专题06 阅读理解推理判断题 -2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

专题02 阅读理解推理判断题 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 题型01 细节推断题 3 题型02 因果推断题 5 题型03 态度及观点判断题 6 题型04 猜测及想象推理题 7 题型05 写作意图推理题 8 高考练场 10 变式演练 18 · 题型简介 · 推理判断题是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型，着重考查考生在理解文章字面意思的基础上，对文章深层含义的推理和判断能力。它要求考生依据文章提供的信息，通过逻辑推理、归纳总结、分析判断等思维过程，得出文章隐含的意义、作者的意图、观点态度等内容。这种题型难度相对较高，因为答案不能直接从原文中获取，需要考生具备较强的综合理解能力。 · 文章题材广泛，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都可能涉及推理判断题。考生需要在理解文章主题、结构、细节等多方面内容的基础上进行推断。 · 命题类型 · 推断隐含意义：这类题目要求考生从文章的字里行间推断出没有明确表述的深层含义。例如，通过对人物的语言、行为和所处环境的描写，推断出人物的性格特征或潜在情感；或者根据事件的发展，推测事件可能带来的潜在影响。通常提问方式有 “What can be inferred from the passage about...?”“The passage implies that...” · 推断作者意图：主要是判断作者写这篇文章的目的，是为了提供信息（inform）、进行娱乐（entertain）、表达观点（express opinions）、发出呼吁（appeal）还是其他意图。例如，在一篇关于环保问题的文章中，作者可能是在呼吁人们关注环境，减少污染。提问方式如 “What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?”“The author's intention is to...” · 推断观点态度：要求考生领会作者或文中人物对某一事物的看法或态度，这种态度可能是积极的（positive）、消极的（negative）、中立的（neutral）、怀疑的（skeptical）等。例如，通过分析作者在描述某个新科技产品时所使用的词汇，如 “remarkable”“ground - breaking” 可能表示作者持积极态度；而 “problematic”“controversial” 可能暗示消极或质疑的态度。提问方式有 “What's the author's attitude towards...?”“The tone of the passage can be described as...” · 预测文章后续内容或事件发展趋势：根据文章已有的内容和情节发展，猜测接下来可能发生的事情或者文章下一部分可能讨论的主题。比如，在一个故事的情节发展到主人公面临一个艰难的抉择时，题目可能会问 “What's likely to happen next according to the passage?” · 解题思路 · 立足原文内容：推理判断必须以文章内容为依据，不能脱离原文进行主观臆断。仔细阅读文章，理解文章的主题、结构和细节信息，找出与题目相关的关键部分。 · 寻找线索和暗示：关注文章中的关键词、连接词、修辞手法等，这些可能是推理的重要线索。例如，“however”“therefore” 等连接词可以帮助我们理解作者的思路和观点变化；比喻、象征等修辞手法可能暗示作者的情感倾向。 · 分析逻辑关系：考虑文章中的因果、对比、类比等逻辑关系。如果文章提到某种现象是由某个原因引起的，那么在推理时可以依据这个因果关系进行推断；如果是对比不同事物的特点，就可以从对比中得出对这些事物的评价。 · 排除干扰选项：对于不符合原文逻辑和信息的选项要果断排除。有些选项可能本身内容正确，但与题目要求的推理判断无关；有些选项可能是过度推断，超出了原文所提供的范围。 · 命题方式 【常见考法】推理题经常使用的提问方式有： It can be inferred/ concluded that _________. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed? The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that _________. The writer suggests that _________. What’s the author’s attitude toward _________? The writer probably feels that _________. The author uses the examples of... to show that _________. 除此之外，还要注意几个误区： ①原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。 ②文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论。 ③与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论。 ④不合常理或不合逻辑的推论。 ⑤虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。 题型01 细节推断题 要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。 （2025年浦东新区一模） It was hard to get information about what was going on across Asheville. Within hours, we lost power, Internet and even cell service. A neighbor told me we could get information on the radio, so I sat in my car to listen to the local radio station’s updates. That’s how I learned that the water wasn’t safe to drink. The treatment plant was under eight feet of water and the distribution pipes had washed away. 38. What can be inferred from paragragh 5? A. Timely access to information is important during a disaster. B. The treatment plant is supposed to be built deep underwater. C. People must depend on neighbors for survival in a disaster. D. Protecting water resources promotes a sense of community. 题型02 因果推断题 要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。它的首要呈现方法如下: 1.阶段(含首段)榜首句假如表达一种因果联系，一般为考点。 2.文章中细节性的因果联系---一般由一些表明因果联系的词汇手法表达。 (1)表明因果联系的名词：basis (依据), result, consequence, reason; (2)表明因果联系的动词：result in (结果), result from (因为，由……), follow from (……结果), base…on… (以……为根底), be due to (因为); (3)表明因果联系的连词或介词：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, thus, why, with; (4)表明因果联系的副词：as a result, consequently等。 （2025年徐汇一模） ...... Keller’s research adds a significant piece to the still-incomplete puzzle of shark biology. Sharks have been declining at an alarming rate due to mostly overfishing and habitat change. Studying the life cycles and migration patterns of sharks can help us understand what arcas to protect when managing marine spaces. 45. From the passage, we can infer that Keller’s research is significant because it ________. A. provides a new method for capturing sharks. B. supports the idea that sharks’ migration patterns are random. C. adds crucial information to our understanding of shark biology. D. suggests that sharks should be protected from overfishing. （2025年虹口一模） ......... Despite high rates of innumeracy (数学盲), there are reasons to think that people may not disengage when they receive numbers. First, multiple past studies show that people often prefer getting numerical details over vague description or purely verbal communication. People also trust messages provided by medical professionals or journalists more when that communication includes numbers than when it does not. The use of specific numbers signals expertise to readers. ........ So whether you’re an environmentalist seeking to communicate more effectively over social media or looking for strategies to persuade family over the dinner table, there are a few lessons here. Find the key numerical data and share that. Think strategically about data presentation. When talking about climate change, include some proposed action. Given that past work suggests that sharing numbers builds trust, your readers or listeners may be more likely to follow your recommendations. When used wisely, numbers can help transform anxiety into action, which could help turn the tide in our fight against climate change. 43. According to the passage, what can numbers do when they are used to illustrate climate change? A. They can arouse people’s anxiety about math. B. They leave the audience even more confused. C. They help make the message more credible. D. They don’t really change how people feel. 45. According to the passage, which of the following is an effective climate message? A. Sea level rise: a ticking time bomb for coastal cities! B. Cycle 5 miles daily, save 50% on carbon emissions! C. 50% of species lost: a warning from climate change! D. Plant more trees today, enjoy fresher air tomorrow! 题型03 态度及观点判断题 高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想，被描写人物语气，言谈话语中流露的情绪，性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度，观点等方面的理解题。 （2025年闵行一模） ........ In September 2020, Park launched GreenThread — her sustainable fashion dream came true. The store's special touch? It sold upcycled clothing and fabric made from waste materials. Customers could bring in their old clothes and trade them for store credit, giving the items a second life. GreenThread's clothes were a mix of repurposed fabrics and eco-friendly dyes, proving that sustainable fashion can be stylish. ....... When the pandemic（疫情） hit, it wasn't smooth sailing. But Park wasn't ready to call it quits. She switched to an online model and started offering virtual style consultations. The response was awesome, and GreenThread's fan base grew as more people realized the benefits of shopping sustainably. ....... 38. Which of the following best describes Park's attitude towards her business? A. Optimistic and practical. B. Carefree and relaxed. C. Focused and cautious. D. Creative and determined. 题型04 猜测想象推理题 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理和想象，一般难度较大。做这类题目应把握作者的写作思路和文章的篇章结构等，从而作出比较科学的预测。 这类题目常见的设问形式有： What do you think will happen when/if ________? At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write ________. The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about ________. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph? （2025年徐汇一模） Caroline Robbins knew that the first day of school was very, very important. Why? Because that was the day when you chose where you would sit for the entire year. Caroline realized that in some classes this choice would be made for her. The teacher would place students in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaning she would have to sit in front of Zach Rodgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback. In her other classes, though, Caroline would be sure to choose just the right seat. Caroline liked to think of herself as one of the cool kids, but she also did well in school and liked learning. So, Caroline wanted to sit close to the cool kids, but not too close, or she would be more interested in talking than paying attention. She also knew that it was good to be friends with the smart kids, because they could help Caroline with her schoolwork. However, she didn’t want to sit too close to the smart kids. Unfortunately, at Caroline’s school, the smart kids and the cool kids were not the same kids. ....... 37. What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. Caroline was often seen as a cool kid, not a smart kid. B. Caroline wanted to be the only smart kid in her school. C. If Caroline was seen as a smart kid, no one would think she was cool. D. Caroline’s school was unusual in that smart kids were also cool. 题型05 写作意图推测题 此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，在复杂的语境条件下把握作者的思路，推测作者隐藏的思想及真正的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。此类题属于得分率较低的高难度题。 写作意图推测题的常见设问方式有： For what purpose did the author write the passage? The writer writes this passage in order to _________. The purpose of the text is to _________. What is the purpose of the last part of the text? The writer uses…in the first paragraph to ________. The writer uses the example of….to _________. （2025年杨浦一模） Neurodiversity is a term that refers to the natural range of differences in people’s brains. The neurodiversity movement says that the brains that wander from the average within that range shouldn’t be dismissed as insufficient automatically. The term dates back to the autism (自闭症) community in the 1990s, though it’s now applied to all sorts of mental differences. In the past, “autism was widely seen as an individual medical tragedy,” says Robert Chapman, a neurodivergent (脑功能异于常人的) philosopher with autism, “The only hope for autistic people and our families, it was thought, was that we would one day be fixed through behavioral or biomedical intervention.” .......... Crucially, the neurodiversity movement allows neurodivergent people to transform their thinking about themselves. “The dominant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me somehow tragic, broken, and in need of fixing” Chapman writes in his 2023 book. “This was why I found discovering neurodiversity movement, which offered a different analysis, so liberating.” 46. The main purpose of the article is to ______. A. introduce the effective treatment methods for autism B. explain the history and significance of the neurodiversity movement C. argue for the necessity of promoting the neurodiversity movement D. criticize the wrong focus of research in understanding autism (A) (上海市实验学校2024学年度第一学期高三英语月考) The word “brainstorming” depicts a vision of hell. It is someone saying, “Fire up the brainwaves barbecue.” It is trying desperately to work out where everyone else’s cursors (光标) have gone on a digital whiteboard. Yet brainstorming persists, and for decent reasons. Getting a group of people together is an opportunity to exploit different viewpoints. So why is brainstorming often so painful? The problem is that brainstorming must strike a balance between a series of competing necessities. One tension is between creativity and feasibility. A brainstorm is meant to be freeing, a chance to ask out-of-the-box questions. But it is also meant to produce suggestions that can actually be translated into reality, which calls for a more down-to-earth style of thinking. A second tension is between managers and nonmanagers. By its nature brainstorming is insiderish. Someone has to arrange the session, and that person is often the manager of a team. If decision-makers are not in the room, then the suspicion will grow that time is being wasted. If they are, then hierarchies (等级制度) easily become the spotlight: good ideas can shrink with a frown from the boss, and bad ones can survive with a nod. A related issue concerns the presence of outsiders. There is a natural temptation to keep drawing on the same senior people within an organization to generate ideas: these are the ones who get things done, who understand a company’s strategy. Yet researches suggest that outsiders bring a fresh perspective. That might be people from related industries. It might also be middle managers or frontline employees who have direct contact with customers. A third balance to strike is between different personalities and different styles of thinking. A new paper from researchers at Stanford Graduate School of Business finds that brainstorming on Zoom comes at a cost to creativity: as people’s visual focus narrows on the screen in front of them, their cognitive range also seems to become more limited. But if in-person gatherings are better, they also do not work equally well for everyone. Some personalities are immediately comfortable saying what they think; others need to be persuaded to share their opinions. These are known problems, and there are plenty of ideas out there to solve them. “Figure-storming” is a way for people to combat group-think by pretending to be an influential person trying to address the problems. Some simpler rules are much more likely to help. Define the limits of a brainstorming session upfront. Try to make a specific thing work better rather than to shoot for the Moon. Involve people you don’t know, as well as those you do. Start by getting people to write their ideas down in silence, so extroverts and bosses have less chance to dominate. And be clear about the next steps after the session is over; the attraction of holding a “design sprint (冲刺)”, a weeklong, clear-the-diary way for a team to develop and test product prototypes, is that the thread connecting ideas to outcomes is tight. All of them would make brainstorming a little more thought-provoking and less heart-sinking. 43. By saying “The word ‘brainstorming’ depicts a vision of hell”, the author probably means ________. A. the brainwaves barbecue can be misleading B. it’s hard to figure out others’ perspectives C. brainstorming triggers hatred among people D. bosses exploit staff’s brainpower mercilessly 44. “________” qualifies as an out-of-the-box question. A. What are you talking about? We work at a salad chain. B. Is there any point in inviting outsiders to brainstorming? C. How would the British queen improve on cloud computing? D. Wouldn’t it be great if people had artificial tails when diving? 45. What can be inferred from the study by Stanford Graduate School of Business? A. Online conferences hold the participants’ attention better than in-person gatherings. B. People’s cognitive range seems to limit their visual focus to the screen at online meetings. C. Fruitful brainstorming involves taking different personalities and thinking modes into account. D. In-person gatherings liberate brainstorming participants’ creativity despite various personalities. 46. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Various solutions to the problems with brainstorming. B. How “figure-storming” contributes to brainstorming. C. Reasons why brainstorming sessions are painful. D. Thought-provoking versus heart-sinking. (B) (上海市市西中学2024--2025学年第一学期期中考试) A few weeks ago, a well-meaning professor tried to explain the physiological process behind viruses and the human body in a tweet and was immediately criticized for a mistake in his information. He then issued an apology and deleted his erroneous tweet. Communicating science beyond the academic bubble is necessary to augmenting (增加) public understanding of health and environmental issues and helping individuals make well-informed personal decisions. However, scientists who engage in science communication must acknowledge that even in their area, their expertise is deep but narrow. They need to recognize the constraints in their own knowledge. That is not to suggest that they only write or present on their own research, but rather, that they consult with an expert if the topic is outside of their discipline. Fact-checking with a scientist who works in the specialty will prevent the unintentional spread of misinformation, and the process of doing so may yield tiny pieces of interesting new information that can be incorporated. Some have argued that the public is not educated enough to understand scientific information, especially for any complex phenomena, but this is absurd. Science instruction can be found at all levels of public education with most secondary schools offering classes on biology, physics, and chemistry. If anything, social media has shown that the public craves knowledge based on a solid scientific foundation. Even the public discourse (话语) that follows most scientific articles shows that online readers can understand even the most puzzling of scientific principles. It is equally necessary to emphasize that being an expert on a topic does not automatically make a scholar qualified to communicate it to a nonscientific audience. A number of scientists recently have been offering public-aimed explanations of scientific phenomena. Even though they have appropriate credentials, they often do very little in the way of explaining. One biologist shared a complex analogy(类比)involving a library, books, paper, a recipe, ingredients, and a cake to explain the process behind vaccines. Any explanation that requires a written key to keep track of what each item represents is not a clear example for public consumption. Science communication is a science in and of itself. It requires rigorous training and instruction. A scientist should take communication courses that can teach a person how to identify and eliminate jargon (术语) and how to develop effective analogies to explain complex concepts. One cannot assume communication expertise-imagine if someone just decided that they were a physicist and started trying to contribute to the field without the necessary background. Doing a poor job communicating science to the public will only create confusion and widen the gap between science and society, a gap that scientists are trying to close. 43. What does the author advise scientists do to deal with topics outside of their specialty? A. Write or present on them from new angles. B. Utilize information from diverse sources. C. Turn to a specialist for professional help. D. Fact-check with colleagues in-their field. 44. What can be learned from Paragraph 4? A. A solid academic foundation is essential to understanding puzzling scientific principles. B. Modern technology has facilitated communication between scientists and the public. C. Scientific articles have gained increasing popularity among the general public. D. The public’s understanding of science is much better than some have claimed. 45. What does the example of the biologist who shared an intricate analogy show? A. It is helpful to use illustrations in explaining scientific phenomena. B. It is imperative to have appropriate titles to explain scientific issues. C. A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator. D. A nonscientific audience cannot correctly understand principles of science. 46. What does the author suggest scientists do to close the gap between science and society? A. Develop communication skills. B. Make appropriate use of scientific terms. C. Take courses in public speaking. D. Explain complex concepts scientifically. （2025年青浦一模） My doctor took me for a walk around the farm where she lived. I was physically and emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression. The place was full of life. There were insects, horses, rabbits, and a cat. She told me to focus on my body in the environment. When I was ill, I tended to withdraw into my mind and disconnect from the here and now. So, when I met a horse named Fira, I expected nothing. As I got closer to Fira, she rubbed her nose into my chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart. Something happened inside me: I felt as if I had reached a wellspring of past hurts, fears and failings. I began to melt emotionally. I patted Fira’s nose and breathed in her smell. I found I didn’t have to concentrate on feeling better; Fira helped me feel loved and safe. I worked with Fira often, learning basic communication and leading methods to work together with her. Initially, I wasn’t sure exactly what one would do with a horse except riding it. But I knew that Fira had touched me in an uncommon way and had made me feel better. She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way. In my meetings with Fira, I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place. I learned to forget the past, with all its hurt. I learned to forget the future, which hasn’t happened yet. With Fira by my side, I saw into a life in which trust comes first, and compassion follows. I found a deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right. I felt an inner quiet and even joy. My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very dark night in my soul. 36. Why did the writer expect nothing when meeting Fira? A. Because Fira’s reaction led the writer to feel hurt and fearful. B. Because the writer’s mentality kept her from connecting with others. C. Because the writer knew nothing about Fira and didn’t know what to expect. D. Because the animals on the farm distracted the writer from focusing on her body. 37. Which of the following statements about Fira is TRUE? A. Fira was the writer’s pet, living on her farm. B. Fira made the writer feel better by giving her rides. C. Fira got the writer to concentrate on her hurt feelings. D. Fira responded affectionately to the writer’s approach. 38. In the last paragraph, the writer shares her experience with Fira to imply that _______. A. animals can follow people’s instructions, thus gaining their trust B. interacting with animals can be a therapy to psychological distress C. meetings with animals can help people step out of their comfort zone D. people can access temporary peace and joy when working with animals 39. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. My Doctor’s Farm: A Place of Healing B. Fira: The Horse that Saved My Life C. From Darkness to Light: My Journey with Fira D. Horse Smell: The Magic Power （2025年崇明一模） The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States for outstanding achievement in journalism as well as books, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categories including online journalism, newspaper reporting, fiction, history, music, drama, poetry, photography and more. Recipients can be a news organization, an individual or a group of people. Each of the first 21 winners receives a $15,000 cash prize and a certificate. The twenty-second prize, however, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given to a news agency. Instead of cash, the news organization receives the Pulitzer Gold Medal. The name of the year’s winner is on one side of the coin and the year is on the other. All winners are honored and awarded their prizes at an annual lunch party. The event takes place at Columbia University, which was originally tasked with administering the award, and usually occurs in May. If it hadn’t been for a Hungarian-American named Joseph Pulitzer, the awards would never have come into existence. Pulitzer was born into a wealthy family in Hungary in 1847. He made his way to America and built a career in journalism. He developed a reputation as an ambitious and energetic young journalist. By 1872 Pulitzer had become a publisher, and six years later he owned a newspaper company. In 1883 he purchased yet another newspaper. He became known as someone who was not afraid to take a public stand against corruption (腐败). After a successful career in journalism, seven years before his death, Pulitzer wrote a will, leaving $2,000,000 to Columbia University. The money was to establish a school of journalism at Columbia and a set of awards. Pulitzer’s desire was to raise the standards of journalism. He hoped the prize would act as a stimulus for journalists to work for excellence — then and into the future. Faithfully following Pulitzer’s instructions, Columbia University awarded the very first Pulitzer Prizes in 1917. Today these awards are considered some of the most distinguished prizes in America. 36. What can be known about the Pulitzers? A.Their recipients all get cash prizes. B. There are 21 winners each year. C. They are awarded worldwide. D. They go beyond journalism. 37. It can be inferred from the passage that Joseph Pulitzer _____. A. was humorous and courageous B. was raised up in a journalist’s family C. had a strong sense of justice D. sought a goal of producing wealth 38. Pulitzer established the prizes mainly to _____. A. facilitate better journalism B. diversify ways of access to journalism C. support Columbia University D. stimulate people to become journalists 39. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Pulitzer Prizes: Joseph Pulitzer’s Lifetime Ambition B. Pulitzer Prizes: Some of America’s Greatest Honors C. Pulitzer Prizes: Awards for Distinguished Journalists D. Pulitzer Prizes: Annual Events at Columbia University （2025年宝山一模） If you love beautiful scenery, then head for the national parks and monuments of Utah. Begin your trip in Arches National Park. Depicted (描绘) as a wonderland, Arches has more than 2,000 natural stone arches, the world's largest concentration. If you'd like a challenge, try the Fiery Furnace hike. You must go with a park guide as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宫), with narrow rocks above drop-offs along with gaps to pull yourself up and through. Not far from Arches lies Canyon lands National Park. The most accessible area of the park is the Island in the Sky, a huge mesa (台地). Take the drive around the edge to get an amazing view of the surrounding area. From Grand View Point, you can take an easy two-mile hike that follows the edge of the mesa. It crosses a narrow point of land arriving at one of the most beautiful viewpoints in the world. Farther to the north is Dinosaur National Monument. Your first stop here should be the Quarry Exhibit Hall, where you can see a natural stone wall containing about 1,500 bones from dinosaurs that once walked in this region. After that, hike one of the park's many trails. Along some of them, you can see petroglyphs (岩画).These are designs and images that were carved into the stone walls by the Freemont people, who lived in this area from around 200 A.D. to 1300 A.D. If you wish to camp, stay overnight in the Split Mountain campground. During the evening, attend one of the night sky programs that are held after dark in the camping area. As you gaze up at the heavens, an expert will point out and discuss fascinating objects in the night sky. 36. What does the article imply about the Fiery Furnace hike? A. It leads to one of Utah's highest summits. B. It requires very little effort to complete. C. It's often closed to protect animals. D. It has complicated bends and turns. 37. What does the expert probably discuss during the program in the camping area? A. All kinds of insect life B. Planets, moon and stars C. Native bushes and flowers D. Interesting species of birds 38. In which publication would you most likely find this article? A. Popular Crafts and Hobbies B. American Literary Magazine C. Today's Guide to Investing D. Outdoor Recreation Digest （2025年虹口一模） Take our latest quiz! ① You’ve just finished a book— do you know what you’ll read next? a)Yes! Perhaps a sequel, I want to spend more time in that world. b)A book that everyone’s talking about. c)No, but I love finding unexpected books. d)No. I like asking for my friends’ recommendations. ② Do you value other people’s opinions when deciding what to read? a)I don’t like listening to others—I know what I like b)I love to know what celebrities are reading! c)No. I just let the books do the talking! d)Yes! Friends know which books I’ll enjoy. ③ What do you most look forward to in a new book? a)To see what my favourite characters are doing in new situations. b)Talking about it with my friends. c)Discovering new voices and stories. d)Reading books as good as other ones I’ve loved. ④ Do you like reading lots of books by the same author? a)Yes, once I find an author I like, I’ll read everything they write! b)If they’re a popular author, then yes! c)No, I like to read books by different authors. d)I tend to read books by authors my friends suggest. ⑤ When you go to a bookshop, where do you head first? a)To see if there’s a new book in my favourite series. b)I head to the new releases and bestsellers. c)I like to walk around the whole shop to see what catches my eye. d)To look at the bookseller’s recommendations. Mostly As: you’ re a SERIES-HOPPER There’s no better feeling than reading something you love... and then discovering it’s part of a series! You’ re always guaranteed to have something new to look forward to, and a familiar world to revisit again. Mostly Bs: you’re a TREND-TRACKER You like to read the books that everyone is talking about. Your local bestseller will know better than anyone which books and authors are truly up-and-coming, so ask them for their top tips. Mostly Cs: you’re a RISK-TAKER ________ Mostly Ds: you’re a ADVICE-SEEKER You feel reassured when someone you trust recommends a book to you. If you want to expand your reading experiences, try getting those recommendation from lots of different places. 40. Which of the following best explains what a “sequel” is? A. A story or book that is about imaginary characters. B. A book that continues the story of a previous book. C. A book that conveys. relationships between multiple characters. D. A collection of stories written by fans of an original book series. 41. Which of the following description best fits the definition of a “risk-taker”? A. You’re happy to pick up something you’ve never heard of. B. You hope to find the new book of your favourite author. C. You’re willing to wander in the world of the classics. D. You only read those on top of the list of best sellers. 42. What can those who take this quiz learn from the results? A. Why they prefer reading to other activities. B. Which author is probably their favourite. C. Who they should turn to for reading tips. D. What their book-choosing style is. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解推理判断题 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 题型01 细节推断题 3 题型02 因果推断题 5 题型03 态度及观点判断题 6 题型04 猜测及想象推理题 7 题型05 写作意图推理题 8 高考练场 10 变式演练 18 · 题型简介 · 推理判断题是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型，着重考查考生在理解文章字面意思的基础上，对文章深层含义的推理和判断能力。它要求考生依据文章提供的信息，通过逻辑推理、归纳总结、分析判断等思维过程，得出文章隐含的意义、作者的意图、观点态度等内容。这种题型难度相对较高，因为答案不能直接从原文中获取，需要考生具备较强的综合理解能力。 · 文章题材广泛，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都可能涉及推理判断题。考生需要在理解文章主题、结构、细节等多方面内容的基础上进行推断。 · 命题类型 · 推断隐含意义：这类题目要求考生从文章的字里行间推断出没有明确表述的深层含义。例如，通过对人物的语言、行为和所处环境的描写，推断出人物的性格特征或潜在情感；或者根据事件的发展，推测事件可能带来的潜在影响。通常提问方式有 “What can be inferred from the passage about...?”“The passage implies that...” · 推断作者意图：主要是判断作者写这篇文章的目的，是为了提供信息（inform）、进行娱乐（entertain）、表达观点（express opinions）、发出呼吁（appeal）还是其他意图。例如，在一篇关于环保问题的文章中，作者可能是在呼吁人们关注环境，减少污染。提问方式如 “What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?”“The author's intention is to...” · 推断观点态度：要求考生领会作者或文中人物对某一事物的看法或态度，这种态度可能是积极的（positive）、消极的（negative）、中立的（neutral）、怀疑的（skeptical）等。例如，通过分析作者在描述某个新科技产品时所使用的词汇，如 “remarkable”“ground - breaking” 可能表示作者持积极态度；而 “problematic”“controversial” 可能暗示消极或质疑的态度。提问方式有 “What's the author's attitude towards...?”“The tone of the passage can be described as...” · 预测文章后续内容或事件发展趋势：根据文章已有的内容和情节发展，猜测接下来可能发生的事情或者文章下一部分可能讨论的主题。比如，在一个故事的情节发展到主人公面临一个艰难的抉择时，题目可能会问 “What's likely to happen next according to the passage?” · 解题思路 · 立足原文内容：推理判断必须以文章内容为依据，不能脱离原文进行主观臆断。仔细阅读文章，理解文章的主题、结构和细节信息，找出与题目相关的关键部分。 · 寻找线索和暗示：关注文章中的关键词、连接词、修辞手法等，这些可能是推理的重要线索。例如，“however”“therefore” 等连接词可以帮助我们理解作者的思路和观点变化；比喻、象征等修辞手法可能暗示作者的情感倾向。 · 分析逻辑关系：考虑文章中的因果、对比、类比等逻辑关系。如果文章提到某种现象是由某个原因引起的，那么在推理时可以依据这个因果关系进行推断；如果是对比不同事物的特点，就可以从对比中得出对这些事物的评价。 · 排除干扰选项：对于不符合原文逻辑和信息的选项要果断排除。有些选项可能本身内容正确，但与题目要求的推理判断无关；有些选项可能是过度推断，超出了原文所提供的范围。 · 命题方式 【常见考法】推理题经常使用的提问方式有： It can be inferred/ concluded that _________. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed? The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that _________. The writer suggests that _________. What’s the author’s attitude toward _________? The writer probably feels that _________. The author uses the examples of... to show that _________. 除此之外，还要注意几个误区： ①原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。 ②文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论。 ③与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论。 ④不合常理或不合逻辑的推论。 ⑤虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。 题型01 细节推断题 要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。 （2025年浦东新区一模） It was hard to get information about what was going on across Asheville. Within hours, we lost power, Internet and even cell service. A neighbor told me we could get information on the radio, so I sat in my car to listen to the local radio station’s updates. That’s how I learned that the water wasn’t safe to drink. The treatment plant was under eight feet of water and the distribution pipes had washed away. 38. What can be inferred from paragragh 5? A. Timely access to information is important during a disaster. B. The treatment plant is supposed to be built deep underwater. C. People must depend on neighbors for survival in a disaster. D. Protecting water resources promotes a sense of community. 【答案】38. A 【38 题详解】 推理判断题。第五段主要讲述了因为飓风，作者所在的地方很快失去了电力、网络甚至手机信号，很难获取信息，后来通过听收音机才得知水不安全等重要信息。由此可以推断出在灾难期间及时获取信息是很重要的。故选 A。 题型02 因果推断题 要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。它的首要呈现方法如下: 1.阶段(含首段)榜首句假如表达一种因果联系，一般为考点。 2.文章中细节性的因果联系---一般由一些表明因果联系的词汇手法表达。 (1)表明因果联系的名词：basis (依据), result, consequence, reason; (2)表明因果联系的动词：result in (结果), result from (因为，由……), follow from (……结果), base…on… (以……为根底), be due to (因为); (3)表明因果联系的连词或介词：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, thus, why, with; (4)表明因果联系的副词：as a result, consequently等。 （2025年徐汇一模） ...... Keller’s research adds a significant piece to the still-incomplete puzzle of shark biology. Sharks have been declining at an alarming rate due to mostly overfishing and habitat change. Studying the life cycles and migration patterns of sharks can help us understand what arcas to protect when managing marine spaces. 45. From the passage, we can infer that Keller’s research is significant because it ________. A. provides a new method for capturing sharks. B. supports the idea that sharks’ migration patterns are random. C. adds crucial information to our understanding of shark biology. D. suggests that sharks should be protected from overfishing. 【答案】 45. C 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Keller’s research adds a significant piece to the still-incomplete puzzle of shark biology.(凯勒的研究为尚不完整的鲨鱼生物学之谜增添了重要的一环)”可推知，凯勒的研究重要是因为Keller的研究为我们理解鲨鱼生物学增添了至关重要的信息。故选C。 （2025年虹口一模） ......... Despite high rates of innumeracy (数学盲), there are reasons to think that people may not disengage when they receive numbers. First, multiple past studies show that people often prefer getting numerical details over vague description or purely verbal communication. People also trust messages provided by medical professionals or journalists more when that communication includes numbers than when it does not. The use of specific numbers signals expertise to readers. ........ So whether you’re an environmentalist seeking to communicate more effectively over social media or looking for strategies to persuade family over the dinner table, there are a few lessons here. Find the key numerical data and share that. Think strategically about data presentation. When talking about climate change, include some proposed action. Given that past work suggests that sharing numbers builds trust, your readers or listeners may be more likely to follow your recommendations. When used wisely, numbers can help transform anxiety into action, which could help turn the tide in our fight against climate change. 43. According to the passage, what can numbers do when they are used to illustrate climate change? A. They can arouse people’s anxiety about math. B. They leave the audience even more confused. C. They help make the message more credible. D. They don’t really change how people feel. 45. According to the passage, which of the following is an effective climate message? A. Sea level rise: a ticking time bomb for coastal cities! B. Cycle 5 miles daily, save 50% on carbon emissions! C. 50% of species lost: a warning from climate change! D. Plant more trees today, enjoy fresher air tomorrow! 【答案】43. C 45. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了数字在气候变化传播中作用，包括其增强信息可信度的优点以及可能引发的焦虑等缺点，并给出了如何有效使用数字进行气候传播的建议。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“People also trust messages provided by medical professionals or journalists more when that communication includes numbers than when it does not. The use of specific numbers signals expertise to readers.(当交流中包含数字时，人们也更信任医疗专业人员或记者提供的信息，而不是不包含数字的信息。特定数字的使用向读者传达了专业知识)”可知，人们更信任包含数字的信息。由此推知，当数字被用来阐述气候变化时，它们可以让信息显得更加可靠。故选C项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So whether you’re an environmentalist seeking to communicate more effectively over social media or looking for strategies to persuade family over the dinner table, there are a few lessons here. Find the key numerical data and share that. Think strategically about data presentation. When talking about climate change, include some proposed action.(因此，无论你是一位希望在社交媒体上更有效地进行交流的环保主义者，还是正在寻找在餐桌上说服家人的策略，这里都有一些经验教训。找到关键的数字数据并分享它。从战略角度考虑数据呈现方式。在谈论气候变化时，提出一些行动建议)”可知，有效的气候信息应该包含关键的数字数据和具体的行动建议。B项“Cycle 5 miles daily, save 50% on carbon emissions!(每天骑行5英里，减少50%的碳排放!)”给出关键的数字数据，且提出了具体的行动建议，符合有效气候信息的标准。故选B项。 题型03 态度及观点判断题 高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想，被描写人物语气，言谈话语中流露的情绪，性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度，观点等方面的理解题。 （2025年闵行一模） ........ In September 2020, Park launched GreenThread — her sustainable fashion dream came true. The store's special touch? It sold upcycled clothing and fabric made from waste materials. Customers could bring in their old clothes and trade them for store credit, giving the items a second life. GreenThread's clothes were a mix of repurposed fabrics and eco-friendly dyes, proving that sustainable fashion can be stylish. ....... When the pandemic（疫情） hit, it wasn't smooth sailing. But Park wasn't ready to call it quits. She switched to an online model and started offering virtual style consultations. The response was awesome, and GreenThread's fan base grew as more people realized the benefits of shopping sustainably. ....... 38. Which of the following best describes Park's attitude towards her business? A. Optimistic and practical. B. Carefree and relaxed. C. Focused and cautious. D. Creative and determined. 【答案】38. D 【38 题详解】 推理判断题。Park 创立了 GreenThread 这样独特的可持续时尚商店，通过售卖升级再造服装和让顾客以旧换新等方式，体现了她的创新性。当疫情来袭，她没有放弃，而是转变为线上模式并提供虚拟风格咨询，这表明她的决心。所以 Park 对自己事业的态度是有创造性且坚定的，答案选 D。 题型04 猜测想象推理题 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理和想象，一般难度较大。做这类题目应把握作者的写作思路和文章的篇章结构等，从而作出比较科学的预测。 这类题目常见的设问形式有： What do you think will happen when/if ________? At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write ________. The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about ________. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph? （2025年徐汇一模） Caroline Robbins knew that the first day of school was very, very important. Why? Because that was the day when you chose where you would sit for the entire year. Caroline realized that in some classes this choice would be made for her. The teacher would place students in alphabetical (按字母顺序的) order, meaning she would have to sit in front of Zach Rodgers yet again. Zach was attracted by Caroline, and would distract her from her work by passing notes and telling jokes to impress her. In general, being a Robbins was pretty good, but having to sit in front of Zach was definitely a drawback. In her other classes, though, Caroline would be sure to choose just the right seat. Caroline liked to think of herself as one of the cool kids, but she also did well in school and liked learning. So, Caroline wanted to sit close to the cool kids, but not too close, or she would be more interested in talking than paying attention. She also knew that it was good to be friends with the smart kids, because they could help Caroline with her schoolwork. However, she didn’t want to sit too close to the smart kids. Unfortunately, at Caroline’s school, the smart kids and the cool kids were not the same kids. ....... 37. What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A. Caroline was often seen as a cool kid, not a smart kid. B. Caroline wanted to be the only smart kid in her school. C. If Caroline was seen as a smart kid, no one would think she was cool. D. Caroline’s school was unusual in that smart kids were also cool. 【答案】 37. C 【37题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Unfortunately, at Caroline’s school, the smart kids and the cool kids were not the same kids. (不幸的是，在Caroline的学校里，聪明的孩子和酷的孩子并不是同一批人)”可知，在Caroline的学校，聪明的孩子和酷的孩子不是同一批孩子。由此可以推断出，如果Caroline被认为是聪明的孩子，那么就不会有人认为她是酷的孩子。故选C。 题型05 写作意图推测题 此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，在复杂的语境条件下把握作者的思路，推测作者隐藏的思想及真正的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。此类题属于得分率较低的高难度题。 写作意图推测题的常见设问方式有： For what purpose did the author write the passage? The writer writes this passage in order to _________. The purpose of the text is to _________. What is the purpose of the last part of the text? The writer uses…in the first paragraph to ________. The writer uses the example of….to _________. （2025年杨浦一模） Neurodiversity is a term that refers to the natural range of differences in people’s brains. The neurodiversity movement says that the brains that wander from the average within that range shouldn’t be dismissed as insufficient automatically. The term dates back to the autism (自闭症) community in the 1990s, though it’s now applied to all sorts of mental differences. In the past, “autism was widely seen as an individual medical tragedy,” says Robert Chapman, a neurodivergent (脑功能异于常人的) philosopher with autism, “The only hope for autistic people and our families, it was thought, was that we would one day be fixed through behavioral or biomedical intervention.” .......... Crucially, the neurodiversity movement allows neurodivergent people to transform their thinking about themselves. “The dominant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me somehow tragic, broken, and in need of fixing” Chapman writes in his 2023 book. “This was why I found discovering neurodiversity movement, which offered a different analysis, so liberating.” 46. The main purpose of the article is to ______. A. introduce the effective treatment methods for autism B. explain the history and significance of the neurodiversity movement C. argue for the necessity of promoting the neurodiversity movement D. criticize the wrong focus of research in understanding autism 【答案】46. B 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Neurodiversity is a term that refers to the natural range of differences in people’s brains. The neurodiversity movement says that the brains that wander from the average within that range shouldn’t be dismissed as insufficient automatically.(神经多样性是一个术语，指的是人类大脑的自然差异范围。神经多样性运动表示，在这个范围内偏离平均水平的大脑不应该被自动视为不充分)”可知，这句话引出神经多样性这一话题，接下来文章围绕神经多样性运动展开，解释了其历史、意义和影响。由此推知，文章的主要目的是解释神经多样性运动的历史和意义。故选B项。 (A) (上海市实验学校2024学年度第一学期高三英语月考) The word “brainstorming” depicts a vision of hell. It is someone saying, “Fire up the brainwaves barbecue.” It is trying desperately to work out where everyone else’s cursors (光标) have gone on a digital whiteboard. Yet brainstorming persists, and for decent reasons. Getting a group of people together is an opportunity to exploit different viewpoints. So why is brainstorming often so painful? The problem is that brainstorming must strike a balance between a series of competing necessities. One tension is between creativity and feasibility. A brainstorm is meant to be freeing, a chance to ask out-of-the-box questions. But it is also meant to produce suggestions that can actually be translated into reality, which calls for a more down-to-earth style of thinking. A second tension is between managers and nonmanagers. By its nature brainstorming is insiderish. Someone has to arrange the session, and that person is often the manager of a team. If decision-makers are not in the room, then the suspicion will grow that time is being wasted. If they are, then hierarchies (等级制度) easily become the spotlight: good ideas can shrink with a frown from the boss, and bad ones can survive with a nod. A related issue concerns the presence of outsiders. There is a natural temptation to keep drawing on the same senior people within an organization to generate ideas: these are the ones who get things done, who understand a company’s strategy. Yet researches suggest that outsiders bring a fresh perspective. That might be people from related industries. It might also be middle managers or frontline employees who have direct contact with customers. A third balance to strike is between different personalities and different styles of thinking. A new paper from researchers at Stanford Graduate School of Business finds that brainstorming on Zoom comes at a cost to creativity: as people’s visual focus narrows on the screen in front of them, their cognitive range also seems to become more limited. But if in-person gatherings are better, they also do not work equally well for everyone. Some personalities are immediately comfortable saying what they think; others need to be persuaded to share their opinions. These are known problems, and there are plenty of ideas out there to solve them. “Figure-storming” is a way for people to combat group-think by pretending to be an influential person trying to address the problems. Some simpler rules are much more likely to help. Define the limits of a brainstorming session upfront. Try to make a specific thing work better rather than to shoot for the Moon. Involve people you don’t know, as well as those you do. Start by getting people to write their ideas down in silence, so extroverts and bosses have less chance to dominate. And be clear about the next steps after the session is over; the attraction of holding a “design sprint (冲刺)”, a weeklong, clear-the-diary way for a team to develop and test product prototypes, is that the thread connecting ideas to outcomes is tight. All of them would make brainstorming a little more thought-provoking and less heart-sinking. 43. By saying “The word ‘brainstorming’ depicts a vision of hell”, the author probably means ________. A. the brainwaves barbecue can be misleading B. it’s hard to figure out others’ perspectives C. brainstorming triggers hatred among people D. bosses exploit staff’s brainpower mercilessly 44. “________” qualifies as an out-of-the-box question. A. What are you talking about? We work at a salad chain. B. Is there any point in inviting outsiders to brainstorming? C. How would the British queen improve on cloud computing? D. Wouldn’t it be great if people had artificial tails when diving? 45. What can be inferred from the study by Stanford Graduate School of Business? A. Online conferences hold the participants’ attention better than in-person gatherings. B. People’s cognitive range seems to limit their visual focus to the screen at online meetings. C. Fruitful brainstorming involves taking different personalities and thinking modes into account. D. In-person gatherings liberate brainstorming participants’ creativity despite various personalities. 46. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Various solutions to the problems with brainstorming. B. How “figure-storming” contributes to brainstorming. C. Reasons why brainstorming sessions are painful. D. Thought-provoking versus heart-sinking. 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了头脑风暴这一概念，讨论了造成头脑风暴痛苦的原因及其解决办法，通过分析其内环的平衡点如创造力和可行性、管理者和非管理者、不同个性和思维风格的冲突，提出了改善头脑风暴过程的一些技巧和方法。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The word “brainstorming” depicts a vision of hell. It is someone saying, “Fire up the brainwaves barbecue.” It is trying desperately to work out where everyone else’s cursors (光标) have gone on a digital whiteboard. (“头脑风暴”一词描绘了地狱的景象。有人说，“启动脑电波烧烤。”它正拼命地想弄清楚其他人的光标在数字白板上的位置)”可知，作者说“The word ‘brainstorming’ depicts a vision of hell. (“头脑风暴”一词描绘了地狱的景象)”可知，因为在集体头脑风暴时，人们很难弄清楚其他人在数字白板上光标的位置，即很难理解他人的观点。故选B项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“A brainstorm is meant to be freeing, a chance to ask out-of-the-box questions. But it is also meant to produce suggestions that can actually be translated into reality, which calls for a more down-to-earth style of thinking. (头脑风暴意味着解放，一个提出开箱即用的问题的机会。但它也意味着提出可以转化为现实的建议，这需要一种更务实的思维方式)”可知，文中提到头脑风暴应该是一个机会去提出“out-of-the-box”的问题，而且这类问题是一个可以转化为现实的建议，并体现务实的思维方式。由此推知，选项D“Wouldn’t it be great if people had artificial tails when diving? (如果人们在潜水时有人工尾巴，那岂不是很棒？)符合题意。故选D项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“A third balance to strike is between different personalities and different styles of thinking. A new paper from researchers at Stanford Graduate School of Business finds that brainstorming on Zoom comes at a cost to creativity: as people’s visual focus narrows on the screen in front of them, their cognitive range also seems to become more limited. But if in-person gatherings are better, they also do not work equally well for everyone. (第三个平衡点是在不同的性格和不同的思维方式之间。斯坦福大学商学院研究人员的一篇新论文发现，在Zoom上进行头脑风暴是以牺牲创造力为代价的：随着人们的视觉焦点在他们面前的屏幕上变窄，他们的认知范围似乎也变得更加有限。但如果面对面的聚会更好，它们也不是对每个人都同样有效)”可知，斯坦福商学院的研究人员发现，大脑风暴在Zoom上的创造力受限，因为线上会议时人的视野和认知限制也被显示器影响。面对面的聚会虽然更好，但并不适合所有人。由此推知，富有成效的头脑风暴需要考虑不同的个性和思维模式。故选C项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“These are known problems, and there are plenty of ideas out there to solve them. (这些都是已知的问题，有很多想法可以解决它们)”可知，本段主要讨论的是解决头脑风暴中已知问题的各种方法。故选A项。 (B) (上海市市西中学2024--2025学年第一学期期中考试) A few weeks ago, a well-meaning professor tried to explain the physiological process behind viruses and the human body in a tweet and was immediately criticized for a mistake in his information. He then issued an apology and deleted his erroneous tweet. Communicating science beyond the academic bubble is necessary to augmenting (增加) public understanding of health and environmental issues and helping individuals make well-informed personal decisions. However, scientists who engage in science communication must acknowledge that even in their area, their expertise is deep but narrow. They need to recognize the constraints in their own knowledge. That is not to suggest that they only write or present on their own research, but rather, that they consult with an expert if the topic is outside of their discipline. Fact-checking with a scientist who works in the specialty will prevent the unintentional spread of misinformation, and the process of doing so may yield tiny pieces of interesting new information that can be incorporated. Some have argued that the public is not educated enough to understand scientific information, especially for any complex phenomena, but this is absurd. Science instruction can be found at all levels of public education with most secondary schools offering classes on biology, physics, and chemistry. If anything, social media has shown that the public craves knowledge based on a solid scientific foundation. Even the public discourse (话语) that follows most scientific articles shows that online readers can understand even the most puzzling of scientific principles. It is equally necessary to emphasize that being an expert on a topic does not automatically make a scholar qualified to communicate it to a nonscientific audience. A number of scientists recently have been offering public-aimed explanations of scientific phenomena. Even though they have appropriate credentials, they often do very little in the way of explaining. One biologist shared a complex analogy(类比)involving a library, books, paper, a recipe, ingredients, and a cake to explain the process behind vaccines. Any explanation that requires a written key to keep track of what each item represents is not a clear example for public consumption. Science communication is a science in and of itself. It requires rigorous training and instruction. A scientist should take communication courses that can teach a person how to identify and eliminate jargon (术语) and how to develop effective analogies to explain complex concepts. One cannot assume communication expertise-imagine if someone just decided that they were a physicist and started trying to contribute to the field without the necessary background. Doing a poor job communicating science to the public will only create confusion and widen the gap between science and society, a gap that scientists are trying to close. 43. What does the author advise scientists do to deal with topics outside of their specialty? A. Write or present on them from new angles. B. Utilize information from diverse sources. C. Turn to a specialist for professional help. D. Fact-check with colleagues in-their field. 44. What can be learned from Paragraph 4? A. A solid academic foundation is essential to understanding puzzling scientific principles. B. Modern technology has facilitated communication between scientists and the public. C. Scientific articles have gained increasing popularity among the general public. D. The public’s understanding of science is much better than some have claimed. 45. What does the example of the biologist who shared an intricate analogy show? A. It is helpful to use illustrations in explaining scientific phenomena. B. It is imperative to have appropriate titles to explain scientific issues. C. A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator. D. A nonscientific audience cannot correctly understand principles of science. 46. What does the author suggest scientists do to close the gap between science and society? A. Develop communication skills. B. Make appropriate use of scientific terms. C. Take courses in public speaking. D. Explain complex concepts scientifically. 【答案】43. C 44. D 45. C 46. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科学家在向公众传播科学知识时面临的挑战、必要性以及如何提高传播效果，提出了科学家需要认识到自己知识的局限性、公众对科学知识的渴望、科学家需要具备有效的传播技巧等观点。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They need to recognize the constraints in their own knowledge. That is not to suggest that they only write or present on their own research, but rather, that they consult with an expert if the topic is outside of their discipline.(他们需要认识到自己知识的局限性。这并不是说他们只能撰写或介绍自己的研究成果，而是说，如果话题超出了他们的学科范围，他们应该咨询相关专家)”可知，作者认为当科学家遇到超出了他们的学科范围的话题时，他们应该咨询相关专家。故选C。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Some have argued that the public is not educated enough to understand scientific information, especially for any complex phenomena, but this is absurd. Science instruction can be found at all levels of public education with most secondary schools offering classes on biology, physics, and chemistry. If anything, social media has shown that the public craves knowledge based on a solid scientific foundation. Even the public discourse (话语) that follows most scientific articles shows that online readers can understand even the most puzzling of scientific principles.(有人认为，公众受教育程度不够，无法理解科学信息，尤其是复杂的科学现象，但这种观点是荒谬的。各级公共教育中都可以找到科学教学的内容，大多数中学都开设了生物、物理和化学等课程。如果说有什么不同的话，那就是社交媒体表明，公众渴望获得基于坚实科学基础的知识。甚至大多数科学文章后的公众讨论也表明，在线读者能够理解甚至最令人困惑的科学原理)”可推知，公众对科学的理解比一些人声称的要好得多。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“It is equally necessary to emphasize that being an expert on a topic does not automatically make a scholar qualified to communicate it to a nonscientific audience. A number of scientists recently have been offering public-aimed explanations of scientific phenomena. Even though they have appropriate credentials, they often do very little in the way of explaining. One biologist shared a complex analogy (类比) involving a library, books, paper, a recipe, ingredients, and a cake to explain the process behind vaccines. Any explanation that requires a written key to keep track of what each item represents is not a clear example for public consumption.(有人认为，公众受教育程度不够，无法理解科学信息，尤其是复杂的科学现象，但这种观点是荒谬的。各级公共教育中都可以找到科学教学的内容，大多数中学都开设了生物、物理和化学等课程。如果说有什么不同的话，那就是社交媒体表明，公众渴望获得基于坚实科学基础的知识。甚至大多数科学文章后的公众讨论也表明，在线读者能够理解甚至最令人困惑的科学原理)”可知，这个例子是为了强调，即使是一位在生物学领域有深厚学识的学者，也可能在尝试向非专业听众解释复杂的科学概念时遇到困难。这个例子突显了科学传播的挑战，并指出，仅仅因为某人在其专业领域内知识渊博，并不意味着他们就能有效地将这些知识传达给非专业听众。由此推知，这个例子说明了学识渊博并不等同于具备科学传播的能力。故选C。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Science communication is a science in and of itself. It requires rigorous training and instruction. A scientist should take communication courses that can teach a person how to identify and eliminate jargon(术语)and how to develop effective analogies to explain complex concepts.(科学传播本身就是一门科学。它需要严格的培训和指导。科学家应该参加沟通课程，这些课程可以教授如何识别和消除术语，以及如何发展有效的类比来解释复杂的概念)”可知，作者建议科学家为了缩小科学与社会之间的鸿沟应该接受沟通技巧。故选A。 （2025年青浦一模） My doctor took me for a walk around the farm where she lived. I was physically and emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression. The place was full of life. There were insects, horses, rabbits, and a cat. She told me to focus on my body in the environment. When I was ill, I tended to withdraw into my mind and disconnect from the here and now. So, when I met a horse named Fira, I expected nothing. As I got closer to Fira, she rubbed her nose into my chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart. Something happened inside me: I felt as if I had reached a wellspring of past hurts, fears and failings. I began to melt emotionally. I patted Fira’s nose and breathed in her smell. I found I didn’t have to concentrate on feeling better; Fira helped me feel loved and safe. I worked with Fira often, learning basic communication and leading methods to work together with her. Initially, I wasn’t sure exactly what one would do with a horse except riding it. But I knew that Fira had touched me in an uncommon way and had made me feel better. She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way. In my meetings with Fira, I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place. I learned to forget the past, with all its hurt. I learned to forget the future, which hasn’t happened yet. With Fira by my side, I saw into a life in which trust comes first, and compassion follows. I found a deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right. I felt an inner quiet and even joy. My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very dark night in my soul. 36. Why did the writer expect nothing when meeting Fira? A. Because Fira’s reaction led the writer to feel hurt and fearful. B. Because the writer’s mentality kept her from connecting with others. C. Because the writer knew nothing about Fira and didn’t know what to expect. D. Because the animals on the farm distracted the writer from focusing on her body. 37. Which of the following statements about Fira is TRUE? A. Fira was the writer’s pet, living on her farm. B. Fira made the writer feel better by giving her rides. C. Fira got the writer to concentrate on her hurt feelings. D. Fira responded affectionately to the writer’s approach. 38. In the last paragraph, the writer shares her experience with Fira to imply that _______. A. animals can follow people’s instructions, thus gaining their trust B. interacting with animals can be a therapy to psychological distress C. meetings with animals can help people step out of their comfort zone D. people can access temporary peace and joy when working with animals 39. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. My Doctor’s Farm: A Place of Healing B. Fira: The Horse that Saved My Life C. From Darkness to Light: My Journey with Fira D. Horse Smell: The Magic Power 答案： 36. B 37. D 38.B 39. C 文章大意: 作者因身心俱疲、饱受焦虑和抑郁困扰，医生带其到自己居住的农场散步。农场充满生机，在那里作者邂逅了一匹名为 Fira 的马。起初，由于作者自身心理状态不佳，对与 Fira 的相遇并未抱有期待。然而，Fira 用温柔的举动触动了作者，让作者内心积压的伤痛开始消解。此后，作者常与 Fira 相处，学习与它沟通及合作的方法。在与 Fira 的互动中，作者学会了活在当下，忘却过去的伤痛与对未来的担忧，逐步走出心灵的黑暗低谷。 答案解析 36 题 答案：B 解析：文中明确提到 “When I was ill, I tended to withdraw into my mind and disconnect from the here and now. So, when I met a horse named Fira, I expected nothing.”，这表明作者患病时习惯沉浸在自己的思绪中，与现实脱节，这种心理状态致使她在见到 Fira 时不抱任何期望。A 选项，是在接触 Fira 后作者内心的伤痛被引发，并非一开始就因 Fira 的反应而受伤恐惧；C 选项，并非因为不了解 Fira 所以没期待，核心原因是作者自身的心理问题；D 选项，文中未提及农场动物分散作者对自身身体关注的相关内容。所以 B 选项正确。 37 题 答案：D 解析：依据 “As I got closer to Fira, she rubbed her nose into my chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart.” 以及 “She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way.” 可知，当作者靠近 Fira 时，Fira 不仅用鼻子蹭作者胸口，还以开放且深情的方式回应作者的情绪状态，这充分说明 Fira 对作者的靠近给予了深情回应。A 选项，文中没有信息表明 Fira 是作者的宠物；B 选项，作者并非通过骑马感觉变好，而是与 Fira 的互动让其心境改善；C 选项，Fira 是使作者内心伤痛得到缓解，并非让作者专注于伤痛感觉。因此，D 选项正确。 38 题 答案：B 解析：在最后一段，作者详细叙述了与 Fira 相处的经历，从最初被焦虑和抑郁笼罩的黑暗状态，到在与 Fira 的相处过程中学会活在当下，进而走出心灵的黑暗，这一系列变化表明与动物的互动对作者的心理困扰起到了治疗作用。A 选项，文章重点并非强调动物听从指令获取信任，而是与动物互动对心理的积极影响；C 选项，文中未涉及走出舒适区的内容；D 选项，作者与 Fira 相处并非只是获得暂时的平静和快乐，而是实现了心灵困境的逐步解脱。所以，B 选项正确。 39 题 答案：C 解析：文章主要围绕作者从身心受焦虑抑郁折磨的黑暗状态，通过与 Fira 相处逐渐走向心灵光明的历程展开。C 选项 “From Darkness to Light: My Journey with Fira” 精准地概括了文章的核心内容，是最佳标题。A 选项，文章重点并非医生的农场，而是作者与 Fira 的经历；B 选项，“saved my life” 表述过于夸大；D 选项，“Horse Smell” 只是与 Fira 接触中的一个细节，无法全面概括全文。所以，C 选项正确。 重点词块 physically and emotionally exhausted：身心俱疲 withdraw into：退缩到；沉浸于 disconnect from：与…… 脱节 rub... into...：把…… 擦进；蹭 respond to：对…… 做出回应 live in the present：活在当下 reflect... back to...：把…… 反馈给…… step out of：走出 复杂句式 1. When I was ill, I tended to withdraw into my mind and disconnect from the here and now. 分析：这是一个主从复合句，“When I was ill” 为时间状语从句，表明作者处于生病这一特定时间背景；主句为 “I tended to withdraw into my mind and disconnect from the here and now”，其中 “tend to do sth.” 表示 “倾向于做某事”，描述作者在生病时的行为倾向。 翻译：当我生病的时候，我往往会沉浸在自己的思绪中，与当下脱节。 2. As I got closer to Fira, she rubbed her nose into my chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart. 分析：此句同样是主从复合句，“As I got closer to Fira” 为时间状语从句，说明作者靠近 Fira 这一动作发生的时间；“she rubbed her nose into my chest” 是主句，描述 Fira 的主要动作；“putting a gentle pressure over my heart” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明 Fira 蹭作者胸口时同时施加的动作。 翻译：当我靠近 Fira 时，她把鼻子蹭进我的胸口，在我的心脏上方轻轻施压。 3. I found a deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right. 分析：这是一个简单句，“in leading her along a path” 和 “by using my own power of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right” 均为方式状语，前者表明作者在引领 Fira 沿着小路走的过程中找到平静，后者说明作者通过运用自己的意向力来指示 Fira 行动方向，进而找到平静。 翻译：在引领她沿着小路前行的过程中，通过运用我自己的意向力来指示是开始、停止、向左转还是向右转，我找到了一种深深的平静。 4. My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very dark night in my soul. 分析：该句为简单句，“My work with this horse” 是句子主语，表示 “我与这匹马的相处（经历）”；“was” 为系动词；“part of a journey” 作表语；“out of a very dark night in my soul” 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “journey”，说明这是一段走出心灵黑暗的旅程。 翻译：我与这匹马的相处经历是我走出心灵黑暗之夜旅程的一部分。 （2025年崇明一模） The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States for outstanding achievement in journalism as well as books, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categories including online journalism, newspaper reporting, fiction, history, music, drama, poetry, photography and more. Recipients can be a news organization, an individual or a group of people. Each of the first 21 winners receives a $15,000 cash prize and a certificate. The twenty-second prize, however, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given to a news agency. Instead of cash, the news organization receives the Pulitzer Gold Medal. The name of the year’s winner is on one side of the coin and the year is on the other. All winners are honored and awarded their prizes at an annual lunch party. The event takes place at Columbia University, which was originally tasked with administering the award, and usually occurs in May. If it hadn’t been for a Hungarian-American named Joseph Pulitzer, the awards would never have come into existence. Pulitzer was born into a wealthy family in Hungary in 1847. He made his way to America and built a career in journalism. He developed a reputation as an ambitious and energetic young journalist. By 1872 Pulitzer had become a publisher, and six years later he owned a newspaper company. In 1883 he purchased yet another newspaper. He became known as someone who was not afraid to take a public stand against corruption (腐败). After a successful career in journalism, seven years before his death, Pulitzer wrote a will, leaving $2,000,000 to Columbia University. The money was to establish a school of journalism at Columbia and a set of awards. Pulitzer’s desire was to raise the standards of journalism. He hoped the prize would act as a stimulus for journalists to work for excellence — then and into the future. Faithfully following Pulitzer’s instructions, Columbia University awarded the very first Pulitzer Prizes in 1917. Today these awards are considered some of the most distinguished prizes in America. 36. What can be known about the Pulitzers? A.Their recipients all get cash prizes. B. There are 21 winners each year. C. They are awarded worldwide. D. They go beyond journalism. 37. It can be inferred from the passage that Joseph Pulitzer _____. A. was humorous and courageous B. was raised up in a journalist’s family C. had a strong sense of justice D. sought a goal of producing wealth 38. Pulitzer established the prizes mainly to _____. A. facilitate better journalism B. diversify ways of access to journalism C. support Columbia University D. stimulate people to become journalists 39. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Pulitzer Prizes: Joseph Pulitzer’s Lifetime Ambition B. Pulitzer Prizes: Some of America’s Greatest Honors C. Pulitzer Prizes: Awards for Distinguished Journalists D. Pulitzer Prizes: Annual Events at Columbia University 【答案】36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B 【导读】 本文介绍了普利策奖，它是美国在新闻、书籍、戏剧和音乐等领域颁发的奖项，涵盖 22 个类别。获奖者包括新闻机构、个人或团体，除公共服务奖外，其他 21 个奖项的获得者可获现金奖励和证书。该奖由匈牙利裔美国人约瑟夫・普利策设立，他在新闻领域取得成功后，留下 200 万美元给哥伦比亚大学，用于建立新闻学院和设立奖项，以提高新闻行业标准。1917 年，哥伦比亚大学首次颁发普利策奖，如今该奖已成为美国最杰出的奖项之一。 【解析】 36. 细节理解题： 根据第一段 “The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States for outstanding achievement in journalism as well as books, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categories including online journalism, newspaper reporting, fiction, history, music, drama, poetry, photography and more.” 可知，普利策奖不仅涉及新闻领域，还包括书籍、戏剧、音乐等多个领域，D 选项 “它们超越了新闻领域” 正确。 A 选项，公共服务奖获得者获得的是普利策金牌而非现金奖励，所以 A 选项错误；B 选项，每年有 22 个奖项，而不是 21 个获奖者，所以 B 选项错误；C 选项，普利策奖是在美国国内颁发，并非全球范围，所以 C 选项错误。所以答案是 D。 37. 推理判断题： 由第三段 “He became known as someone who was not afraid to take a public stand against corruption (腐败).” 可知，约瑟夫・普利策敢于公开反对腐败，这表明他有强烈的正义感，C 选项正确。 A 选项，文中未提及他幽默；B 选项，他出生于匈牙利的富裕家庭，并非新闻工作者家庭；D 选项，他设立奖项的目的是提高新闻行业标准，而非追求财富，所以 A、B、D 选项错误。所以答案是 C。 38. 细节理解题： 根据第四段 “Pulitzer’s desire was to raise the standards of journalism. He hoped the prize would act as a stimulus for journalists to work for excellence — then and into the future.” 可知，普利策设立奖项主要是为了促进更好的新闻工作，提高新闻行业标准，A 选项正确。 B 选项 “使进入新闻行业的方式多样化”，文中未提及；C 选项 “支持哥伦比亚大学”，设立奖项的主要目的不是支持大学，而是提高新闻标准；D 选项 “激励人们成为记者”，重点是激励记者追求卓越，而非激励人们成为记者，所以 B、C、D 选项错误。所以答案是 A。 39. 主旨大意题： 文章介绍了普利策奖的设立背景、涵盖领域、奖项设置以及其意义，如今普利策奖被认为是美国最杰出的奖项之一，B 选项 “普利策奖：美国一些最伟大的荣誉” 能全面概括文章内容，正确。 A 选项 “普利策奖：约瑟夫・普利策的毕生抱负”，文章不仅仅围绕他的抱负展开；C 选项 “普利策奖：杰出记者的奖项”，普利策奖不仅针对记者，还涉及其他领域；D 选项 “普利策奖：哥伦比亚大学的年度活动”，这只是普利策奖颁奖的地点和形式，不能概括全文，所以 A、C、D 选项错误。所以答案是 B。 【重点词块】 1. outstanding achievement 杰出成就 2. recipient 接受者 3. news agency 新闻机构 4. administer the award 管理奖项 5. take a public stand against 公开反对 6. write a will 立遗嘱 7. raise the standards of 提高…… 的标准 8. act as a stimulus 起到激励作用 【复杂句式】 1. The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States for outstanding achievement in journalism as well as books, drama and music.” 分析：句子主干是 “The Pulitzers are American awards”，“given within the United States for outstanding achievement in journalism as well as books, drama and music” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “awards”，说明普利策奖是在美国国内为新闻、书籍、戏剧和音乐等领域杰出成就而设立的奖项。 翻译：普利策奖是在美国国内颁发的美国奖项，旨在表彰新闻、书籍、戏剧和音乐等领域的杰出成就。 2. “The twenty - second prize, however, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given to a news agency. Instead of cash, the news organization receives the Pulitzer Gold Medal.” 分析：第一句是主从复合句，“The twenty - second prize, however, is the Public Service Prize” 是主句，“which is always given to a news agency” 是非限制性定语从句，对 “the Public Service Prize” 进行补充说明。第二句是简单句，“Instead of cash” 是状语，表明不是获得现金。 翻译：然而，第 22 个奖项是公共服务奖，该奖总是授予一家新闻机构。新闻机构获得的不是现金，而是普利策金牌。 3. “If it hadn’t been for a Hungarian - American named Joseph Pulitzer, the awards would never have come into existence.” 分析：这是一个虚拟条件句，“If it hadn’t been for...” 是对过去情况的虚拟，意思是 “如果不是……”，表示一种假设的情况，主句 “the awards would never have come into existence” 使用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构 “would + have + 过去分词”。 翻译：如果不是因为一位名叫约瑟夫・普利策的匈牙利裔美国人，这些奖项就永远不会存在。 4. “Pulitzer’s desire was to raise the standards of journalism. He hoped the prize would act as a stimulus for journalists to work for excellence — then and into the future.” 分析：第一句是简单句，“to raise the standards of journalism” 是动词不定式作表语，说明普利策的愿望。第二句是主从复合句，“He hoped” 是主句，“the prize would act as a stimulus for journalists to work for excellence — then and into the future” 是省略了引导词 “that” 的宾语从句，作 “hoped” 的宾语，“to work for excellence” 是动词不定式作目的状语，表明奖项对记者起到激励作用的目的。 翻译：普利策的愿望是提高新闻行业的标准。他希望这个奖项能激励记者们追求卓越 —— 无论是当时还是未来。 （2025年宝山一模） If you love beautiful scenery, then head for the national parks and monuments of Utah. Begin your trip in Arches National Park. Depicted (描绘) as a wonderland, Arches has more than 2,000 natural stone arches, the world's largest concentration. If you'd like a challenge, try the Fiery Furnace hike. You must go with a park guide as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宫), with narrow rocks above drop-offs along with gaps to pull yourself up and through. Not far from Arches lies Canyon lands National Park. The most accessible area of the park is the Island in the Sky, a huge mesa (台地). Take the drive around the edge to get an amazing view of the surrounding area. From Grand View Point, you can take an easy two-mile hike that follows the edge of the mesa. It crosses a narrow point of land arriving at one of the most beautiful viewpoints in the world. Farther to the north is Dinosaur National Monument. Your first stop here should be the Quarry Exhibit Hall, where you can see a natural stone wall containing about 1,500 bones from dinosaurs that once walked in this region. After that, hike one of the park's many trails. Along some of them, you can see petroglyphs (岩画).These are designs and images that were carved into the stone walls by the Freemont people, who lived in this area from around 200 A.D. to 1300 A.D. If you wish to camp, stay overnight in the Split Mountain campground. During the evening, attend one of the night sky programs that are held after dark in the camping area. As you gaze up at the heavens, an expert will point out and discuss fascinating objects in the night sky. 36. What does the article imply about the Fiery Furnace hike? A. It leads to one of Utah's highest summits. B. It requires very little effort to complete. C. It's often closed to protect animals. D. It has complicated bends and turns. 37. What does the expert probably discuss during the program in the camping area? A. All kinds of insect life B. Planets, moon and stars C. Native bushes and flowers D. Interesting species of birds 38. In which publication would you most likely find this article? A. Popular Crafts and Hobbies B. American Literary Magazine C. Today's Guide to Investing D. Outdoor Recreation Digest 答案 36. D 37. B 38. D 文章大意 文章是一篇旅游指南，介绍了犹他州的几个国家公园和纪念碑。首先推荐了拱门国家公园（Arches National Park），其中有 2000 多个天然石拱，还提到了具有挑战性的 Fiery Furnace 徒步路线。接着介绍了离拱门国家公园不远的峡谷地国家公园（Canyonlands National Park），重点讲了其中比较容易到达的天空之岛（Island in the Sky）以及在那里可以欣赏到的美景。最后介绍了更北边的恐龙国家纪念碑（Dinosaur National Monument），包括其中的采石场展览厅（Quarry Exhibit Hall）、徒步路线上的岩画以及露营活动和夜间观星项目。 答案解析 36 题 答案：D 解析：文章对 Fiery Furnace 徒步路线的描述是 “a labyrinth (迷宫), with narrow rocks above drop - offs along with gaps to pull yourself up and through”，意思是这条路线像迷宫一样，有狭窄的岩石、落差以及需要攀爬通过的缝隙。这些描述表明路线有复杂的弯道和转折，所以答案是 D。A 选项文中没有提到这条路线通向犹他州最高的山峰；B 选项从对路线像迷宫一样的描述可以推断出它并不容易完成，需要一定的努力；C 选项文中没有提及为保护动物而关闭该路线的内容。 37 题 答案：B 解析：根据文章内容 “During the evening, attend one of the night sky programs that are held after dark in the camping area. As you gaze up at the heavens, an expert will point out and discuss fascinating objects in the night sky.”，在露营地天黑后会有夜间观星项目，人们仰望天空时，专家会指出并讨论夜空中迷人的物体。所以可以推断专家讨论的应该是和天空有关的内容，选项中只有 B 选项 “行星、月亮和星星” 符合，A 选项昆虫、C 选项本土灌木和花卉、D 选项有趣的鸟类都与夜空中的物体无关。 38 题 答案：D 解析：文章主要内容是关于犹他州的国家公园和纪念碑，包括公园内的徒步路线、景点、露营等户外活动相关信息。A 选项《流行工艺与爱好》主要涉及手工制作和兴趣爱好方面的内容，与文章主题不符；B 选项《美国文学杂志》主要是文学作品相关内容；C 选项《今日投资指南》主要是关于投资的内容。只有 D 选项《户外休闲文摘》是关于户外休闲活动的刊物，所以答案是 D。 重点词块 natural stone arches：天然石拱 concentration：集中；聚集 labyrinth：迷宫 drop - offs：落差；陡坡 accessible area：容易到达的区域 mesa：台地 viewpoint：观点；视角；景点 petroglyphs：岩画 campground：露营地 night sky programs：夜空观测项目 复杂句式 1. “Depicted (描绘) as a wonderland, Arches has more than 2,000 natural stone arches, the world's largest concentration.” 分析：这是一个简单句，“Depicted (描绘) as a wonderland” 是过去分词短语作状语，用来描述 Arches National Park 的状态，相当于 “As it is depicted as a wonderland”；句子的主干是 “Arches has more than 2,000 natural stone arches”，“the world's largest concentration” 是同位语，对 “more than 2,000 natural stone arches” 进行补充说明。 翻译：拱门国家公园被描绘成一个仙境，拥有 2000 多个天然石拱，是世界上石拱最集中的地方。 2. “You must go with a park guide as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宫), with narrow rocks above drop - offs along with gaps to pull yourself up and through.” 分析：这是一个主从复合句，“You must go with a park guide” 是主句；“as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宫)” 是原因状语从句，说明需要和公园导游一起走的原因；“with narrow rocks above drop - offs along with gaps to pull yourself up and through” 是 “with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构，在句中作状语，对 “a labyrinth” 进行补充说明，其中 “to pull yourself up and through” 是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰 “gaps”。 翻译：你必须和一个公园导游一起走，因为这条徒步路线是一个迷宫，有落差上方狭窄的岩石，还有供你攀爬通过的缝隙。 3. “These are designs and images that were carved into the stone walls by the Freemont people, who lived in this area from around 200 A.D. to 1300 A.D.” 分析：这是一个主从复合句，“These are designs and images” 是主句；“that were carved into the stone walls by the Freemont people” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “designs and images”，说明这些设计和图像是由 Freemont 人刻在石壁上的；“who lived in this area from around 200 A.D. to 1300 A.D.” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “the Freemont people”，说明 Freemont 人的居住时间。 翻译：这些是设计和图像，它们是由公元 200 年到 1300 年左右居住在这个地区的弗里蒙特人刻在石壁上的。 （2025年虹口一模） Take our latest quiz! ① You’ve just finished a book— do you know what you’ll read next? a)Yes! Perhaps a sequel, I want to spend more time in that world. b)A book that everyone’s talking about. c)No, but I love finding unexpected books. d)No. I like asking for my friends’ recommendations. ② Do you value other people’s opinions when deciding what to read? a)I don’t like listening to others—I know what I like b)I love to know what celebrities are reading! c)No. I just let the books do the talking! d)Yes! Friends know which books I’ll enjoy. ③ What do you most look forward to in a new book? a)To see what my favourite characters are doing in new situations. b)Talking about it with my friends. c)Discovering new voices and stories. d)Reading books as good as other ones I’ve loved. ④ Do you like reading lots of books by the same author? a)Yes, once I find an author I like, I’ll read everything they write! b)If they’re a popular author, then yes! c)No, I like to read books by different authors. d)I tend to read books by authors my friends suggest. ⑤ When you go to a bookshop, where do you head first? a)To see if there’s a new book in my favourite series. b)I head to the new releases and bestsellers. c)I like to walk around the whole shop to see what catches my eye. d)To look at the bookseller’s recommendations. Mostly As: you’ re a SERIES-HOPPER There’s no better feeling than reading something you love... and then discovering it’s part of a series! You’ re always guaranteed to have something new to look forward to, and a familiar world to revisit again. Mostly Bs: you’re a TREND-TRACKER You like to read the books that everyone is talking about. Your local bestseller will know better than anyone which books and authors are truly up-and-coming, so ask them for their top tips. Mostly Cs: you’re a RISK-TAKER ________ Mostly Ds: you’re a ADVICE-SEEKER You feel reassured when someone you trust recommends a book to you. If you want to expand your reading experiences, try getting those recommendation from lots of different places. 40. Which of the following best explains what a “sequel” is? A. A story or book that is about imaginary characters. B. A book that continues the story of a previous book. C. A book that conveys. relationships between multiple characters. D. A collection of stories written by fans of an original book series. 41. Which of the following description best fits the definition of a “risk-taker”? A. You’re happy to pick up something you’ve never heard of. B. You hope to find the new book of your favourite author. C. You’re willing to wander in the world of the classics. D. You only read those on top of the list of best sellers. 42. What can those who take this quiz learn from the results? A. Why they prefer reading to other activities. B. Which author is probably their favourite. C. Who they should turn to for reading tips. D. What their book-choosing style is. 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。这是一篇问卷调查以及根据回答给出了四种不同的阅读者类型。 【40题详解】 词句猜测题。根据①小问“You’ve just finished a book — do you know what you’ll read next?(你刚读完一本书，你知道接下来要读什么吗？)”以及后文“I want to spend more time in that world.(我想花更多的时间在那个世界)”可知，读完后还想继续花更多的时间在那个世界，所以应是读那本书的续集，也就是继续前一本书的故事的书。故选B项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Mostly Cs: you’re a RISK-TAKER”可知，作为RISK-TAKER类的阅读者，答案大部分是C，第一题的C项“No, but I love finding unexpected books.(没有，但我喜欢发现意想不到的书)”，第二题的C项“No. I just let the books do the talking!(没有。我只是让书来说话)”，第三题的C项“Discovering new voices and stories.(发现新的声音和故事)”，第四题的C项“No, I like to read books by different authors.(不，我喜欢读不同作者的书)”以及第五题的C项“I like to walk around the whole shop to see what catches my eye.(我喜欢绕着整个商店走一圈，看看有什么吸引我的眼球)”可知，RISK-TAKER喜欢发现意想不到的书，发现新的声音和故事，喜欢读不同作者的书，由此推断RISK-TAKER是很乐意学习一些你从未听说过的东西。故选A项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。文章最后给出了四种不同的阅读者类型及其描述，这个测试的目的就是帮助读者了解自己的选书风格。通过回答测试中的问题，读者可以了解自己的阅读偏好和习惯，从而更好地选择适合自己的书籍。故选D项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$