高考非限定性定语从句 课件-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

非限定性定语从句 虾米 非限定性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明或提供额外信息的定语从句，与主句之间的关系较为松散。它通常用逗号与主句隔开，即使去掉从句，主句的意思仍然完整 基本结构为 “先行词 + 逗号 + 关系词 + 从句” 什么是非限定性定语从句？ 如 “My father, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital.” 中，“My father” 是先行词，“who is a doctor” 是非限定性定语从句 引导词及用法 who：用于指代人，在从句中作主语。如 “Tom, who is my best friend, likes playing basketball.” whom：指代人，在从句中作宾语。如 “Mr. Lee, whom we all respect, is a great teacher.” which：用于指代物，在从句中可作主语或宾语。如 “The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.” whose：既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作定语，表示所属关系。如 “Mary, whose mother is a nurse, is my classmate.” when：指代时间，在从句中作时间状语。如 “I will never forget the day, when we met for the first time.” where：指代地点，在从句中作地点状语。如 “This is the city, where I lived ten years ago.” as：可指代人或物，引导非限定性定语从句时，常表达 “正如、就像” 等含义，且位置较为灵活。如 “As we all know, he is a very hardworking student.” 在句子中的作用 补充说明先行词：对先行词的特征、身份、状态等进行额外的描述，使表达更加丰富、具体。 如 “Our school, which has a long history, is very famous.” 提供背景信息：为整个句子提供相关的背景情况，帮助读者更好地理解句子的含义。 如 “John, who has lived in China for many years, can speak Chinese fluently.” 增加句子的逻辑性和连贯性：通过非限定性定语从句，可以将两个相关的信息连接起来，使句子的逻辑更加清晰。 如 “The weather was fine, which made us very happy.” 非限定性定语从句的使用受多种规则和语境的影响 规则方面 关系词的使用规则：关系词在非限定性定语从句中有特定的使用规则， 如关系代词 “which” 不能用 “that” 替代；“who” 用于指人，作主语，“whom” 指人作宾语；“whose” 表示所属关系，可指人或物； “when” 指时间，“where” 指地点，“as” 有 “正如” 之意且位置灵活。例如：“The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.” 不能写成 “The book, that I bought yesterday, is very interesting.” 逗号的使用规则：非限定性定语从句与主句之间必须用逗号隔开，这是其重要的形式标志。例如：“My mother, who is a nurse, works in a hospital.” 主谓一致规则：从句中的谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。例如：“The students, who are from different cities, get along well with each other.” 语境方面 补充说明语境：当需要对先行词进行补充说明，且补充的信息不是限定先行词的必要条件时，使用非限定性定语从句。例如：“The Great Wall, which is one of the wonders of the world, attracts many tourists every year.” 提供额外信息语境：在想要提供一些与先行词相关的额外信息，使表达更加丰富、具体时，会用到非限定性定语从句。例如：“My friend Tom, who has a great sense of humor, always makes us laugh.” 表达逻辑关系语境：非限定性定语从句可用于表达多种逻辑关系，如因果、让步、对比等。例如：“He failed the exam, which made his parents very disappointed.”（因果关系）；“The weather was bad, as we expected, but we still had a great time.”（让步关系）。 引用或强调语境：在引用他人观点或强调某个事实时，常用 “as” 引导非限定性定语从句。例如：“As the saying goes, ‘Where there is a will, there is a way.’”；“As we all know, he is a very hardworking student.” 与限定性定语从句的区别 形式上：限定性定语从句与主句紧密相连，中间不用逗号隔开； 而非限定性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开。 语义上：限定性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，是句子不可或缺的部分，去掉后会影响句子核心意义； 非限定性定语从句只是补充信息，去掉后不影响主句核心意思。 引导词使用上：that 一般不用于引导非限定性定语从句，而在限定性定语从句中使用频繁。 相同点 功能上： 两者都属于定语从句，在句子中都起到修饰先行词的作用，用于提供关于先行词的更多信息。 引导词的部分使用： 都可以用关系代词 who、whom、which、whose 和关系副词 when、where 来引导。 不同点 形式上： 限定性定语从句：与主句紧密相连，中间不用逗号隔开。例如：“The boy who is standing there is my brother.” 非限定性定语从句：与主句之间用逗号隔开。例如：“My father, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital.” 语义上： 限定性定语从句：对先行词起限定作用，是句子不可或缺的部分，去掉后会影响句子核心意义。如 “I like the books which are interesting.” 去掉从句后，“I like the books” 表意不明确，不知道具体喜欢哪些书。 非限定性定语从句：只是对先行词进行补充说明，去掉后不影响主句核心意思。如 “My house, which I bought last year, is very big.” 去掉从句后，“My house is very big” 核心意思仍然完整。 不同点 引导词使用上： 限定性定语从句：可以用 that 引导，例如：“The movie that we saw last night was really exciting.” 非限定性定语从句：不能用 that 引导。 先行词的范围： 限定性定语从句：先行词通常是一个名词或代词。 非限定性定语从句：先行词可以是一个名词、代词，也可以是整个句子或句子的一部分。例如：“He was late for school again, which made his teacher very angry.” 中，which 指代的是 “He was late for school again” 整个句子。 翻译方法： 限定性定语从句： 通常翻译为先行词的前置定语， 如 “我喜欢有趣的书”。 非限定性定语从句： 一般翻译为一个独立的句子，与主句分开表述， 如 “我的房子，我去年买的，非常大”。 关系代词引导的非限定性定语从句 which 引导： The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting. （这本书，我上周买的，非常有趣。） He failed the exam, which made his parents very disappointed. （他考试不及格，这让他的父母非常失望。） whose 引导： The boy, whose father is a doctor, is very clever. （这个男孩，他的父亲是一名医生，非常聪明。） I live in a house, whose windows face the sea. （我住在一所房子里，它的窗户面向大海。） 关系代词引导的非限定性定语从句 who 引导： My teacher, who is very kind, always helps me with my study. （我的老师，他非常善良，总是帮助我学习。） Tom, who is my best friend, will come to see me tomorrow. （汤姆，我最好的朋友，明天会来看我。） whom 引导： The man, whom I met at the party, is a famous singer. （那个男人，我在聚会上遇见的，是一位著名的歌手。） She introduced me to her brother, whom I hadn't seen before. （她把我介绍给她的哥哥，我以前没见过他。） 关系副词引导的非限定性定语从句 when 引导： I will never forget the day, when we met for the first time.（我永远不会忘记那一天，我们第一次见面的那一天。） Last summer, when I was in Beijing, I visited the Great Wall.（去年夏天，当我在北京的时候，我参观了长城。） where 引导： This is the city, where I was born.（这就是那座城市，我出生的地方。） The park, where we often take a walk, is very beautiful.（这个公园，我们经常在那里散步，非常美丽。） as 引导： As we all know, he is a very hardworking student.（众所周知，他是一个非常勤奋的学生。） She is late again, as is often the case.（她又迟到了，这是常有的事。） 选择题 My friend, ______ lives in Paris, is a famous artist. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 2.The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is very interesting. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 3.This is the house, ______ the window faces south. A. of which B. which C. of it D. whose 4.I have a classmate, ______ father is a scientist. A. which B. whose C. that D. who 5.The old man, ______ we visited yesterday, is a famous writer. A. which B. what C. where D. whom A B A B D 填空题 Mr Smith, _______native language is English, can speak Chinese fluently. 2.We will be shown around the city, schools and some other places, ______ other visitors seldom go. 3.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of ______ are sold abroad. whose whose where 单句写作题 上周我通过了考试，那是很重要的考试。 汤姆卖掉了他的房子，这（件事）使他的父亲很生气。 教授有两个儿子，他们都在同一所大学读书。 Last week I passed the examination, which was very important. 解析：用 which 引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子 “Last week I passed the examination”，在从句中作主语。 Tom sold his house, which made his father very angry. 解析：which 引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面 “Tom sold his house” 这件事，在从句中作主语。 The professor has two sons, both of whom are studying in the same university. 解析：先行词是 “two sons”，“both of whom” 表示 “两者都”，在从句中作主语，用 whom 引导非限定性定语从句。 $$