6. 2025年高二英语寒假作业 单词复习+习题精做 每天80分钟 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 学习测试版+答案解析版

第1部分 巩固提升 选择性必修第二册 2025高二寒假作业 每天80分钟 学习测试版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. cholera n. 霍乱 2. diarrhoea n. 腹泻 3. dehydration n. 脱水 4. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 5. germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌 6. pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒 7. water pump水泵 8. household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 9. raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 10. statistic n. [pl. -s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学 11. epidemiology n. 流行病学 12. microscope n. 显微镜 13. protein n. 蛋白质 14. cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房 15. virus n. 病毒 16. vaccine n. 疫苗 17. framework n. 框架；结构 18. theoretical framework理论框架 19. rainbow n. 彩虹 20. concrete n. 混凝土 adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 21. plasma n. 血浆 22. aerospace n. 航空航天工业 23. patriotic adj. 爱国的 24. mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的 25. mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工 26. aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行 27. jet n. 喷气式飞机 28. missile n. 导弹 29. astronomer n. 天文学家 30. astronomy n. 天文学 31. telescope n. 望远镜 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 3. suspect vt. & vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4. blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 5. handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6. link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 7. substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 8. decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 9. transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变 10. thinking n. 思想；思维；见解 11. finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 12. initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的 13. solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体 14. cast vt. (cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 15. shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处 16. pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 17. leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 18. trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出 n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 19. outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 20. abstract adj. 抽象的；理论上的 n. (文献等的)摘要 21. concept n. 概念；观念 22. besides prep. 除……之外(还) adv. 而且；此外 23. brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 24. furthermore adv. 此外；再者 25. fault n. 弱点；过错 26. shift n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi. & vt. 转移；挪动；转向 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫败 2. infection n. 感染；传染→infect vt. 使感染；传染→infectious adj. 感染的；传染的 3. proof n. 证据；证明；检验→prove vt. 证明 link v. 证明是 4. multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi. & vt. 乘；成倍增加；繁殖 5. intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi. 干扰；介入 6. pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv. 完全地；纯粹地→purify vt. 净化；使……洁净；提纯 7. defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n. 防御；保卫；保护 8. assistant n. 助理；助手→assist vt. & vi. 帮助；协助→assistance n. 帮助；协助；援助 9. gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n. 礼物；天赋 10. steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv. 稳定地；持续地 11. vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv. 生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. once and for all最终地；彻底地 2. subscribe to同意；赞同 3. thanks to幸亏；由于 4. break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 5. in charge of主管；掌管 6. come down with患(病)；染上(小病) 7. above all最重要的是；尤其是 8. die from/of死于 9. in time及时；迟早 10. be likely to do sth 很可能做某事 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. (until引导的时间状语从句) 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 2. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. (so. . . that. . . ) 他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。 3. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. (that引导的宾语从句) 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 4. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. (It seemed that. . . 似乎……) 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 5. Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. (have sth done) 因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。 6. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk. (形容词短语作状语) 大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。 晨检得分 _______/________ · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. contradictory adj. ____________________ 2. concrete n. ____________________ adj. ____________________ 3. framework n. ____________________ 4. household n. ____________________ 5. raw adj. ____________________ 6. statistic n. [pl. -s] ____________________ 7. mechanic n. ____________________ 8. protein n. ____________________ 9. cell n. ____________________ 10. virus n. ____________________ Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1. 5分，共15分) 1. _________________ adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 2. _________________ vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 3. _________________ adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 4. _________________ vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 5. _________________ n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6. _________________ n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 7. _________________ n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 8. _________________ vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变 9. _________________ vt. 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 10. _________________ n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi. & vt. 转移；挪动；转向 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题2. 5分，共15分) 1. _________________ adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→_________________ vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧→_________________ n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫败 2. _________________ adj. 数量多的；多种多样的→_________________ vi. & vt. 乘；成倍增加；繁殖 3. _________________ adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→_________________ adv. 完全地；纯粹地→_________________ vt. 净化；使……洁净；提纯 4. _________________ n. 助理；助手→_________________ vt. & vi. 帮助；协助→_________________ n. 帮助；协助；援助 5. _________________ adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→_________________ adv. 生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 6. _________________ vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→_________________ n. 防御；保卫；保护 Ⅳ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1. ____________________最终地；彻底地 2. ____________________(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 3. ____________________死于 4. ____________________及时；迟早 5. ____________________很可能做某事 · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共15分) 1．With solid _________________，the lawyer can certainly _________________ that he is innocent.(prove) 2．He was _________________ with an _________________ disease and the serious _________________ likely claimed his life.(infect) 3．To _________________ her from being hurt，I must say something in her _________________.(defend) 4．The _________________ girl who is distributing _________________ among the homeless children has a _________________ for many areas.(gift) 5．With _________________ policies，the company’s exports have been increasing _________________.(steady) 6．The problem lies in deciding when to _________________.The _________________ will help settle the problem.(intervene) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．Unfortunately，the poor boy ____________________ a severe illness，which was difficult to cure. 2．All the people ____________________ the fact that Changbaishan is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals. 3．I’d like to buy a house—modern，comfortable and，____________________ in a quiet neighbourhood. 4．Could I speak to whoever is ____________________ International Sales please? 5．____________________ his help，my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1．我会等到他来帮我。(until引导的时间状语从句) ________________________________________ 2．我认为我从读英文报Youth中获益良多。(that引导的宾语从句) ________________________________________ 3．似乎我们很难解出这个数学题。(It seemed that...) ________________________________________ 4．我是如此害怕以至于我在马背上大声地尖叫。(so...that...) ________________________________________ 5．他吓得要死，不能挪动一步。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)(形容词短语作状语) ________________________________________ 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与社会之一项名为Sora的突破性技术给好莱坞电影业带来的冲击 说明文 435 适中(0. 65) B 人与社会之一种新技术可以杀死让面包变质的霉菌 说明文 453 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与社会之科学家向公众传达研究的价值所采用的方法和取得的进步 说明文 337 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之加沙男孩Hussam Al-Attar发明了小型风力涡轮机来发电 说明文 552 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与社会之杨华德带领一支中国农业专家团队前往东非国家布隆迪 说明文 210 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 发言稿 介绍中国为人类做出突出贡献的人物 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （2024·全国·高二期中）In recent news, it has been reported that Hollywood executives have decided to cancel an $800 million investment in a new studio. This decision comes after the emergence of a groundbreaking technology called Sora, which has sent shock waves throughout the film industry. Sora, developed by OpenAI, has quickly become a focus of discussion within Hollywood. Unlike previous AI video generators, Sora has the ability to generate one-minute-long videos based on textual prompts (提示符) while maintaining visual quality and consistency. It can switch between shots, adjust compositions and accurately combine video content with relevant background themes, resulting in incredibly realistic and immersive videos. The introduction of Sora is just the beginning of a shocking shift in the film industry. Its ability to generate high-quality videos based on textual prompts raises questions about the future of traditional movie-making processes. The potential to replace certain job roles and disturb the livelihoods of some individuals is just a small part of the overall impact. Looking ahead, the innovation of productivity tools and the potential for smaller teams to create Hollywood-level movies at a lower cost may completely transform the way films are produced. This shift could bring about new production methods, viewing experiences, and even business models within the film and entertainment industry. This breakthrough technology has raised concerns within the film industry, as it has the potential to disturb the traditional movie production process and cause certain job roles’ losses. However, this technology also presents opportunities for innovation and cost-effective production methods. The film industry is on the edge of a transformative era, and only time will tell how Sora and similar technologies will shape its future. It likely won’t be long before audiences get to see film productions made with Sora. It can be stated with certainty that the film industry has entered a new era of rapid development in AI technology. 1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The impact of Sora. B. The concern about Sora. C. The potential of Sora. D. The advantage of Sora. 2. What will be challenged by Sora in the film industry? A. Textual creation. B. Individual investment. C. Relevant job chances. D. Video content development. 3. In what aspects does Sora influence the film industry? A. Culture and business models. B. Film production cost and methods. C. Function and viewing experiences. D. Innovation and background themes. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward Sora? A. Objective. B. Dismissive. C. Favorable. D. Doubtful. B （24-25高一下·云南昭通·期末）An American company has developed a new technique to make bread stay fresh for 60 days. Scientists found that a kind of mould (霉菌) caused bread to go bad. The new technique kills the mould and keeps the food for longer time. This means there will be less waste of food in the world in future. Food waste is a big problem in most developed countries. In the US, an average family throws away 40% of the food they buy, which adds up to $ 165 bn every year, about 330 million tons in weight. Bread takes a larger part. In the UK, 32% of the bread they buy is thrown away as waste when they can still be eaten. The bread usually goes mouldy (发霉的) in around 10 days, but the American company says the new technique will keep the bread free from mould for two months. “We treated a piece of bread in a special machine. At 60 days it had the same amount of mould as it was first made,” says Mr. Stull, the leader of the company. Although there are a lot of bread makers interested in the new technique, few customers like the idea. They say they don’t think a piece of bread which lasts for 60 days tastes good. “We’ll have to make our customers accept the idea. But it will take some time,” says Mr. Stull. 5. How does the new technique work? A. By changing the way of making bread. B. By adding some ingredients to make bread tasty. C. By gathering more mould to better keep bread safe to eat. D. By killing the mould and keeping bread fresh for a longer time. 6. What do the figures show in paragraph 3? A. Bread waste in the US is the most severe. B. 32% of bread waste in the UK is unavoidable. C. The number of bread waste is alarming in some developed countries. D. Developing countries should do something to reduce food waste. 7. What can be inferred from Mr. Stull’s words? A. All of bread makers has adopted the technology. B. It will take time for customers to accept the new technology. C. No customers like the bread that can be lasted for 60 days. D. The technology needs more trials before coming to the market. 8. Which one could be a suitable title for the text? A. Watch Out for Bread Waste B. The End of the Food Waste C. Unique Bread Is on the Way D. Mould killer: A Technology Keeps Bread Fresh 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高二上·北京东城·期末）One of the major problems for scientists lies in communicating the value of research to the general public. 9 In order to communicate new scientific developments effectively, universities and research institutes now try to make press releases user-friendly. These press releases are targeted d to the general public, including information about risk as well as the limitations of a particular science study. The development of blogs has helped in bringing science closer to the public. Science bloggers generally focus on areas of science that they are both passionate and knowledgeable about. 10 And it is this that perhaps most attracts members of the public. Ed’s Popular Science, for instance, is filled d with the writer’s passion and down-to-earth attitude towards science. His chatty, youthful style attracts a wide range of readers. 11 Early pioneers include Jacques Cousteau, whose beautifully filmed documentaries opened up the oceans to millions. This quickly realised the potential of TV to make science come alive for viewers. Other science documentary films, such as the BBC TV series Wonders of the Solar System, have eagerly followed suit. 12 For example, scientists are offered video services to create online presentations of their research. Nevertheless, despite this progress, communication still remains one of science’s biggest problems. Some scientists often underestimate the importance of the ability to understand and effectively use various forms of media. 13 Perhaps it is time that universities addressed this problem, and thought about adding communications training to the curriculum. A. Television has also boosted the image of science. B. This brings science into the field of popular culture. C. They often write about science in an accessible, lively manner. D. The power of visual media via the Internet has also been used. E. There is a tendency among scientists towards old-fashioned research approach. F. Consequently, public attention and support for their research may be missed out. G. Scientific organisations have come a long way in developing ways to make science more accessible to non-specialist groups. 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高一上·黑龙江·期末）Hussam Al-Attar, a 15-year-old boy in Gaza, is able to build a device to provide electricity for the lights of the tent he is staying in with his family. Al-Attar got two fans at a market and used them to create small wind turbines (涡轮机) to produce electricity. His 14 led others in the camp where he stayed to start calling him the “Newton of Gaza”. That is 15 the English scientist, Isaac Newton. Newton is 16 his major 17 discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy more than300 years ago. A famous 18 about Newton describes how an apple falling on his head led him to discover the 19 of gravity (重力). Al-Attar and his family are staying in a tent that is 20 attached to (附着) a house. He was able to climb onto the roof to 21 the two fans, one above the other. The wind could 22 the fans, which produced small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also designed switches (开关) to 23 a lighting system made out of wood. Al-Attar tried to design the device but 24 twice, and it took him a lot of time to develop a working system. He started developing it further, bit by bit, 25 he was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent, so that the tent would have light. He was happy to be able to create something to help reduce “the suffering” of his family members. Now, he is just looking forward to the future when 26 can improve in Gaza. “People in this camp often call me the ‘Newton of Gaza’,” Al-Attar said 27 . “Because I hope to 28 my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton and creating things that will help not only the people of the Gaza Strip, but the whole world. ” 14. A. style B. invention C. fortune D. humour 15. A. different from B. separated from C. connected with D. ready for 16. A. famous for B. tired of C. free from D. careful about 17. A. political B. medical C. artistic D. scientific 18. A. warning B. plan C. promise D. story 19. A. nature B. stage C. contact D. option 20. A. suddenly B. seriously C. partly D. gradually 21. A. put away B. set up C. point to D. hand in 22. A. turn B. damage C. touch D. fly 23. A. repair B. control C. break D. memorize 24. A. applied B. calmed C. failed D. approached 25. A. after B. though C. unless D. until 26. A. schedules B. conditions C. weather D. cuisine 27. A. cheerfully B. regretfully C. sadly D. pitifully 28. A. sculpt B. exchange C. judge D. achieve 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) （24-25高三上·河北承德·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Yang Huade first arrived in Burundi, he 29 (strike) by the severe food shortages in the country.   “At that time, the residents here often have just one or two meals a day, mainly 30 (consist) of cassava (木薯) and corn. ” said Yang, who had spent the majority of his career as 31 agricultural technician in southwest China’s Sichuan Province. In 2015, at the age of 51, Yang led a teamto the East African country. Over the past eight years, Burundi’s rice yield 32 (increase) dramatically, rising from an average of three tonnes per hectare to 10. “Weak infrastructure (基础设施) 33 outdated agricultural techniques made it hard for Burundi to achieve self-sufficiency in agricultural products. ” said Yang. To solve the problem, the expert team cooperated with local departments 34 (establish) a hybrid rice demonstration production investment fund. Beyond financial support, the expert team placed 35 (emphasize) on providing technical training to farmers, 36 received training in each planting phase (阶段). “Through multiple planting cycles, farmers can 37 (steady) enhance their rice planting skills. ” said Yang. His work has not only provided 38 (effect) solutions to food shortage but has also laid the foundation for long-term agricultural growth in Burundi. 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） 39. （2024·四川眉山·一模）假定你是李华，你班本周Class Report 的主题是介绍中国为人类做出突出贡献的人物。请你写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1. 人物简介及事迹； 2. 意义或启示。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第1部分 巩固提升 选择性必修第二册 2025高二寒假作业 每天80分钟 答案解析版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. cholera n. 霍乱 2. diarrhoea n. 腹泻 3. dehydration n. 脱水 4. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 5. germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌 6. pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒 7. water pump水泵 8. household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人 9. raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 10. statistic n. [pl. -s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学 11. epidemiology n. 流行病学 12. microscope n. 显微镜 13. protein n. 蛋白质 14. cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房 15. virus n. 病毒 16. vaccine n. 疫苗 17. framework n. 框架；结构 18. theoretical framework理论框架 19. rainbow n. 彩虹 20. concrete n. 混凝土 adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 21. plasma n. 血浆 22. aerospace n. 航空航天工业 23. patriotic adj. 爱国的 24. mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的 25. mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工 26. aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行 27. jet n. 喷气式飞机 28. missile n. 导弹 29. astronomer n. 天文学家 30. astronomy n. 天文学 31. telescope n. 望远镜 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 3. suspect vt. & vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4. blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 5. handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6. link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 7. substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 8. decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 9. transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变 10. thinking n. 思想；思维；见解 11. finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 12. initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的 13. solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体 14. cast vt. (cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 15. shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处 16. pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 17. leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 18. trace vt. 追溯；追踪；查出 n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 19. outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 20. abstract adj. 抽象的；理论上的 n. (文献等的)摘要 21. concept n. 概念；观念 22. besides prep. 除……之外(还) adv. 而且；此外 23. brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 24. furthermore adv. 此外；再者 25. fault n. 弱点；过错 26. shift n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi. & vt. 转移；挪动；转向 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫败 2. infection n. 感染；传染→infect vt. 使感染；传染→infectious adj. 感染的；传染的 3. proof n. 证据；证明；检验→prove vt. 证明 link v. 证明是 4. multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi. & vt. 乘；成倍增加；繁殖 5. intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi. 干扰；介入 6. pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv. 完全地；纯粹地→purify vt. 净化；使……洁净；提纯 7. defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n. 防御；保卫；保护 8. assistant n. 助理；助手→assist vt. & vi. 帮助；协助→assistance n. 帮助；协助；援助 9. gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n. 礼物；天赋 10. steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv. 稳定地；持续地 11. vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv. 生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. once and for all最终地；彻底地 2. subscribe to同意；赞同 3. thanks to幸亏；由于 4. break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 5. in charge of主管；掌管 6. come down with患(病)；染上(小病) 7. above all最重要的是；尤其是 8. die from/of死于 9. in time及时；迟早 10. be likely to do sth 很可能做某事 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. (until引导的时间状语从句) 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 2. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. (so. . . that. . . ) 他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。 3. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. (that引导的宾语从句) 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 4. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. (It seemed that. . . 似乎……) 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 5. Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. (have sth done) 因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。 6. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk. (形容词短语作状语) 大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。 晨检得分 _______/________ · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 2. concrete n. 混凝土 adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 3. framework n. 框架；结构 4. household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所 (套) 房子的人 5. raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 6. statistic n. [pl. -s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学 7. mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工 8. protein n. 蛋白质 9. cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房 10. virus n. 病毒 Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1. 5分，共15分) 1. outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 2. subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 3. brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 4. blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 5. handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6. link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 7. decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 8. transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变 9. cast vt. 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 10. shift n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi. & vt. 转移；挪动；转向 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题2. 5分，共15分) 1. frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt. 使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n. 沮丧；懊恼；挫败 2. multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi. & vt. 乘；成倍增加；繁殖 3. pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv. 完全地；纯粹地→purify vt. 净化；使……洁净；提纯 4. assistant n. 助理；助手→assist vt. & vi. 帮助；协助→assistance n. 帮助；协助；援助 5. vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv. 生动地；逼真地；鲜明地 6. defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n. 防御；保卫；保护 Ⅳ. 拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分) 1. have. . . at heart 把……放在心上；热心于做某事 2. count on信赖；依靠；指望 3. stick up to支持；捍卫 4. betray vt. 背叛；出卖；流露 5. inform vt. 知会；通知；报告 Ⅴ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1. once and for all最终地；彻底地 2. break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 3. die from/of死于 4. in time及时；迟早 5. be likely to do sth很可能做某事 · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共15分) 1．With solid proof，the lawyer can certainly prove that he is innocent.(prove) 2．He was infected with an infectious disease and the serious infection likely claimed his life.(infect) 3．To defend her from being hurt，I must say something in her defence.(defend) 4．The gifted girl who is distributing gifts among the homeless children has a gift for many areas.(gift) 5．With steady policies，the company’s exports have been increasing steadily.(steady) 6．The problem lies in deciding when to intervene.The intervention will help settle the problem.(intervene) Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1．Unfortunately，the poor boy came down with a severe illness，which was difficult to cure. 2．All the people subscribe to the fact that Changbaishan is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals. 3．I’d like to buy a house—modern，comfortable and，above all in a quiet neighbourhood. 4．Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please? 5．Thanks to his help，my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1．我会等到他来帮我。(until引导的时间状语从句) I will wait until he come to my assistance. 2．我认为我从读英文报Youth中获益良多。(that引导的宾语从句) I think that I have benefited a lot from reading the English newspaper Youth. 3．似乎我们很难解出这个数学题。(It seemed that...) It seemed that we had great difficulty solving the math problem. 4．我是如此害怕以至于我在马背上大声地尖叫。(so...that...) I was so frightened that I screamed at the top of my voice on the back of the horse. 5．他吓得要死，不能挪动一步。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)(形容词短语作状语) He was frightened to death，unable to move an inch. 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与社会之一项名为Sora的突破性技术给好莱坞电影业带来的冲击 说明文 435 适中(0. 65) B 人与社会之一种新技术可以杀死让面包变质的霉菌 说明文 453 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与社会之科学家向公众传达研究的价值所采用的方法和取得的进步 说明文 337 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之加沙男孩Hussam Al-Attar发明了小型风力涡轮机来发电 说明文 552 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与社会之杨华德带领一支中国农业专家团队前往东非国家布隆迪 说明文 210 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 发言稿 介绍中国为人类做出突出贡献的人物 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （2024·全国·高二期中）In recent news, it has been reported that Hollywood executives have decided to cancel an $800 million investment in a new studio. This decision comes after the emergence of a groundbreaking technology called Sora, which has sent shock waves throughout the film industry. Sora, developed by OpenAI, has quickly become a focus of discussion within Hollywood. Unlike previous AI video generators, Sora has the ability to generate one-minute-long videos based on textual prompts (提示符) while maintaining visual quality and consistency. It can switch between shots, adjust compositions and accurately combine video content with relevant background themes, resulting in incredibly realistic and immersive videos. The introduction of Sora is just the beginning of a shocking shift in the film industry. Its ability to generate high-quality videos based on textual prompts raises questions about the future of traditional movie-making processes. The potential to replace certain job roles and disturb the livelihoods of some individuals is just a small part of the overall impact. Looking ahead, the innovation of productivity tools and the potential for smaller teams to create Hollywood-level movies at a lower cost may completely transform the way films are produced. This shift could bring about new production methods, viewing experiences, and even business models within the film and entertainment industry. This breakthrough technology has raised concerns within the film industry, as it has the potential to disturb the traditional movie production process and cause certain job roles’ losses. However, this technology also presents opportunities for innovation and cost-effective production methods. The film industry is on the edge of a transformative era, and only time will tell how Sora and similar technologies will shape its future. It likely won’t be long before audiences get to see film productions made with Sora. It can be stated with certainty that the film industry has entered a new era of rapid development in AI technology. 1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The impact of Sora. B. The concern about Sora. C. The potential of Sora. D. The advantage of Sora. 2. What will be challenged by Sora in the film industry? A. Textual creation. B. Individual investment. C. Relevant job chances. D. Video content development. 3. In what aspects does Sora influence the film industry? A. Culture and business models. B. Film production cost and methods. C. Function and viewing experiences. D. Innovation and background themes. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward Sora? A. Objective. B. Dismissive. C. Favorable. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】科学技术 、说明文 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项名为Sora的突破性技术给好莱坞电影业带来的冲击及其前景。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Sora, developed by OpenAI, has quickly become a focus of discussion within Hollywood. Unlike previous AI video generators, Sora has the ability to generate one-minute-long videos based on textual prompts (提示符) while maintaining visual quality and consistency. It can switch between shots, adjust compositions and accurately combine video content with relevant background themes, resulting in incredibly realistic and immersive videos. (由OpenAI开发的Sora迅速成为好莱坞内部讨论的焦点。与之前的人工智能视频生成器不同，Sora能够根据文本提示生成一分钟长的视频，同时保持视觉质量和一致性。它可以在镜头之间切换，调整构图，准确地将视频内容与相关背景主题相结合，从而产生令人难以置信的逼真和身临其境的视频。)”可知，本段主要介绍了Sora的优势。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The potential to replace certain job roles and disturb the livelihoods of some individuals is just a small part of the overall impact. (取代某些工作角色和扰乱某些人生计的可能性只是整体影响的一小部分。)”和最后一段“This breakthrough technology has raised concerns within the film industry, as it has the potential to disturb the traditional movie production process and cause certain job roles’ losses. (这项突破性的技术引起了电影行业的关注，因为它有可能扰乱传统的电影制作过程，并导致某些工作岗位的流失。)”可知，Sora的出现可能会取代某些工作角色并扰乱一部分人的生计，与电影产业相关的某些工作岗位可能将被取代或消失，即电影产业的相关工作机会面临挑战。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Looking ahead, the innovation of productivity tools and the potential for smaller teams to create Hollywood-level movies at a lower cost may completely transform the way films are produced. (展望未来，生产力工具的创新和小团队以更低成本制作好莱坞级电影的潜力可能会彻底改变电影的制作方式。)”和最后一段“However, this technology also presents opportunities for innovation and cost-effective production methods. (然而，这项技术也为创新和具有成本效益的生产方法提供了机会。)”可知，电影产业的成本和制作方式会受到Sora的影响。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This breakthrough technology has raised concerns within the film industry, as it has the potential to disturb the traditional movie production process and cause certain job roles’ losses. However, this technology also presents opportunities for innovation and cost-effective production methods. The film industry is on the edge of a transformative era, and only time will tell how Sora and similar technologies will shape its future. It likely won’t be long before audiences get to see film productions made with Sora. It can be stated with certainty that the film industry has entered a new era of rapid development in AI technology. (这项突破性的技术引起了电影行业的关注，因为它有可能扰乱传统的电影制作过程，并导致某些工作岗位的流失。然而，这项技术也为创新和具有成本效益的生产方法提供了机会。电影行业正处于变革时代的边缘，只有时间才能告诉我们Sora和类似的技术将如何塑造它的未来。也许用不了多久，观众就能看到用Sora制作的电影了。可以肯定地说，电影行业已经进入了人工智能技术快速发展的新时代。)”可知，作者认为Sora给电影行业带来了很大的冲击，但同时也带来了机遇，电影行业已进入人工智能技术快速发展的新时代。由此可推知，作者对Sora持客观的态度。故选A项。 B （24-25高一下·云南昭通·期末）An American company has developed a new technique to make bread stay fresh for 60 days. Scientists found that a kind of mould (霉菌) caused bread to go bad. The new technique kills the mould and keeps the food for longer time. This means there will be less waste of food in the world in future. Food waste is a big problem in most developed countries. In the US, an average family throws away 40% of the food they buy, which adds up to $ 165 bn every year, about 330 million tons in weight. Bread takes a larger part. In the UK, 32% of the bread they buy is thrown away as waste when they can still be eaten. The bread usually goes mouldy (发霉的) in around 10 days, but the American company says the new technique will keep the bread free from mould for two months. “We treated a piece of bread in a special machine. At 60 days it had the same amount of mould as it was first made,” says Mr. Stull, the leader of the company. Although there are a lot of bread makers interested in the new technique, few customers like the idea. They say they don’t think a piece of bread which lasts for 60 days tastes good. “We’ll have to make our customers accept the idea. But it will take some time,” says Mr. Stull. 5. How does the new technique work? A. By changing the way of making bread. B. By adding some ingredients to make bread tasty. C. By gathering more mould to better keep bread safe to eat. D. By killing the mould and keeping bread fresh for a longer time. 6. What do the figures show in paragraph 3? A. Bread waste in the US is the most severe. B. 32% of bread waste in the UK is unavoidable. C. The number of bread waste is alarming in some developed countries. D. Developing countries should do something to reduce food waste. 7. What can be inferred from Mr. Stull’s words? A. All of bread makers has adopted the technology. B. It will take time for customers to accept the new technology. C. No customers like the bread that can be lasted for 60 days. D. The technology needs more trials before coming to the market. 8. Which one could be a suitable title for the text? A. Watch Out for Bread Waste B. The End of the Food Waste C. Unique Bread Is on the Way D. Mould killer: A Technology Keeps Bread Fresh 【答案】5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 【难度】0. 85 【知识点】说明文、发明与创造 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一家公司发明了一种新技术，这种新技术可以杀死让面包变质的霉菌，从而可以让面包保鲜60天。文章进一步说明了这种技术的积极意义，但是让消费者接受这个技术还需要一段时间。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“An American company has developed a new technique to make bread stay fresh for 60 days. (一家美国公司开发了一种新技术，可以使面包保鲜60天)”及第二段“Scientists found that a kind of mould (霉菌) caused bread to go bad. The new technique kills the mould and keeps the food for longer time. This means there will be less waste of food in the world in future. (科学家发现一种霉菌使面包变坏。这项新技术可以杀死霉菌，延长食物的保存时间。这意味着将来世界上的食物浪费将会减少)”可知，这种新技术杀死使面包变质的霉菌，从而延长面包的保鲜期。故选D。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In the UK, 32% of the bread they buy is thrown away as waste when they can still be eaten. (在英国，人们购买的面包中有32%在还可以吃的时候被当作垃圾扔掉了)”可知，在一些发达国家，面包浪费的数量令人震惊。故选C。 7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’ll have to make our customers accept the idea. But it will take some time,” says Mr. Stull. (“我们必须让我们的客户接受这个想法。但这需要一些时间，”斯塔尔说)”可知，顾客接受这项新技术需要时间。故选B。 8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“An American company has developed a new technique to make bread stay fresh for 60 days. (一家美国公司开发了一种新技术，可以使面包保鲜60天)”结合文章介绍了美国一家公司发明了一种新技术，这种新技术可以杀死让面包变质的霉菌，从而可以让面包保鲜60天。文章进一步说明了这种技术的积极意义，但是让消费者接受这个技术还需要一段时间。故D选项“霉菌杀手：一种保持面包新鲜的技术”最符合文章标题。故选D。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高二上·北京东城·期末）One of the major problems for scientists lies in communicating the value of research to the general public. 9 In order to communicate new scientific developments effectively, universities and research institutes now try to make press releases user-friendly. These press releases are targeted d to the general public, including information about risk as well as the limitations of a particular science study. The development of blogs has helped in bringing science closer to the public. Science bloggers generally focus on areas of science that they are both passionate and knowledgeable about. 10 And it is this that perhaps most attracts members of the public. Ed’s Popular Science, for instance, is filled d with the writer’s passion and down-to-earth attitude towards science. His chatty, youthful style attracts a wide range of readers. 11 Early pioneers include Jacques Cousteau, whose beautifully filmed documentaries opened up the oceans to millions. This quickly realised the potential of TV to make science come alive for viewers. Other science documentary films, such as the BBC TV series Wonders of the Solar System, have eagerly followed suit. 12 For example, scientists are offered video services to create online presentations of their research. Nevertheless, despite this progress, communication still remains one of science’s biggest problems. Some scientists often underestimate the importance of the ability to understand and effectively use various forms of media. 13 Perhaps it is time that universities addressed this problem, and thought about adding communications training to the curriculum. A. Television has also boosted the image of science. B. This brings science into the field of popular culture. C. They often write about science in an accessible, lively manner. D. The power of visual media via the Internet has also been used. E. There is a tendency among scientists towards old-fashioned research approach. F. Consequently, public attention and support for their research may be missed out. G. Scientific organisations have come a long way in developing ways to make science more accessible to non-specialist groups. 【答案】9. G 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. F 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】科学精神、社会问题与社会现象 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家向公众传达研究的价值所采用的方法和取得的进步。 9. 上文“One of the major problems for scientists lies in communicating the value of research to the general public. (科学家面临的主要问题之一是向公众传达研究的价值。)”和下文“In order to communicate new scientific developments effectively, universities and research institutes now try to make press releases user-friendly. (为了有效地传播新的科学发展，大学和研究机构现在试图使新闻稿对用户友好。)”说明科学家在向公众（即非专业群体）传达研究的价值方面已经取得了进步，选项“G. 科学组织在发展使非专业群体更容易获得科学的方法方面已经取得了长足的进步。”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项。 10. 上文“The development of blogs has helped in bringing science closer to the public. Science bloggers generally focus on areas of science that they are both passionate and knowledgeable about. (博客的发展有助于拉近科学与公众的距离。科学博主通常关注他们既感兴趣又有知识的科学领域。)”说明科学博主想办法拉近科学与公众的距离，选项“C. 他们经常用通俗易懂、生动活泼的方式写科学。”承接上文，说明他们的具体做法。故选C项。 11. 下文“Early pioneers include Jacques Cousteau, whose beautifully filmed documentaries opened up the oceans to millions. This quickly realised the potential of TV to make science come alive for viewers. (早期的开拓者包括雅克·库斯托，他拍摄的精美纪录片为数百万人打开了海洋的大门。这很快意识到电视的潜力，使科学为观众生动起来。)”说明电视使科学生动起来，选项“A. 电视也提升了科学的形象。”引领下文，符合题意。故选A项。 12. 下文“For example, scientists are offered video services to create online presentations of their research. (例如，为科学家提供视频服务来创建他们研究的在线演示。)”举例说明互联网位科学家提供在线服务，选项“D. 通过互联网的视觉媒体的力量也被利用了。”引领下文，说明互联网也被利用起来。故选D项。 13. 上文“Some scientists often underestimate the importance of the ability to understand and effectively use various forms of media. (一些科学家常常低估了理解和有效使用各种形式媒体的能力的重要性。)”说明一些科学家不能有效使用各种形式媒体，选项“F. 因此，公众对他们的研究的关注和支持可能会被错过。”和上文之间是因果关系，这样就造成公众对研究的关注和支持的错过。故选F项。 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高一上·黑龙江·期末）Hussam Al-Attar, a 15-year-old boy in Gaza, is able to build a device to provide electricity for the lights of the tent he is staying in with his family. Al-Attar got two fans at a market and used them to create small wind turbines (涡轮机) to produce electricity. His 14 led others in the camp where he stayed to start calling him the “Newton of Gaza”. That is 15 the English scientist, Isaac Newton. Newton is 16 his major 17 discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy more than300 years ago. A famous 18 about Newton describes how an apple falling on his head led him to discover the 19 of gravity (重力). Al-Attar and his family are staying in a tent that is 20 attached to (附着) a house. He was able to climb onto the roof to 21 the two fans, one above the other. The wind could 22 the fans, which produced small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also designed switches (开关) to 23 a lighting system made out of wood. Al-Attar tried to design the device but 24 twice, and it took him a lot of time to develop a working system. He started developing it further, bit by bit, 25 he was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent, so that the tent would have light. He was happy to be able to create something to help reduce “the suffering” of his family members. Now, he is just looking forward to the future when 26 can improve in Gaza. “People in this camp often call me the ‘Newton of Gaza’,” Al-Attar said 27 . “Because I hope to 28 my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton and creating things that will help not only the people of the Gaza Strip, but the whole world. ” 14. A. style B. invention C. fortune D. humour 15. A. different from B. separated from C. connected with D. ready for 16. A. famous for B. tired of C. free from D. careful about 17. A. political B. medical C. artistic D. scientific 18. A. warning B. plan C. promise D. story 19. A. nature B. stage C. contact D. option 20. A. suddenly B. seriously C. partly D. gradually 21. A. put away B. set up C. point to D. hand in 22. A. turn B. damage C. touch D. fly 23. A. repair B. control C. break D. memorize 24. A. applied B. calmed C. failed D. approached 25. A. after B. though C. unless D. until 26. A. schedules B. conditions C. weather D. cuisine 27. A. cheerfully B. regretfully C. sadly D. pitifully 28. A. sculpt B. exchange C. judge D. achieve 【答案】 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. D 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】发明与创造 、记叙文、生活故事 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了15岁的加沙男孩Hussam Al-Attar发明了小型风力涡轮机来发电，他的发明使他所在营地的其他人开始称他为“加沙的牛顿”。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的发明使他所在营地的其他人开始称他为“加沙的牛顿”。A. style风格；B. invention发明；C. fortune运气；D. humour幽默。根据上文“Hussam Al-Attar, a 15-year-old boy in Gaza, is able to build a device to provide electricity for the lights of the tent he is staying in with his family. Al-Attar got two fans at a market and used them to create small wind turbines to produce electricity. (15岁的加沙男孩Hussam Al-Attar能够制造一个设备，为他和家人住的帐篷的灯供电。Al-Attar在市场上买了两个风扇，并用它们制造了小型风力涡轮机来发电)”指他发明了风力涡轮机的发明。故选B。 15. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：这与英国科学家艾萨克·牛顿有关。A. different from不同于；B. separated from分离；C. connected with与……联系；D. ready for为……准备。根据上文“calling him the “Newton of Gaza”. ”可知，这个称号与英国科学家艾萨克·牛顿有关。故选C。 16. 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：300多年前，牛顿因在物理学、数学和天文学领域的重大科学发现而闻名。A. famous for以……而闻名；B. tired of厌倦；C. free from摆脱；D. careful about对……小心谨慎。根据后文“discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy”指牛顿因为物理学、数学和天文学领域的重大科学发现而闻名。故选A。 17. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：300多年前，牛顿因在物理学、数学和天文学领域的重大科学发现而闻名。A. political政治的；B. medical医学的；C. artistic艺术的；D. scientific科学的。根据上文“the English scientist, Isaac Newton”以及后文“in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy”可知，牛顿因在物理学、数学和天文学领域的重大科学发现而闻名。故选D。 18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个关于牛顿的著名故事描述了一个苹果落在他的头上如何使他发现了万有引力的本质。A. warning警告；B. plan计划；C. promise承诺；D. story故事。根据后文“how an apple falling on his head led him to discover”可知，牛顿发现万有引力是其中一个著名的故事。故选D。 19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个关于牛顿的著名故事描述了一个苹果落在他的头上如何使他发现了万有引力的本质。A. nature本质；B. stage阶段；C. contact联系；D. option选择。根据后文“of gravity”指发现了万有引力的本质。故选A。 20. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Al-Attar和他的家人住在一个部分与房子相连的帐篷里。A. suddenly突然地；B. seriously严肃地；C. partly部分地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据后文“attached to a house”指这个帐篷部分与房子相连。故选C。 21. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他爬上屋顶，把两个扇叶搭建并且叠起来。A. put away收起；B. set up建立；C. point to指向；D. hand in上交。根据后文“the two fans, one above the other”可知，他爬上屋顶，把两个扇叶搭建并且叠起来。故选B。 22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：风可以转动风扇，产生少量的电力。A. turn转弯，转动；B. damage破坏；C. touch触碰；D. fly飞。根据上文“The wind could”指风力可以转动风扇，用turn。故选A。 23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Al-Attar还设计了开关来控制由木头制成的照明系统。A. repair修理；B. control控制；C. break打破；D. memorize记忆。根据上文“Al-Attar also designed switches to”可知，开关主要是用来控制照明系统的。故选B。 24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Al-Attar试图设计这个装置，但是失败了两次，他花了很多时间来开发一个工作系统。A. applied申请；B. calmed使平静；C. failed失败；D. approached靠近。根据上文“Al-Attar tried to design the device but”以及下文“it took him a lot of time to develop a working system. ”可知，说明失败了两次，需要改进。故选C。 25. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他开始一点一点地进一步发展，直到他能够将电线穿过房间延伸到帐篷，这样帐篷就有光了。A. after在……之后；B. though虽然；C. unless除非；D. until直到。引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”应用until。故选D。 26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，他只是期待加沙局势能够改善的未来。A. schedules时间表；B. conditions局势，条件；C. weather天气；D. cuisine烹饪。根据上文“He was happy to be able to create something to help reduce “the suffering” of his family members. (他很高兴能够创造一些东西来帮助减轻家人的“痛苦”)”可知，家人生活痛苦，所以他期待加沙局势能够改善。故选B。 27. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“难民营里的人经常叫我‘加沙的牛顿’，”阿塔尔高兴地说。A. cheerfully高兴地；B. regretfully后悔地；C. sadly悲伤地；D. pitifully可怜地。根据后文“becoming a scientist like Newton”可知，他想要成为像牛顿一样的科学家，所以人们这么叫他，他很高兴。故选A。 28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“因为我希望实现我的梦想，成为像牛顿一样的科学家，创造出不仅能帮助加沙地带人民，而且能帮助全世界的东西。”A. sculpt雕刻；B. exchange交换；C. judge判断；D. achieve实现。根据后文“my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton”指实现梦想，成为像牛顿一样的科学家，故选D。 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) （24-25高三上·河北承德·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Yang Huade first arrived in Burundi, he 29 (strike) by the severe food shortages in the country.   “At that time, the residents here often have just one or two meals a day, mainly 30 (consist) of cassava (木薯) and corn. ” said Yang, who had spent the majority of his career as 31 agricultural technician in southwest China’s Sichuan Province. In 2015, at the age of 51, Yang led a teamto the East African country. Over the past eight years, Burundi’s rice yield 32 (increase) dramatically, rising from an average of three tonnes per hectare to 10. “Weak infrastructure (基础设施) 33 outdated agricultural techniques made it hard for Burundi to achieve self-sufficiency in agricultural products. ” said Yang. To solve the problem, the expert team cooperated with local departments 34 (establish) a hybrid rice demonstration production investment fund. Beyond financial support, the expert team placed 35 (emphasize) on providing technical training to farmers, 36 received training in each planting phase (阶段). “Through multiple planting cycles, farmers can 37 (steady) enhance their rice planting skills. ” said Yang. His work has not only provided 38 (effect) solutions to food shortage but has also laid the foundation for long-term agricultural growth in Burundi. 【答案】 29. was struck 30. consisting 31. an 32. has increased 33. and 34. to establish 35. emphasis 36. who 37. steadily 38. effective 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】科学家 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是2015年，51岁的杨华德带领一支中国农业专家团队前往东非国家布隆迪。他的工作不仅为粮食短缺提供了有效的解决方案，而且为布隆迪的长期农业发展奠定了基础。 29. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：杨华德刚到布隆迪时，被该国严重的粮食短缺所震惊。由句意空处应填谓语动词，由When Yang Huade first arrived in Burundi可知动作发生在过去，且he与strike之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态， be struck by“被……所震惊”，be动词使用was。故填was struck。 30. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“那时候，这里的居民通常一天只吃一两顿饭，主要是木薯和玉米。” 杨说，他的大部分职业生涯都是在中国西南部的四川省做农业技术人员。空处应填非谓语动词，two meals与consist of之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填consisting。 31. 考查冠词。句意：“那时候，这里的居民通常一天只吃一两顿饭，主要是木薯和玉米，”杨说，他的大部分职业生涯都是在中国西南部的四川省做农业技术人员。由句意，此处指杨是一名农业技术人员，形容词agricultural为元音音素开头，应用不定冠词 an。故填an。 32. 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的八年中，布隆迪的水稻产量大幅增加，从平均每公顷3吨增加到10吨。空处应填谓语动词，由时间状语Over the past years可知此处应用现在完成时，且主语为Burundi’s rice yield，助动词使用has。故填has increased。 33. 考查连词。句意：杨说：“薄弱的基础设施和过时的农业技术使得布隆迪很难实现农产品的自给自足。”Weak infrastructure (基础设施)与outdated agricultural techniques为并列主语，应用并列连词and。故填and。 34. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为解决这一问题，专家组与当地有关部门合作，设立了杂交水稻示范生产投资基金。由句意此处应填不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to establish。 35. 考查名词。句意：除了资金支持，专家组还注重对农民进行技术培训，农民在每个种植阶段都要接受培训。place emphasis on“重视”，固定搭配。故填emphasis。 36. 考查定语从句。句意：除了资金支持，专家组还注重对农民进行技术培训，农民在每个种植阶段都要接受培训。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为farmers，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。 37. 考查副词。句意：“通过多次种植周期，农民可以稳步提高他们的水稻种植技术。”杨说。此处应填副词形式steadily“稳步地”，修饰动词 enhance。故填steadily。 38. 考查形容词。句意：他的工作不仅为粮食短缺问题提供了有效的解决办法，而且为布隆迪的长期农业增长奠定了基础。由句意此处为“有效的解决措施”，应用形容词形式effective，作定语，修饰名词solutions。故填effective。 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） 39. （2024·四川眉山·一模）假定你是李华，你班本周Class Report 的主题是介绍中国为人类做出突出贡献的人物。请你写一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1. 人物简介及事迹； 2. 意义或启示。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear Class, Today, I’d like to introduce Tu Youyou, a renowned Chinese scientist, who is best known for discovering artemisinin, a groundbreaking drug used to treat malaria. Her discovery has saved millions of lives worldwide, especially in developing countries. In 2015, she became the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Tu Youyou’s achievement was the result of years of dedication and perseverance. She drew inspiration from ancient Chinese medicine and combined it with modern scientific methods, showing the value of both tradition and innovation in research. Her story teaches us the importance of persistence and creativity in solving global challenges. Tu Youyou’s work is a reminder that science can improve lives and that anyone can make a significant contribution to the world. Thank you. 【难度】0. 4 【知识点】科学家 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇发言稿，介绍中国为人类做出突出贡献的人物。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 ①被人熟知，著名：be best known →be famous for ②成就：achievement →accomplishment ③奉献：dedication → devotion ④创新：creativity →originality 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Her discovery has saved millions of lives worldwide, especially in developing countries. 拓展句：Her discovery has saved millions of lives worldwide, especially in developing countries, which turns out to be a great progress in history. 【点睛】【高分句型1】She drew inspiration from ancient Chinese medicine and combined it with modern scientific methods, showing the value of both tradition and innovation in research. (运用了非谓语动词作状语) 【高分句型2】Tu Youyou’s work is a reminder that science can improve lives and that anyone can make a significant contribution to the world. (运用了that引导同位语从句) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$