基础语法之名词、数词 1课件-2025届高三英语一轮复习

课前复习 1' 高考英语复习 　 基础词法之名词、数词 1 2 学习目标1' 1.了解高考英语名词、数词考点 2.掌握名词的数和格变化 3 问题导学5’ 高考英语中， 名词、数词如何变化形式？ 4 卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副 词的比较 等级及其他 数词 其他→名 其他→形/副 2023 新Ⅰ 56.tasty 64.rarely 新 Ⅱ 61.interviews 56.arrival 57.confident 63.Basically 卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副 词的比较 等级及其他 数词 2023 甲 69.warning 67.Different 62.sixth 乙 64.wonders 69.remarkable 2022 新Ⅰ 62.populations 63.eventually 新 Ⅱ 64.son’s 58.asleep 60.accidentally 甲 65.protection 66.meaningful 68.highest 卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副词的比较等级及其他 数词 2022 乙 65.responsibility 64.largest 浙 江 58.photographer 64.independence 60.existing 61.sighted 2021 新Ⅰ 57.humans 58.undoubtedly 60.astonished 59.hotter(the＋比较级，the＋比较级) 卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副 词的比较 等级及其他 数词 2021 新Ⅱ 64.representative 61.harmful 62.excited 56.seventh 甲 69.watchtowers 70.daily 65.better 乙 69.Activities 62.development 61.educated 68.financial 浙江 58.marriage 59.smaller 卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副 词的比较 等级及其他 数词 2020 新Ⅰ 64.accuracy 56.wealthy 新Ⅱ 59.professions 58.requirement 57.educational Ⅰ 64.interest (interesting) 62.extremely 69.much(how much) 卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副词 的比较等级及 其他 数词 2020 Ⅱ 61.celebration 66.Certainly 69.beautiful Ⅲ 64.curiosity 68.gently 62.finest 浙 江 62.seasons 卷别 名词的数和格 词性转换 形容词和副词 的比较等级及 其他 数词 2019 Ⅰ 66.belief 62.poorly 68.higher Ⅱ 63.finally 70.wonderful Ⅲ 66.competition 67.traditional 68.hugely 61.so(so...that...) 浙 江 64.connection(s) 60.easily 65.traditional 考向1　名词的数和格　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1. [2023新高考Ⅱ，61]They also need to be ready to give ⁠(interview) in English with international journalists. 2. [2022新高考Ⅱ，64]＂He saved my (son) life，＂ said Mrs. Brown. interviews　 son’s　 　　1. 考查名词的数时，通常根据名词是否可数以及空前的修饰词判断； 　　2. 高考对名词所有格的考查相对较少，需判断空处与空后名词是否为所属 关系。 【同步训练】 点拨运用22’ 3. [2023 全国乙，64]But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also a place that/which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life， with 21st-century architectural ⁠(wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 4. [2023 浙江1月，64]Thanks to Beijing’s long history as the capital of China， almost every hutong has its stories， and some are even associated with historic ⁠(event) . wonders　 events　 5. [2021新高考Ⅰ，57]The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ⁠(human) are. 6. [2021全国甲，69]Supposedly you can do it in two hours， but we stopped at the different gates and ⁠(watchtower) to take pictures... 7. [2021全国乙，69] ⁠(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. 8. [2021北京，11]Why do we dream？ Scientists aren’t completely sure， and they have diverse ⁠(idea). humans　 watchtowers　 Activities　 ideas　 9. [2020浙江，62]Later， they learned to work with the (season)， planting at the right time and， in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. 10. [2020北京，7]Now， lots of ⁠(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. seasons　 countries　 一、可数名词 1. 可数名词变复数的规则变化 构成方法 例词 一般在词尾加-s map→maps　sea→seas girl→girls　book→books 以-s，-x，-ch，-sh，- tch结尾的名词后加-es class→classes　box→boxes watch→watches　dish→dishes 但如stomach等，词尾-ch的发音为/k/时，要加-s，即 stomachs 考向1　名词的数和格　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 构成方法 例词 以-f或-fe 结尾的词 大都变-f或-fe为-v，再加-es leaf→leaves　 knife→knives wife→wives　 wolf→wolves life→lives　 thief→thieves 少数直接加-s belief→beliefs　chief→chiefs roof→roofs　 proof→proofs 构成方法 例词 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名 词，变-y为-i加-es party→parties　family→families story→stories 以元音字母加-y结尾的名 词，加-s toy→toys　 boy→boys day→days　 ray→rays 构成方法 例词 以辅音 字母加- o结尾的 名词 加-es hero→heroes　potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes 加-s piano→pianos　photo→photos kilo→kilos 两者皆可 volcano→volcanoes/volcanos 构成方法 例词 以元音字母加-o结尾的名 词加-s radio→radios　zoo→zoos bamboo→bamboos 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth→truths　mouth→mouths month→months 2. 可数名词变复数的不规则变化 构成方法 例词 词尾加-ren或-en child→children ox→oxen 变更词内元音 man→men woman→women foot→feet　goose→geese mouse→mice 单复数同形 sheep　deer　series　means　species 构成方法 例词 表示 国籍 的专 有名 词 加-s American→Americans German→Germans Greek→Greeks 单复数同形 Chinese　Portuguese　Japanese 有些词以-man或-woman 结尾，分别改为-men或- women Englishman→Englishmen 构成方法 例词 复合 名词 将主体名词变为复数 son-in-law→sons-in-law looker-on→lookers-onpasser-by→passers-by 无主体名词时，通常在最 后一个词的词尾加-s grown-up→grown-ups 构成方法 例词 外来名词 criterion→criteria 标准 phenomenon→phenomena现象 basis→bases 基础　crisis→crises 危机 analysis→analyses 分析 bacterium→bacteria 细菌 medium→media媒体　datum→data 数据 [2023北京，15]Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ⁠(city) from coastal winds. [2022新高考Ⅰ，62]The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between eparate (population) and homes of giant pandas， and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. (wolf) are very adaptable： they can live in forests， on open plains， or in the snows of the Arctic. cities　 populations　 Wolves　 【同步训练】 Looking through the newspaper， I’m shocked by ⁠(photo) showing the destruction caused by the hurricane. One study showed that (woman) who drank a lot of coffee， like eight or more cups per day， while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects. photos　 women　 二、不可数名词 1. 物质名词、抽象名词大多为不可数名词，一般没有复数形式。常见的不可数 名词有： furniture 家具　　 equipment 设备　 news 新闻 information 信息　 advice 建议　　 progress进步 baggage 行李　　 luck运气　　 water 水 word消息　　 wealth财富　　 knowledge知识 2. 一些名词通常表示抽象概念，是不可数名词，但被赋予了具体含义之后，可作可 数名词，即抽象名词具体化。 词汇 抽象名词(不可数) 具体化后(可数) beauty 美，美丽 美人，美好的事物 failure 失败 失败的事物或人 success 成功，胜利 成功的事物或人 honour 尊敬，敬意 引起尊敬的事物或人 pleasure 愉快，快乐 乐事 pity 怜悯，同情 憾事 3. 有些名词作可数名词和不可数名词时含义有所不同。 词汇 不可数名词 可数名词 paper 纸 试卷；报纸；论文 chicken 鸡肉 鸡 work 工作 著作，作品 三、名词所有格 　　所有格作定语，修饰另一名词，表示所有关系。 1. -’s所有格 　　主要用于表示有生命的事物或人及人类活动的名词，也可用于表示时间、距 离、数量、城市、国家等无生命事物的名词后。构成规则如下： 构成 示例 单数名词词尾通常加-’s；复数名词不以-s结尾时，也要加-’s the boy’s schoolbag people’s awareness 构成 示例 以-s结尾的复数名词后直接 加＂’＂ teachers’ office a thirty minutes’ ride 以-s结尾的单数名词或专有名词 之后加＂’＂或-’s均可 my boss’s/boss’ plan James’/James’s eyes 复合名词一般在最后一个词的词尾加-’s my brother-in-law’s birthday [2021浙江1月，58]It is calculated by dividing a ⁠(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared， and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. Proper arrangements should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole ⁠(morning) hard work. The (boy) shoes were covered with mud， so I asked them to take their shoes off before they got into ⁠(Tom) car. person’s　 morning’s　 boys’　 Tom’s　 2. 名词所有格的特殊用法 ①用于表示店铺、诊所、住宅及公共建筑等的名词时，所有格之后的shop， office， house等常省去。如： at the barber’s (shop) 在理发店 at Mr. Green’s (house)在格林先生家 ②如果两个名词并列，且分别加’s，则表示＂分别有……＂；若只有后一个名词 加’s，则表示两个＂共有＂。如： Lily’s and Mary’s teachers 莉莉和玛丽各自的老师 Lily and Mary’s teacher 莉莉和玛丽共同的老师 　　考查名词，需判断： 1.名词是否可数以及考虑空前的修饰词 2. 空处与空后名词是否为所属关系 3.是否需要词性转换 课堂小结1' [2023 全国甲，69]1.However， Carson’s theme is a more weighty ⁠(warn) about environmental destruction. [2020新高考Ⅱ，58]2.Also， technological know-how has become a (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world， as the computer has become a common tool in most professions. 3.The study surveyed 500 families and found that the main psychological problems people suffered were (lonely) and ⁠(anxious). [2022全国甲，65]4.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road， in order to promote environmental ⁠(protect). warning　 requirement　 loneliness　 anxiety　 protection　 当堂检测15’ 单句语法填空 5. We always kept bamboo chopsticks along with our (knife)， forks and spoons， ready for whenever we happened to have Chinese food for dinner. 6. His courage and ⁠ (persist) with his brilliance and humor inspired people across the world. 7. To better tell the story， Yu Rong drew inspiration from her several ⁠(visit) to sites of ancient battles and Henan opera. 8. In 1990， about 750 million people in this country lived in extreme (poor)； today fewer than 10 million do. knives　 persistence　 visits　 poverty　 9. People who are far-sighted have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an arm’s ⁠(long). 10. ⁠(curious) is part of children’s nature. They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything. 11. I trust the historian completely. His ⁠(describe) of these events corresponds to other accounts written at the time. 12. Some restaurants in Guangzhou stimulate ⁠(customer) appetite with many different offerings. length　 Curiosity　 description　 customers’　 Thanks！ $$