寒假精品分层讲义第1讲 Unit1 预习&代词语法专题 2024-2025学年沪教版英语七年级上册

七年级上学期英语寒假精品分层讲义第1讲：7BUnit1预习&代词专题 【学习目标】 1.新教材7B Unit1单词及短语梳理 2.代词语法掌握 3.巩固及习题 【课前热身】 词性转换基础题 1.He told me to enter the library ________.(silence) 【答案】silently 【详解】句意：他告诉我要安静地进入图书馆。此空为副词修饰动词，silence为名词，复数为silently，表示“安静地”。故填silently。 2.Tom kept ________ about the accident in order not to lose his job. (silence) 【答案】silent 【详解】句意：汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉工作。keep“保持”，系动词，后加形容词作表语；silence“沉默”，名词，对应的形容词是silent“沉默的”，形容词。故填silent。 3.A large number of people become ________ because of the war. (home) 【答案】homeless 【详解】句意：由于战争，许多人无家可归。空处应该用形容词作表语，根据“because of the war”可知，此处是指“无家可归的”，用homeless表示。故填homeless。 4. Can you see quite a few _______ flying around the flowers? (butterfly) 【答案】butterflies 【详解】句意：你能看到不少蝴蝶在花周围飞舞吗？a few后接名词复数。故填butterflies。 名校提高题 1.He didn’t exercise for a long time, and only 5 flights of stairs left him ________.(breathe) 【答案】breathless 【详解】句意：他很长一段时间没有锻炼，仅仅5层楼梯就让他喘不过气来。根据“He didn’t exercise for a long time”可知，没锻炼，所以爬楼会气喘吁吁，用“breathless气喘吁吁的”作宾语补足语，故填breathless。 2.With his ________, I had confidence in myself and started over. (encourage) 【答案】encouragement 【详解】句意：在他的鼓励下，我对自己有了信心，重新开始。his后接名词，encourage的名词形式encouragement，意为“鼓励”，不可数名词。故填encouragement。 3.The wooden bridge is 100 metres long and 40 metres___________. (widely) 【答案】wide 【解析】句意：这座木桥有100米长，40米宽。 widely广泛地，是一个副词。根据句意可知，这句话说的是这座桥的长度和宽度，应用数字+形容词形式。故这里应填wide。 4.The Smiths have ________ to go to Paris for sightseeing and fun. (decision) 【答案】decided 【详解】句意：史密斯一家决定去巴黎观光娱乐。分析句子可知空处是谓语动词，decision是名词，动词是decide，have后加过去分词构成现在完成时。故填decided。 代词基础题 1. Students will have more trips to _________ places next term. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 【答案】A 【解析】other+可数名词复数=others，others后面不能加名词。another+可数名词单数。可知选A. 2. David is happy because his little daughter can brush her teeth _______. A. she B. hers C. her D. herself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：大卫很高兴，因为他的小女儿能自己刷牙了。 考查代词辨析。she她，主格；hers她的，名词性物主代词；her她的，形容词性物主代词；herself她自己。根据“David is happy because his little daughter can brush her teeth...”可知，他的小女儿能自己刷牙了，用反身代词形式，故选D。 3.I met a lot of friends at the party, such as Bob who is a friend of ________. A．me B．mine C．myself D．I 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在派对上，我遇到很多朋友，例如Bob就是我的一个朋友。 考查代词辨析。me我，人称代词宾格；mine我的，名词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词；I我，人称代词主格。根据“ a friend of”可知此处是名词of格，此空用名词性物主代词mine代替。故选B。 4.To keep healthy, you should eat ________ crisps and have ________ water. A．fewer, more B．less, more C．more, less D．fewer, less 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，你应该少吃薯片，多喝水。 考查形容词比较级。fewer更少的，修饰可数名词复数；more更多的，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词；less更少的，修饰不可数名词。根据常识可知，为了健康，应该少吃薯片多喝水，crisps是可数名词复数，故用fewer修饰，water是不可数名词，故用more修饰。故选A。 5.The only child in the family should learn to thinks of ________ more. A. others B. other C. the other D. another 【答案】A 【详解】句意：家中的独生子女应该学会多为别人着想。 考查代词。others其他的人或物，本身是复数；other其他的，后面需用名词复数；the other两者中的另一个；another三者或以上中的另一个。根据“thinks of... more”可知，此处表示多为他人着想。故选A。 6. ________ of your answers is right. Please try a third time. A. Neither B. None C. Either D. Both 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你的两个回答都不正确。请再试第三次。 考查代词辨析。Neither（两者）都不；None（三者及以上）都不；Either（两者）任意一个；Both两者都。根据“Please try a third time.”可知，建议试第三次，说明前面两个答案都是错的。故选A。 7._____of the twin brothers works as an engineer.（　　） A．All B．Both C．Neither D．Every 【分析】这对双胞胎兄弟都不是工程师。 【解答】All（三者以上）全部；Both两者都（谓语用复数）；Neither（两者）都不；Every（三者以上）每个。根据twin brothers"双胞胎兄弟"，及谓语动词第三人称单数形式works，可知，用Neither。故选：C。 【点评】分析选项不定代词意思及用法，结合语境，找到关键词，选择合适答案。 名校提高题 1.The game broke the ice and helped everyone in the room know _______ better. A. some other B. another C. the other D. each other 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个游戏打破了沉寂并且加深了班级的每一个人对彼此的了解。 考查与other有关的一些短语。没有some other，只有some… other…（一些……另一些……）；another是指三者或三者以上中的另一个；the other是指两者中的另一个；each other是彼此，互相。故选D。 2.You should learn to protect yourself. _________ is more important than life. A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你应该学会保护自己。没有什么比生命更重要。 考查代词辨析。Nothing没有什么；Something一些事；Everything每件事；Anything任何事。根据“...is more important than life.”可知，此处A选项“Nothing”符合语境，意为“没有什么比生命更重要”。故选A。 3.Don’t let the girl play with knives. She may hurt __________. A. yourself B. myself C. herself D. himself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要让那个女孩玩刀子。她可能会伤到自己。 考查反身代词。yourself你自己；myself我自己；herself她自己；himself他自己。根据“She may hurt”可知，此处指伤到“她自己”，故选C。 4.Some young people go to _________ city to work for a better life. A. another B. other C. the other D. others 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一些年轻人为了更好的生活去另一个城市工作。 考查代词辨析。another（三者或三者以上中的）另一个；other另外的，后跟可数名词复数；the other（两者中的）另一个；others其他人/物，等于“other+名词复数”。空后的city是可数名词单数，故排除B、D；根据句意可知，此处是指多个城市中的另外一个，所以用another。故选A。 5.Tom tried several ways to avoid catching the flu, but ________ worked. A. both B. all C. neither D. none 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆尝试了几种方法来避免感染流感，但都不起作用。 考查代词。both两者都；all全部；neither两者都不；none三者或三者以上都不。根据转折连词but，可知是都不起作用，根据“several ways”可知需要用none来表否定，故选D。 6.I came to Shanghai just a few days ago. I know ________ about the city. A. little B. many C. few D. much 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我几天前才来上海。我对这座城市知之甚少。 考查代词。little少，修饰不可数名词；many许多，修饰可数名词；few少，修饰可数名词；much多，修饰不可数名词。根据“I came to Shanghai just a few days ago.”可知对这座城市知之甚少，know little about“对……知之甚少”。故选A。 7. —Are there any new movies on in the cinema? —The two cartoon films the Snow Queen and the Princess 5 and Kung Fu Panda 4. You may choose ________ of them to watch. A. all B. none C. either D. neither 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——电影院正在上映新电影吗？ ——两部动画片《冰雪女王与公主》和《功夫熊猫》。你可以选择其中之一观看。 考查代词辨析。all(三者以上)全部都；none(三者以上)全都不；either(两者之中)任意一个都可以；neither(两者之中)任意一个都不行。根据“You may choose…of them to watch.”可推测，此处指对方建议可以选择这两部中的其中一部观看。故选C。 8.When the two brothers worked on this invention, __________ of them were about 30 years old. A. none B. all C. both D. either 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当两兄弟从事这项发明时，他们都大约30岁。 考查不定代词。 none三者或三者以上都不；all三者或三者以上都； both二者都；either两者其一。根据“When the two brothers...30 years old.”，可知此处两者都，表肯定含义，用both。故选C。 【知识梳理】 上海新教材七下英语单元目录 Unit 1 Music Unit 2 Language and communication Unit 3 A helping hand Unit 4 Honesty Unit 5 Wild animals Unit 6 Trees Unit 1 Music词汇词组练习 1.重点单词 音标 单词 词性 中文释义 1./fəʊk/ folk n. 民间音乐 2./rɒk/ rock n. 摇滚乐 3./ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ download v. 下载 4./θiːm/ theme n. (乐曲的)主题；主旋律 5./ˈbjuːti/ beauty n. 美；美丽 6./ˈmelədi/ melody n. 旋律；曲调 7./ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ unknown adj. 不出名的 8./mjuˈzɪʃn/ musician n. 音乐家 9./ˈklæsɪkl/ classical adj. 古典的；经典的 10./ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti/ popularity n. 流行 11./ʃəʊ/ show n. 表演；演出 12./swiːt/ sweet adj. 甜美的；悦耳的 13./ˈtʃærəti/ charity n. 慈善 14./reɪz/ raise v. 提升；筹集 15./tʃuːz/ choose v. 挑选 16./ˈæktʃuəli/ actually adv. 的确；真实地；事实上 17./ˈkɔːrəs/ chorus n. 合唱团 18./ˈhəʊmləs/ homeless adj. 无家的 19./ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ interesting adj. 有趣的 20./ˈprefrəns/ preference n. 偏爱；偏好 21./ʃaɪ/ shy adj. 羞怯的；腼腆的 22./briːð/ breathe v. 呼吸 23./ˈstʌtə(r)/ stutter n.&v. 口吃；结巴 24./ˈrɪðəm/ rhythm n. 节奏 25./ˈsmuːðli/ smoothly adv. 连续而流畅地 26./ˈsaɪlənt/ silent adj. 不说话的；沉默的 27./ədˈvaɪz/ advise v. 劝告；忠告；建议 28./ˈkɑːmli/ calmly adv. 沉着地 29./dɪˈsaɪd/ decide v. 决定 30./ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ encourage v. 鼓励 31./ɡeɪn/ gain v. 获得；增加；增添 32./θruː/ through prep. 通过 33./ˈsəʊləʊ/ solo adv. 单独地 n. 独唱 34./ˈfriːli/ freely adv. 自由地 35./ˈmædʒɪk/ magic n. 魔力 36./rɪˈlæks/ relax v. 放松；休息 37./ədˈvaɪs/ advice n. 劝告；忠告；建议 38./dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ discover v. 发现 39./ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ confidence n. 信心；信任 40./dɪˈskraɪb/ describe v. 描述 41./ˈɒfə(r)/ offer v. 主动提出；自愿给与 42./ˈwaɪdli/ widely adv. 普遍地；广泛地 43./ˈspɪrɪt/ spirit n. 精神；心灵 44./ˈæθliːt/ athlete n. 运动员 45./ˈpaʊəfl/ powerful adj. 强有力的 46./ˈpleɪlɪst/ playlist n. 音乐播放清单 47./ˌrekəˈmend/ recommend v. 推荐 48./ˈpɒpjələ(r)/ popular adj. 流行的 49./beɪs/ base v. 以...为基础 50./ˈmæri/ marry v. 将...许配给... 51./ˈnɒvl/ novel n. 小说 52./ˈmɒdn/ modern adj. 现代化的 53./ˈprɪzn/ prison n. 监狱 54./rɪˈfjuːz / refuse v. 拒绝 55./ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ butterfly n. 蝴蝶 56./ˈtjuːtə(r)/ tutor n. 家庭教师 57./ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ meaningful adj. 有重大意义的 58./trəˈdɪʃənl/ traditional adj. 传统的 2.重点词组表达 第一组 1.电台 a radio station 2.最知名的作品 the best-known work 3.民歌 a folk song 4.敲门 knock on/at the door 5.变成聋子 go deaf 6.给人们带来快乐 bring joy to people 7.这旋律听起来不错。The melody sounds nice. 8.这乐曲在全世界都很有名。The music piece is well-known around the world, 9.你可以想象到白色的花和美丽的女孩。 You can picture the white flowers and beautiful girls. 10.这首交响乐主要讲述的是人们如何与生活中的困难做斗争。 The symphony is about how people fight against difficulties in life. 第二组 1.古典音乐 classical music 2.核实 check out 3.看上去很有趣 look interesting 4.慈善演出 charity show 5.筹集资金 raise money 6.流浪动物 homeless animals 7.这里有三场音乐演出。Here are three music shows. 8.你想和我一起去吗？Would you like to go with me? 9.这很难选。It's hard to choose. 10.老师问我们对春游活动有什么想法。 The teacher asked us what we had in mind for the spring outing activities. 第三组 1.一个三岁的男孩 a three-year-old boy 2.过去常常做某事 used to do something 3.开始说话 begin/start speaking/to speak 4.努力尝试 try hard 5.保持安静 keep silent 6.建议做某事 advise/suggest doing something 7.决定做某事 decide to do something 8.鼓励某人做某事 encourage somebody to do something 9.感到害羞 feel shy 10.他的话没有流畅地说出来。His words didn't come out smoothly. 第四组 1.号召某人做某事 call on somebody to do something 2.最热门的三首歌 the most popular three songs 3.在歌单上 on the playlist 4.最伟大的歌曲之一 one of the greatest songs 5.而且 what's more 6.被广泛使用 be widely used 7.团队精神 team spirit 8.运动项目 sports events 9.一段强有力的旋律 a strong/powerful melody 10.每次听这首歌,我都想去跟着唱。Every time I listen to the song, I want to sing along. 第五组 1.一部著名的音乐剧 a famous musical 2.拒绝做某事 refuse to do something 3.变成一对蝴蝶 turn into a pair of butterflies 4.以……为基础 be based on 5.一个真实的故事 a true story 6.在坐牢 be in prison 7.与……陷人爱河 fall in love with 8.给…带来音乐和欢乐 bring music and joy to 9.这部现代音乐剧是根据一个中国传统故事改编的。 The modern musical is based on a traditional Chinese story. 10.他获得自由以后,努力想过上有意义的生活。He tried to find a meaningful life after he was free. 3.词转练习 1. The___________played a beautiful melody on his violin at the school concert.(music) 【答案】musician 【解析】musician n.音乐家;乐师;作曲家。句意：这位音乐家在学校音乐会上用小提琴演奏了一首优美的旋律。 2.She had been____________to people. But after the Olympics, she was world-famous.(know) 【答案】unknown 【解析】unknown adj.未知的;不详的;无名的;不出名的.句意：她一直不为人所知。但奥运会后，她举世闻名。 3.The_________of the rainbow made everyone stop and took out their their camera.(beautiful) 【答案】beauty 【解析】beauty n.美;美丽;美感.句意：彩虹的美让每个人都停下来拿出相机。 4. The new video game became very______. All the kids in school wanted to play it.(popularity) 【答案】popular 【解析】popular adj.受欢迎的。句意：新的电子游戏变得非常流行。学校里的所有孩子都想玩。 5.Our class monitor_________some music before the school trip and played it on the bus.Everyone was excited.(load) 【答案】downloaded 【解析】download v.下载。句意：我们班长在学校旅行前下载了一些音乐，并在公共汽车上播放。大家都很兴奋。 6.I will take your____________on learning English.(advise) 【答案】advice 【解析】advice n.建议；劝告。（不可数）take one’s advice采取某人的建议。句意：我会接受你关于学习英语的建议。 7.It took him a lot of____________to speak in public.(encourage) 【答案】courage 【解析】courage n.勇气。句意：他在公共场合讲话需要很大的勇气。 8.Remember to___________deeply and stay calm before your big test.(breath). 【答案】breathe 【解析】breathe v.呼吸。句意：在你的大考之前，记得深呼吸，保持冷静。 9.The classroom was in complete___________.Everyone focused on their reading.(silent) 【答案】silence 【解析】silence n.沉默；寂静。句意：教室里一片寂静。每个人都专注于阅读。 10.After thinking carefully,she_________to join the school soccer team.(decision) 【答案】decided 【解析】decide v.决定。句意：经过深思熟虑，她决定加入学校足球队。 11. Can you tell me the________about what happened?（true） 【答案】truth 【解析】truth n.事实；真相。句意：你能告诉我事情的真相吗？ 12. After their________,they turned into a pair of butterflies.(die) 【答案】death 【解析】death n.死亡；逝世。句意：他们死后，变成了一对蝴蝶。 13. Trying to argue with a wall is_________,because it can't hear or respond to you.(meaningful) 【答案】meaningless 【解析】meaningless adj.无意义的。句意：试图与一堵墙争论是没有意义的，因为它听不见或回应不了你。 【语法梳理】 A.代词基本必备 考向一、代词的概念 代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。 考向二、代词的分类 英语中代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。 考向三、代词的用法 1. 人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。 数 格 人 称 单 数 复 数 主 格 宾 格 主 格 宾 格 第一人称 we me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it (1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher. (2) 宾格在句中作宾语。例如： They don’t want me to go there alone. Don’t worry. I can look after her. (3) 英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同，I 在最后，you 在最前；但是，当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前，you在最后。 例如： You, he and I are all the winners. I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project. 【即学即练】 I bought a present for ________. I hope you like ________. A. your; this B. yours; that C. you; it D. you; one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我给你买了一件礼物。希望你喜欢它。考查代词辨析。your你（们）的，形容词性物主代词；yours你（们）的，名词性物主代词；you你（们）人称代词主格或宾格；this这，指较近的人或事物；that那，指较远的人或事物；it特指上文中提到过的同一事物；one泛指同类人或事物中不确定的一个，相当于“a/an +可数名词单数”。根据题干中“I bought a present for ____.”可知此处是说为某人买了个礼物，用人称代词you；再由“I hope you like ____.”可知此处是指上文中提到过的一个礼物，用it符合题意。故选C。 2．物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。 词 义 类 型 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他/她/它们的 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名 词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs (1) 形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如： To our surprise, he has passed the exam. (2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如： May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主语) Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表语) My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语) (3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用，作定语。例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us. 【即学即练】 Most parents think that it is the happiest thing to spend time with ________ children. A. his B. our C. your D. their 【答案】D 【详解】句意：大多数父母认为花时间和他们的孩子在一起是最幸福的事情。 考查形容词性物主代词。his他的；our我们的；your你的；their他们的。根据“Most parents”可知是第三人称的复数，名词children前面用their表示“他们的”。故选D。 3．反身代词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示： 我(们)自己 你(们)自己 他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己 单 数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复 数 ourselves yourselves themselves (1) 反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如： Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语) He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语) You’d better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语) (2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如： make oneself at home随便，无拘束 teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学;自主学习 help oneself to自用；自便 dress oneself给自己穿衣服;穿着，打扮 come to oneself苏醒;苏醒过来 devote oneself to doing/sth.全身心投入做某事 by oneself独自;单独 【即学即练】 — Take care while walking along the wet hill path （小径）. You may fall and hurt ________. — OK. Thanks for reminding me. A. it B. you C. yourself D. yourselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在潮湿的山径上行走时要小心。你可能会摔伤自己。——好的。谢谢你提醒我。 考查代词辨析。it它，人称代词；you你/你们，人称代词；yourself你自己，反身代词；yourselves你们自己，反身代词。根据上文“You may fall and hurt _____”可知，你或你们可能会摔伤自己，故此处应用反身代词。再结合下文“Thanks for reminding me”可知，此处只有“我”一个人，故上文应是“你可能会摔伤自己”，应用反身代词yourself。故选C。 4．指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表 这，这个 那，那个 这些 那些 this that these those 指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如： Those are my parents. ( 作主语) Throw it like that. (作表语) The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语) These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语) 注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西，常用that, those 表示。例如：I’m sorry to hear that. ( 2 )下文将要提到的事情，可用these, this 表示，起启下的作用。例如： Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it. 【即学即练】 The twins are so alike that even their father finds________ hard to tell them from each other. A. it B. him C. them 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这对双胞胎如此相像以至于甚至他们的父亲都发现很难区分他们。 考查代词辨析。it它；him他，人称代词宾格形式；them他们，人称代词宾格形式。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里使用了句型find it+形容词+to do sth.“发现做某事是……的”，it是形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。故选A。 5．疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom， 在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。 作主语： What make you so happy? 作宾语： Who / Whom is your manager talking with? 在口语中， 作宾语时 who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom.例如： About whom they are talking just now? 作定语： Which subject do you like best? 作表语： What’s your mother. 【即学即练】 —________ is singing over there?—My sister. She likes singing. A．How B．Who C．What D．When 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——谁在那边唱歌？——我妹妹。她喜欢唱歌。 考查特殊疑问句。how怎样；who谁；what什么；when何时。根据答语“My sister”可知，询问谁在那唱歌，故选B。 6．相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如： We should help each other. The villagers have looked after one another these year. 相互代词后可以加’s,表示所有关系。 例如： We put the presents in each other’s stocking. 7．连接代词： 用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom whose, that例如： I know what he said at the meeting. The problem is who will mend it. Could you tell me which is the way to the post office? B.代词拓展 8.不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象， 常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。 不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语， 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代词不能做定语，no和every 只能做定语。 9. 代词many, few, a few修饰可数名词，much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。 10. it的用法 指代事物。It is a car. 指代时间、地点、距离、金钱、天气等。例如：Three thousand kilometers is a long distance. 指代身份不明的人。例如：---Who is knocking at the door? --- It may be Mr. Wang. 作形式主语。例如：It is not easy for parents to bring up children. 作形式宾语。例如：He found it difficult to breathe at high altitudes. it常见句型。 (1) It doesn’t matter… It doesn’t matter what he says. 他说什么都没关系。 (2) It appears/ seems/ happens/says that… It seems that he is always correct. 他好像总是对的。 (3) It is said/ reported/ believed/ understood that… It is said that he has joined the Party. 据说他已经入党了。 (4) It is a waste of time /money doing sth. It’s a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他谈是浪费时间。 (5) It is no wonder that…  It’s no wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。 (6) it takes sb. some time to do sth. It took me nearly an hour to work out the problem. 花了我差不多一个钟才做出那道题. (7) It’s one’s turn to do sth. It’s my turn to clean the classroom. 是轮到我打扫教室的了。 基础巩固练习 1.Your silk scarf is over there. This one is _______. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 【答案】D 【解析】句意：你的丝巾在那边。这是我的。 考查代词辨析。I我，人称代词主格；me我，人称代词宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine名词性物主代词。空格后没有名词，此处指这是“我的”丝巾，故用名词性物主代词mine指代。故选D。 2.Make sure _______ has the textbooks when the new term starts. A. nobody B. anybody C. somebody D. everybody 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：新学期开始时，要确保每个人都有课本。 考查代词辨析。nobody没有人；anybody任何人；somebody某人；everybody每个人。根据“when the new term starts.”可知，新学期开始要确保每个人都有课本。故选D。 3．I haven’t brought my dictionary with me. Can I use ________? A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我没有带字典。我可以用你的吗？ 考查代词辨析。you你，主格或宾格；your你的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的，名词性物主代词；yourself你自己，反身代词。根据“Can I use...”可知，此处应用名词性物主代词yours，指代“你的字典”。故选C。 4．Randy wrote two novels.________ of them were made into films. I've seen them. A．None B．Both C．All D．Neither 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Randy 写了两本小说。它们都被拍成了电影，我都看了。 考查不定代词。None意为“没有一个”；Both意为“两者都”；All意为“全部”；Neither意为“（两者）没有一个”。根据上文“Randy wrote two novels.”及下文“I've seen them.”可知Randy的两本小说都被拍成了电影。故选B。 5．________friend Claude from France is keen on Chinese culture. A．I B．Me C．My D．Mine 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的法国朋友克劳德很喜欢中国文化。 考查形容词性的物主代词。I我，主格；Me我，宾格；My我的，形容词性的物主代词；Mine我的，名词性物主代词。根据题干可知空后有名词friend，这里用形容词性物主代词my。故选C。 6．Emma，an actress，has become a superstar because of hard work and talent. A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Emma，一个女演员，因为她的努力工作和天赋而成为一名巨星。 A. she她，主格；B. her她的，形容词性物主代词；C. hers她的，名词性物主代词；D. herself她自己，反身代词。表示某人的艰苦努力和才能，这里用形容性的物主代词，主语是Emma，是女演员。这里用her。根据题意，故选B。 7．The New Year Concert was so amazing that left in the middle of it. A．everybody B．anybody C．nobody D．somebody 【答案】C 【详解】句意：新年音乐会太精彩了，没有人中途离开。 A. everybody每人；B. anybody任何人；C. nobody没有人；D. somebody某人。根据上文The New Year Concert was so amazing可知下文是说没有人离开。根据题意，故选C。 8．Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and______is noisy. A．another B．the other C．other D．others 【答案】B 【详解】句意：凯瑟琳有两个表兄妹。一个是安静的，另一个是吵闹的。A. another代词，“又一、另一”，指三个或三个以上中的另一个，常用来修饰单数名词；B. the other两者中的另一个，或后跟名词，指其余的全部；C. other形容词，“其他的”，后跟名词，泛指剩余的一部分；D. others代词，泛指其余的人或物。one…the other...一个……另一个……固定搭配。故答案为B。 点睛：another，other，others，the other，the others的区别： 1.another泛指（指三者或三者以上中的）另一个，既可作代词又可作形容词。 2.other其他的，另外的，泛指另一个或另一些。作定语时常与可数名词复数连用。 3.others泛指别的，其他人或物，是other的复数形式，相当于other加可数名词复数。 4.the other可作代词也可作形容词，表（两者中的）另一个，常用于one…the other…的句型中，如：She has two children, one is a boy, and the other is a girl. 也可以后跟名词复数，特指其余的人或物。 5.the others是the other的复数形式，特指某一范围内“其余的全部人或物”。只作代词用，相当于the other加可数名词复数，如：Four of them are in the classroom, what about the others？ 9．My father is a good doctor. __________works hard to help his patients. A．He B．Him C．His D．Himself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我爸爸是个好医生。他努力帮助病人。A. He他，主格；B. Him他，宾格；C. His他的，形容词性物主代词；D. Himself他自己，反身代词。此处缺少主语，应该用代词的主格形式，故答案为A。 点睛：人称代词分为主格和宾格，主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。如：He is a teacher.(主格) Let me help you.(宾格)；物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，形容词性物主代词用作定语，修饰名词，如my book, his father(形容词性物主代词)。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。 10．The headmaster introduced ______ to the German visitors before the welcome party. A．we B．us C．our D．ours 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在欢迎会开始前校长把我们介绍给了德国游客。Introduce介绍，是及物动词，后接名词或代词作它的宾语。当接人称代词时，代词为宾格。A.we我们，主格代词；B. us我们，宾格代词；C. our我们的，物主代词（形容词性）；D. ours我们的（名词性）。故选B。 11．________ knowledge and experience are important to finish that task. A．Either B．Neither C．None D．Both 【答案】D 【详解】考查不定代词辨析。句意：知识和经验这两点对完成这项任务很重要。A.Either（两者之中的）任一个；B.Neither两者都不；C.None（三者以上）没有一个；D. Both两者都。knowledge and experience，知识和技能，是两个方面，据句意可知，这两项都很重要，属于both…and…结构，两者都……。故选D。 12．The retired couple have decided to go to college. It's time for to begin a new life. A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那对退休的夫妇已决定去上大学。到了他们开始一种新生活的时候了。根据It's time for sb. to do sth．“到了某人该做某事的时间了”。for是介词，后面跟人称代词时，要用人称代词，的宾格形式。they的宾格形式是them。故选B。 13．Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by_____ ? A．I B．me C．my D．myself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：现在我能选在网上上课和自学。By oneself表示靠某人自己；A. I我；B. Me我，宾格；C. My我的；D. Myself我自己。根据题意，故选D。 14．Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs. of them are part of his family. A．Both B．All C．None D．Neither 【答案】B 【详解】 考查不定代词辨析。Both两者都; All所有都;Eithe两个钟任何一个都;Neither两者都不.句意:老布莱克和他的三条狗生活得很幸福。它们都是他的家庭的一部分。结合语境可知选B。 15．Do you see that good-looking young man? is a famous Korean film star. A．He B．His C．Him D．Himself 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：He人称代词主格，他；His形容词性物主代词，他的；Him人称代词宾格，他；Himself反身代词，他自己。句意：你看见那个好看的年轻人了吗？——他是一个著名的韩国电影明星。结合语境可知下文用人称代词主格，做主语，选A。 16．My parents showed some old pictures that brought back sweet memories. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我奶奶给我一些老照片,带回了我甜蜜的记忆。show sb. sth.把某物展示给某人看，show是动词后用代词的宾格。结合句意，故选B。 17．The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and ______ could be seen clearly. A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：突然间灯灭了，于是很暗，什么也看不见。 A. anything (用于否定句、疑问句也用于if或whether之后，或紧接prevent、ban、avoid等动词，代替something) 任何东西；B. something某事；C. nothing没有什么；D. everything每件事。根据前面一句的意思为——-突然灯灭了，go out 熄灭，it was very dark 很暗，可知，没有东西能被看见（什么也看不见），因此“没东西”为nothing。因此答案为C。 18．We have decided to try ________ best to raise more money for the local charity. A．us B．our C．we D．ours 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们决定尽最大努力为当地的慈善机构筹集更多的资金。考查固定搭配，考查代词，try ones best to do ，尽某人的努力去做某事，前面有个we，可知用our，答案选B。 19．__________ is waiting for you at the gate. He wants to say thanks to you. A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Everybody D．Nobody 【答案】A 【详解】Somebody某人，一般用于肯定句；Anybody任何人，用于一般疑问句及否定句；Everybody每个人；Nobody没有人。句意：有人在门口等你。他想对你说谢谢。结合语境可知选Ａ。 考点：不定代词辨析 20．I can’t connect my computer to the Internet. There must be _______wrong with it. A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不能把电脑和网络连起来。肯定是有什么毛病。 A. something某事； B. everything 一切事情； C. anything 任何事情，用于否定句或疑问句中； D. nothing没有事情。根据该句是肯定句，及句意，故选A。 拔高拓展练习 1．They argued among ________ and finally drew a conclusion. A．them B．their C．theirs D．themselves 2．Mr. Hill has two daughters. He often takes ________ to the park at weekends. A．him B．them C．she D．her 3．I didn’t have an umbrella. Alice gave me ________. A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 4．Can you imagine what will happen if AI robots can do most of ________ jobs? A．our B．we C．us D．ours 5．When students were learning industrial techniques(学工), they found that they knew very little about ________ work. A．they B．their C．them D．theirs 6．Three astronauts taught ________ something interesting about science in China Space Station. A．we B．us C．our D．ourselves 7．He is my favourite basketball star and I like ________ very much. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 8．After the astronauts came back from space, many reporters interviewed ________. A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 9．The little boy hid himself behind the door. No wonder nobody could find ________. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 10．The fly beat ________ wings furiously in order to escape from the net. A．it B．it’s C．its D．itself 11．Quite a lot of children rarely control________when they are very angry. A．their B．them C．theirs D．themselves 12．The boy was old enough to take the underground by ________. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 13．His words don’t seem surprising, _________? A．does he B．isn’t he C．do they D．aren’t they 14．The internet has made ________ life more colorful and convenient. A．we B．us C．our D．ours 15．—Tommy, I’ve lost ________ bicycle. Can I use yours? —Sure. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 16．The doctors and nurses are trying ________ best to save the patients’ life. A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 17．I don’t know _______ of these people, for they are all new staff here. A．any B．some C．one D．either 18．Sometimes, Mary feels lonely because there’s _________ she can talk to. A．nobody B．somebody C．anybody D．everybody 19．I have decided to buy a flat of ________ own so that I can have my space. A．my B．mine C．myself D．me 20．Through art, Matthew found a new way to express _________. A．he B．his C．him D．himself 参考答案及解析 1．D 【详解】句意：他们互相争论，最后得出了一个结论。 考查代词辨析。them他们/她们，人称代词宾格；their他们的/她们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs他们的/她们的，名词性物主代词；themselves他们自己/她们自己，反身代词。根据主语“They”可知在他们/她们自己之间争论，用反身代词themselves。故选D。 2．B 【详解】句意：希尔先生有两个女儿。他经常在周末带他们去公园。 考查代词辨析。him他，宾格； them她/他/它们，宾格；she她，主格；her她，宾格/形容词性物主代词。根据“two daughters”可知，空格处指代两个女儿，需用复数代词，在句子中作宾语应用宾格them。故选B。 3．C 【详解】句意：我没带伞。爱丽丝把她的给了我。 考查代词。she她；her她；hers她的；herself她自己；此处指代“她的伞”，空后没有名词，应用名词性物主代词，故选C。 4．A 【详解】句意：如果人工智能机器人能做我们大部分的工作，你能想象会发生什么吗？ 考查代词辨析，our我们的，形容词性物主代词；we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。空后有名词jobs，可知应该用形容词性物主代词，故选A。 5．B 【详解】句意：当学生学习工业技术时，他们发现他们对自己的工作知之甚少。 考查人称代词。they他们，人称代词主格，作主语；their他们的，形容词性物主代词，后加名词；them他们，人称代词宾格，作宾语；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词。因为空后“work”为名词，前需用形容词性物主代词。故选B。 6．B 【详解】句意：三位宇航员在中国空间站教了我们一些有趣的科学知识。 考查代词辨析。we我们，主格代词；us我们，宾格代词；our我们的，物主代词；ourselves我们自己，反身代词。设空处作宾语，可排除AC两项；根据题干“Three astronauts taught…something interesting about science in China Space Station”，可知ourselves不合语境，故选B。 7．B 【详解】句意：他是我最喜欢的篮球明星，我非常喜欢他。 考查代词辨析。he他，人称代词主格；him他，人称代词宾格；his他的，物主代词；himself他自己。此空位于动词like后，应填代词宾格作宾语，故选B。 8．B 【详解】句意：宇航员从太空回来后，许多记者采访了他们。 考查代词辨析。they他们，是主格，作主语；them他们，是宾格，作宾语，their他们的，是形容词性物主代词，在句中修饰名词作定语；themselves他们自己，反身代词。interview是动词，指“采访他们”，用宾格，故选B。 9．B 【详解】句意：这个小男孩自己躲在门后面。难怪没有人能够找到他。 考查人称代词。he他，主格；him他，宾格；his他的，形容词或名词性物主代词；himself他自己，反身代词。根据“nobody could find...”可知，find后应跟宾格，作宾语。故选B。 10．C 【详解】句意：苍蝇为了逃离网而疯狂地拍打翅膀。 考查代词辨析。it它，主格或宾格；it’s它是；its它的，形容词性物主代词；itself它自己，反身代词。根据“The fly beat...wings furiously”可知，空格处置于名词前，用形容词性物主代词。故选C。 11．D 【详解】句意：相当多的孩子在生气的时候很难控制住自己。 考查代词辨析。their他们的，形容词性物主代词；them他们，代词宾格；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词；themselves他们自己，反身代词。根据“when they are very angry”可知，孩子们生气的时候很难控制自己，需要反身代词；故选D。 12．D 【详解】句意：这个男孩已经长大，可以独自坐地铁了。 考查代词。he他；him他；his他的；himself他自己；根据“by”可知，此处是by oneself“单独，独自”，是固定短语，故选D。 13．C 【详解】句意：他的话似乎并不令人惊讶，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据“don’t”可知，陈述句是表示否定意义，反意疑问句通常遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则，所以疑问部分应用肯定形式；陈述句主语是复数“his words”，疑问句中应用“they”代替，助动词用“do”表示肯定。故选C。 14．C 【详解】句意：互联网使我们的生活更加丰富多彩和方便。 考查形容词性物主代词。we我们，人称代词主格；us我们，人称代词宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。这里修饰名词life，用形容词性物主代词our。故选C。 15．C 【详解】句意：——汤米，我的自行车丢了。我能用一下你的吗？——当然。 考查代词辨析。I我，主格；me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。根据空后“bicycle”可知，这里需要用形容词性物主代词my修饰，表示“我的自行车”。故选C。 16．C 【详解】句意：医生和护士尽他们最大的努力拯救病人的生命。 考查代词。they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；themselves他们自己，反身代词。句子用短语“try one’s best to do”表达“尽某人最大的努力去做某事”，根据“The doctors and nurses”可知用形容词性物主代词“their”。故选C。 17．A 【详解】句意：我不认识这些人，因为他们都是这里的新员工。 考查不定代词。any任何；some一些；one某一个；either(两者中的)任何一个。根据“for they are all new staff here.”可知，他们都是这里的新员工，所以不认识任何人。故选A。 18．A 【详解】句意：有时玛丽会感到孤独，因为她没有人可以倾诉。 考查复合不定代词辨析。nobody没有人；somebody某人；anybody任何人；everybody每个人。根据主句里的“feels lonely”，可知是无人倾诉才会感到孤独，故选A。 19．A 【详解】句意：我决定买一套属于自己的公寓，这样我就可以拥有自己的空间了。 考查形容词性物主代词。my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的（人或物），名词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词；me我，人称代词宾格。of one’s own表示“（属于）某人自己的”，此处应填入形容词性物主代词。故选A。 20．D 【详解】句意：通过艺术，马修找到了一种表达自己思想的新方式。 考查代词。he他；his他的；him他；himself他自己。根据主语“Matthew”和动词短语“express oneself”可知，此处应用反身代词“himself”，意为“表达自己的思想（感情或意见）”。故选D。 【课后作业】 基础巩固 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each one can only be used once. A. people B. new C. problem D. clever E. money F. enough One summer, a library in the United States had a big ____21____. The books in the library increased fast but there was not ____22____ room to hold them. People had to move these books in a new library across the town. Everything had been ready. Then the heads of the library found that they hadn’t enough ____23____ to move their books across the town. The cheapest removal company was going to ask for several hundred thousand dollars. What could they do? Finally, one ____24____ librarian had a bright idea. She said, “Why not ask everyone to come to borrow 20, 40 or even 100 books?” At the end of the summer they could return them to the ____25____ library. The idea worked successfully. Not only did the library save a lot of money, but also people read a lot of books. 【答案】21. C 22. F 23. E 24. D 25. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一名聪明的图书管理员想出了一个好主意，帮助一家图书馆把他们的书搬到镇上去。 【21题详解】 句意：一个夏天，美国的一家图书馆遇到了一个大问题。根据“The books in the library increased fast but there was not...room to hold them”可知，是遇到了大问题，选项C“问题”符合语境。故选C。 【22题详解】 句意：图书馆里的书迅速增多，但那里没有足够的空间容纳它们。根据“The books in the library increased fast but there was not...room to hold them. People had to move these books in a new library”可知，图书馆里的书迅速增多，故应是没有足够的空间容纳它们。选项F“足够的”符合语境。故选F。 【23题详解】 句意：然后图书馆的负责人发现他们没有足够的钱把书搬到镇上。根据“The cheapest removal company was going to ask for several hundred thousand dollars. What could they do?”可知，是没有足够的钱把书搬到镇上。选项E“钱”符合语境。故选E。 【24题详解】 句意：最后，一个聪明的图书管理员想出了一个好主意。根据“librarian had a bright idea”可知，图书管理员想出了一个好主意，故她是聪明的。选项D“聪明的”符合语境。故选D。 【25题详解】 句意：夏天结束时，他们可以把书还到新图书馆。根据“ Not only did the library save a lot of money, but also people read a lot of books.”可知，人们把借的书还到新的图书馆，这样节省了搬迁的费用。选项B“新的”符合语境。故选B。 A.Choose the best answer. Hi, my name is Christina Baum. I’m a fourteen-year-old German student. I’m writing to tell you about an experience we are doing at school with our science teacher. At the beginning of this school year, Frau Keller showed us films and we read articles about problems in the environment. One day she said, “I want to know what you think. Please don’t tell me what we should do or must do. Tell me what each of you will do to protect the environment.” She asked us to choose a topic, make a weekly plan and tell the class about it. Then we had to do things to be “green” and write a report about our feelings. Some students said that they thought it was impossible for a single person to protect the environment. Some else said that scientists should work harder to find new ways to produce new energy. Frau Keller said that it is everyone’s job to care for the health of our planet. After the first week, everybody in class was excited about the project and wanted to continue to improve their result. Someone suggested telling the other classes in the school. Now all 768 students are working on the project in our school. Next week I’ll think about how not to waste water or make it dirty. I’m planning to try to use less water every day, and also not use the things that make it dirty. 36. Christina is a ________ from Germany. A. student B. teacher C. writer D. reporter 37. Christina is working on the project because ________. A. the science teacher asked them to do B. she wanted to be “green” C. she uses too much water at home D. it’ll help save energy 38. The underlined word “green” means “to ________”. A. make films on the environment B. make scientists work harder C. write articles on the environment D. be kind to the environment 39. The students have to do things that ________ and write a report about their feelings. A. use water B. are bad for the environment C. help to protect the environment D. are exciting 40. Christina chose ________ from the project. A. finding new forms of energy B. letting people know about trees C. saving water and keeping it clean D. improving class results 41. The passage is mainly about Christina’s ________ at school. A. experience on science study B. experience on protecting the environment C. ideas on using less water D. progress on writing a report 【答案】36. A 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. C 41. B 【导语】本文主要是关于Christina在学校保护环境的经历。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“Hi, my name is Christina Baum. I'm a fourteen-year-old German student.”嗨，我叫Christina Baum。我是一名14岁的德国学生。可知，Christina是一名来自德国的学生。故选A。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“I'm writing to tell you about an experience we are doing at school with our science teacher.”我写信给你讲述我们在学校和科学老师一起做的一段经历。可知，Christina正在做这个项目，因为科学老师要求他们做。故选A。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“Then we had to do things to be “green” and write a report about our feelings.”然后我们不得不做一些“环保”的事情，并写一份关于我们感受的报告。可知，带下划线的单词“green”的意思是“善待环境”。故选D。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Then we had to do things to be “green” and write a report about our feelings.”然后我们必须做一些“环保”的事情，并写一份关于我们感受的报告。可知，学生们必须做一些有助于保护环境的事情，并写一份关于他们感受的报告。故选C。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Next week I'll think about how not to waste water or make it dirty.”下周我会考虑如何不浪费水或把它弄脏。可知，Christina在这个项目中选择了节约用水和保持清洁。故选C。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“Frau Keller said that it is everyone's job to care for the health of our planet.”Frau Keller 说，关心地球的健康是每个人的工作。以及通读全文可知，这篇文章主要是关于Christina在学校保护环境的经历。故选B。 B.Choose the best words or expressions and complete the passage. Winter can be a challenging time to take exercise because of the short daylight and cold weather, and there are also plenty of holidays to keep you away from exercising regularly. So how to keep moving and not to gain too much ____42____ during the winter time? Here are some tips for you. Make yourself relaxed. You don’t have to do some intense (剧烈) sports. When you run or walk, don’t worry about how ____43____ or slow you’re going. Just find a rhythm (节奏) that feels easy and good. Warm up enough. ____44____ you get out of the door, warm up indoors to raise the heart rate, without sweating a lot. Run in place, walk up and down the stairs, or use a jump rope. Try to take exercise during the daytime. When the air is the ____45____ and the sun is out, the weather is more suitable for exercising. But if you have to walk or run in the dark, please carry a flashlight. Get a ____46____. Exercising with a friend, even once a week, can help you get out of the door. It’s hard for you to ____47____ to go out when someone is waiting for you, and you two can encourage each other. 42. A. experience B. work C. money D. weight 43. A. fast B. easy C. far D. happy 44. A. After B. Before C. While D. When 45. A. longest B. coldest C. warmest D. shortest 46. A. book B. partner C. present D. phone 47. A. agree B. discuss C. guide D. refuse 【答案】42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了冬天锻炼的建议。 【42题详解】 句意：那么，如何在冬季保持运动而不增加过多的体重呢？ experience经验；work工作；money钱；weight重量。根据“So how to keep moving and not to gain too much ...”可知，如何保持运动但不增加体重。故选D。 【43题详解】 句意：当你跑步或走路时，不要担心你的速度有多快或多慢。 fast快；easy容易；far远；happy快乐。根据“don’t worry about how ... or slow you’re going”可知，不要担心速度是快还是慢。故选A。 【44题详解】 句意：在你出门之前，在室内热身，以提高心率，而不是出汗太多。 After在……之后；Before在……之前；While当……时；When当……时。根据“warm up indoors”可知，在室内热身，是在出门之前。故选B。 【45题详解】 句意：当空气最温暖，太阳出来的时候，天气更适合锻炼。 longest最长的；coldest最冷的；warmest最暖的；shortest最短的。根据“When the air is the ... and the sun is out, the weather is more suitable for exercising.”和常识可知，空气暖和的时候适合锻炼。故选C。 【46题详解】 句意：找个搭档。 book书；partner搭档；present目前；phone电话。根据“Exercising with a friend”可知，找个搭档一起锻炼。故选B。 【47题详解】 句意：当有人在等你的时候，你很难拒绝出去，而且你们俩可以互相鼓励。 agree同意；discuss讨论；guide指导；refuse拒绝。根据“It’s hard for you to ... to go out when someone is waiting for you”可知，如果有人在等你一起出去锻炼，这时候你就很难拒绝出去。故选D。 名校拔高 Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文） Different animals and pets have different colors. Have you ever wondered why they have their particular colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to ____51____ themselves. Birds, especially seagulls (海鸥), are very ____52____ locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch locusts because they change their colors together with the change of the color of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But when crops are ripe (成熟的), locusts take on exactly the same brown color as crops have. Some other pets with different colors from plants are ____53____ easily found and eaten by their enemies. So they have to hide themselves for lives during the day and ____54____ only at night. If you study the animal life in any part of the world, you will find the main use of color is to keep themselves alive. Bears, wolves and other beasts move quietly through forests. They are usually invisible to eyes of hunters, because they have the color much ____55____ the barks (树皮) of trees. An even stranger thing remains to be noticed. A kind of fish living in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid is over, its enemies cannot find it, and it quickly swims away. ____56____, it has existed (存在) up to now though it is not powerful at all. 51. A. provide B. prepare C. prevent D. protect 52.A. proud of B. fond of C. pull of D. tired of 53. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. usually 54. A. disappear B. appear C. show D. leave 55. A. like B. dislike C. seem D. unlike 56. A. However B. Instead C. Therefore D. But 【答案】51. D 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. A 56. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了动物身上颜色的作用。 【51题详解】 句意：它们身上的颜色似乎主要是用来保护自己的。 provide提供；prepare准备；prevent预防；protect保护。根据下文“easily found and eaten by their enemies”可知，动物身上的颜色是用来保护自己的，故选D。 【52题详解】 句意：鸟类，尤其是海鸥，非常喜欢吃蝗虫。 proud of以……为傲；fond of喜欢；pull of……的拉动；tired of疲惫。根据“but birds cannot easily catch locusts”可知，海鸥喜欢吃蝗虫，故选B。 【53题详解】 句意：其他一些与植物颜色不同的宠物通常很容易被敌人发现和吃掉。 never从不；seldom很少；sometimes有时；usually通常。根据“Some other pets with different colors from plants are … easily found and eaten by their enemies”可知，与植物颜色不同的宠物通常容易被宿敌发现，故选D。 【54题详解】 句意：所以它们不得不在白天躲藏起来，只在晚上出现。 disappear消失；appear出现；show展示；leave离开根据“So they have to hide themselves for lives during the day”可知，白天躲起来，晚上出来活动，故选B。 【55题详解】 句意：因为它们的颜色很像树皮。 like喜欢，像；dislike不喜欢；seem似乎；unlike不像。根据“They are usually invisible to eyes of hunters”可知，因为身上皮毛的颜色很像树皮，所以能躲开猎人的眼睛，故选A。 【56题详解】 句意：因此，它一直存在到现在，虽然它并不强大。 However然而；Instead反而；Therefore因此；But但是。根据“While the liquid is over, its enemies cannot find it, and it quickly swims away”以及“it has existed (存在) up to now though it is not powerful at all”可知，因为可以放出液体让敌人看不见，因此它们才可以存活很久，故选C。 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给） Text messaging，or simply "texting"，allows people to send and（1）r 　　 messages on mobile phones.The advantages of texting are obvious.Texting helps to save money.If you have a few words to greet your families and friends on their birthdays or on some important festivals，sending messages can be （2）c 　　 than phone calling. Texting helps to save time.Even if you want to send a message to 100 people，you can do it in one （3）s 　　 .Texting helps you to "talk" to someone when he is too busy to answer the phone.Texting can also help you to "talk" to someone in silence if you don't want （4）o　　 to hear what you are talking on the phone.These advantages are so amazing that many people are （5）c　　 about it.They hold mobile phones in hands all day long，sending dozens of messages each day. However，texting has its disadvantages.Junk messages may come into your mobile phone box now and then. What's more，if you don't do texting properly，for example，texting （6）w　　 driving or walking it can be dangerous.It can cause injuries and even（7）d　　 . Texting is a wonderful way of communication.Only when we use it properly，can we fully enjoy the fun it brings. 【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了短信的优点与缺点。短信是一个交流的很好的方式。只有正确使用它，我们才能享受它带来的快乐。 【解答】（1）考查动词。句意：短信，或简单的"短信"，允许人们在手机上收发信息。可知，说的是收发信息。句子是一般现在时，主语是人们，故填receive。 （2）考查形容词。句意：如果你在家人和朋友的生日或一些重要的节日上有几句话要问候他们，那么发消息可能比打电话更便宜。根据上文Texting helps to save money.（发短信有助于省钱。）可知，应该是发短信更便宜，应用形容词比较级形式。故填cheaper。 （3）考查名词。句意：即使你想向100个人发送信息，你也可以在一秒钟内完成。根据上文Texting helps to save time.（发短信有助于节省时间。）可知，说的是一秒钟内给100个人发信息，in one second在一秒钟内，故填second。 （4）考查代词。句意：如果你不想让别人听到你在电话里说的话，发短信也可以帮助你在沉默中与别人"交谈"。根据Texting can also help you to "talk" to someone in silence（发短信也可以帮助你在沉默中与某人"交谈"）可知，表示不想让别人听见，故填others。 （5）考查形容词。句意：这些优势是如此惊人，以至于很多人都为之疯狂。根据下文They hold mobile phones in hands all day long，sending dozens of messages each day.（他们整天拿着手机，每天发送几十条信息。）可知，说的是人们的疯狂。故填crazy。 （6）考查连词。句意：此外，如果你不正确地发短信，例如，开车或走路时发短信可能会很危险。后面接现在分词driving or walking，表示正在开车或者散步的时候，用while引导时间状语从句。故填while。 （7）考查名词。句意：它会导致受伤甚至死亡。根据上文What's more，if you don't do texting properly，for example，texting whiledriving or walking it can be dangerous.（此外，如果你不正确地发短信，例如，开车或走路时发短信可能会很危险。）可知，在开车或走路时发短信可能会很危险，会导致受伤甚至死亡。故填death。 【点评】根据所给信息填空，考生注意先通读全文，根据所给的信息，结合词组固定搭配和语境，填出适当的单词。 Read the passage below and answer the following questions（根据文章内容回答下列问题） After I graduated (毕业) from the police academy, I couldn’t wait to do my part to save the world. However, I found out on my first day that I still had a lot to learn. That morning. I arrived at the police station early. At 7 a.m., I went into my office and waited for orders. Suddenly, I realized that I hadn’t brought my walkie-talkie (对讲机). I went back to my locker (储物柜), but however hard I tried, I couldn’t get it open. I saw a long stick lying next to the lockers and used it to hit the door. The locker opened, but I was amazed that it was empty. I thought I was going to be in trouble for losing my walkie-talkie on my first day. It turned out that I had broken into the wrong locker. I went to my boss to admit my mistake. He told me to ask next time. I knew he must have been thinking. “You are really silly!” After lunch, I received a call for an alarm (预警) at a building. This could be a theft—the first of my job. I couldn’t wait! I arrived on the scene with a colleague (同事) of mine and we found a closed company building. It was surrounded (被包围) by a two-meter-high fence with razor wire (铁丝网) on the top. The owner was away. My colleague was calling him to ask how we could get inside. I offered to help. I climbed the fence and got up to the top. I was trying to get my leg over the razor wire when my pants got snagged (被绊住). I heard my colleague say, “Hey! Spider-man!” I looked down and saw that the owner had arrived. They opened the gate and went inside while I was struggling to free myself. When we got back in the car, my colleague smiled at me and said, “We learn something new every day.” I knew it was his polite way of saying. “You are really silly!” 64. The writer wasn’t satisfied (满意) with his first day of work, was he? _______________________________________________________________________________ 65. Why couldn’t the writer open the locker although he tried hard? _______________________________________________________________________________ 66. When did the writer receive a call for an alarm at a building? _______________________________________________________________________________ 67. How did the writer probably feel when he received the call for an alarm at a building? _______________________________________________________________________________ 68. What was the writer doing when his colleague and the owner went inside the company building? _______________________________________________________________________________ 69. Suppose (假设) you meet the writer at the end of his first day. What will you say to him? _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】64. No, he wasn’t. 65. Because he had broke into the wrong locker. 66. After lunch. 67. He felt excited. 68. He was struggling to free himself. 69. Don’t worry, you can do better next time. 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者入职当警察的第一天遭遇的两件尴尬事。 【64题详解】 根据“I knew he must have been thinking. ‘You are really silly!’ ”以及“I knew it was his polite way of saying. ‘You are really silly!’ ”可知，作者认为自己的第一天很糟糕，故填No, he wasn’t. 【65题详解】 根据“It turned out that I had broken into the wrong locker”可知，因为他撬错了储物柜，故填Because he had broke into the wrong locker. 【66题详解】 根据“After lunch, I received a call for an alarm (预警) at a building”可知，午饭后，接到了一个报警电话，故填After lunch. 【67题详解】 根据“This could be a theft—the first of my job. I couldn’t wait! I arrived on the scene with a colleague (同事) of mine and we found a closed company building”可知，他感觉很兴奋，故填He felt excited. 【68题详解】 根据“ I looked down and saw that the owner had arrived. They opened the gate and went inside while I was struggling to free myself.”可知，他正在努力挣脱自己，故填He was struggling to free himself. 【69题详解】 开放性题，答案合理即可。故填Don’t worry, you can do better next time. 翻译 （新教材Unit1） 1.我既喜欢流行乐也喜欢摇滚乐。 【答案】I like both pop(music) and rock (music). 2.贝多芬和莫扎特两人都是西方音乐史上的著名作曲家。 【答案】Both Beethoven and Mozart are famous composers in the history of Western music. 3.里昂纳多·达·芬奇(Leonardo da Vinci)不仅是科学家,也是艺术家。 【答案】Leonardo da Vinci was both a scientist and an artist. 4.我当时不仅能听到他的声音,而且能看到他。 【答案】I could not only hear him but also see him at that time. 5.这个音乐家不仅想赚钱,而且想赢得好名声。 【答案】The musician wants not only to make money but also to win a good reputation. 6.汤姆不仅在电影院,也在网上看过这部电影。 【答案】Tom saw the film not only in the cinema but also online. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 七年级上学期英语寒假精品分层讲义第1讲：7BUnit1预习&代词专题 【学习目标】 1.新教材7B Unit1单词及短语梳理 2.代词语法掌握 3.巩固及习题 【课前热身】 词性转换基础题 1.He told me to enter the library ________.(silence) 2.Tom kept ________ about the accident in order not to lose his job. (silence) 3.A large number of people become ________ because of the war. (home) 4. Can you see quite a few _______ flying around the flowers? (butterfly) 名校提高题 1.He didn’t exercise for a long time, and only 5 flights of stairs left him ________.(breathe) 2.With his ________, I had confidence in myself and started over. (encourage) 3.The wooden bridge is 100 metres long and 40 metres___________. (widely) 4.The Smiths have ________ to go to Paris for sightseeing and fun. (decision) 代词基础题 1. Students will have more trips to _________ places next term. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 2. David is happy because his little daughter can brush her teeth _______. A. she B. hers C. her D. herself 3.I met a lot of friends at the party, such as Bob who is a friend of ________. A．me B．mine C．myself D．I 4.To keep healthy, you should eat ________ crisps and have ________ water. A．fewer, more B．less, more C．more, less D．fewer, less 5.The only child in the family should learn to thinks of ________ more. A. others B. other C. the other D. another 6. ________ of your answers is right. Please try a third time. A. Neither B. None C. Either D. Both 7._____of the twin brothers works as an engineer. A．All B．Both C．Neither D．Every 名校提高题 1.The game broke the ice and helped everyone in the room know _______ better. A. some other B. another C. the other D. each other 2.You should learn to protect yourself. _________ is more important than life. A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything 3.Don’t let the girl play with knives. She may hurt __________. A. yourself B. myself C. herself D. himself 4.Some young people go to _________ city to work for a better life. A. another B. other C. the other D. others 5.Tom tried several ways to avoid catching the flu, but ________ worked. A. both B. all C. neither D. none 6.I came to Shanghai just a few days ago. I know ________ about the city. A. little B. many C. few D. much 7. —Are there any new movies on in the cinema? —The two cartoon films the Snow Queen and the Princess 5 and Kung Fu Panda 4. You may choose ________ of them to watch. A. all B. none C. either D. neither 8.When the two brothers worked on this invention, __________ of them were about 30 years old. A. none B. all C. both D. either 【知识梳理】 上海新教材七下英语单元目录 Unit 1 Music Unit 2 Language and communication Unit 3 A helping hand Unit 4 Honesty Unit 5 Wild animals Unit 6 Trees Unit 1 Music词汇词组练习 1.重点单词 音标 单词 词性 中文释义 1./fəʊk/ n. 民间音乐 2./rɒk/ n. 摇滚乐 3./ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v. 下载 4./θiːm/ n. (乐曲的)主题；主旋律 5./ˈbjuːti/ n. 美；美丽 6./ˈmelədi/ n. 旋律；曲调 7./ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. 不出名的 8./mjuˈzɪʃn/ n. 音乐家 9./ˈklæsɪkl/ adj. 古典的；经典的 10./ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti/ n. 流行 11./ʃəʊ/ n. 表演；演出 12./swiːt/ adj. 甜美的；悦耳的 13./ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善 14./reɪz/ v. 提升；筹集 15./tʃuːz/ v. 挑选 16./ˈæktʃuəli/ adv. 的确；真实地；事实上 17./ˈkɔːrəs/ n. 合唱团 18./ˈhəʊmləs/ adj. 无家的 19./ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ adj. 有趣的 20./ˈprefrəns/ n. 偏爱；偏好 21./ʃaɪ/ adj. 羞怯的；腼腆的 22./briːð/ v. 呼吸 23./ˈstʌtə(r)/ n.&v. 口吃；结巴 24./ˈrɪðəm/ n. 节奏 25./ˈsmuːðli/ adv. 连续而流畅地 26./ˈsaɪlənt/ adj. 不说话的；沉默的 27./ədˈvaɪz/ v. 劝告；忠告；建议 28./ˈkɑːmli/ adv. 沉着地 29./dɪˈsaɪd/ v. 决定 30./ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ v. 鼓励 31./ɡeɪn/ v. 获得；增加；增添 32./θruː/ prep. 通过 33./ˈsəʊləʊ/ adv. 单独地 n. 独唱 34./ˈfriːli/ adv. 自由地 35./ˈmædʒɪk/ n. 魔力 36./rɪˈlæks/ v. 放松；休息 37./ədˈvaɪs/ n. 劝告；忠告；建议 38./dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ v. 发现 39./ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ n. 信心；信任 40./dɪˈskraɪb/ v. 描述 41./ˈɒfə(r)/ v. 主动提出；自愿给与 42./ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 普遍地；广泛地 43./ˈspɪrɪt/ n. 精神；心灵 44./ˈæθliːt/ n. 运动员 45./ˈpaʊəfl/ adj. 强有力的 46./ˈpleɪlɪst/ n. 音乐播放清单 47./ˌrekəˈmend/ v. 推荐 48./ˈpɒpjələ(r)/ adj. 流行的 49./beɪs/ v. 以...为基础 50./ˈmæri/ v. 将...许配给... 51./ˈnɒvl/ n. 小说 52./ˈmɒdn/ adj. 现代化的 53./ˈprɪzn/ n. 监狱 54./rɪˈfjuːz / v. 拒绝 55./ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ n. 蝴蝶 56./ˈtjuːtə(r)/ n. 家庭教师 57./ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ adj. 有重大意义的 58./trəˈdɪʃənl/ adj. 传统的 2.重点词组表达 第一组 1.电台 2.最知名的作品 3.民歌 4.敲门 5.变成聋子 6.给人们带来快乐 7.这旋律听起来不错。 8.这乐曲在全世界都很有名。 9.你可以想象到白色的花和美丽的女孩。 10.这首交响乐主要讲述的是人们如何与生活中的困难做斗争。 第二组 1.古典音乐 2.核实 3.看上去很有趣 4.慈善演出 5.筹集资金 6.流浪动物 7.这里有三场音乐演出。 8.你想和我一起去吗？ 9.这很难选。 10.老师问我们对春游活动有什么想法。 第三组 1.一个三岁的男孩 2.过去常常做某事 3.开始说话 4.努力尝试 5.保持安静 6.建议做某事 7.决定做某事 8.鼓励某人做某事 9.感到害羞 10.他的话没有流畅地说出来。 第四组 1.号召某人做某事 2.最热门的三首歌 3.在歌单上 4.最伟大的歌曲之一 5.而且 6.被广泛使用 7.团队精神 8.运动项目 9.一段强有力的旋律 10.每次听这首歌,我都想去跟着唱。 第五组 1.一部著名的音乐剧 2.拒绝做某事 3.变成一对蝴蝶 4.以……为基础 5.一个真实的故事 6.在坐牢 7.与……陷人爱河 8.给…带来音乐和欢乐 9.这部现代音乐剧是根据一个中国传统故事改编的。 10.他获得自由以后,努力想过上有意义的生活。 3.词转练习 1. The___________played a beautiful melody on his violin at the school concert.(music) 2.She had been____________to people. But after the Olympics, she was world-famous.(know) 3.The_________of the rainbow made everyone stop and took out their their camera.(beautiful) 4. The new video game became very______. All the kids in school wanted to play it.(popularity) 5.Our class monitor_________some music before the school trip and played it on the bus.Everyone was excited.(load) 6.I will take your____________on learning English.(advise) 7.It took him a lot of____________to speak in public.(encourage) 8.Remember to___________deeply and stay calm before your big test.(breath). 9.The classroom was in complete___________.Everyone focused on their reading.(silent) 10.After thinking carefully,she_________to join the school soccer team.(decision) 11. Can you tell me the________about what happened?（true） 12. After their________,they turned into a pair of butterflies.(die) 13. Trying to argue with a wall is_________,because it can't hear or respond to you.(meaningful) 【语法梳理】 A.代词基本必备 考向一、代词的概念 代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。 考向二、代词的分类 英语中代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。 考向三、代词的用法 1. 人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。 数 格 人 称 单 数 复 数 主 格 宾 格 主 格 宾 格 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 (1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher. (2) 宾格在句中作宾语。例如： They don’t want me to go there alone. Don’t worry. I can look after her. (3) 英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同，I 在最后，you 在最前；但是，当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前，you在最后。 例如： You, he and I are all the winners. I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project. 【即学即练】 I bought a present for ________. I hope you like ________. A. your; this B. yours; that C. you; it D. you; one 2．物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。 词 义 类 型 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他/她/它们的 形容词性物主代词 名 词性物主代词 (1) 形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如： To our surprise, he has passed the exam. (2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如： May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主语) Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表语) My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语) (3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用，作定语。例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us. 【即学即练】 Most parents think that it is the happiest thing to spend time with ________ children. A. his B. our C. your D. their 3．反身代词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示： 我(们)自己 你(们)自己 他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己 单 数 复 数 (1) 反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如： Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语) He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语) You’d better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语) (2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如： make oneself at home________________________ teach oneself________________________ learn by oneself________________________ help oneself to________________________ dress oneself________________________ come to oneself________________________ devote oneself to doing/sth.________________________ by oneself________________________ 【即学即练】 — Take care while walking along the wet hill path（小径）. You may fall and hurt ________. — OK. Thanks for reminding me. A. it B. you C. yourself D. yourselves 4．指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表 这，这个 那，那个 这些 那些 指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如： Those are my parents. ( 作主语) Throw it like that. (作表语) The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语) These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语) 注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西，常用that, those 表示。例如：I’m sorry to hear that. ( 2 )下文将要提到的事情，可用these, this 表示，起启下的作用。例如： Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it. 【即学即练】 The twins are so alike that even their father finds________ hard to tell them from each other. A. it B. him C. them 5．疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom， 在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。 作主语： What make you so happy? 作宾语： Who / Whom is your manager talking with? 在口语中， 作宾语时 who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom.例如： About whom they are talking just now? 作定语： Which subject do you like best? 作表语： What’s your mother. 【即学即练】 —________ is singing over there?—My sister. She likes singing. A．How B．Who C．What D．When 6．相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如： We should help each other. The villagers have looked after one another these year. 相互代词后可以加’s,表示所有关系。例如： We put the presents in each other’s stocking. 7．连接代词： 用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom whose, that例如： I know what he said at the meeting. The problem is who will mend it. Could you tell me which is the way to the post office? B.代词拓展 8.不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象， 常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。 不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语， 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代词不能做定语，no和every 只能做定语。 9. 代词many, few, a few修饰可数名词，much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。 10. it的用法 指代事物。It is a car. 指代时间、地点、距离、金钱、天气等。例如：Three thousand kilometers is a long distance. 指代身份不明的人。例如：---Who is knocking at the door? --- It may be Mr. Wang. 作形式主语。例如：It is not easy for parents to bring up children. 作形式宾语。例如：He found it difficult to breathe at high altitudes. it常见句型。 (1) It doesn’t matter… It doesn’t matter what he says. 他说什么都没关系。 (2) It appears/ seems/ happens/says that… It seems that he is always correct. 他好像总是对的。 (3) It is said/ reported/ believed/ understood that… It is said that he has joined the Party. 据说他已经入党了。 (4) It is a waste of time /money doing sth. It’s a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他谈是浪费时间。 (5) It is no wonder that…  It’s no wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。 (6) it takes sb. some time to do sth. It took me nearly an hour to work out the problem. 花了我差不多一个钟才做出那道题. (7) It’s one’s turn to do sth. It’s my turn to clean the classroom. 是轮到我打扫教室的了。 基础巩固练习 1.Your silk scarf is over there. This one is _______. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 2.Make sure _______ has the textbooks when the new term starts. A. nobody B. anybody C. somebody D. everybody 3．I haven’t brought my dictionary with me. Can I use ________? A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself 4．Randy wrote two novels.________ of them were made into films. I've seen them. A．None B．Both C．All D．Neither 5．________friend Claude from France is keen on Chinese culture. A．I B．Me C．My D．Mine 6．Emma，an actress，has become a superstar because of hard work and talent. A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 7．The New Year Concert was so amazing that left in the middle of it. A．everybody B．anybody C．nobody D．somebody 8．Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and______is noisy. A．another B．the other C．other D．others 9．My father is a good doctor. __________works hard to help his patients. A．He B．Him C．His D．Himself 10．The headmaster introduced ______ to the German visitors before the welcome party. A．we B．us C．our D．ours 11．________ knowledge and experience are important to finish that task. A．Either B．Neither C．None D．Both 12．The retired couple have decided to go to college. It's time for to begin a new life. A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 13．Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by_____ ? A．I B．me C．my D．myself 14．Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs. of them are part of his family. A．Both B．All C．None D．Neither 15．Do you see that good-looking young man? is a famous Korean film star. A．He B．His C．Him D．Himself 16．My parents showed some old pictures that brought back sweet memories. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 17．The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and ______ could be seen clearly. A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything 18．We have decided to try ________ best to raise more money for the local charity. A．us B．our C．we D．ours 19．__________ is waiting for you at the gate. He wants to say thanks to you. A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Everybody D．Nobody 20．I can’t connect my computer to the Internet. There must be _______wrong with it. A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing 拔高拓展练习 1．They argued among ________ and finally drew a conclusion. A．them B．their C．theirs D．themselves 2．Mr. Hill has two daughters. He often takes ________ to the park at weekends. A．him B．them C．she D．her 3．I didn’t have an umbrella. Alice gave me ________. A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 4．Can you imagine what will happen if AI robots can do most of ________ jobs? A．our B．we C．us D．ours 5．When students were learning industrial techniques(学工), they found that they knew very little about ________ work. A．they B．their C．them D．theirs 6．Three astronauts taught ________ something interesting about science in China Space Station. A．we B．us C．our D．ourselves 7．He is my favourite basketball star and I like ________ very much. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 8．After the astronauts came back from space, many reporters interviewed ________. A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 9．The little boy hid himself behind the door. No wonder nobody could find ________. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 10．The fly beat ________ wings furiously in order to escape from the net. A．it B．it’s C．its D．itself 11．Quite a lot of children rarely control________when they are very angry. A．their B．them C．theirs D．themselves 12．The boy was old enough to take the underground by ________. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 13．His words don’t seem surprising, _________? A．does he B．isn’t he C．do they D．aren’t they 14．The internet has made ________ life more colorful and convenient. A．we B．us C．our D．ours 15．—Tommy, I’ve lost ________ bicycle. Can I use yours? —Sure. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 16．The doctors and nurses are trying ________ best to save the patients’ life. A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 17．I don’t know _______ of these people, for they are all new staff here. A．any B．some C．one D．either 18．Sometimes, Mary feels lonely because there’s _________ she can talk to. A．nobody B．somebody C．anybody D．everybody 19．I have decided to buy a flat of ________ own so that I can have my space. A．my B．mine C．myself D．me 20．Through art, Matthew found a new way to express _________. A．he B．his C．him D．himself 【课后作业】 基础巩固 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each one can only be used once. A. people B. new C. problem D. clever E. money F. enough One summer, a library in the United States had a big ____21____. The books in the library increased fast but there was not ____22____ room to hold them. People had to move these books in a new library across the town. Everything had been ready. Then the heads of the library found that they hadn’t enough ____23____ to move their books across the town. The cheapest removal company was going to ask for several hundred thousand dollars. What could they do? Finally, one ____24____ librarian had a bright idea. She said, “Why not ask everyone to come to borrow 20, 40 or even 100 books?” At the end of the summer they could return them to the ____25____ library. The idea worked successfully. Not only did the library save a lot of money, but also people read a lot of books. A.Choose the best answer. Hi, my name is Christina Baum. I’m a fourteen-year-old German student. I’m writing to tell you about an experience we are doing at school with our science teacher. At the beginning of this school year, Frau Keller showed us films and we read articles about problems in the environment. One day she said, “I want to know what you think. Please don’t tell me what we should do or must do. Tell me what each of you will do to protect the environment.” She asked us to choose a topic, make a weekly plan and tell the class about it. Then we had to do things to be “green” and write a report about our feelings. Some students said that they thought it was impossible for a single person to protect the environment. Some else said that scientists should work harder to find new ways to produce new energy. Frau Keller said that it is everyone’s job to care for the health of our planet. After the first week, everybody in class was excited about the project and wanted to continue to improve their result. Someone suggested telling the other classes in the school. Now all 768 students are working on the project in our school. Next week I’ll think about how not to waste water or make it dirty. I’m planning to try to use less water every day, and also not use the things that make it dirty. 36. Christina is a ________ from Germany. A. student B. teacher C. writer D. reporter 37. Christina is working on the project because ________. A. the science teacher asked them to do B. she wanted to be “green” C. she uses too much water at home D. it’ll help save energy 38. The underlined word “green” means “to ________”. A. make films on the environment B. make scientists work harder C. write articles on the environment D. be kind to the environment 39. The students have to do things that ________ and write a report about their feelings. A. use water B. are bad for the environment C. help to protect the environment D. are exciting 40. Christina chose ________ from the project. A. finding new forms of energy B. letting people know about trees C. saving water and keeping it clean D. improving class results 41. The passage is mainly about Christina’s ________ at school. A. experience on science study B. experience on protecting the environment C. ideas on using less water D. progress on writing a report B.Choose the best words or expressions and complete the passage. Winter can be a challenging time to take exercise because of the short daylight and cold weather, and there are also plenty of holidays to keep you away from exercising regularly. So how to keep moving and not to gain too much ____42____ during the winter time? Here are some tips for you. Make yourself relaxed. You don’t have to do some intense (剧烈) sports. When you run or walk, don’t worry about how ____43____ or slow you’re going. Just find a rhythm (节奏) that feels easy and good. Warm up enough. ____44____ you get out of the door, warm up indoors to raise the heart rate, without sweating a lot. Run in place, walk up and down the stairs, or use a jump rope. Try to take exercise during the daytime. When the air is the ____45____ and the sun is out, the weather is more suitable for exercising. But if you have to walk or run in the dark, please carry a flashlight. Get a ____46____. Exercising with a friend, even once a week, can help you get out of the door. It’s hard for you to ____47____ to go out when someone is waiting for you, and you two can encourage each other. 42. A. experience B. work C. money D. weight 43. A. fast B. easy C. far D. happy 44. A. After B. Before C. While D. When 45. A. longest B. coldest C. warmest D. shortest 46. A. book B. partner C. present D. phone 47. A. agree B. discuss C. guide D. refuse 名校拔高 Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文） Different animals and pets have different colors. Have you ever wondered why they have their particular colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to ____51____ themselves. Birds, especially seagulls (海鸥), are very ____52____ locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch locusts because they change their colors together with the change of the color of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But when crops are ripe (成熟的), locusts take on exactly the same brown color as crops have. Some other pets with different colors from plants are ____53____ easily found and eaten by their enemies. So they have to hide themselves for lives during the day and ____54____ only at night. If you study the animal life in any part of the world, you will find the main use of color is to keep themselves alive. Bears, wolves and other beasts move quietly through forests. They are usually invisible to eyes of hunters, because they have the color much ____55____ the barks (树皮) of trees. An even stranger thing remains to be noticed. A kind of fish living in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid is over, its enemies cannot find it, and it quickly swims away. ____56____, it has existed (存在) up to now though it is not powerful at all. 51. A. provide B. prepare C. prevent D. protect 52.A. proud of B. fond of C. pull of D. tired of 53. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. usually 54. A. disappear B. appear C. show D. leave 55. A. like B. dislike C. seem D. unlike 56. A. However B. Instead C. Therefore D. But Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给） Text messaging，or simply "texting"，allows people to send and（1）r 　　 messages on mobile phones.The advantages of texting are obvious.Texting helps to save money.If you have a few words to greet your families and friends on their birthdays or on some important festivals，sending messages can be （2）c 　　 than phone calling. Texting helps to save time.Even if you want to send a message to 100 people，you can do it in one （3）s 　　 .Texting helps you to "talk" to someone when he is too busy to answer the phone.Texting can also help you to "talk" to someone in silence if you don't want （4）o　　 to hear what you are talking on the phone.These advantages are so amazing that many people are （5）c　　 about it.They hold mobile phones in hands all day long，sending dozens of messages each day. However，texting has its disadvantages.Junk messages may come into your mobile phone box now and then. What's more，if you don't do texting properly，for example，texting （6）w　　 driving or walking it can be dangerous.It can cause injuries and even（7）d　　 . Texting is a wonderful way of communication.Only when we use it properly，can we fully enjoy the fun it brings. Read the passage below and answer the following questions（根据文章内容回答下列问题） After I graduated (毕业) from the police academy, I couldn’t wait to do my part to save the world. However, I found out on my first day that I still had a lot to learn. That morning. I arrived at the police station early. At 7 a.m., I went into my office and waited for orders. Suddenly, I realized that I hadn’t brought my walkie-talkie (对讲机). I went back to my locker (储物柜), but however hard I tried, I couldn’t get it open. I saw a long stick lying next to the lockers and used it to hit the door. The locker opened, but I was amazed that it was empty. I thought I was going to be in trouble for losing my walkie-talkie on my first day. It turned out that I had broken into the wrong locker. I went to my boss to admit my mistake. He told me to ask next time. I knew he must have been thinking. “You are really silly!” After lunch, I received a call for an alarm (预警) at a building. This could be a theft—the first of my job. I couldn’t wait! I arrived on the scene with a colleague (同事) of mine and we found a closed company building. It was surrounded (被包围) by a two-meter-high fence with razor wire (铁丝网) on the top. The owner was away. My colleague was calling him to ask how we could get inside. I offered to help. I climbed the fence and got up to the top. I was trying to get my leg over the razor wire when my pants got snagged (被绊住). I heard my colleague say, “Hey! Spider-man!” I looked down and saw that the owner had arrived. They opened the gate and went inside while I was struggling to free myself. When we got back in the car, my colleague smiled at me and said, “We learn something new every day.” I knew it was his polite way of saying. “You are really silly!” 64. The writer wasn’t satisfied (满意) with his first day of work, was he? _______________________________________________________________________________ 65. Why couldn’t the writer open the locker although he tried hard? _______________________________________________________________________________ 66. When did the writer receive a call for an alarm at a building? _______________________________________________________________________________ 67. How did the writer probably feel when he received the call for an alarm at a building? _______________________________________________________________________________ 68. What was the writer doing when his colleague and the owner went inside the company building? _______________________________________________________________________________ 69. Suppose (假设) you meet the writer at the end of his first day. What will you say to him? _______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译 （新教材Unit1） 1.我既喜欢流行乐也喜欢摇滚乐。 2.贝多芬和莫扎特两人都是西方音乐史上的著名作曲家。 3.里昂纳多·达·芬奇(Leonardo da Vinci)不仅是科学家,也是艺术家。 4.我当时不仅能听到他的声音,而且能看到他。 5.这个音乐家不仅想赚钱,而且想赢得好名声。 6.汤姆不仅在电影院,也在网上看过这部电影。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$