校已有10年了。 The Greens are in Nanjing now. They have been here for half a year. 格林一家现在在南京。他们在这儿已有半年了。 部分非延续性动词(短语)和延续性动词(短语)的转换: 买buy-have 借borrow-keep 结婚get married-be married 参加join-be a member of 离开leave-be away 回来come back-be back 生病fall ill-be ill 死亡die-be dead 关闭turn off-be off 打开turn on-be on 动身leave for-be off to 变成become-be 返回return-be back 开始begin-be on 睡觉go to bed-sleep 来/去come/go-be in/away 入睡go to sleep- be asleep 到达get to/arrive in(at)/reach-be in 如何区别一般过去时和现在完成时? (1)现在完成时表示始于过去，持续到现在这一段时间的动作或状态;而一般过去时却表示在过去发生，并在过去结束的动作或状态。如: John lives in London. He has lived there for seven years.约翰住在伦敦，他在那里住了七年。 (2)选择现在完成时还是一般过去时，常常取决于讲话人头脑中是否有一个尚未结束的隐含时间区。如: Have you seen the film?你已经看过这部电影了吗?(电影还在播放) Did you see the film?你看了这部电影?(电影播放过了) (第一句暗示现在电影正在放映，问话人想了解听话人对电影的看法如何;第二句暗示电影放映过了，与现在无关，问话人只问听话人是否看了电影那个事实。) (3)现在完成时常用于提供新的信息，因此，两人对话时往往先用现在完成时，如果继续谈到具体的事物、时间、地点、方法，须用一般过去时。如: 一Have you watched the football match?你看足球赛了吗? —Yes, I have.是的，我看过了。 —When did you watch it?你什么时候看的? —I watched it yesterday.我昨天看的。 考点三 现在进行时和过去进行时 考点1 现在进行时 (1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 (2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 e.g. The students are working on the farm these days. 学生们这些天一直在农场劳动。 注意：关于现在进行时要注意其概念中的两点“此时此刻（now）”与“现阶段（these days）”。 (3)用现在进行时表示将来。 常用这种结构的动词有：go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。 e.g. We are leaving for Shanghai.我们就要动身去上海了。 The bus is coming soon.公共汽车就快来了。 (4)当时间状语为now,these days 等或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,can’t you see之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时 【注意】下列这些动词一般不能用现在进行时 ①表示感觉的动词，如see,hear等 ②表示喜欢或厌恶的动词，如like,love,hate等；表示希望的动词，如want,would like等 ③表示状态的动词，如be等 ④表示归属的动词，如have等 ⑤表示思维，知识或理解能力的动词，如know,think,forget等 考点2 过去进行时 过去进行时的用法： ①表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如：Millie was cleaning her bedroom at 8 p.m. yesterday. 昨晚八点钟的时候米莉在打扫她的卧室。②表示在过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。 例如：We were working on the farm those days. 那些天我们正在农场上劳动。 ③表示过去某一动作发生时，另一动作也在同时进行。 例如：They were making notes while we were reading.我们看书的时候他们正在记笔记。 ④表示过去不断重复的动作。 例如：When he worked here, John was always making mistakes. 约翰在这儿工作时总是犯错。 ⑤ go,come,leave,arrive,start等动词其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。 例如：He was leaving Shanghai for Beijing the next Friday.下一个周五他计划离开上海去北京。 含有when或while或者as引导的时间状语从句中过去进行时的运用 ①主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，主句用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。 例如：He was watching TV when the phone rang. ②从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。 例如：Jim came in while Kate was watching TV.  在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。 ③若主句、从句动作开始时间不存在先后关系（即同时发生）或无所谓先后时，主从句可同时使用过去进行时，此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。 例如：They were making notes while we were reading. 我们看书的时候他们正在记笔记。 ④ as一般翻译成“随着；一边…一边…” 例如：As time goes by, he grows taller and taller.随着时间的流逝，他长得越来越高了。 考点四 被动语态 （一）被动语态的一般用法 考点1 被动语态的基本用法 ①不知道谁是动作的执行者。 如:The car was made in China.这辆汽车是中国产的。 ②由于某种原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 如:English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。 ③需要强调动作的承受者。 如:Professor Black will be invited to the meeting. Black教授将被邀参加会议。 带双宾语的主动句如何变为被动句? (1)通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变。如: He told us a story. →We were told a story ( by him).他给我们讲了一个故事。 My father gave me a new pen. →I was given a new pen by my father.我爸爸给我一支新钢笔。 (2)如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前有时要加介词to(在send, pass, write, give, show, bring等动词之后)或for(在buy, cook, make, order, choose等动词之后)。如: My teacher gave me some advice. →Some advice was given to me by my teacher.我的老师给我提了一些建议。 My mother bought me a new bag. →A new bag was bought for me by my mother.我妈妈给我买了一个新包。 （二）被动语态的特殊用法（主动表示被动、无被动情况、have/make sth done） 感官动词或表示“变化”的动词不能用于被动语态。需要记住的单词有: look(看起来) sound(听起来) taste(尝起来) smell(闻起来) feel(摸起夹.感受) seem(似乎) remain(仍然) keep(保持) prove(证明) · 在口语中常用“get+过去分词”来表示被动 get married结婚 get hurt受伤 get dressed穿衣服 get lost迷路 get+过去分词 get drunk喝醉了 get paid获得报酬 get started行动起来 get treated得到治疗 get elected当选 例如: She got married last week.她上周结婚了。 The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。 He fell off the car and got killed.他从汽车上掉下来，摔死了。 【注意】 被动语态和系表结构都是be+过去分词，但被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态，一般不和by短语连用。 如:The school gate is closed now.(系表结构) The school gate is shut by an old man at 6 p. m. every day.(被动语态) 有些动词主动形式表示被动的含义 有些被动形式表示主动的含义 (1)有些不及物动词的主动形式可表被动意义。这样的动词有act, open, close, catch, sell, read, keep, draw, drive, write等。 如:The shop opens at six in the morning.这家商店早上六点开门营业。 (2)一些表示感知的连系动词如look, feel, sound, taste, smell等常用主动形式表被动意义。 如:The red apple tastes delicious.这个红苹果很好吃。 (3)在need, want, require, deserve等动词后面常接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 如:Your desk needs repairing.你的课桌需要修理了。 (4)动词不定式作定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且又和句中另外一个名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，这时不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 如:My teacher gave me some homework to do.我的老师给我布置了一些家庭作业去做。 (to do与homework构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和me构成逻辑上的主谓关系) (5)当动词不定式作表语形容词easy, hard, difficult, impossible, good等的状语，又和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，该不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 如:English is easy to learn.英语容易学。 (6)在“too ... to”和“enough to”结构中，如果句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，这时动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 如:The water is too dirty to drink.水太脏，不能喝。 被动语态中关于have/make sth done特殊结构： 在被动中动词have、make后面出现的事情如果是被做的情况，可以采用have/make sth done的结构。 如：You had your hair cut.你让你的头发被剪了。 He has his room cleaned.他让他的房间被打扫了。 She made herself understood by others.她让她自己被其他人理解了。 1.判断动词是否存在被动，也就是是否为及物动词或者动词短语 2.判断动词是否属于主动表示被动的用法 3.注意动词适当形式填空和短文填空这样的题型容易考察这类知识点 基础巩固 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1.That is the only way we can imagine ______(reduce) the waste of water in the bathroom. 2. The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth. 3. This story tells us a lesson—the early bird _________(catch) the worm. 4. Not just she but also I (be) interested in action films. 5.The train____ (leave) at 6:00 tomorrow morning. 6.I (visit) the Earthquake Museum this weekend. 7.I (finish/just) my homework. Millie (finish) her homework 20 minutes ago. 8. I__________ already ___________ (see) the film. I ___________ (see) it last week. 9. ----Hi, Judy. Have you graduated from college? ----Yes. I ______ (study) in Nanjing University for four years. 10.You can’t imagine what difficulty I had _______(express) myself clearly at the beginning. 11.My computer fan doesn’t work. Where can I have it _______(repair). 12.Sally loves chocolate. That ______(explain) why it’s hard for her to lose weight. 13.Cleverness is a gift; kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy--- they ___________(give) after all. 14.We ____________(eat) up all the food, but we still feel hungry. 15.The vegetables (plant) in the fields next week. 16.The soldier was very ill when he (operate) on by Dr. Bethune. 17.The password of your email box should (memorize). . 18.Liquids can (turn) into gases if their temperatures (make) hot enough. 20.The next morning they (find) that some trees (blow) down during the night. 【答案】 to reduce; is; catches; am; leaves；will/am going to visit； have just finished/ finished； have/seen/saw；studied; expressing; repaired; explains; are given; have eaten; will be plated ; was operated; be memorized; turn, are made ; will find ,will be blown 二、单项选择 1. Betty will ring me up when she _______ in Beijing. A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive 2. Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she______ back. A. came B. comes C. would come D. will come 3.Henry will give us a report as soon as he . A. arrives B. arrived C.is arriving D. will arrive 4.----Claudia，are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Sunday? ----Unless I . A. will be invited B.am invited C. was inviting D. invited 5. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMS, ______well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold 6. In the old days, they_______ in the factory from morning to evening. A. were made to work B. asked to work C. made to work D. were asked for work 7. He ______ go out with his parents, but now he ______ staying at home alone. A. used to； is used to B. is used to； used to C. use to； is used to 8. —Oh, my God! I can’t find my key to the office. —Don’t worry. Perhaps it _______ at your home. A. left B. has left C. was left D. had left 9. As the curtain , the famous singer came out. The fans and screamed with excitement. A. was raised; rose B. had been raised; were raised C. rose; were raised D. had risen; raised 10.—I don’t know if aunt Li these “stay-home children tomorrow morning. — If I her, I would come earlier. A. will come to take care of; am B. come to look after; were C. will come to take care of; were D. comes to come up with; am 11. Where's Tom'? His mother him now. A. is looking for B. will look for C. has looked for D. Looks for 12. —What’s the weather like? —Oh, it ___ outside. Take an umbrella with you. A. rains B. is raining C. was raining D. rained 13. She ____ to an English program while her parents ____ TV. A. was listening; is watching B. listened; were watching C. was listening; watched D. was listening; were watching 14. - Has your friend completed his design? - Not yet. He ________ on it last night. A. worked B. has worked C. is working D. was working 15. —I saw Mr Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning. —That’s impossible. He __________ an English party with us then. A.has B. had C. was having D. has had 16. Julie’s father_______ to London last month. He ________ there three times. A. went; had gone B. has gone: has been C. went; has been D. has been; had gone 17. —How long has Robert_____ ? —Since 2004. A. been to Beijing B.become a policeman C.joined the art club D.studied in this school 18. Tom _______ the USA. He _______ back in two months. A. has gone to; comes B. has gone to; will be C. has been to; comes D. has been to; will be 19. Linda, with her parents, _______ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to 20.The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous, for she _____ before. A. didn’t B.hasn’t flown C.hadn’t flown D.wasn’t flying 21.The official said they _____ a new law to protect the tourists the next year. A.makes B. would make C.made D.have made 22. At last the boy was made_________ and began to laugh. A. stop crying     B. to stop to cry      C. to stop crying    D. stop to cry 23. — Do you know Lucy’s grandma? — Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has _________ for about a month since she _________ in the accident. A. been dead; was killed                B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed               D. died; killed 24. It will be two days before the decision _________. A. has made      B. will be made     C. was made      D. is made. 【答案】1-5 BBABA 6-10 AACAC 11-15 ABDDC 16-20 CDBAC 21-24 BCAD 能力提升 一、完形填空 Cloze 1（2024·江苏常州市·中考真题） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 With a birthday usually comes a party, as well as a cake, presents and wishes from friends. But beyond these, what does a birthday ____11____ mean? One year, I spent my birthday alone in a completely new place. Calls and messages poured in as usual.____12____, I was uncertain what to do. I had nowhere to go, nor did I know anyone with whom I could go out and share the ____13____ of the event. At that moment, my mother called me, asking, “What are you ____14____ for your birthday?” “I’m not sure, Mum. There’s ____15____ here,” I said in a low voice. “You don’t always need a lot of people for your birthday. Just follow your heart and make this day yours.” What Mum said made me feel less ____16____. Then I picked up a book and lost myself in it, with music on. I did exactly as my mother told me and ____17____ “my own day”. Unexpectedly, I got connected with my inner self. It was a ____18____ but satisfying day. I realized for the first time that I had fully grown-from the preschool child who shared chocolate with the whole class on my birthday to someone who could now ____19____ it with myself. When I lay in bed that night, I remembered my mother’s words. “You came into our lives this day,” she said. Her voice was filled with joy and ____20____ for the coming of my life. And indeed, that is the true ____21____ of birthday celebrations-the valuable gift of life itself. I spent a birthday ____22____ a party. It made me realize the spirit of birthday itself. 11. A. exactly        B. highly C. completely  D. nearly 12. A. Otherwise   B. However C. Instead        D. Moreover 13. A. joy B. success C. secret D. luck 14. A. reading      B. searching C. planning     D. asking 15. A. someone     B. everyone C. anyone       D. no one 16. A. unhappy     B. tired C. impatient     D. scared 17. A. shared      B. remembered C. enjoyed      D. recorded 18. A. hopeful      B. painful C. stressful     D. peaceful 19. A. understand    B. celebrate C. accept      D. discuss 20. A. thanks         B. regrets C. messages   D. excuses 21. A. sign B. art C. meaning D. symbol 22. A. at B. for C. except D. without 【答案】11. A    12. B    13. A    14. C    15. D    16. A    17. C    18. D    19. B    20. A    21. C    22. D 【解析】本文讲述了作者在一个完全陌生的地方独自度过生日，通过母亲的建议，作者度过了一个平静但令人满意的生日，并意识到生日的真正意义。 (11)题详解： 句意：但除此之外，生日究竟意味着什么呢？ exactly确切地；highly高度地；completely完全地；nearly几乎。根据“what does a birthday… mean”可知，此处指生日究竟意味着什么，故选A。 (12)题详解： 句意：然而，我不确定该做什么。 Otherwise否则；However然而；Instead相反；Moreover此外。根据“Calls and messages poured in as usual.”和下文“I was uncertain what to do.”可知，尽管电话和信息如往常一样涌入，但我不确定该做什么，故选B。 (13)题详解： 句意：我无处可去，也没有认识的人可以一起出去分享这件事的快乐。 joy快乐；success成功；secret秘密；luck运气。根据“spent my birthday alone”以及“share the … of the event”可知，生日是一件快乐的事，作者找不到人分享这件事，故选A。 (14)题详解： 句意：你生日打算做什么？ reading阅读；searching搜索；planning计划；asking询问。根据“What are you…for your birthday”可知，母亲在问作者生日打算做什么，故选C。 (15)题详解： 句意：这里没有人。 someone某人；everyone每个人；anyone任何人；no one没有人。根据“I had nowhere to go, nor did I know anyone with whom…”可知，作者在一个完全陌生的地方，所以此处指没有人，故选D。 (16)题详解： 句意：妈妈的话让我感觉不那么不开心了。 unhappy不开心的；tired累的；impatient不耐烦的；scared害怕的。根据“I had nowhere to go, nor did I know anyone with whom I could go out and share the…”可知，在作者生日这一天，没有地方可去，没有人分享快乐，这让作者很不开心，而妈妈的话让作者感觉不那么不开心了，故选A。 (17)题详解： 句意：我完全按照妈妈告诉我的做了，享受了“我自己的日子”。 shared分享；remembered记得；enjoyed享受；recorded记录。根据“make this day yours”以及“my own day”可知，作者按照妈妈说的做了，享受了自己的日子，故选C。 (18)题详解： 句意：这是一个平静但令人满意的一天。 hopeful充满希望的；painful痛苦的；stressful有压力的；peaceful平静的。根据“Then I picked up a book and lost myself in it, with music on.”可知，作者度过了一个平静但令人满意的一天，故选D。 (19)题详解： 句意：我意识到我已经完全长大了——从幼儿园时在生日那天和全班同学分享巧克力的孩子，到现在可以自己庆祝生日的人。 understand理解；celebrate庆祝；accept接受；discuss讨论。根据“on my birthday to someone who could now … it with myself”可知，此处指可以自己庆祝生日，故选B。 (20)题详解： 句意：她的声音充满了对我生命到来的感激和喜悦。 thanks感谢；regrets遗憾；messages信息；excuses借口。根据“You came into our lives this day”可知，母亲对于作者的出生充满了感激和喜悦，故选A。 (21)题详解： 句意：这确实是生日庆祝的真正意义——生命本身的宝贵礼物。 sign标志；art艺术；meaning意义；symbol象征。根据“the valuable gift of life itself.”可知，此处指生日庆祝的真正意义，故选C。 (22)题详解： 句意：我度过了一个没有派对的生日。 at在；for为了；except除了；without没有。根据“Then I picked up a book and lost myself in it, with music on”可知，作者度过了一个没有派对的生日，故选D。 Cloze 2（2024·天津市·中考真题） Some artists are often not famous during their lifetime. Vincent van Gogh (梵高) was such an artist. People did not pay much attention to his ____36____. He began to think he was not a very good painter. But he did not give up painting. He was so ____37____ in what he was painting that he did not want to stop. He would even ____38____ to eat! ____39____, his paintings were dark. He used pencils or charcoal sticks (炭条) to make them. Then he ____40____ colour. He used lots of brown and dark green. Later, Vincent moved to France. He wanted to learn from the artists who ____41____ there. They were trying new ____42____ of painting. In France, Vincent began using bright colours. He used oil paints (油画颜料) to create his art. He painted both the countryside and people. He ____43____ painted self-portraits (自画像). He created more than 20 portraits of himself! Vincent completed more than 2,000 paintings in his life. ____44____ people did not buy his paintings during his lifetime, his paintings sell for a lot of money today. People think his paintings are masterpieces (杰作). For example, the painting Sunflowers is very ____45____ all over the world. 36. A. trips          B. paintings C. villages      D. music 37. A. wrong        B. lucky C. interested      D. tired 38. A. forget      B. start C. hope      D. agree 39. A. At last      B. Once again   C. At least      D. At first 40. A. helped      B. added  C. missed      D. guessed 41. A. worked      B. sang C. danced      D. cooked 42. A. facts      B. stories C. ways      D. reports 43. A. never      B. hardly  C. perhaps      D. also 44. A. Before      B. Though C. If        D. When 45. A. humorous     B. polite  C. famous      D. quiet 【答案】36. B    37. C    38. A    39. D    40. B    41. A    42. C    43. D    44. B    45. C 【解析】本文主要介绍世界著名的画家梵高。 36．句意：人们不太注意他的画。 trips旅行；paintings绘画；villages乡村；music音乐。根据“He began to think he was not a very good painter. But he did not give up painting.”可知，此处谈论绘画，故选B。 37．句意：他对自己正在画的东西很感兴趣，不想停下来。 wrong错误的；lucky幸运的；interested感兴趣的；tired劳累的。根据“He was so...in what he was painting that he did not want to stop.”可知，他对自己正在画的东西很感兴趣，此处是be interested in“对……感兴趣”，故选C。     38．句意：他甚至会忘记吃饭！ forget忘记；start开始；hope希望；agree同意。根据“He would even...to eat!”可知，他甚至会忘记吃饭，故选A。 39．句意：起初，他的画是黑色的。 At last最后；Once again再一次；At least至少；At first首先。根据“..., his paintings were dark.”可知，起初他的画是黑色的，故选D。 40．句意：然后他又加上了颜色。 helped帮助；added添加；missed错过；guessed猜。根据“Then he...colour. He used lots of brown and dark green.”可知，他又加上了颜色，故选B。 41．句意：他想向在那里工作的艺术家学习。 worked工作；sang唱歌；danced跳舞；cooked做饭。根据“He wanted to learn from the artists who...there.”可知，他想向在那里工作的艺术家学习，故选A。 42．句意：他们在尝试新的绘画方法。 facts事实；stories故事；ways方法；reports报道。根据“They were trying new...of painting.”可知，他们在尝试新的绘画方法。故选C。 43．句意：他还画了自画像。 never从不；hardly几乎不；perhaps也许；also也。根据“He painted both the countryside and people. He...painted self-portraits (自画像).”可知，他既画乡村，也画人物，还画了自画像。故选D。 44．句意：虽然人们在他生前没有买他的画，但他的画今天卖了很多钱。 Before在之前；Though虽然；If如果；When当……时。前后两句构成让步关系，用Though引导让步状语从句，故选B。 45．句意：例如，《向日葵》这幅画在全世界都很有名。     humorous幽默的；polite礼貌的；famous著名的；quiet安静的。根据“the painting Sunflowers is very...all over the world”可知，《向日葵》这幅画在全世界都很有名，故选C。 二、信息还原（2024·江苏常州市·中考真题） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的六个选项中选出四个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “Sunrise gold” is a color that means a lot to me. The color mixes gold with a bit of red and yellow. I like it because it gives me peace, energy and hope in the face of difficulty. When I was in the eighth grade, I took part in a speech competition. Although I made all my efforts, I didn’t win. ____37____ I had trouble falling asleep that night. It was 3:30 in the morning, and there was nothing but me and my unhappy heart. I got up and went upstairs to the roof (屋顶) top to clear my mind. ____38____ At first, it was orange and red, but after a short while, the sun awoke from its sleep and painted the sky with its gold colour. The sunlight shone on everything—trees, roofs and streets. ____39____ The rays of light woke up the gentle morning wind and sent it moving across the field, touching my face and everything gently. It also woke up the early birds, which were singing happily. There and then I realized that past is history, no matter how much we regret it. I thought to myself, “Maybe I can start once more, just like the dawn(黎明).” ____40____ Now, whenever I face difficulties, I remember what the “sunrise gold” made me understand that morning. A. So I never doubted I could deal with it. B. I tried to remember all of what I heard. C. The failure hit me hard and made me feel painful. D. I went downstairs, feeling energetic and hopeful. E. I stayed there until a ray of light appeared in the sky. F. I felt its warmth flow through my body and into my heart. 【答案】37. C    38. E    39. F    40. D 【解析】文章大意："Sunrise gold"对我而言意义非凡，它混合了金色、红色和黄色，给我带来平静、能量和希望。八年级时我参加了演讲比赛却未能获胜，这让我难以入睡，凌晨3：30我上到屋顶去清醒思绪。最初天空是橘红色，不久后太阳唤醒了金色的天空，阳光照耀万物。那一刻我意识到，无论我们多么后悔，过去已成为历史。也许我可以像黎明一样重新开始。现在每当我遇到困难，我都会想起那天早上"日出金"让我明白的道理。 （37）细节推理题。根据上文Although I made all my efforts，I didn't win.（尽管我尽最大努力，但我没有赢。）和下文I had trouble falling asleep that night.（那天晚上我无法入睡。）可知此处介绍这次失败对作者的影响。C选项"这次失败狠狠地打击了我，我感觉很痛苦。"符合题意。故选C。 （38）细节推理题。根据上文I got up and went upstairs to the roof（屋顶） top to clear my mind.（我走上屋顶去清醒思绪。）和下文At first，it was orange and red，but after a short while，the sun awoke from its sleep and painted the sky with its gold colour.（起初，天空是橙红色的，但过了一会儿，太阳从睡梦中醒来，给天空涂上了金色。）可知此处介绍作者一直待在屋顶到太阳出来。E选项"我一直待在那里，直到天空中出现了一缕曙光。"符合题意。故选E。 （39）细节推理题。根据上文The sunlight shone on everything — trees，roofs and streets.（阳光照耀着一切--树木、屋顶和街道。）可知此处介绍作者被阳光照耀的感受。F选项"我感到它的温暖流过我的身体，流进我的心里。"符合题意。故选F。 （40）细节推理题。根据上文There and then I realized that past is history，no matter how much we regret it.I thought to myself， "Maybe I can start once more，just like the dawn（黎明）."（此时此刻，我才明白，无论我们多么后悔，过去都已成为历史。我心想，"也许我可以重新开始，就像黎明一样"。）可知此处介绍作者心态的变化。D选项"我下了楼，感觉充满活力和希望。"符合题意。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 15 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$